Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26811 |
From: Gaius Minucius Hadrianus Felix |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Religio Moderenization ( was Resignation) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26812 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Resignation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26813 |
From: lacedaemonius2004 |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26814 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Resignation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26815 |
From: lacedaemonius2004 |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Religio Moderenization ( was Resignation) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26816 |
From: lacedaemonius2004 |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Religio Moderenization ( was Resignation) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26817 |
From: lacedaemonius2004 |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26818 |
From: gaiusequitiuscato |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Resignation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26819 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Resignation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26820 |
From: deciusiunius |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Gens Vedia has grown |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26821 |
From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Resignation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26822 |
From: Pat |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Forum (was Why is it that) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26823 |
From: Maxima |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Forum (was Why is it that) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26824 |
From: Lucius Rutilius Minervalis |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Edictum Propraetoricium V |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26825 |
From: Maxima |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Resignation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26826 |
From: Pompeianus |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Taxes, provinciae and Nova Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26827 |
From: serenusnova@aol.com |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Quaestor candidates |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26828 |
From: L. Cornelius Sulla |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Resignation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26829 |
From: L. Cornelius Sulla |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Character List Erratum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26830 |
From: Pat |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Saturn-YHWH (was: Resignation) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26831 |
From: TiAnO |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Roman History Opinions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26832 |
From: L. Cornelius Sulla |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Roman History Opinions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26833 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26834 |
From: TiAnO |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Roman History Opinions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26835 |
From: L. Cornelius Sulla |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Roman History Opinions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26836 |
From: Chris Duemmel |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Roman History Opinions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26837 |
From: lacedaemonius2004 |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Resignation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26839 |
From: Roland Pirard |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Roman History Opinions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26840 |
From: Kaelus Iulius |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Saturn-YHWH (was: Resignation) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26841 |
From: Roland Pirard |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Roman History Opinions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26842 |
From: Mike Abboud |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: So I am playing around the net |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26843 |
From: Maxima |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Resignation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26844 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26845 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Character List Erratum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26846 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: The administrative center [ex Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26847 |
From: Jack the Ripper |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Rif: [Nova-Roma] The administrative center [ex Re: Why is it that.. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26848 |
From: Lucius Iulius |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Third answer about Latin Epigraphy |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26849 |
From: gaiusequitiuscato |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Character List Erratum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26850 |
From: Mike Abboud |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Saturn-YHWH (was: Resignation) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26851 |
From: Mike Abboud |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Resignation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26852 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Forum (was Why is it that) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26853 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Rif: [Nova-Roma] The administrative center [ex Re: Why is it that.. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26854 |
From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Character List Erratum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26855 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: The administrative center [ex Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26856 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26857 |
From: mally ka |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Roman History Opinions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26858 |
From: Jack the Ripper |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Rif: [Nova-Roma] The administrative center [ex Re: Why is it that.. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26859 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: The administrative center [ex Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26860 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Taxes, provinciae and Nova Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26861 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26862 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: The administrative center [ex Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26863 |
From: Pompeianus |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Taxes, provinciae and Nova Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26864 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: An Apology to the ML; from Maior |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26865 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26866 |
From: gaiusequitiuscato |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26867 |
From: Arnamentia Moravia Aurelia |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: A brush with the ager publicus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26868 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Taxes, provinciae and Nova Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26869 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: The administrative center [ex Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26870 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: The administrative center [ex Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26871 |
From: Samantha |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26872 |
From: Samantha |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: The administrative center [ex Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26873 |
From: Chris Duemmel |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Roman History Opinions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26874 |
From: Chris Duemmel |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26875 |
From: Chris Duemmel |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Taxes, provinciae and Nova Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26876 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26877 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Resignation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26878 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Forum (was Why is it that) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26879 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Hypsistos ( was Resignation) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26880 |
From: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Forum (was Why is it that) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26881 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26882 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26883 |
From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Ancient Site Preservation Fund [ex: Re: The administrative center] |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26884 |
From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26885 |
From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26886 |
From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: So I am playing around the net |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26887 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26888 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26889 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS OF THE PRAEROGATIVA |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26890 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: INVALID VOTES-PLEASE READ THIS -- VERY IMPORTANT |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26891 |
From: Kaelus Iulius |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Ancient Site Preservation Fund [ex: Re: The administrative center] |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26892 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: LEX GOVERNING VOTING IN THE COMITIA CENTURIATA |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26893 |
From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26894 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26895 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: To the Censors from the Rogatores |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26896 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Ancient Site Preservation Fund [ex: Re: The administrative center] |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26897 |
From: Roland Pirard |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Envoi d'un message : articles |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26898 |
From: DOUGLAS STEVENS |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Rif: [Nova-Roma] The administrative center [ex Re: Why is it th |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26899 |
From: DOUGLAS STEVENS |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Rif: Re: [Nova-Roma] Roman music |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26900 |
From: Publius Albucius |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Drusus and FAC's posts about "adm. center" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26901 |
From: Kaelus Iulius |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26902 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26903 |
From: deciusiunius |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26904 |
From: Mike Abboud |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS OF THE PRAEROGATIVA |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26905 |
From: Mike Abboud |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: So I am playing around the net |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26906 |
From: Mike Abboud |
Date: 2004-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26907 |
From: Gaius Minucius Hadrianus Felix |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26908 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Fwd: Re: Enough is enough children...Aurelianus to Drusus. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26909 |
From: gaiusequitiuscato |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26910 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Fwd: Re: Enough is enough children...Aurelianus to Drusus. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26911 |
From: deciusiunius |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26912 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: And yet more Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26913 |
From: Roland Pirard |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26914 |
From: Kaelus Iulius |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Kaelus to Agricola |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26915 |
From: Kaelus Iulius |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Kaelus to Agricola |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26916 |
From: Domitius Constantinus Fuscus |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Fwd: Re: Enough is enough children...Aurelianus to Drusus. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26917 |
From: gaiusequitiuscato |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Kaelus to Agricola |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26918 |
From: Lucius Rutilius Minervalis |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Edictum Propraetoricium VI |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26919 |
From: Samantha |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Fwd: Re: Enough is enough children...Aurelianus to Drusus. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26920 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26921 |
From: Samantha |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Fwd: Re: Enough is enough children...Aurelianus to Drusus. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26922 |
From: Decimus Iunius Silanus |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26923 |
From: Samantha |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26924 |
From: Samantha |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26925 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Humor [ex Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus] |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26926 |
From: Samantha |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Humor [ex Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus] |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26927 |
From: gaiusequitiuscato |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: And yet more Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26928 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: The Boni and the college's decree |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26929 |
From: L. Cornelius Sulla |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Humor [ex Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus] |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26930 |
From: Jack the Ripper |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Rif: Re: Rif: [Nova-Roma] The administrative center [ex Re: Why is |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26931 |
From: Domitius Constantinus Fuscus |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Fwd: Re: Enough is enough children...Aurelianus to Drusus. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26932 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Ancient Site Preservation Fund [ex: Re: The administrative center] |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26933 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Roman History Opinions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26934 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26935 |
From: Samantha |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Fwd: Re: Enough is enough children...Aurelianus to Drusus. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26936 |
From: Samantha |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26937 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Offered services [ex Fwd: Re: Enough is enough children...Aurelian |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26938 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26939 |
From: Samantha |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Offered services [ex Fwd: Re: Enough is enough children...Aurelian |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26940 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Fwd: Re: Enough is enough children...Aurelianus to Drusus. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26941 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Humor [ex Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus] |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26942 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Rif: Re: Rif: [Nova-Roma] The administrative center [ex Re: Why is |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26943 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26944 |
From: lucia_iulia_albina |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Forum (was Why is it that) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26945 |
From: Roland Pirard |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26946 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26947 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26948 |
From: John Dobbins |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: President Kennedy |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26949 |
From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Why is it that.....Aurelianus to Fuscus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26950 |
From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Offered services |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26951 |
From: lucia_iulia_albina |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Taxes, provinciae and Nova Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26952 |
From: Mike Abboud |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: And yet more Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26953 |
From: lucia_iulia_albina |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Resignation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26954 |
From: Lucius Arminius Faustus |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: The Comitia Plebis and Populi Tributa are called! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26955 |
From: Gaius Minucius Hadrianus Felix |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: The Boni |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26956 |
From: Domitius Constantinus Fuscus |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: President Kennedy |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26957 |
From: hucke@cynico.net |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
Subject: Re: My details |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 26958 |
From: Roland Pirard |
Date: 2004-08-04 |
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From: raymond fuentes |
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Special Dispatch Series - No. 447
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Special Dispatch Series - No. 447
December 6, 2002 No.447
Leading Sunni Sheikh Yousef Al-Qaradhawi and Other Sheikhs Herald the Coming Conquest of Rome
In articles written by Islamic clerics, the clerics herald the imminent conquest of Rome by Islam, in accordance with the prophecy of Muhammad. The issue is also discussed in Friday sermons. Sheikh Yousef Al-Qaradhawi, one of the most influential clerics in Sunni Islam, often makes this claim in his religious rulings and on his television programs. The following are remarks made by Al-Qaradhawi and other Muslim clerics:
Al-Qaradhawi: "Islam will Return to Europe as a Conqueror"
In a fatwa posted on the website www.islamonline.net,[1] in response to a reader's question, Sheikh Al-Qaradhawi wrote of the "signs of the victory of Islam," citing a well-known Hadith: ". The Prophet Muhammad was asked: 'What city will be conquered first, Constantinople or Romiyya?' He answered: 'The city of Hirqil [i.e. the Byzantine emperor Heraclius] will be conquered first' - that is, Constantinople. Romiyya is the city called today 'Rome,' the capital of Italy. The city of Hirqil [that is, Constantinople] was conquered by the young 23-year-old Ottoman Muhammad bin Morad, known in history as Muhammad the Conqueror, in 1453. The other city, Romiyya, remains, and we hope and believe [that it too will be conquered]."
"This means that Islam will return to Europe as a conqueror and victor, after being expelled from it twice - once from the South, from Andalusia, and a second time from the East, when it knocked several times on the door of Athens."
Sheikh Al-Qaradhawi qualified his statement: "I maintain that the conquest this time will not be by the sword but by preaching and ideology."[2]
Al-Qaradhawi made similar statements on other occasions, on his weekly religious program on Al-Jazeera. He declared: "This means that the friends of the Prophet heard that two cities would be conquered by Islam, Romiyya and Constantinople, and the Prophet said that 'Hirqil [i.e. Constantinople] would be conquered first.' Romiyya is Rome, the capital of Italy, and Constantinople was the capital of the state of Byzantine Rome, which today is Istanbul. He said that Hirqil which is Constantinople, would be conquered first and this is what happened."
"All right, Constantinople was conquered, and the second part of the prophecy remains, that is, the conquest of Romiyya. This means that Islam will return to Europe. Islam entered Europe twice and left it. Perhaps the next conquest, Allah willing, will be by means of preaching and ideology. The conquest need not necessarily be by the sword. [The conquest of Mecca] was not by the sword or by war, but by a [Hudabiyya] treaty, and by peace. Perhaps we will conquer these lands without armies. We want an army of preachers and teachers who will present Islam in all languages and in all dialects."[3]
Another time, Sheikh Al-Qaradhawi said, "The Hadith says that the city of Constantinople, the city of Heracles, will be conquered first. We conquered Constantinople and the second part of the prophecy remains - the conquest of Romiyya. The conquest of Romiyya means that Islam will return to Europe. In one of my previous programs, I said that I think that this conquest would not be by the sword or armies, but by preaching and ideology. Europe will see that it suffers from materialistic culture, and will seek an alternative, it will seek a way out, it will seek a lifeboat. It will find no lifesaver but the message of Islam the message of the muezzin who gives it religion but does not deny it this world, brings it to Heaven, but does not uproot it from Earth. Allah willing, Islam will return to Europe and the Europeans will convert to Islam. Then they themselves will be able to be the ones to disseminate Islam in the world, more than we ancient Muslims. This is within Allah's capabilities."[4]
Saudi Sheikh: "We Will Control the Land of the Vatican"
The Saudi Sheikh Muhammad bin Abd Al-Rahman Al-'Arifi, imam of the mosque of King Fahd Defense Academy,[5] discussed this Hadith in an article posted on the Kalemat website. Under the headline "Don't be sad, Allah is with us," the article read: ". We will control the land of the Vatican; we will control Rome and introduce Islam in it. Yes, the Christians, who carve crosses on the breasts of the Muslims in Kosovo - and before then in Bosnia, and before then in many places in the world - will yet pay us the Jiziya [poll tax paid by non-Muslims under Muslim rule], in humiliation, or they will convert to Islam."[6]
In a sermon at the Al-Nour Mosque in Khobar, Sheikh Naser Muhammad Al-Naser quoted the sage Al-Albani, who said: "The first conquest was carried out, as is known, by Muhammad the Ottoman conqueror, 800 years after the Prophet told of it, and the second conquest [that of Rome] will be carried out, Allah willing, and it is inevitable."[7]
In another sermon, Sheikh Al-Naser said: "This Hadith predicts that the two cities will be conquered. The first was already conquered, remained under the control of the Muslims for a time, and then was again stolen [by Ataturk]. There are signs that it will again be conquered and will return to the hands of the Islamic state. Rome also will be conquered."[8]
PA Deputy Minister: When Islam Reaches Its End, the Sun and Stars will Extinguish
In a sermon at the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the Palestinian Authority's Deputy Minister of Awqaf, Sheikh Yousef Juma'a Salameh said: "Romiyya is Rome, the capital of Italy, and Constantinople is today Istanbul, known in Islamic history by the name of Islam-Boul. The great conquest [of Constantinople] was carried out two centuries after the Tatars entered Baghdad and after the fall of the Caliphate. The people thought that Islam had reached its lowest point. and forgot that Islam had not reached its end in the world, because on the day it reaches its end, there will be no world: the sun will be extinguished, the stars will go out."[9]
Sudanese Sheikh: "Rome Will be Conquered"
In a sermon at a mosque in Khartoum, Sudan, Sheikh Muhammad Abd Al-Karim said: ".The Prophet said that the Muslims would take India, saying: 'Allah saved two groups of my nation from the fire of Hell: one group that would attack India and a second group that would be with Jesus the son of Mary [in the battle of Judgment Day].' The Prophet Muhammad told us of the conquest of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine state, and of the conquest of Rome, where the Vatican is situated. Some of what the Prophet said has already come to pass. The Muslims conquered Persia, the Muslims conquered Byzantium. the Muslims attacked India and Allah conquered it for us, until they reached the borders of China. The Muslims conquered Constantinople, where Eastern Christianity is situated, and in the future, a mighty king will arise for the Muslims; through him, Islam will spread and Rome will be conquered."[10]
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[1] December 2, 2002.
[2] http://www.islamonline.net/fatwa/arabic/FatwaDisplay.asp?hFatwaID=2042
[3] Al-Jazeera Television (Qatar), January 24, 1999. http://www.aljazeera.net/programs/shareea/articles/2001/7/7-6-2.htm.
[4] Al-Jazeera Television (Qatar), November 30, 2000. http://www.aljazeera.net/programs/shareea/articles/2000/11/11-30-3.htm
[5] According to http://www.ghran.com/mandobiah/tazkiat7.htm
[6] http://www.kalemat.org/sections.php?so=va&aid=93
[7] http://www.alminbar.net/alkhutab/khutbaa.asp?mediaURL=2772 ; Sheikh Al-Nasser said the same in a sermon in April 1992: http://www.alminbar.net/alkhutab/khutbaa.asp?mediaURL=2818
[8] http://www.alminbar.net/alkhutab/khutbaa.asp?mediaURL=2431
[9] http://www.alminbar.net/alkhutab/khutbaa.asp?mediaURL=6345
[10] http://www.alminbar.net.alkhutab/khutbaa.asp?mediaURL=3116
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Original and Modern Sources on the Roman Army
The Original Sources containing information on the Roman Army:
In Greek:
Arrianus On Tactics.
Appianus, Roman History
Dionysios of Halikarnassos, Roman Antiquities
Diodoros Siculus, History
Polybios, The Histories
Plutarch, Parallel Lives.
Herodian, History
Dio Cassius, Roman History
Onasander, On Generalship
Josephus, The Jewish War.
Zosimus, Imperial History
Procopius,History of the Wars.
In Latin:
Livius, History of Rome from its Foundation
Caesar, The Commentaries, The Civil War
Tacitus, The Histories, The Annals of Rome, Agricola, On Germania.
Suetonius,The Twelve Caesars
Ammianus Marcellinus,The History
Varius, The Lives of the Caesars.
Julian, Orations.
Frontinus, Stratagems
Vegetius. Epitome of Military Science
Seeck's Latin edition of the Notitia Dignitatum
This was once available from Minerva Publications of Frankfurt am Main,
Germany, I am uncertain of its availability at this time
MODERN WORKS: The "Bibles" Must Reading about the Roman Army
The Roman art of War under the Republic.
F. E. Adcock
Still the best survey on the Republican army. Dated in places, but still
holds up well.
The Roman Legions
H.M.D Parker
Another bible. Still important, although some of new research and findings
especially in Germania and Britannia should included.
G. Watson, The Roman Soldier, Roman Imperial Army.
The other bible Though dated. Needs updating with new bibliography.
H. Russell Robinson, The Armor of Imperial Rome, Oriental Armor.
An excellent source for understanding Roman armor, and its
importance to the Roman Army
H.Delbruck, History of the Art of War within the framework of Political
History. Vol 1 Vol II
Lots of people don't read Hans any more believing him dated. His conclusions
for most part are still valid, and he walked most of the battlefields which
had not yet been modernized like today so he gives a detailed approach to them.
Le Bohec, Yann The Imperial Roman Army
Good. Le Bohec is post structuralist, so he analyses the Roman army from the
POV why it serves the state not vice versa. Not enough annotation though and
starts at Principate and finishes before the Dominate.
Keppie, Lawrence. The Making of the Roman Army from Republic to Empire.
I was really disappointed with this. Parker has needed updating, and I
thought Keppie would by the one to do so, but nothing really new. Weak on the Early
and Manipular Legio. The best thing is the appendix, with each Civil War legio
listed by number.
Makes a Handy reference.
W. Harris, War and Imperialism in Republican Rome.
Often overlooked and hard to find. Worth the read. Covers Why Rome went to
war, how war was declared and diplomacy was carried out, what was expected of
its classes in a war, and how the Senate played a major role in avoiding wars
that would have no value to Rome..
OTHER MODERN WORKS.
Gabba, Republican Rome, the Army and the Allies
B Caven, The Punic Wars
T. Dodge, Caesar
Gen. Dodge walked all of the battlefields in Gaul and Civil War in the late
1800s. Though dated, one cannot escape his compelling narrative and his hand
sketched maps. The bedside companion to Commentaries.
L. Rossi, Trajan's Column and the Dacian Wars.
The book to read about the Coulmn and its place in Roman society.
A. Goldsworthy, The Roman Army at War 100 BCE-CE 200.
Contains a detailed analysis on operational practices and the nature of
battle in the Late Republic and Early empire. Owes a lot to Parker's Roman Legions,
and scholars don't agree with all his conclusions.
J. Campbell The Emperor and the Roman Army
R. Cheesman, The Auxilia of the Roman Imperial Army
Dated, but a good start on the subject.
A Hyland Training the Roman Cavalry
Dixon & P Southern, The Roman Cavalry
E. Luttwak, The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire.
A U.N strategist attempts apply modern military thought to the defense of the
Empire.
Interesting, but many of his conclusions are too modern.
S. Mattern, Rome and the Enemy.
An amazing book about how the Romans viewed themselves and their enemies and
how they conducted campaigns, with no educated War College General Staff.
P Petit Pax Romana
The so called golden age of the Principate. How many wars were fought during
this peaceful period? Lots and one civil war. Petit discusses them all.
A Ferrill, Roman Imperial Grand Strategy
B. Isaac, The Limits of Empire. The Roman Army in the East
J. Roth, The Logistics of the Roman Imperial Army at War (264 BC-AD 235)
Specialized analysis of the Later Principate's supply problems with armies in
the field.
Highly recomended.
N. Austin & B. Rankov, Exploratio: Military and Political Intelligence in the
Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle of Adrianople.
Interesting book. About the success and failures of Roman pre campaign
intelligence gathering.
D. Breeze and B. Dobson, Hadrian's Wall
A H M. Jones, The Later Roman Empire.
Though dated, still has importance, being the best over all survey about the
Dominate.
This is best read with Bury and Southern.
J.B Bury History of the Later Roman Empire. Two Volumes
H. M. D. Parker A history of the Roman World 138-337
Southern and Dickson The Late Roman Army
The book updates the reformed Dominate Roman army with a lot of new findings
especially the new excavations at Dura Europa
H. Elton, Warfare in Roman Europe AD 350~25 is an admirable and wide ranging
study of the Later Roman Army, and its treatment of its barbarian allies.
R. MacMullen, Soldier and Civilian in the Later Roman Empire
A must read for a later Roman historian or reenactor.
E. Marsden, Greek and Roman Artillery.
Still the best source on the construction and use of Roman artillery.
JOURNALS:Journal of Roman Studies
Published annually by the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies.
Has frequent articles on findings to do with the Roman army.
Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies.
Recent research in this field on Roman Equipment is regularly published bi
annually in the Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies.
ARTICLESE. Rawson, The Literary Sources for the Pre-Marian Roman Army',
Papers of the British School at Rome Vol 39 (1971), 13-31
L. Rawlings, Condottieri and Clansmen: "Early Italian Warfare and the
State.", in
K. Hopwood's Organized Crime in the Ancient World
Bell, M. 3. V. "Tactical reform in the Roman republican army", Historia 1965,
p404
Frederiksen, Martin W. "Campanian cavalry: a question of origins", Dialoghi
di archaeologia, 2, 1968, p3
T. Cornell, B,Rankov, & P. Sabin, The Second Punic War: A Reappraisal ICS
London, 1996.
Coello, Unit Sizes in the Late Roman Army. BAR S645 (Oxford, 1996)
COFFEE TABLE BOOKS (Popular Publishing)These are lavishly Illustrated books
based on findings of current schlorship.
While they have their place they cannot be considered quotable sources, nor
have 100% accurate depictions.
Connolly, Peter. Greece and Rome at War (London 1981)
Sir John Hackett (ed) Warfare in the Ancient World
J. Warry Warfare in the Classical World
T. Dupuy Military Life of Julius Caesar: Imperator
P. Connolly The Roman World - The Cavalryman
M. Windrow Imperial Rome at War.
M. Simpkins Warriors of Rome.
A noted reconstructionalist and friend, he is down in this section, only
because some of Fielding's drawings are inaccurate. Simpkins' equipment is known
world wide for its accuracy to sources and its attention to detail.
WARGAMING SOURCES
The Osprey Books
Osprey books are for wargamers to have a source to paint up miniature
figures. They have pretty pictures but dubious scholarship. I turned down an offer to
write for them for this reason.
In the Men at Arms Series
These are eighty page overall surveys with pretty pics
Early Roman Armies (1995)
Armies of the Carthaginian Wars 265-146 BC (1982)
Republican Roman Army 200-104 BC (1996)
The Roman Army from Caesar to Trajan (1974)
Guardians of the Roman Empire (Praetorians) (1994)
The Roman Army from Hadrian to Constantine (1979)
Romano-Byzantine Armies 4th - 9th Centuries (1988)
Osprey Warrior Series
These are specialized studies of a warrior's weapons, armor and tactics in a
certain period.
Late Roman Infantryman 236-565 AD
Late Roman Cavalryman 236-565 AD
Osprey Campaigns Series
Covers a specific campaign covering armies, numbers, strategies and terrain
analysis
Cannae 216 BC
Adrianople AD 378
Q Fabius Maximus
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