Selected messages in Nova-Roma group. Jan 30-31, 2005

Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33098 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33099 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33100 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: When do the Tribunes act? (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: A Call to the Tr
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33101 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33102 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33103 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Tribune Fuscus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33104 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33105 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: the membership of the Senate over time
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33106 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33107 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33108 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33109 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33110 From: Matt Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33111 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33112 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33113 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: EDICTVM CENSORIVM DE ADLEGENDIS SENATORIBVS
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33114 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33115 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33116 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33117 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33118 From: Matt Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33119 From: Gregory Rose Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33120 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: the membership of the Senate over time
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33121 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: the membership of the Senate over time
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33122 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33123 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33124 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: the membership of the Senate over time
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33125 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: the membership of the Senate over time
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33126 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33127 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: the membership of the Senate over time
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33128 From: Gn. Julius Caesar Cornelianus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33129 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: the membership of the Senate over time
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33130 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33131 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks. Seriously.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33132 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33133 From: Q. Caecilius Metellus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33134 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33135 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33136 From: Q. Caecilius Metellus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33137 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33138 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33139 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33140 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: On the recent adlections
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33141 From: quintuscassiuscalvus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33142 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On the Lighter Side (wasPolitical Affiliation of the Senate )
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33143 From: Matt Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On the recent adlections
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33144 From: Gregory Rose Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33145 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33146 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On the recent adlections
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33147 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33148 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Praetors???
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33149 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33150 From: Bill Gawne Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33151 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks. Seriously.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33152 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33153 From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33154 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33155 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33156 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33157 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33158 From: Bill Gawne Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33159 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33160 From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33161 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33162 From: Bill Gawne Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33163 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33164 From: Bill Gawne Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Status of C. Minucius Scaevola
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33165 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On the Lighter Side (Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nov
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33166 From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33167 From: Gnaeus Salvius Astur Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: On new senators and the enemies of the Religio Romana
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33168 From: Gnaeus Salvius Astur Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: New nomen
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33169 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33170 From: C. Fabia Livia Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Adlections
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33171 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33172 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33173 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Adlections
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33174 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33175 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: New nomen
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33176 From: Domitius Constantinus Fuscus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: LONG: On the request of Intercessio
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33177 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Adlections
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33178 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: LONG: On the request of Intercessio
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33179 From: Dalmatica@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: A very good book indeed!
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33180 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A very good book indeed!
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33181 From: Lucius Equitius Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Digest No 1789
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33182 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33183 From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33184 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33185 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33186 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: LONG: On the request of Intercessio
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33187 From: Lucius Equitius Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Digest No 1790
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33188 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A very good book indeed!
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33189 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: LONG: On the request of Intercessio
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33190 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re:
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33191 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Familia ancestral worship
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33192 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33193 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33194 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Digest No 1789
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33195 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33196 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33197 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33198 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re:
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33199 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33200 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33201 From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33202 From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: You get a grip, Apollonius, you are a newcomer.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33203 From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33204 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re:
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33205 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Familia ancestral worship
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33207 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33208 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33209 From: Kristoffer From Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33210 From: Marcus Iulius Perusianus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Praetors???
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33211 From: Diana Aventina Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33212 From: Marcus Iulius Perusianus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Praetors???
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33213 From: t_octavius_salvius Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33214 From: FAC Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re:
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33215 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33216 From: Decimus Iunius Silanus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: A recipe....
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33217 From: philipp.hanenberg@web.de Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: FW: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33218 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: FYI Gaulish language
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33219 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33220 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: A recipe....
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33221 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33222 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: A recipe....
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33223 From: Diana Aventina Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33224 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: You get a grip, Apollonius, you are a newcomer.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33225 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33226 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33227 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33228 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33229 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33230 From: FAC Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re:
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33231 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re:
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33232 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: LONG: On the request of Intercessio
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33233 From: Bill Gawne Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: De Divinatio
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33234 From: walkyr@aol.com Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: De Divinatio
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33235 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: De Divinatio
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33236 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Sulla
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33237 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33238 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33239 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: De Divinatio
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33240 From: FAC Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33241 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33242 From: Q. Caecilius Metellus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33243 From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Coin Toss, Past Elections, etc.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33244 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33245 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33246 From: Kristoffer From Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Cursus Honorum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33247 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: The Cursus Honorum and the Senate
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33248 From: Kristoffer From Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Cursus Honorum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33249 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33250 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: The Cursus Honorum and the Senate
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33251 From: Maxima Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: A recipe....
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33252 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33253 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: De Divinatio
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33254 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Cursus Honorum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33255 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: A recipe....
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33256 From: P. Minucia Tiberia Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: MAGNA MATER PROJECT BULLETIN JANUARY 2758 A.U.C.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33257 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33258 From: Caeso Fabius Quintilianus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Warning: please show restraint
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33259 From: Maxima Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33260 From: Maxima Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33261 From: Maxima Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33262 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33263 From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: The Cursus Honorum and the Senate
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33264 From: william wheeler Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: to all in Gens Cornelia ! Greetting from the house priestI
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33265 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33266 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33267 From: MARCVS CALIDIVS GRACCHVS Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Sulla
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33268 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33269 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33270 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33271 From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Sulla
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33272 From: aoctaviaindagatrix Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: The Cursus Honorum and the Senate
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33273 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)



Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33098 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
G. Equitius Cato G. Iulio Scauro G. Modio Athanasio S.P.D.

Salvete Gaius Scaurus et Modius Athanasius.

I will use any power that I have in defense of the religio publica;
that I have promised and that I stand by. If I thought there were
actions taking place that would endanger the religio publica, I would
absolutely condemn them publicly.

The adlection of these five Senators does not seem to me honestly to
pose some threat to the religio Romana either privata or publica. Nor
does the election of a series of magistrates who do not lean what in
the past would have been called "Boni-wards". As long as the religio
publica is observed, the health and well-being of the res publica can
be assured.

Modius Athanasius, my point, again, is that there *have* been
magistrates in the recent past who did lean Boni-wards, yet they did
not adlect practitioners of the religio nor Boni; to claim that the
current magistrates are acting politically, but that the previous ones
are guiltless by their inaction in regards to precisely the same
opportunity, is fallacious indeed.

And again, as Bianchius Antonius appears not to be a practitioner of
the religio, this somewhat undercuts the claim that in passing him
over for whatever reason the Censors have acted in a way inimical to
the religio. I too hope that he is adlected. That is a decision for
the Censors to make.

Valete,

Cato


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gregory Rose <gregory.rose@g...> wrote:
> G. Iulius Scaurus G. Equitio Catoni salutem dicit.
>
> Salve, Cato.
>
> My apologies. It appears that the clause in which I called on you as
> a magistrate to lift your voice in protest, which should have appeared
> between your name and that of Maca Hortensia Arminana Fabiana in the
> text was deleted by accident. That's what I get for writing periodic
> sentences. I know you are not a tribune, but I also know that you
> have several times indicated that you would use your magistracy to
> defend the Religio.
>
> Vale.
>
> Scaurus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33099 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Salvete omnes,

For the record I think that Consul Marinus whether people agreed or
disagreed with his political views has done a great job in my opinion.
I am happy to see Livia and Serapio in particular elevated to the
Senate and they were always people of action and very mature far
beyond their chronological ages.

Having said this, I feel I must now do my duty in doing my part in
protecting the Religio which I took an oath to do. It looks to me
like the Pax Deorum is on shakey ground since yesterday. Two of our
very knowledgeable pontiffs are very upset with this state of affairs
as is Tiberius Paulinus. There are other practitoners such as
Caecilius who we have heard from expressing their concerns. Their
particular views and feelings and what they precieve will no doubt
radiate out to other citizens and practitioners with possible bad
consequences down the road with respect to the cohesion of Nova Roma.
I have no political clout in my office of course, but I would
strongly suggest this matter not be dismissed so quickly by the
tribunes. As elected representatives of the Plebians, I would expect
them to go to bat for me even even if I am only one voice with one
concern in the political wilderness. A past tribune for example was
ready to stand up and address for one citizen who was facing loss of
his office and possible banishment. The magistrates in power were
also put in by the majority but that did not phase him going to bat
for the fellow.
Anyway I am 1300 km from home in the bush and have umpteen different
things to do today on our project. Surely the other tribunes enjoying
the weekend could be rounded up as well. In this particular instance,
it doesn't matter so much whether they say nay or yeah to the
request - just considering and addressing the concerns of these
religio practitoners is what shall count the most.

Regards,

Quintus Lanius Paulinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33100 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: When do the Tribunes act? (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: A Call to the Tr
Salvete omnes,

I find this insistence on M. Hortensia Maior's part that she must
receive private entreaties from plebeian cives before she will act in
her capacity as Tribune somewhat bizzarre.

The Tribunes are empowered-- nay, required-- to act where they see
violations of the law and/or Constitution. They need not wait for some
private citizen (plebeian or patrician) to ask them to fulfill their
duties.

Nor are they solely the servants of the plebeian order. Such was the
case in Roma Antiqua, but it is one of the things that have
intentionally been changed in Nova Roma (mainly because our modern
plebeians have not been the victims of any sort of persectution at the
hands of the patricians). As guardians of Nova Roma's laws and
Constitution, they serve ALL the cives, not just the plebeians, and it
is quite improper for one of them to ignore a request merely because it
came from a patrician cive.

As far as the matter of the illegality/unconstitutionality of the
present action of the Censores, I believe it to be wrong, but not
technically illegal. That's just my opinion, of course; the Tribunes
must come to their own conclusions.

Valete,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus
Pater Patriae

Maior wrote:

>
> M.Hortensia Maior Ti. Galerio Paulino spd;
>
> Salve Pauline;
> I now have noted that 2 plebs - you and Gaius Modius have called
> for a veto.
> I have checked both my mailboxes and have not received one letter.
> As I said before all the Quirites elected both Consules.
> M. Hortensia Maior TRP
>
>
>
> >
> > I don't know if you saw it but I also asked that this be vetoed.
> >
> > MHM "I'm not going to veto the actions of elected representatives"
> >
> > So much for checks and balances.
> >
> > I told you this would happen if you elected one FACTION to power!
> >
> > Vale
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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>
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33101 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
Salve,

It is not the job of Nova Roma's Tribunes to protect the historical
power of the plebs.

Please pick up a copy of NR's Constitution.

Vale,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus
Pater Patriae


Maior wrote:

>
> M. Hortensia Maiot D. Constantino Fusco spd;
>
> where do these actions infringe on the historical power of the plebs
> Fusce?
> Please pick up a Roman Law book.
> M. Hortensia Maior TRP
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33102 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
OSD G. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes.

Just to be absolutely clear, being granted a seat in the Senate due to
having served as a magistrate is an entirely different animal than
adlection by the Censors.

I stand by my statement that these are the first ADLECTIONS in 2 1/2
years.

And, just as a reminder, in ancient Rome being elected QUAESTOR got
you a seat in the Senate, so if we were adhering to the actual mos of
the ancients...

Perhaps, and I'm going out on a limb here, it might actually serve the
res publica well if a tribune *did* impose their intercessio; then
either the tribunes could hash it out privately or the matter could
become another in an endless series of vitriolic struggles.

<shrug>

Valete bene,

Cato
who, in ancient Rome, would become a Senator in January 2759 A.U.C. -
now THAT's a thought to put the fear of the Gods into some people, eh?
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33103 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Tribune Fuscus
Salve Tribune Constantinus Fuscus,

I see you have appeared just in time. I was in the middle of writing
my post when you posted yours. Good show and thanks!

Quintus Lanius Paulinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33104 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
M. Hortensia Maior Q.Lanio Paulino spd;

As the only card-carrying member of the Relgio among the
ttribunes, I do not see that our Religio is being disestablished. If
it were I would sue for treason and my fellow tribunes can vouch for
that.

As far as I can tell, Metellus is upset as he's not a pontiff,
Scaurus has threatened me as a Tribune for not obeying him as a
pontiff.
Tiberius Galerius Paulinus as tribune tried after the fact to veto
an agreement that ex-Senator Drusus voluntarily made. So far as I
know Drusus still is among us as a pontiff, after taking a religious
oath.

Now tell me again why I should veto the adelection of these five
Senators. Give me specific reasons.
M. Hortensia Maior TRP




A past tribune for example was
> ready to stand up and address for one citizen who was facing loss
of
> his office and possible banishment. The magistrates in power were
> also put in by the majority but that did not phase him going to bat
> for the fellow.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33105 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: the membership of the Senate over time
Salve Romans

A quick glance at our archives and a counting of the membership of the Senate over time revels this.


In 1998 the Senate held 6 members
In 1999 the Senate held 13 members
In 2000 the Senate held 22 members
In 2001 the Senate held 22 members
In 2002 the Senate held 22 members
In 2003 the Senate held 24 members
In 2004 the Senate held 24 members
In 2005 the Senate held 26 Members

The stability of the Senate, except at the beginning of the Republic , is self-evident and this stability in terms of numbers was maintained even when individual members (13) would resign an a new person was added.

I hope this puts the sudden addition of five new Senators into better perspective for you.


Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33106 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Get a grip, folks
A. Apollónius Cordus omnibus sal.

For goodness' sake, can't this republic grow up enough
to stop shouting "Death of Nova Róma! Treason!
Unconstitutional! Overthrow of the réligió!" at the
slightest provocation? Calm down, people. Get a grip.

First of all, I would ask you all kindly to refrain
from slandering the two politically independent
adlectees as 'lackeys' and such. It is false and
insulting, as does not help the more reasonable parts
of your argument.

Secondly, let's look seriously at this idea that
adlections should be evenly balanced between different
political camps. Where has that idea come from? From
Roman history or political practice? Don't you believe
it! A Roman would have laughed at the idea. When M.
Fabius Búteó was made dictátor in 216 to review the
senate rolls, he strongly protested against the idea
of vesting censorial powers in a single man.
Nonetheless, he had been elected to do the job, and so
he did it as impartially as he could, making the most
balanced and least controversial selection he could
make. This story is mentioned at some length by Livy
and by Plutarch. What does this story tell us? It
tells us that a balanced, impartial adlection was such
a bizarre idea that it was worth commenting on; and,
moreover, it tells us that it would only be
contemplated when the circumstances were so unusual -
not to mention unconstitutional - that normal practice
was inapplicable.

Not only is the idea of even-handed adlections
historically unfounded, it is also nonsensical to
anyone with a basic understanding of Roman
constitutional mechanics. The senate is an indirectly
elected body. It is indirectly elected in two ways:
first, most of its members gain their places by being
elected to magistracies; second, those who are not
elected in this way are chosen by senior magistrates
who are elected. In these two ways, the senate remains
a body which is broadly representative of the populus,
though it has a time-lag (since membership is for
life) which allows it to act as a conservative,
restraining influence. But if the cénsórés exert
themselves to make their adlections even-handed in
spite of the fact that the populus is clearly very
largely sympathetic to one 'side' more than the other,
this goes quite against the natural tendency of the
senate to remain a roughly representative organ, and
makes a nonsense of the delicate and complex
interactions between the many institutions of the
Roman republic.

The problem is that, historically, the freedom of
cénsórés to adlect new senátórés was limited by the
fact that they could only do so to fill up vacant
places. In Nova Róma there are no vacant places
because there is no maximum size for the senate, which
leaves the cénsórés free to adlect as many people as
they choose. In fact historically five is an extremely
restrained number, but of course the senate was much
larger, and five people here or there would not have
constituted a radical swing in any direction. So yes,
there is an issue here which needs to be addressed.
But the cénsórés haven't done anything which goes
contrary to Roman custom, and they have certainly done
nothing illegal. They are acting exactly as their
historical counterparts did. The problem is that they
are doing so in an unhistorical institutional
framework, but that is not their fault. The solution
is not to expect them to adopt some absurd modernist
idea of even-handedness, it is to put back in place
the institutional factors which ought to be limiting
their discretion.

I said above that they have done nothing illegal. This
is quite so. Scaure, amíce, you surely see that your
legal reasoning is so tenuous as to be ridiculous. The
constitution makes the réligió the state religion, so
the cénsórés ought to exercise positive discrimination
("affirmative action", as I believe it is called in
the U.S.) in favour of practitioners of the réligió,
and so if four out of five of their adlections are
non-practitioners they are acting unconstitutionally?
What nonsense! You know it's nonsense as well as I do.
What you really want to say is "this is shameless
partisanship and an attempt to carry out a bloodless
coup, and should therefore be vetoed on those
grounds". You might have an argument there, except of
course that the tribúní plébis of Nova Róma are bound
by a totally unhistorical rule which only allows them
to veto things which are illegal, not things which are
just plain bad. So you have to resort to an extremely
tortuous argument to find the cénsórés' action illegal
so that it can be vetoed. But it's not illegal. It's
perfectly within their legal powers, and within
historical practice. Let's not pretend otherwise.





___________________________________________________________
ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun! http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33107 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Salve M. Hortensia Maior,

The sad state of affairs is what is being "precieved" by these
gentlemen. Perhaps you are entirely correct in your assessment but
they see things a different way in this appointment. As an analogy I
may go to a party and some younger pretty girl may come up and flirt
with me. My wife sees it and others may go up whisper in her ear and
escalate the situation where everyone including my wife thinks theirs
are real affair going on or at least brewing. In my opinion, I think
the elationship between practitoners and non practitoners has been on
rather thin ice for the last 2 years. The particular appointments
here seem to have just reenforced the " precieved fears and concerns
because the lack of religio senators, and past affiliations.

I am not saying you should just stamp a veto; just that the tribunes
should as a group review and discuss this situation which
I "precieve" as very critical. As I indicate things are just
beginning to escalate - ah, Octavius Germanicus just posted. Just
dismissing their concerns out of hand would not be a good move in my
opinion and even the courtesy of a review by the tribunes would be
helpful.

Regards,

Quintus Lanius Paulinus




--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Maior" <rory12001@y...> wrote:
>
> M. Hortensia Maior Q.Lanio Paulino spd;
>
> As the only card-carrying member of the Relgio among the
> ttribunes, I do not see that our Religio is being disestablished.
If
> it were I would sue for treason and my fellow tribunes can vouch
for
> that.
>
> As far as I can tell, Metellus is upset as he's not a pontiff,
> Scaurus has threatened me as a Tribune for not obeying him as a
> pontiff.
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus as tribune tried after the fact to
veto
> an agreement that ex-Senator Drusus voluntarily made. So far as I
> know Drusus still is among us as a pontiff, after taking a
religious
> oath.
>
> Now tell me again why I should veto the adelection of these five
> Senators. Give me specific reasons.
> M. Hortensia Maior TRP
>
>
>
>
> A past tribune for example was
> > ready to stand up and address for one citizen who was facing loss
> of
> > his office and possible banishment. The magistrates in power were
> > also put in by the majority but that did not phase him going to
bat
> > for the fellow.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33108 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
LIES!!!!!

Two senators were selected in 2003!!! As has already been stated!

Gaius Modius Athanasius

In a message dated 1/30/2005 10:49:22 A.M. Eastern Standard Time,
mlcinnyc@... writes:

I stand by my statement that these are the first ADLECTIONS in 2 1/2
years.





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33109 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Metellus is not upset that he is not a Pontifex. He is upset with the
choice of senators! Read his e-mail.

And while you are do follow the Religio...you are Nefas... so in an
ORTHOPRAXIC Republic like Nova Roma... not sure were that leave you.

Gaius Modius Athanasius

In a message dated 1/30/2005 10:51:55 A.M. Eastern Standard Time,
rory12001@... writes:

M. Hortensia Maior Q.Lanio Paulino spd;

As the only card-carrying member of the Relgio among the
ttribunes, I do not see that our Religio is being disestablished. If
it were I would sue for treason and my fellow tribunes can vouch for
that.

As far as I can tell, Metellus is upset as he's not a pontiff,
Scaurus has threatened me as a Tribune for not obeying him as a
pontiff.
Tiberius Galerius Paulinus as tribune tried after the fact to veto
an agreement that ex-Senator Drusus voluntarily made. So far as I
know Drusus still is among us as a pontiff, after taking a religious
oath.

Now tell me again why I should veto the adelection of these five
Senators. Give me specific reasons.
M. Hortensia Maior TRP





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33110 From: Matt Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
> First, after having done some research, I find that the five
citizens > adlected to the Senate are the first new Senators in
> 2 1/2 years.

Two people gained entry to the Senate a month ago - the two
newly-elected Praetores (who happen to be of the same political party
as yesterday's batch).

In December of '03, the Censores, C. Flavius Diocletianus and
myself, appointed two Senators: F. Apulus Caesar and D. Iunius
Silanus. That was thirteen months ago.

Twelve months before that, Censores Diocletianus and Cincinnatus
appointed L. Sicinius Drusus and L. Pompeius Octavianus.

Other new Senators were created during that same time period by
election to the three senior offices: Gn. Equitius Marinus, Gn.
Octavius Noricus, G. Popilius Laenus.

> That's right, 2 1/2 YEARS.

That's simply not true.

> I have absolutely nothing against Antonius in any way shape or form,
> and actually hope that he is adlected, as he has served the res
> publica admirably on many fronts; but to claim partisanship now,
> when one of his closest allies equally neglected to act, sounds a
> little...peevish.

I did not act because it was not yet the appropriate time. The past
appointments had taken place in December, after the election results
had shown how many new Senators there would be due to having won
the senior offices. The Censores then chose new Senatores who had
a diversity of opinion - Sicinius and Pompeius, Apulus and Iunius
were pairs that represented very divergent viewpoints. Perhaps
Sempronia and Bianchius would have been the next such pair if I had
still been in office in December. But when I left in May there
was no reason to prematurely appoint anyone.

Where's the diversity of opinion in this latest batch?

> Why focus on party politics when we should by all accounts
> be working TOGETHER to build the res publica?

Because this was a blatantly partisan act.

> I find this especially
> disturbing coming from at least one citizen who created an entire
> List for the express purpose of working together "Peace"-fully.

Modius has continued to work for peace between the factions. He's
another one who is an outstanding candidate for Senator who was
passed over because he's not of the right party. This is someone
who has actual leadership experience in Pagan organizations, who
maintains friendships with persons in both extremist factions
here - yet because he's not part of the right organization he
was passed over. The Senate was never even given a chance to
nominate him.

M. Octavius Germanicus
Senator
No Longer a Libra
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33111 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
M. Hortensia Maior Quiritibus spd;

Many thanks to Aulus Apollonius Cordus for again supplying us with
the proprer historical perspective. I think we should drop this veto
nonsense right now.

As to you Iulius Scaurus you are indeed "a complete damned fool" and
a bullying one who probably hates the idea that 4 women, Senatrices
have been adelected to the Senate. Now sue my sacrosanct self for
blasphemy;-
M. Hortensia Maior TRP



> Secondly, let's look seriously at this idea that
> adlections should be evenly balanced between different
> political camps. Where has that idea come from? From
> Roman history or political practice? Don't you believe
> it! A Roman would have laughed at the idea. >
> Not only is the idea of even-handed adlections
> historically unfounded, it is also nonsensical to
> anyone with a basic understanding of Roman
> constitutional mechanics.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33112 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Gaius Modius Athanasius Marco Octavio Germanico salutem dicit

Thank you for your kind words.

I created the PeaceNR list as a place were members of the different factions
could come together to try to work out their differences. It appears as if
Nova Roma is becoming a one faction organization; were differing opinion is
viewed as a threat.

I am glad you have left the Libra Alliance. It seems for the very same
reasons I left the Boni.

Valete;

Gaius Modius Athanasius

In a message dated 1/30/2005 11:33:54 A.M. Eastern Standard Time,
hucke@... writes:

> I find this especially
> disturbing coming from at least one citizen who created an entire
> List for the express purpose of working together "Peace"-fully.

Modius has continued to work for peace between the factions. He's
another one who is an outstanding candidate for Senator who was
passed over because he's not of the right party. This is someone
who has actual leadership experience in Pagan organizations, who
maintains friendships with persons in both extremist factions
here - yet because he's not part of the right organization he
was passed over. The Senate was never even given a chance to
nominate him.

M. Octavius Germanicus
Senator
No Longer a Libra





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33113 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: EDICTVM CENSORIVM DE ADLEGENDIS SENATORIBVS
Salve, Gaius Modius Athanasius; salvete, omnes.

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 05:34:20AM -0500, AthanasiosofSpfd@... wrote:
>
> We, the citizens of Nova Roma, have been cheated. We have been cheated
> because politics and political agendas have won.

Let's be clear on this: what you mean because people of politics and
political agendas *other than yours* have won. As for me, I hope that
politics and political agendas will _always_ win in issues involving the
people; the success of *private* agendas in a political arena would be
an unqualified evil.

I would also like to note a trend on this list, for the consideration of
the quirites. It seems that "political" has lately been used as some
sort of an insult here, assumed by default to be dirty and wrong and
evil. I shall point out, with some restraint, that those who hold this
view are smearing not only themselves but also all the citizens of the
res publica - the word *politics* comes from "polloi", the people.


Valete,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Caelum, non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt.
The sky, and not his soul, changes the one who runs across the sea.
-- Horace, "Epistulae"
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33114 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Gaius Modius Athanasius S.P.D.

As a Plebeian, a Pontifex, a Flamen, and an Augur I say we should NOT drop
what you call nonsense!

It is clear to me Maior that you simply don't want to bite the hand that
feeds you.

Gaius Modius Athanasius

In a message dated 1/30/2005 11:36:54 A.M. Eastern Standard Time,
rory12001@... writes:

M. Hortensia Maior Quiritibus spd;

Many thanks to Aulus Apollonius Cordus for again supplying us with
the proprer historical perspective. I think we should drop this veto
nonsense right now.

As to you Iulius Scaurus you are indeed "a complete damned fool" and
a bullying one who probably hates the idea that 4 women, Senatrices
have been adelected to the Senate. Now sue my sacrosanct self for
blasphemy;-
M. Hortensia Maior TRP





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33115 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
Salvete, omnes -

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 08:58:51AM -0500, AthanasiosofSpfd@... wrote:
>
> 2.5 years is a LIE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


"What sort of person," said Salzella patiently, "sits down and writes a maniacal laugh?
And all those exclamation marks, you notice? Five? A sure sign of someone who wears his
underpants on his head."
-- Terry Pratchett, "Maskerade"


Valete,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Dubitando ad veritatem venimus.
We arrive at the truth being sceptical.
-- Pierre Ab�lard, "Sic et non?"
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33116 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
Salvete, omnes -

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 09:51:18AM -0500, Gregory Rose wrote:
> G. Iulius Scaurus Marcae Hortensiae Maiori salutem dicit.
>
> Salve, Marca Hortensia.
>
> Thank you for your pompt reply and for confirming that I was a
> complete damned fool

I agree, totally. And despite the passage of time, nothing seems to have
changed in the least.


Valete,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Qui statuit aliquid parte inaudita altera, aequum licet statuerit.
One who passes sentence on something without having heard the other part isn't
just, even if the sentence is just.
-- Seneca Philosophus, Medea. Cf. "audietur et altera pars."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33117 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
M.Hortensia Maior Gaio Modio Athanasios sd.
you are also an ignorant pontifex, flamen and augur there is
nothing illegal nor is it ahistorical.

I suggest you pick up a book and learn something, your ignorance and
Scaurus's misogyny is a real embarassment to the Religio.

M. Hortensia Maior TRP





>
> As a Plebeian, a Pontifex, a Flamen, and an Augur I say we should
NOT drop
> what you call nonsense!
>
> It is clear to me Maior that you simply don't want to bite the hand
that
> feeds you.
>
> Gaius Modius Athanasius
>
> In a message dated 1/30/2005 11:36:54 A.M. Eastern Standard Time,
> rory12001@y... writes:
>
> M. Hortensia Maior Quiritibus spd;
>
> Many thanks to Aulus Apollonius Cordus for again supplying us with
> the proprer historical perspective. I think we should drop this
veto
> nonsense right now.
>
> As to you Iulius Scaurus you are indeed "a complete damned fool"
and
> a bullying one who probably hates the idea that 4 women,
Senatrices
> have been adelected to the Senate. Now sue my sacrosanct self for
> blasphemy;-
> M. Hortensia Maior TRP
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33118 From: Matt Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A Call to the Tribuni Plebis and The Quirites
> I stand by my statement that these are the first ADLECTIONS in 2 1/2
> years.

Your statement is absolutely false.

F. Apulus Caesar was ADLECTED in December 2003.
He was not elected to any senior magistracy at that time (he was a
new Tribune).

D. Iunius Silanus was ADLECTED in December 2003.
He was not elected to any senior magistracy at that time.

L. Sicinius Drusus was ADLECTED in December 2002.
He had just LOST the race for Praetor.

L. Pompeius Octavianus was ADLECTED in December 2002.
He had been Propraetor for several years and then tribune, he had
never been elected to the Senate.

Two appointments in December, representing a diversity of opinion,
had been the custom for the past two years. It was one that I
intended to continue if I had still been in office in December
2004.

Please stop distorting history.

M. Octavius Germanicus, Senator.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33119 From: Gregory Rose Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
G. Iulius Scaurus A. Apollonio Cordo salutem dicit.

Salve, Corde mi amice.

This is my legal analysis of the problem.

On 28 Jan 2005 at 22:57:05 on the PeaceNR list Censor Marinus replied
to a question from Pontifexs G. Athanasius Modius:

"> I also must confess that I feel that the Religio was very slighted.  How many
> of these senators honor the Gods of Ancient Rome?  One of them?

"I have no idea.  It's not a selection criterion for the Senate."

This is a direct statement from one of the censores that whether the
candidates adlected honoured the Di Immortales is not a selection
criterion for their adlection.

However, Article VI.A. of the Constitution requires:

All magistrates and Senators, as officers of the State, shall be
required to publicly show respect for the Religio Romana and the Gods
and Goddesses that made Rome great. Magistrates, Senators, and
citizens need not be practitioners of the Religio Romana, but may not
engage in any activity that intentionally blasphemes or defames the
Gods, the Religio Romana, or its practitioners.

It is, in my view, a semantic quibble to distinguish between "showing
public respect" and "honouring." What Marinus said was that the
Religio was not a criterion in selecting candidates for adlection, but
the law in the form of the Constitution in VI.A. sets a requirement
that Senators must publicly respect the Religio and the Di Immortales.
This becomes particularly relevant given the wording of Article
IV.A.1.d, which sets out the power of the censores to adlect:

To maintain the album senatorum (list of Senators), including the
power to add and remove names on that list according to qualifications
set by law;

The Constitution sets a legal qualification in Article VI.A. with
respect to the Religio and Censor Marinus said that the Religio is not
a criterion in selecting candidates for adlection. This means that
the adlection took place without reference to "qualifications set by
law".

I argue that Censor Marinus has admitted that the selection of
candidates for adlection to the Senate was done without reference to
the legal qualification set out in VI.A. and therefore violates the
conditional on the censores' authority to adlect in IV.A.1.d, i.e.,
"according to qualifications set by law".

Vale.

Scaurus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33120 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: the membership of the Senate over time
Salve, Tiberius Galerius Paulinus; salvete, omnes.

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:45:31AM -0500, Timothy P. Gallagher wrote:
>
> A quick glance at our archives and a counting of the membership of the Senate
> over time revels this.
>
>
> In 1998 the Senate held 6 members
> In 1999 the Senate held 13 members
> In 2000 the Senate held 22 members
> In 2001 the Senate held 22 members
> In 2002 the Senate held 22 members
> In 2003 the Senate held 24 members
> In 2004 the Senate held 24 members
> In 2005 the Senate held 26 Members
>
> The stability of the Senate, except at the beginning of the Republic , is
> self-evident and this stability in terms of numbers was maintained even when
> individual members (13) would resign an a new person was added.
>
> I hope this puts the sudden addition of five new Senators into better
> perspective for you.

I note, Pauline, that you did not bother to show the _population_ of
Nova Roma at those times. Would you care to make any bets as to the
ratio of senators to the number of citizens overall? I would say,
without even looking at those numbers, that we have a much lower ratio
now than we did in 1998. What makes this evil and that wonderful?


Quirites, the _only_ item of importance here is how well the adlected
Senators will serve the res publica. All the yelling because they are
*not* Boni is - just noise. Worse yet, it's noise motivated by _private_
agendas, intended to overrule by its volume (a favorite Boni tactic of
the past) the will of the people who elected our present Censors with
full knowledge of the powers granted to them.

I'm sorry to see that Marcus Octavius Germanicus has joined his voice to
theirs because his favorite Lacus Magni candidate was not adlected. I
don't know the reasons behind this, despite being an Evil Libra (it sort
of ruins my image of hiding in a dank cavern with other Evil Librae,
cackling in the light of a guttering candle as we plan to destroy Nova
Roma and the Religio, but - sic transit gloria mundi...), but I, for
one, trust the honor of the men I voted for. I would not have voted for
them if I didn't. Now come the Boni, beating their breasts and their
drums, screaming and gouging themselves in public - except they're not,
other than Scaurifying/sacrificing young Metellus on the altar of their
frustrated ambitions - to tell us that our trust in those we elected is
wrong, evil, and misplaced because it doesn't serve *their* political
aims.

Does anyone see anything wrong in this scenario? Or is it simply
yawn-worthy, as yet another flood of Boni mail to swamp our mailboxes?
Quirites, you decide.


Valete,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Dubitando ad veritatem venimus.
We arrive at the truth being sceptical.
-- Pierre Ab�lard, "Sic et non?"
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33121 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: the membership of the Senate over time
Salve Caius Minucius Scaevola


I am not now and never had been a member of the Boni or any other
faction in Nova Roma.

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@c...>
wrote:
> Salve, Tiberius Galerius Paulinus; salvete, omnes.
>
> On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:45:31AM -0500, Timothy P. Gallagher
wrote:
> >
> > A quick glance at our archives and a counting of the membership
of the Senate
> > over time revels this.
> >
> >
> > In 1998 the Senate held 6 members
> > In 1999 the Senate held 13 members
> > In 2000 the Senate held 22 members
> > In 2001 the Senate held 22 members
> > In 2002 the Senate held 22 members
> > In 2003 the Senate held 24 members
> > In 2004 the Senate held 24 members
> > In 2005 the Senate held 26 Members
> >
> > The stability of the Senate, except at the beginning of the
Republic , is
> > self-evident and this stability in terms of numbers was
maintained even when
> > individual members (13) would resign an a new person was added.
> >
> > I hope this puts the sudden addition of five new Senators into
better
> > perspective for you.
>
> I note, Pauline, that you did not bother to show the _population_
of
> Nova Roma at those times. Would you care to make any bets as to the
> ratio of senators to the number of citizens overall? I would say,
> without even looking at those numbers, that we have a much lower
ratio
> now than we did in 1998. What makes this evil and that wonderful?
>
>
> Quirites, the _only_ item of importance here is how well the
adlected
> Senators will serve the res publica. All the yelling because they
are
> *not* Boni is - just noise. Worse yet, it's noise motivated by
_private_
> agendas, intended to overrule by its volume (a favorite Boni
tactic of
> the past) the will of the people who elected our present Censors
with
> full knowledge of the powers granted to them.
>
> I'm sorry to see that Marcus Octavius Germanicus has joined his
voice to
> theirs because his favorite Lacus Magni candidate was not
adlected. I
> don't know the reasons behind this, despite being an Evil Libra
(it sort
> of ruins my image of hiding in a dank cavern with other Evil
Librae,
> cackling in the light of a guttering candle as we plan to destroy
Nova
> Roma and the Religio, but - sic transit gloria mundi...), but I,
for
> one, trust the honor of the men I voted for. I would not have
voted for
> them if I didn't. Now come the Boni, beating their breasts and
their
> drums, screaming and gouging themselves in public - except they're
not,
> other than Scaurifying/sacrificing young Metellus on the altar of
their
> frustrated ambitions - to tell us that our trust in those we
elected is
> wrong, evil, and misplaced because it doesn't serve *their*
political
> aims.
>
> Does anyone see anything wrong in this scenario? Or is it simply
> yawn-worthy, as yet another flood of Boni mail to swamp our
mailboxes?
> Quirites, you decide.
>
>
> Valete,
> Caius Minucius Scaevola
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
=-
> Dubitando ad veritatem venimus.
> We arrive at the truth being sceptical.
> -- Pierre Abélard, "Sic et non?"
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33122 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 04:19:13PM -0000, Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) wrote:
>
> Salve M. Hortensia Maior,
>
> The sad state of affairs is what is being "precieved" by these
> gentlemen. Perhaps you are entirely correct in your assessment but
> they see things a different way in this appointment. As an analogy I
> may go to a party and some younger pretty girl may come up and flirt
> with me. My wife sees it and others may go up whisper in her ear and
> escalate the situation where everyone including my wife thinks theirs
> are real affair going on or at least brewing. In my opinion, I think
> the elationship between practitoners and non practitoners has been on
> rather thin ice for the last 2 years.

And I agree strongly - noting that this shameful state of affairs has
been *solely* due to specific practitioner's attitudes.

Let's face it: we're all here because we feel a connection to Ancient
Rome. The Religio was an inextricable part of AR; therefore, in order to
recreate the best of AR, we must have the Religio. Those who did not
understand that initially - and I must admit in all honesty that I was
one of those - understand it now; in the _very_ worst case, those who
disagree are at least willing to "live and let live", quietly. There are
*no* enemies of the Religio here that I have seen in all my time in Nova
Roma -

*** with the exception of some who dare call themselves practitioners. ***

People like Gaius Iulius Scaurus and L. Sicinius Drusus have done more
damage to the Religio, to its image among the quirites, to its image *in
the world*, since Nova Roma is supposed to be a broad Religio resource,
than any concerted attempt to subvert it possibly could. We have legal
mechanisms - many layers of them - to protect the Religio against
external attacks. We have _none_ against those who would destroy it from
the inside, as the poisonous words of those who are supposed to
represent the Religio among us destroy any confidence in it, any belief
in other than as the toy of those who use it solely to promote their
incoherent vision of a Rome that never was.

*Real* protection for the Religio, to me, means protecting it from those
like the above individuals. Whatever their practice of the Religio
Privata, however close it cleaves to historical practices, their public
representation of their trust has been an example of the worst
partisanship uninfluenced by any cognizance of the Gods. They have
violated oaths made to the Gods; a man who is sacer by his own words and
actions _remains_ a pontifex of Nova Roma. Is this not the ultimate
affront to the Gods?

I shall stop here. I simply have not the words for my disgust at this
betrayal of every kind of trust I can imagine.


Valete, quirites.
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum.
Let him who wishes for peace prepare for war.
-- Vegetius. Also quoted "si vis pacem, para bellum" - if you desire peace, prepare
for war.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33123 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Hortensia Maior:

You need to watch what you say to me. Your attack on my level of knowledge
is unacceptable, and by claiming that I am en embarrassment to the Religio
Romana of Nova Roma because I disagree with senator appointments is rash and
uncalled for.

It is simply true that there were age restrictions in Roma Antiqua.
According to Lex Annalis of (I believe the middle Republic) the age for Queastor was
31, so a man could be a senator at the end of his term which would be 32.
Augustus changed the age to 25.

However, in Nova Roma there are age restrictions on holding some of our
offices. Some of the new senators are not old enough to stand for some of our
magistracies. Nova Roma is no longer in its infancy. In the beginning it
might have been necessary to have senators who are young (ie., early 20s), but
after several years of growth it is no longer critical. There are more people
who are older who are eligible than not. Plus the senate is already fairly
well loaded.

I may not have the vast amounts of knowledge on Roman Law that you posses,
but I am not ignorant and I am not an embarrassment. I believe it is you,
whatever your name is this year, who holds the most potential for embarrassment.

Valete;

Gaius Modius Athanasius

In a message dated 1/30/2005 11:58:04 A.M. Eastern Standard Time,
rory12001@... writes:

M.Hortensia Maior Gaio Modio Athanasios sd.
you are also an ignorant pontifex, flamen and augur there is
nothing illegal nor is it ahistorical.

I suggest you pick up a book and learn something, your ignorance and
Scaurus's misogyny is a real embarassment to the Religio.

M. Hortensia Maior TRP





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33124 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: the membership of the Senate over time
Salve, Tiberius Galerius Paulinus -

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 05:22:04PM -0000, Timothy P. Gallagher wrote:
>
> Salve Caius Minucius Scaevola
>
>
> I am not now and never had been a member of the Boni or any other
> faction in Nova Roma.

Which, by your expressed definition of factions, makes you a faction of
one - meaning that nobody agrees with your position. I was kind enough
not to point this out when you stood for election, but... I do wonder,
if your viewpoint is so narrow that no one else agrees with you, what
benefit you could possibly bring to Nova Roma?

I invite you to consider the term "a man of the people", and perhaps
consider your own position as a lone ranger. Nova Roma needs people who
consider the desires of the majority as magistrates - not people who
hold up, as a proud accomplishment, their ignorance of those desires.


Vale,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Primum est non nocere.
First of all, do no harm.
-- Hippocrates; The maxim has become an ethical guiding principle in medicine.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33125 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: the membership of the Senate over time
Salve Caius Minucius Scaevola

"I do wonder, if your viewpoint is so narrow that no one else agrees with you, what
benefit you could possibly bring to Nova Roma?"

Yee gads I hadn't thought about that way. You are right.

My apologies for wasting everybody's time.



Pax

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus







----- Original Message -----
From: Caius Minucius Scaevola<mailto:ben@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Sunday, January 30, 2005 12:44 PM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: the membership of the Senate over time


Salve, Tiberius Galerius Paulinus -

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 05:22:04PM -0000, Timothy P. Gallagher wrote:
>
> Salve Caius Minucius Scaevola
>
>
> I am not now and never had been a member of the Boni or any other
> faction in Nova Roma.

Which, by your expressed definition of factions, makes you a faction of
one - meaning that nobody agrees with your position. I was kind enough
not to point this out when you stood for election, but... I do wonder,
if your viewpoint is so narrow that no one else agrees with you, what
benefit you could possibly bring to Nova Roma?

I invite you to consider the term "a man of the people", and perhaps
consider your own position as a lone ranger. Nova Roma needs people who
consider the desires of the majority as magistrates - not people who
hold up, as a proud accomplishment, their ignorance of those desires.


Vale,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Primum est non nocere.
First of all, do no harm.
-- Hippocrates; The maxim has become an ethical guiding principle in medicine.


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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33126 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
M. Hortensia Maior. G. Minucio Scaevolae spd;
Salvete Scaevola,

the behavior of these two frauds disgusts me. Do you really think
there would be this hue and cry if Modius or Scaurus were chosen
Senator? No, and I notice not a peep about Senatrix Magna who is a
practicioner.

Meanwhile the Pontiff & Flamen and the Pontiff, Flamen & Augur,
threaten me the one tribune who is an out & out practioner of the
Religio the live-long day.

Luckily I am tough as old boots, but I pray for the day when
Patricia Cassia is a pontiff & worthy women like her!
bene valete in pace deorum
M. Hortensia Maior TRP




> And I agree strongly - noting that this shameful state of affairs
has
> been *solely* due to specific practitioner's attitudes.
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33127 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: the membership of the Senate over time
OSD G. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

OK, I stand corrected, and I apologize for the misinformation
regarding the number of Senators adlected over the past two years. I
was wrong. But I certainly wasn't lying, which presupposes intent to
mislead. I have to learn to read the archives better.

My suggestion that a tribune actually veto this was, by the way,
entirely sarcastic; the Censors have done nothing wrong.

I re-iterate my absolute refusal to allow anything to undermine the
religio publica, and I do not believe that this action does; nor does
the election of several more moderate individuals to various
magistracies. It shows, in fact, that we as a res publica are growing
up and learning how to behave. We are becoming more temperate, more
moderate...

"Virtue is a habit of the mind, consistent with nature and moderation
and reason." - Marcus Tullius Cicero

"The virtue of justice consists in moderation, as regulated by
wisdom." - Aristotle

"The heart is great which shows moderation in the midst of
prosperity." - Lucius Annaeus Seneca

"Those who are too smart to engage in politics are punished by being
governed by those who are dumber." - Plato


Valete bene,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33128 From: Gn. Julius Caesar Cornelianus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
"I suggest you pick up a book and learn something, your ignorance and Scaurus's misogyny is a real embarassment to the Religio."

Maior, first what happened to your olive branch? "Misogyny" is exactly an "olive branch". Secondly, to learning something, here is history:

"The Pompeian party in the Senate strongly resisted this proposal, and a vote was passed that Caesar should disband his army by a fixed date. The tribunes, M. Antonius and Q. Cassius, interposed their veto, which led to considerable disorder." LCL# 39, Caesar: Civil Wars

The tribunes fled to Caesar at Ravenna after the senate pushed its Pompeian agenda. You need not wait for any private citizen to come to you to act. You need not hesitate because the individual is an elected official. It is a concern of some citizens and the least you could do is consider it without casually tossing it aside.

Cornelianus

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around
http://mail.yahoo.com

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33129 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: the membership of the Senate over time
Salve, Tiberius Galerius Paulinus -

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 12:50:13PM -0500, Timothy P. Gallagher wrote:
> Salve Caius Minucius Scaevola
>
> "I do wonder, if your viewpoint is so narrow that no one else agrees with you,
> what
> benefit you could possibly bring to Nova Roma?"
>
> Yee gads I hadn't thought about that way. You are right.

[bows] Glad to have been of service, sir.


Vale,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Honores mutant mores.
The honours change the customs. (Power corrupts.)
-- N/A
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33130 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: On The lighter side.
Anybody watching Pompeii, the last day on the History
Channel tonite?

=====
S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen



__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around
http://mail.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33131 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks. Seriously.
Whats next? A Proscription list tacked to the Rostra?
--- julius_cornelianus@...
<julius_cornelianus@...> wrote:
>
> "I suggest you pick up a book and learn something,
your ignorance and Scaurus's misogyny is a real
embarassment to the Religio."
>
> Maior, first what happened to your olive branch?
"Misogyny" is exactly an "olive branch". Secondly, to
learning something, here is history:
>
> "The Pompeian party in the Senate strongly resisted
this proposal, and a vote was passed that Caesar
should disband his army by a fixed date. The
tribunes, M. Antonius and Q. Cassius, interposed their
veto, which led to considerable disorder." LCL# 39,
Caesar: Civil Wars
>
> The tribunes fled to Caesar at Ravenna after the
senate pushed its Pompeian agenda. You need not wait
for any private citizen to come to you to act. You
need not hesitate because the individual is an elected
official. It is a concern of some citizens and the
least you could do is consider it without casually
tossing it aside.
>
>
Cornelianus
>
> __________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam
protection around
> http://mail.yahoo.com
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been
removed]
>


=====
S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen



__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around
http://mail.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33132 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Salve, Cornelianus; salvete, omnes.

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:10:38AM -0800, Gn. Julius Caesar Cornelianus wrote:
>
> "I suggest you pick up a book and learn something, your ignorance and Scaurus's
> misogyny is a real embarassment to the Religio."
>
> Maior, first what happened to your olive branch? "Misogyny" is exactly an
> "olive branch".

When the olive branch is used as a club to beat the person extending it
about the head and shoulders, even a saint's patience would come to an
end. [dryly] Not, as I believe Marca Hortensia Maior would agree, that
anyone would rush to propose her for sainthood on the basis of her
patience, but the point remains valid.

"Misogyny" may not be a term of approbation, as you note, but it *is*
the precise term for a large part of the reaction we're witnessing. Not
all of it, surely; there _is_ some factional feeling involved - but, in
short, the Boni are terrified of contracting girl cooties. They may lose
all restraint and go shopping for cool shoes and look for sales at
Nordstrom's as a result of rubbing shoulders with those icky females,
and *then* where would we be? I ask you.

[ The End of Nova Roma predicted!!! Film at http://11.0.0.0 !!! ]


Valete,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Vare, legiones redde!
Varus, give me back my legions!
-- Augustus, upon hearing that governor Quintilius Varus and three
legions had been killed in an ambush in the Teutoburger Forest.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33133 From: Q. Caecilius Metellus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Tribune Hortensia,

> As far as I can tell, Metellus is upset as he's not a pontiff,
> Scaurus has threatened me as a Tribune for not obeying him as a
> pontiff.

As far as you can tell, you're damned wrong. The first paragraph from my
explanation to the folks on the Religio list:

"It seems that some feel that my resignation was due to some built up
feelings after not being adlected into the Collegium Pontificium. That's
not true. When I applied, I fairly well knew that I would be rejected, on
the grounds of my age. So when I was informed that I had not been adlected,
I accepted the decision. I trust that the Collegium has always had, and
will continue to have, the interests of the Republic at heart, with respect
to proper worship and honoring of the Gods. I do not question the Collegium
on this, and I have fully accepted their decision."

Don't ever assume to know how I feel about anything without asking.

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33134 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Salve, Marcvs Flavivs Fides; salvete, omnes.

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:21:17AM -0800, raymond fuentes wrote:
> Anybody watching Pompeii, the last day on the History
> Channel tonite?

Sorry, we're all busy watching "Nova Roma, The Last Day" right here.
Me, I'm busy taking bets (what do you mean, "it's not part of a
Diribitor's job"?)

Tip: go _way_ short on the Boni. Good advice for any time, but
especially now.


Valete,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Graeca sunt, non leguntur.
It is Greek, you don't read that.
-- N/A
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33135 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
M. Hortensia Maior Omnibus spd;
Salve Scaevola
LOL....TV Voiceover: "It all started with those innocent doilies
in the Senate House.."

I told you my putting on a toga in New York would announce the End
Times:) Next stop the Rapture!
guys lighten up, oh Scaevola you're in fine form;-)
MarcaHortensia Maior



e're all busy watching "Nova Roma, The Last Day" right here.
> Me, I'm busy taking bets (what do you mean, "it's not part of a
> Diribitor's job"?)
>
> Tip: go _way_ short on the Boni. Good advice for any time, but
> especially now.
>
>
> Valete,
> Caius Minucius Scaevola
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
=-
> Graeca sunt, non leguntur.
> It is Greek, you don't read that.
> -- N/A
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33136 From: Q. Caecilius Metellus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
> Luckily I am tough as old boots

That may be lucky for you, but all it really means is that you're old,
dirty, and need to be thrown away.

Metellus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33137 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Salvete,

Maior wrote:
> I told you my putting on a toga in New York would announce the End
> Times:) Next stop the Rapture!

I'm planning on picking up some really nice cars then, since all of the
Chosen won't need 'em anymore. Want a Cadillac SUV?

-- M
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33138 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
A. Apollónius Cordus C. Júlió Scauró amícó omnibusque
sal.

Ah, I see you've explained your argument publicly as
well as privately. I've already responded privately,
but for the edification of the tribúní plébis I'll
write here a modified form of my private response.

To recap, your argument is roughly this:

- The constitution says (IV.A.1.d) that the cénsórés
must (or may, or are honoured to, because of that
terrible "honors, powers, and obligations" clause)
"maintain the album senatorum (list of Senators),
including the power to add and remove names on that
list according to qualifications set by law".

- The constitution also says (VI.A) that "All
magistrates and Senators, as officers of the State,
shall be required to publicly show respect for the
Religio Romana and the Gods and Goddesses that made
Rome great. Magistrates, Senators, and citizens need
not be practitioners of the Religio Romana, but may
not engage in any activity that intentionally
blasphemes or defames the Gods, the Religio Romana, or
its practitioners."

- The latter statement constitutes a qualification for
magistracy or senatorial status, i.e. in order to
qualify for these one must "show respect for the
Religio Romana and the Gods and Goddesses..." &c.

- Therefore "show[ing] respect for the Religio Romana
and the Gods and Goddesses..." &c. constitutes a
minimum qualification for adlection to the senate and
is one of the "qualifications set by law" mentioned in
IV.A.1.d.

If that's the argument, I really don't think it will
wash. The language of VI.A on any natural reading
clearly means that anyone who is *already* a
magistrate or senator must show respect &c., not that
only people who show respect &c. may become
magistrates or senators. It has never been interpreted
otherwise, and there's no reason to start now.

What's more, even if that part of the argument were
sound, "show[ing] respect" for the réligió and for the
gods is not the same as believing in or worshipping
them, and has never been so interpreted - in fact the
third sentence of VI.A makes that quite clear. I'm not
familiar with any evidence that any of these adléctátí
have failed to show respect for the réligió and the
gods, so they would meet this qualification, if it
were a qualification.

To make this legal argument stick, you have to
radically reinterpret both "shall be required..." (as
"may not be created unless they...") and "...publicly
show respect for" (as "...privately practice and
worship"); and then you're left with the problem that
this excludes non-practitioners from all magistracies
and from the senate.

If you raise this objection against the adlections of
these five senátórés, you must raise it also against
the adlection of Apulus Caesar and Június Silánus,
neither man a worshipper of the gods; and indeed you
must go further to challenge the legality of the
election of all non-practitioner magistrates since the
constitution assumed its present form, including
myself. There is no escape from this - it is the
inevitable consequence of your own chain of logic. So
when shall we be seeing your prosecutions against all
the cénsórés, cónsulés, and tribúní plébis of the last
three or four years on the grounds that they presided
over the illegal adlection and election of non-practitioners?





___________________________________________________________
ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun! http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33139 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
-
> Nah, tacky. Bother, think any of the Chosen drive Bentley's?
Marca Hortensia

> > I told you my putting on a toga in New York would announce the
End
> > Times:) Next stop the Rapture!
>
> I'm planning on picking up some really nice cars then, since all of
the
> Chosen won't need 'em anymore. Want a Cadillac SUV?
>
> -- M
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33140 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: On the recent adlections
Salvete Quirites,

I have finally caught up on reading the message traffic here in the
Nova-Roma mailing list today. Since much of that traffic deals with the
recent adlections announced by me and my colleague, I'll address a few
issues.

First, I endorse Pontifex and Flamen Iulius Scaurus' request for the
Tribunes to examine the legal questions surrounding the adlections.
Rather than see this mailing list deluged with wild and inaccurate
speculations it would be much better for the Tribunes to examine the
questions and then report to the Quirites. The Tribunes may consider me
available to answer any questions with respect to the adlections that
they wish to ask.

Second, some have voiced concerns about the number of Senators adlected.
While five is higher than past practice, four has been fairly common
and we did just remove one senator for cause. Even with these five
adlections, the ratio of senators to citizens is still lower than it was
throughout most of Nova Roma's history.

Third, some have raised questions of youth. Since there is no
constitutional or statutory minimum age requirement for membership in
the Senate, this seems a bit pointless, but I do acknowledge that in
Roma Antiqua "senate" meant "seniors" and senators were, in general, men
of some age and experience. Our current senate has an unfortunately
large number of members who have, for whatever reason, become largely
uninvolved in Nova Roma other than for (usually) casting their vote in
the Senate. Perhaps an infusion of youthful vigor and enthusiasm will
improve the Senate as a deliberative body.

Fourth, some have addressed questions about other candidates, perhaps
more qualified. We began this adlection process with a list of 25 fully
qualified candidates, and selected from that list sufficient to bring us
to 30 Senators, with several additional candidates on a short list to be
added once we're sure all or our incorporating documents filed with the
state of Maine will permit us going over the limit of 30. I can not in
good conscience propose to adlect all 20 of the remaining fully
qualified candidates, but I will work with my colleague to bring in a
few more of the most highly qualified.

I do not intend to debate or dispute with anyone other than the
Tribunes, who are charged under our Constitution with insuring that
things are done according to law. I am, however, quite willing to
answer the honest questions of all Quirites.

Please appreciate that both my colleague Censor Quintilianus and I are
busy with offline activities today, and may not be able to answer e-mail
immediately. I will make an effort to check back every few hours to
check for messages from Tribunes, and will answer those first.

Valete Quirites,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33141 From: quintuscassiuscalvus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@c...>
wrote:
> Salve, Marcvs Flavivs Fides; salvete, omnes.
>
> On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:21:17AM -0800, raymond fuentes wrote:
> > Anybody watching Pompeii, the last day on the History
> > Channel tonite?
>
> Sorry, we're all busy watching "Nova Roma, The Last Day" right
here.
> Me, I'm busy taking bets (what do you mean, "it's not part of a
> Diribitor's job"?)

What's the over/under?

--Calvus
Carpe Iugulum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33142 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On the Lighter Side (wasPolitical Affiliation of the Senate )
Ouch, catty, those girl-cooties act fast!
Aren't there any nice Quakers out there that you can harass;-)
M. Hortensia Maior

- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Q. Caecilius Metellus"
<postumianus@g...> wrote:
> > Luckily I am tough as old boots
>
> That may be lucky for you, but all it really means is that you're
old,
> dirty, and need to be thrown away.
>
> Metellus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33143 From: Matt Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On the recent adlections
> We began this adlection process with a list of 25 fully
> qualified candidates, and selected from that list sufficient
> to bring us to 30 Senators, with several additional candidates
> on a short list to be added once we're sure all or our
> incorporating documents filed with the state of Maine will permit
> us going over the limit of 30.

Are you saying that there is potentially a limit of thirty Senatores?

If so, and if this limit is not easily overcome, then this mass
adlection is doubly disturbing. You haven't just flooded the Senate
with marginal appointees; you've created a situation in which next
year's newly elected senior magistrates would be unable to assume
their positions unless someone is kicked out to make room! And
what of next year's Censores - will they be able to appoint
anyone at all?

Not only have you passed up qualified and experienced candidates
in favor of obedient youngsters, you might have endangered any
hope that they had of getting into the Senate at all.

M. Octavius Germanicus
Senator (for whatever that's worth)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33144 From: Gregory Rose Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
G. Iulius Scaurus A. Apollonio Cordo salutem dicit.

Salve, Corde mi amice.

I know I sent this to you privately, but if we're eddifying the
populus, I'll repeat it for them :-).

I am not contending that senatores must be practitioners (although I
would support changing the constitution makng it so).  I am contending
that VI.A. sets a condition which must be fulfilled before a candidate
is qualified to be a senator, a condition similar to the citizenship
requirement, namely that the candidate dhow no public disrespect to
the Religio nor advocate its disestablishment as the state religion.
What Marinus said was that the Religio played no role in the
adlections.  I am not demanding that the private views of candidates
for adlection be vetted or that they must be practitioners, but rather
that the censores follow the Constitution and ensure that none of the
candidates have violated VI.A.before adlecting.  Marinus said that
this was not done and that no consideration of the Religio was taken
whatsoever in the selection of candidates for adlection.  I think that
violates the plain meaning of the "qualification by law" clause and
VI.A. None of the previous censores have ever publicly denied
determining that a candidate for adlection was qualified under
VI.A.before adlecting that candidate, so I am not rraising it
regarding any other adlection.

Vale.

Scaurus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33145 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Salvete,
I should probably leave this alone but, I can't. My personal feelings lean toward those of the Boni. I do not believe them to be women haters and I feel that the real point is missed when charges like that get tossed around. in this modern age the reconstruction of Roman anything is going to be tricky. First of all women in Ancient Rome were in a completely different sphere than the men. Everyone must admit that. Secondly, the women who were praised or held in high esteem are the women that played the hand the men dealt them, played it well, and then won. Those women would not stand up and shout for women's rights. The thought would not have occurred to them. They were happily ruling in their own sphere.
Understanding the ancient mind is a very hard thing to do from a modern perspective. I'm trying and I will continue to try.
As an end note I don't think the Boni or the Roman men of history are terrified of 'girl cooties'. There is simply a proper place and time for everything.
Valete,
Servia Iulia Caesaris Metelliana
----- Original Message -----
From: Caius Minucius Scaevola
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, January 30, 2005 1:28 PM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: Get a grip, folks


Salve, Cornelianus; salvete, omnes.

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:10:38AM -0800, Gn. Julius Caesar Cornelianus wrote:
>
> "I suggest you pick up a book and learn something, your ignorance and Scaurus's
> misogyny is a real embarassment to the Religio."
>
> Maior, first what happened to your olive branch? "Misogyny" is exactly an
> "olive branch".

When the olive branch is used as a club to beat the person extending it
about the head and shoulders, even a saint's patience would come to an
end. [dryly] Not, as I believe Marca Hortensia Maior would agree, that
anyone would rush to propose her for sainthood on the basis of her
patience, but the point remains valid.

"Misogyny" may not be a term of approbation, as you note, but it *is*
the precise term for a large part of the reaction we're witnessing. Not
all of it, surely; there _is_ some factional feeling involved - but, in
short, the Boni are terrified of contracting girl cooties. They may lose
all restraint and go shopping for cool shoes and look for sales at
Nordstrom's as a result of rubbing shoulders with those icky females,
and *then* where would we be? I ask you.

[ The End of Nova Roma predicted!!! Film at http://11.0.0.0 !!! ]


Valete,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Vare, legiones redde!
Varus, give me back my legions!
-- Augustus, upon hearing that governor Quintilius Varus and three
legions had been killed in an ambush in the Teutoburger Forest.


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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33146 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On the recent adlections
Salve Marce Octavi, et salvete Quirites,

Marcus Octavius Germanicus asked:

> Are you saying that there is potentially a limit of thirty Senatores?

Under the original charter there is*. Forseeing this problem we filed
an amendment to raise that limit to either 50 (if a specific number is
required) or 'indefinite' if no number is required, late last year.
Once we know for sure that the limit has been raised in the official
documents the Consuls will inform the Senate. This should allow for
several more years of new senators. However there remains a need for
the Comitia to review the criteria currently established for senate
eligibility.

Vale,

-- Marinus

* The specified limit of 30 is to the size of the Board of Directors.
In principle the BoD could be detatched from the Senate, allowing more
Senators than Board members. But for now the Constitution specifies
that the Senate is the BoD.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33147 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Salve, Quintus Cassius Calvus!

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 07:16:16PM -0000, Quintus Cassius Calvus wrote:
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@c...>
> wrote:
> > Salve, Marcvs Flavivs Fides; salvete, omnes.
> >
> > On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:21:17AM -0800, raymond fuentes wrote:
> > > Anybody watching Pompeii, the last day on the History
> > > Channel tonite?
> >
> > Sorry, we're all busy watching "Nova Roma, The Last Day" right
> here.
> > Me, I'm busy taking bets (what do you mean, "it's not part of a
> > Diribitor's job"?)
>
> What's the over/under?

Now, now. It's too early for side scoring yet; I'm still trying to
figure how to rate the "it's already happened" for the Boni and the
"infinity minus epsilon to one" for everybody else.

Tell y'all what - you just send me all the money you want to put on
this, and I'll, uh, let you know what happens eventually, right?
Hopefully, some Brazilian ISP will have a wireless access point at the
beach...

> --Calvus
> Carpe Iugulum

[snicker] I have almost the entire pTerry collection aboard. But... yes,
wonderfully apropos.


Vale,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Claris maiorum exemplis.
After the forefathers' brilliant example.
-- Part of the inscription on the House of Nobility, Riddarhuset, in Stockholm.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33148 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Praetors???
Salve Romans

Has anybody seen/heard from our praetors? I have business with their office and they seem to have taken the phone off the hook?


Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33149 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Ye Gods! I cant stop laughing!
--- postumianus@... <postumianus@...> wrote:
> > Luckily I am tough as old boots
>
> That may be lucky for you, but all it really means
is that you're old,
> dirty, and need to be thrown away.
>
> Metellus
>


=====
S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen



__________________________________________________
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33150 From: Bill Gawne Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Gn. Equitius Marinus Gn. Iulius Caesar SPD:

Salve Gnae Iuli,

Your filia familia, Servia Iulia Caesaris Metelliana, addressed us:

immaculo@... wrote:
>
> Salvete,
> I should probably leave this alone but, I can't. [..]
> Secondly, the women who were praised or held in high esteem are the
> women that played the hand the men dealt them, played it well, and
> then won. Those women would not stand up and shout for women's rights.

Would you be good enough, Gnae Iuli, as to instruct your filia familia
in the proper conduct befitting her place in society? If she wishes to
engage in discourse with anyone outside your familia, we shall require
your permission to address her directly on each specific occassion.

Vale,

--
Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33151 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks. Seriously.
Like Promethus we are bound, chained to this rock of a
brave new world, lest the Gods forsaken us.
--- richmal@... <richmal@...> wrote:
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, raymond fuentes
> <praefectus2324@y...> wrote:
> > Whats next? A Proscription list tacked to the
Rostra?
>
> Followed by heads....
>
> -- Calvus
>
>
>


=====
S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen





__________________________________
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33152 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
OSD G. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

uhhhh....I don't drive. Will there be any cabbies Left Behind?

Valete,

Cato

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Maior" <rory12001@y...> wrote:
>
> -
> > Nah, tacky. Bother, think any of the Chosen drive Bentley's?
> Marca Hortensia
>
> > > I told you my putting on a toga in New York would announce the
> End
> > > Times:) Next stop the Rapture!
> >
> > I'm planning on picking up some really nice cars then, since all of
> the
> > Chosen won't need 'em anymore. Want a Cadillac SUV?
> >
> > -- M
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33153 From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Salve Marine

I am content for those members of my familia who wish to engage in
discussions on any forum or topic to do so. Anyone may feel free to
reply directly to those who do so, or not as the case may be.

Vale
Gnaeus Iulius Caesar

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Bill Gawne <gawne@c...> wrote:
> Gn. Equitius Marinus Gn. Iulius Caesar SPD:
>
> Salve Gnae Iuli,
>
> Your filia familia, Servia Iulia Caesaris Metelliana, addressed us:
>
> immaculo@b... wrote:
> >
> > Salvete,
> > I should probably leave this alone but, I can't. [..]
> > Secondly, the women who were praised or held in high esteem are
the
> > women that played the hand the men dealt them, played it well,
and
> > then won. Those women would not stand up and shout for women's
rights.
>
> Would you be good enough, Gnae Iuli, as to instruct your filia
familia
> in the proper conduct befitting her place in society? If she
wishes to
> engage in discourse with anyone outside your familia, we shall
require
> your permission to address her directly on each specific occassion.
>
> Vale,
>
> --
> Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33154 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Gaius Modius Athanasius S.P.D.

NO ONE in Gens Modia emancipated themselves. They supported me as their
Pater Familias, and for that I am very honored. However, I KNEW it would cause
them problems.

I emancipated everyone in Gens Modia, without their knowledge. Why because
I knew that if I did not do so, then it would be used against them -- just as
it was used against Servia Iulia Caesaris Metelliana. I did not want them
insulted or demeaned because they were simply loyal to the Gens, and because
they valued my friendship.

I am very disappointed that Consul Marinus was the first person to act in
the way he did below. So very disappointed.

Valete;

Gaius Modius Athanasius

In a message dated 1/30/2005 3:38:52 P.M. Eastern Standard Time,
gawne@... writes:

Gn. Equitius Marinus Gn. Iulius Caesar SPD:

Salve Gnae Iuli,

Your filia familia, Servia Iulia Caesaris Metelliana, addressed us:

immaculo@... wrote:
>
> Salvete,
> I should probably leave this alone but, I can't. [..]
> Secondly, the women who were praised or held in high esteem are the
> women that played the hand the men dealt them, played it well, and
> then won. Those women would not stand up and shout for women's rights.

Would you be good enough, Gnae Iuli, as to instruct your filia familia
in the proper conduct befitting her place in society? If she wishes to
engage in discourse with anyone outside your familia, we shall require
your permission to address her directly on each specific occassion.

Vale,

--
Gnaeus Equitius Marinus





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33155 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
First of all women in Ancient Rome were in a completely different
sphere than the men. Everyone must admit that. Secondly, the women
who were praised or held in high esteem are the women that played the
hand the men dealt them, played it well, and then won. Those women
would not stand up and shout for women's rights. The thought would
not have occurred to them. They were happily ruling in their own
sphere.

M. Hortensia Maior S. Iuiae Caearis Metellianae;
Salve;

Well I don't admit that at all, in fact I don't know who told you
this but your assumptions are entirely incorrect.

Please do read M. Porcius Cato's speech about the Roman women running
around in the streets lobbying the tribunes to end the Oppidian Law.
here is the url for your and everyone's enjoyment and edification:
http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/ah/Livy
Livy "The History of Rome" Book 34.
This had Cato in a tizzy saying:
"What they really want is unrestricted freedom," 34.2 "From the
moment they become your fellows they will become your masters." 34.3

And a nice discussion of women from "Pandora's Daughter's" by Eve
Cantarella;
"The literature presents figures of women quite different from the
ancient matronae: women who show off their education by speaking
Greek in public (Juv. 1.185.91), who go to public baths (6.419 ff)
who train to fight (1.23) or hunt (1.247), who drink wine (Mart.
7.67)... who divorce as often as they wish...Despite the prohibition
on women postulare pro aliis -to plead on other's behalf - we have
mention of a a woman lawyer, a certain Afrania, wife of the Senator
Licinius Buccio. Another woman, Hortensia, daughter of the famous
orator Q. Hortensius Hortalus, in 42 B.C. delivered an oration before
the triumvirs." p. 141

Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, Fannia, Arria, Fulvia were not
unpolitical women by any means.

They also ran about getting abortions provided by the temple to Bon
Dea and doing goodness knows what in the lucus of Stimulae during the
scandal of the Bacchanalia in 331 B.C

I think you are confusing Christian, really Pauline mores with Pagan
ones, but please do join us at the yahoogroup conventusmatronarum
to find out more about Roman women, it's an excellent group!

optime vale
M. Hortensia Maior TRP
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33156 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Nope, cabbies are definitely the Chosen.
but all the chauffeurs will be Left Behind!
M. Hortensia
>
Salvete omnes!
>
> uhhhh....I don't drive. Will there be any cabbies Left Behind?
>
> Valete,
>
> Cato
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Maior" <rory12001@y...> wrote:
> >
> > -
> > > Nah, tacky. Bother, think any of the Chosen drive Bentley's?
> > Marca Hortensia
> >
> > > > I told you my putting on a toga in New York would announce
the
> > End
> > > > Times:) Next stop the Rapture!
> > >
> > > I'm planning on picking up some really nice cars then, since
all of
> > the
> > > Chosen won't need 'em anymore. Want a Cadillac SUV?
> > >
> > > -- M
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33157 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
G. Equitius Cato S. Iuliae Caesari Metellianae S.P.D.

Salve Iuliua Metelliana.

You wrote:

"First of all women in Ancient Rome were in a completely different
sphere than the men. Everyone must admit that. Secondly, the women
who were praised or held in high esteem are the women that played the
hand the men dealt them, played it well, and then won. Those women
would not stand up and shout for women's rights. The thought would
not have occurred to them. They were happily ruling in their own
sphere."

BUT the ancients wrote:

"The triumvirs addressed the people on this subject and published an
edict requiring 1400 of the richest women to make a valuation of their
property, and to furnish for the service of the war such portion as
triumvirs should require from each. It was provided further that if
any should conceal their property or make a false valuation they
should be fined, and that rewards should be given to informers,
whether free persons or slaves. The women resolved to beseech the
women-folk of the triumvirs. With the sister of Octavian and the
mother of Antony they did not fail, but they were repulsed from the
doors of Fulvia, the wife of Antony, whose rudeness they could scarce
endure. They then forced their way to the tribunal of the triumvirs in
the forum, the people and the guards dividing to let them pass. There,
through the mouth of Hortensia, whom they had selected to speak, they
spoke as follows: "As befitted women of our rank addressing a petition
to you, we had recourse to the ladies of your households; but having
been treated as did not befit us, at the hands of Fulvia, we have been
driven by her to the forum. You have already deprived us of our
fathers, our sons, our husbands, and our brothers, whom you accused of
having wronged you; if you take away our property also, you reduce us
to a condition unbecoming our birth, our manners, our sex. If we have
done you wrong, as you say our husbands have, proscribe us as you do
them. But if we women have not voted any of you public enemies, have
not torn down your houses, destroyed your army, or led another one
against you; if we have not hindered you in obtaining offices and
honours,— why do we share the penalty when we did not share the
guilt?

As was proper for women of our rank petitioning you for something, we
addressed your women. But Fulvia's rudeness has driven us here. As
relatives of those whom you proscribed, we have already lost our
menfolk. If you also strip us of our property you will diminish our
status. If we have wronged you, proscribe us. But if we have not voted
you public enemies nor destroyed your houses, nor led an enemy against
you, nor prevented you from gaining offices or honors, why should we
share the penalty when we have no part in the honors? Why should we
pay taxes when we have no part in the honors, the commands, the policy
making? 'Because there's a war on', you say. But when have there not
been wars and when have women ever been taxed? Our mothers contributed
when you faced the loss of the Empire in the Second Punic War, but
they funded their contributions from their jewelry and on a voluntary
basis, not from their property or dowries. We will gladly contribute
to war with the Gauls or Parthians, but NOT to civil war. We did not
contribute to either Caesar or Pompey, nor did Marius or Cinna tax us,
or even Sulla!" - Appian, The Civil Wars IV.32, 33

"The matrons whom neither counsel nor shame nor their husbands' orders
could keep at home, blockaded every street in the city and every
entrance to the Forum. As the men came down to the Forum, the matrons
besought them to let them, too, have back the luxuries they had
enjoyed before, giving as their reason that the republic was thriving
and that everyone's private wealth was increasing with every day. This
crowd of women was growing daily, for now they were even gathering
from the towns and villages. Before long they dared go up and solicit
consuls, praetors, and other magistrates...When the speeches for and
against the law had been made, a considerably larger crowd of women
poured forth in public the next day; as a single body they besieged
the doors of the tribunes, who were vetoing their colleagues' motion,
and they did not stop until the tribunes took back their veto. After
that there was no doubt that all the tribes would repeal the law." -
Livy, History of Rome 34.1-8 [ed.]

This is not the scene you paint of women being quietly submissive.
This is EXACTLY the scene of women standing up and shouting in the
public Forum when they felt they were being abused --- in this case by
the Oppian Law. A specific instance at a specific time and place,
yes, but also a very clear indication that women were not always
simply "happy...in their own sphere". Should we Nova Romans expect
anything less from our women? I hope not.

Vale bene,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33158 From: Bill Gawne Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Salve Gai Modi,

AthanasiosofSpfd@... wrote:

> I am very disappointed that Consul Marinus was the first person to act in
> the way he did below. So very disappointed.

Perhaps you don't appreciate that by engaging in conversation with an
alieni iuris filia familia of Gn. Iulius Caesar I could be in violation
of the law. I was not insulting his daughter. I was honoring his patria
potestas while making everyone else aware of her status.

(And it's Censor now.)

Vale,

--
Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33159 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Salve, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar; salvete, omnes.

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 08:45:22PM -0000, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar wrote:
>
> Salve Marine
>
> I am content for those members of my familia who wish to engage in
> discussions on any forum or topic to do so. Anyone may feel free to
> reply directly to those who do so, or not as the case may be.

The highly amusing point in Marinus' reply - which may, perhaps, have
been a bit subtle (and thus, to me, all the more amusing) - was that, if
your filia truly does believe in the things that she stated, her voice
should never have been heard in regard to this topic or on this list.
According to her, women should know their place - and that place was
decreed by the Mos Maiorum, and should remain so (an opinion I do not
share, to say the least.) Very well, then... this has been a discussion
among men about politics. The Mos is fairly explicit about the women's
place in the sphere of politics - i.e., they do not belong in it or
anywhere near it.

Respecting her opinion (another non-Mos-inspired action, but then I'm
one of those awful Libra people of whom that may be expected), it seems
to me, calls for either your silencing her as she has indicated she
would desire, or explaining to her the logical confusion of her
statement. I, in a shocking departure from the Mos, favor the latter
option... but that is, of course - by law and custom - up to you.


Vale,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Acta est fabula, plaudite!
The play is over, applaud!
-- Suetonius, "Vitae Caesarum". Said to have been emperor Augustus' last words.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33160 From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Salve.

I have no idea who you are and what your position in society is.

When I have established that you are sui iuris, and in the remote
event that you ever have something noteworthy to say in this forum,
I may expend the energy in replying to you.

Vale
Gnaeus Iulius Caesar

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@c...>
wrote:
> Salve, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar; salvete, omnes.
>
> On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 08:45:22PM -0000, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar
wrote:
> >
> > Salve Marine
> >
> > I am content for those members of my familia who wish to engage
in
> > discussions on any forum or topic to do so. Anyone may feel free
to
> > reply directly to those who do so, or not as the case may be.
>
> The highly amusing point in Marinus' reply - which may, perhaps,
have
> been a bit subtle (and thus, to me, all the more amusing) - was
that, if
> your filia truly does believe in the things that she stated, her
voice
> should never have been heard in regard to this topic or on this
list.
> According to her, women should know their place - and that place
was
> decreed by the Mos Maiorum, and should remain so (an opinion I do
not
> share, to say the least.) Very well, then... this has been a
discussion
> among men about politics. The Mos is fairly explicit about the
women's
> place in the sphere of politics - i.e., they do not belong in it or
> anywhere near it.
>
> Respecting her opinion (another non-Mos-inspired action, but then
I'm
> one of those awful Libra people of whom that may be expected), it
seems
> to me, calls for either your silencing her as she has indicated she
> would desire, or explaining to her the logical confusion of her
> statement. I, in a shocking departure from the Mos, favor the
latter
> option... but that is, of course - by law and custom - up to you.
>
>
> Vale,
> Caius Minucius Scaevola
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
=-
> Acta est fabula, plaudite!
> The play is over, applaud!
> -- Suetonius, "Vitae Caesarum". Said to have been emperor
Augustus' last words.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33161 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Salve, Gaius Modius -

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 03:51:32PM -0500, AthanasiosofSpfd@... wrote:
>
> Gaius Modius Athanasius S.P.D.
>
> NO ONE in Gens Modia emancipated themselves. They supported me as their
> Pater Familias, and for that I am very honored. However, I KNEW it would
> cause
> them problems.
>
> I emancipated everyone in Gens Modia, without their knowledge. Why because
> I knew that if I did not do so, then it would be used against them -- just as
> it was used against Servia Iulia Caesaris Metelliana. I did not want them
> insulted or demeaned because they were simply loyal to the Gens, and because
> they valued my friendship.
>
> I am very disappointed that Consul Marinus was the first person to act in
> the way he did below. So very disappointed.

Disappointed... that he acted according to ancient practice and custom,
as well as the law as voted by the cives of Nova Roma *and* affirmed by
the actions of the unemancipated person under discussion? Gai Modi, I
cannot imagine the basis of your disappointment. All of the actions that
led to this point were voluntary ones by the person involved; she has
even *said* that she believes in the subservient station of women as
their proper position in her last post to this forum.

Whence, to put it plainly, your gripe? In the fact that Marinus obeyed
all law and custom? I fail to see your point.


Vale,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Epistula non erubescit.
A letter doesn't blush.
-- Cicero, "Epistulae ad familiares"
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33162 From: Bill Gawne Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Salve Gai Iuli,

Gregory Rose wrote:

> What Marinus said was that the Religio played no role in the
> adlections.

Shall I assume that you now support the idea of all statements made
by officers of the state in any place carrying official force? The
last time I checked the Peace_NR mailing list was a private list
established by G. Modius for the purpose of encouraging frank discussion
of difficult issues.

If you are of this persuasion, I'll admit to giving the idea some
merit. I've thought for a long time that the officers of Nova Roma
ought to be held accountable for their statements regardless of where
they're made. The records from several private e-mail lists would
make interesting evidence before a Praetor's court. Fortunately for
the cause of Justice, no past conversations could be introduced as
evidence of wrongdoing because of the ex post facto exclusion of the
Lex Equitia Galeria de Legibus ex post factis.

As for the specific words I used, you're misquoting. Perhaps you
should be more careful with your attributions.

Vale,

--
Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33163 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Salve,

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 09:20:33PM -0000, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar wrote:
>
> Salve.
>
> I have no idea who you are and what your position in society is.

That you have no idea of many things, including that, comes as no
suprise whatsoever.

> When I have established that you are sui iuris, and in the remote
> event that you ever have something noteworthy to say in this forum,
> I may expend the energy in replying to you.

Don't bother, since you have said nothing of any possible value so far;
this is, again, unsurprising. Based on previous history, you lack the
capability.


Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Dubitando ad veritatem venimus.
We arrive at the truth being sceptical.
-- Pierre Ab�lard, "Sic et non?"
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33164 From: Bill Gawne Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Status of C. Minucius Scaevola
Salve Gnae Iuli,

Gnaeus Iulius Caesar wrote:

[addressing C. Minucius Scaevola]

> When I have established that you are sui iuris, [...]

Scaevola is sui iuris. He is an elected Diribitor, and thus sui
iuris by virtue of election. Additionally, I can confirm his
previous emancipation by M. Minucius-Tiberius.

Vale,

--
Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33165 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On the Lighter Side (Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nov
Salve;
I feel just like Betty Davis in that nifty film
"All about Eve"
"fasten your seatbelts; it's going to be a bumpey rihde!"
lol,
M. Hortensia Maior TRP

raymond fuentes <praefectus2324@y...> wrote:
> Ye Gods! I cant stop laughing!
> --- postumianus@g... <postumianus@g...> wrote:
> > > Luckily I am tough as old boots
> >
> > That may be lucky for you, but all it really means
> is that you're old,
> > dirty, and need to be thrown away.
> >
> > Metellus
> >
>
>
> =====
> S P Q R
>
> Fidelis Ad Mortem.
>
> Marcvs Flavivs Fides
> Roman Citizen
>
>
>
> __________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around
> http://mail.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33166 From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Salve.

You appear to think I should have noticed you? I see to reason to
form that opinion.

I shall indeed not notice you any further. You need not have
requested it though, that much was a given.

Vale
Caesar


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@c...>
wrote:
> Salve,
>
> On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 09:20:33PM -0000, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar
wrote:
> >
> > Salve.
> >
> > I have no idea who you are and what your position in society is.
>
> That you have no idea of many things, including that, comes as no
> suprise whatsoever.
>
> > When I have established that you are sui iuris, and in the remote
> > event that you ever have something noteworthy to say in this
forum,
> > I may expend the energy in replying to you.
>
> Don't bother, since you have said nothing of any possible value so
far;
> this is, again, unsurprising. Based on previous history, you lack
the
> capability.
>
>
> Caius Minucius Scaevola
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
=-
> Dubitando ad veritatem venimus.
> We arrive at the truth being sceptical.
> -- Pierre Abélard, "Sic et non?"
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33167 From: Gnaeus Salvius Astur Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: On new senators and the enemies of the Religio Romana
CN·SALVIVS·QVIRITIBVS·S·P·D

S·V·B·E·E·V

I have not addresses the People on this forum for a long time, and I
see with dismay that some things have not changed -- and some have
become worse -- in that time, but I would like to share a few ideas
with you.

I would like to first comment about the new members of the Senate.

I have read somewhere that those magistrates that have shown
dedication to the Res Publica may be called to serve in the Senate,
for their experience is considered valuable there. And when I saw the
list of new senators presented by the censors, I could not help but
agree in that each of them had certainly done more than enough to
deserve that honour.

M'. Constantinus Serapio's work in Italia has been absolutely
outstanding, as has been Gaia Fabia Livia's in Britannia and Julilla
Sempronia Magna's... I only wish other provinces would be blessed with
such hard-working and dedicated officials. Emilia Curia Finnica's work
as aedilis plebis, as official in Thule and in the Academia certainly
qualifies her for such a position. And Pompeia Strabo probably should
have been adlected to the Senate a long time ago.

I have read that some consider that five new senators are too many to
be incorporated at once. Those very same also claim that others should
have been adlected as well (or perhaps "instead"). But those seem
merely personal opinions to me, as valid as anyone else's.

The People elected two censors to decide, according to the Mos
Majorum, who should serve in the Senate. The five new senators they
selected all deserve the honour. The rest is merely empty air.

Others have called upon the tribuni plebis to veto this adlection as
illegal. I can't speak for the current tribuni plebis, and, unlike
others, I will not tell them what they should do. I do remember,
though, the time when *I* was a tribunus plebis. And I can tell you
that *I* would not have vetoed this action.

Some still oppose this adlection because it will increase the number
of senators of a certain political tendency. But it is not the duty of
the Senate to equally represent all political tendencies. The Senate
is to be the reservoir of the experience of past magistrates, to help
and guide current magistrates in their duties. What we have to judge
is whether these new senators will be valuable additions to that
reservoir of experience. In my opinion, they are.

And if we want to speak about bodies clutchered with representatives
from a single political tendency, and bodies that self-appoint new
members, thus perpetuating the very same political tendency regardless
of the will of the People expressed through the Comitia, then it is
not on the Senate where we should set our eyes, for there are much
better examples within this very Res Publica.

Finally, some people claim that these new senators should not be
adlected because they are not "practitioners" of the Religio Romana,
and are therefore a danger to its continued existence. I would like to
discuss this proposition at some length, with your permission.

First of all, I don't think that the differentiation between
"practitioners" and "non-practitioners" is pertinent.

One can make two wide distinctions within the Religio Romana: the
Sacra Publica -- that is, the rites performed on behalf of the State
-- and the Sacra Privata -- that is, the rites performed on behalf of
each household. Roman tradition holds that every paterfamilias is the
highest priest of the Sacra Privata of his domus, so, frankly, it is
nobody's business what rites each household may follow. Those who know
better the Mos Majorum should make every effort to offer their help in
practicing the Sacra Privata according to what we could consider
"Roman Tradition", should that help be requested, but no one should
point towards other person and say: "there you have someone who does
not practice the household rites properly". That is *not* the Roman
way.

As for the Sacra Publica, we have priests that should be performing
those rites prescribed by Roman Tradition on behalf of all of us.

So, unless one is a priest, it is impossible to define whether one is
a "practitioner" of the Religio Romana or not.

It is of course true that some rites should be performed by
magistrates, and that they should be, to a certain extent, "priests"
of a certain sort. But so far we have legally required neither our
magistrates nor our priests to perform those religious duties, so that
point is simply moot.

But even if one should accept the kind of definition of a
"practitioner" of the Religio Romana some apparently apply to
themselves, it does not follow logically that non-practitioners should
be a danger to the Religio Romana. In fact, the Senate of Nova Roma
has always had "non-practitioners" and, according to the extremist
definition some of these ladies and gentlemen seem to apply, I would
dare to say that even the Senate of Ancient Rome was full up with
"non-practitioners".

The truth is that, to this very same day, the Religio Romana has no
enemies within Nova Roma. No one wants to destroy it. There is no
secret plan to transform Nova Roma into a, say, shintoist Res Publica.

Maybe some self-appointed "practitioners" should spend more time
actually performing the rites of the Religio Romana, and less time
developing paranoid complexes towards "non-practitioners".

That was certainly a lot of writing... I hope that you are not too
bored, and that some of this makes some sense to you. ;-)

Thank you for your attention.

BENE·VALETE·VOS·VESTRIQVE·OMNES

CN·SALVIVS·T·F·A·NEP·OVF·ASTVR·SCRIPSIT
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33168 From: Gnaeus Salvius Astur Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: New nomen
CN·SALVIVS·QVIRITIBVS·S·P·D

S·V·B·E·E·V

I would like to inform all of you that, in order to bring my name
closer to the traditions of our ancestors, I have requested a change
of nomen to a historically correct one, and that petition has been
granted by the censores. Form now on, I shall be officially known as
Gnaeus Salvius Astur.

Thank you for your attention.

BENE·VALETE·VOS·VESTRIQVE·OMNES

CN·SALVIVS·T·F·A·NEP·OVF·ASTVR·SCRIPSIT
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33169 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:26:34PM -0000, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar wrote:
>
> Salve.
>
> You appear to think I should have noticed you? I see to reason to
> form that opinion.

You see to reason to form that opinion? What is that in English, instead
of Mental Patient language? But you probably don't know any of the
latter; never mind.

> I shall indeed not notice you any further. You need not have
> requested it though, that much was a given.

For entities like you - I'm afraid I simply can't grant you the status
of "people", since I would insult every human on this planet - I've come
to realize that anything beyond "goo-goo" and "baby want pacifier?"
would require too great of a mental strain for you to absorb in one
sentence. As a result, once you've identified yourself, I try to keep
the vocabulary down to what one of our three-year-olds would understand,
in the hope that you can too. Vain though that hope may be.


Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Difficile est saturam non scribere.
It is hard not to write satire.
-- Juvenalis, "Saturae"
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33170 From: C. Fabia Livia Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Adlections
You'll have to excuse my taking so long to address
this topic, but I've been visiting my mother (who has
no computer) so I'm just catching up.

I returned this evening to find myself a senator, and
in the midst of some controversy. Well, it just
wouldn't be Nova Roma if one could go away for a week
and come back to find no major changes and no-one
crying 'crisis'... life goes on regardless!

As to the question of why certain citizens have been
adlected and others not, I obviously have no answer,
as I am not one of the censors: they can (and
doubtless will) speak for themselves. So I'm only
going to talk about the things which relate to me
directly, and that means not talking about why certain
people *haven't* been adlected.

My age - and those of the other new senators - has
been mentioned, and I can't deny being quite young.
For the benefit of anyone who doesn't know: I'm 22
years old. As I didn't choose when to be born, it
really isn't my fault, but I'm sorry if it's
troublesome. I'd like to suggest that anyone who
wants to make an issue of it considers very carefully
why a number is that important, and if it's rather the
case that certain things (like maturity) are generally
associated with age, consider the possibility that
there may be exceptions.

More worrying to me is the fact that the new senators,
myself included, have been collectively described as
"party functionaries", "lackeys", and similarly
insulting things. This bothers me because I am, have
always been, and will always be independent. Heck, if
I thought the censors adlected me because they thought
I'd toe the party line of a party I'm not even a
member of, I'd think they'd lost their minds (which
would, of course, be unfortunate!). Certainly I count
them both among my friends, but then I have friends
from pretty much every side of the political spectrum,
and none of them gets to tell me how to vote.

I could go on and on about the little things that
people have said, but I think that covers the main
points, so I'll leave it for now. If anyone still has
serious concerns that I will be a 'bad' senator, I'd
invite you to contact me, and we can talk about it :)

Livia






___________________________________________________________
ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun! http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33171 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
I have not confused anything. Pointing out that several women rallied around to get the right to have their luxuries back does not make a case that women were involved in the political sphere with men. In fact most sources that tell about these women do it in a way to let their reader know that these women were looked down on. Women who took up a cause on behalf of men, be they sons, husbands or whatever, those women gained respect. Not the ones running around in the streets speaking with other women's husbands (that is how Cato put it, isn't it?)
Anyway, I'm not trying to make the point that women should be subservient. My point is that men and women in antiquity held power in very different 'spheres', not that women were weak and powerless. I've done my reading and I know that Rome had many intelligent and powerful women. I also know that they never rallied for women. The ones that spoke out, like Fulvia, had their own agendas that had nothing to do with women or the rights of women.
Now, on another note, I see no one wants to cram the laws down my throat this time. The laws that stated that women could be beaten and even killed by their husbands for consuming alcohol and so forth. But then I guess this time those things do nothing to forward this cause (which I don't know exactly what the cause is.)
I am not trying to attack anyone. That has never been my intent. So I'll ask everyone not to take it that way. I simple stated a point of view and since I and you all now have permission from my paterfamilias to talk in any forum I will be glad to discuss this further and maybe even learn a few things myself. For that is the reason I became a citizen in the first place, to learn.
Valete,
Servia IULIA CAESARIS Metelliana

P.S. I'll come and check out the site. Like I said, I joined to learn.
----- Original Message -----
From: Maior
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, January 30, 2005 3:58 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: Get a grip, folks



First of all women in Ancient Rome were in a completely different
sphere than the men. Everyone must admit that. Secondly, the women
who were praised or held in high esteem are the women that played the
hand the men dealt them, played it well, and then won. Those women
would not stand up and shout for women's rights. The thought would
not have occurred to them. They were happily ruling in their own
sphere.

M. Hortensia Maior S. Iuiae Caearis Metellianae;
Salve;

Well I don't admit that at all, in fact I don't know who told you
this but your assumptions are entirely incorrect.

Please do read M. Porcius Cato's speech about the Roman women running
around in the streets lobbying the tribunes to end the Oppidian Law.
here is the url for your and everyone's enjoyment and edification:
http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/ah/Livy
Livy "The History of Rome" Book 34.
This had Cato in a tizzy saying:
"What they really want is unrestricted freedom," 34.2 "From the
moment they become your fellows they will become your masters." 34.3

And a nice discussion of women from "Pandora's Daughter's" by Eve
Cantarella;
"The literature presents figures of women quite different from the
ancient matronae: women who show off their education by speaking
Greek in public (Juv. 1.185.91), who go to public baths (6.419 ff)
who train to fight (1.23) or hunt (1.247), who drink wine (Mart.
7.67)... who divorce as often as they wish...Despite the prohibition
on women postulare pro aliis -to plead on other's behalf - we have
mention of a a woman lawyer, a certain Afrania, wife of the Senator
Licinius Buccio. Another woman, Hortensia, daughter of the famous
orator Q. Hortensius Hortalus, in 42 B.C. delivered an oration before
the triumvirs." p. 141

Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, Fannia, Arria, Fulvia were not
unpolitical women by any means.

They also ran about getting abortions provided by the temple to Bon
Dea and doing goodness knows what in the lucus of Stimulae during the
scandal of the Bacchanalia in 331 B.C

I think you are confusing Christian, really Pauline mores with Pagan
ones, but please do join us at the yahoogroup conventusmatronarum
to find out more about Roman women, it's an excellent group!

optime vale
M. Hortensia Maior TRP






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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33172 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
----- Original Message -----
From: gaiusequitiuscato
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, January 30, 2005 4:07 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: Get a grip, folks



G. Equitius Cato S. Iuliae Caesari Metellianae S.P.D.

Salve Iuliua Metelliana.

You wrote:

"First of all women in Ancient Rome were in a completely different
sphere than the men. Everyone must admit that. Secondly, the women
who were praised or held in high esteem are the women that played the
hand the men dealt them, played it well, and then won. Those women
would not stand up and shout for women's rights. The thought would
not have occurred to them. They were happily ruling in their own
sphere."

BUT the ancients wrote:

"The triumvirs addressed the people on this subject and published an
edict requiring 1400 of the richest women to make a valuation of their
property, and to furnish for the service of the war such portion as
triumvirs should require from each. It was provided further that if
any should conceal their property or make a false valuation they
should be fined, and that rewards should be given to informers,
whether free persons or slaves. The women resolved to beseech the
women-folk of the triumvirs. With the sister of Octavian and the
mother of Antony they did not fail, but they were repulsed from the
doors of Fulvia, the wife of Antony, whose rudeness they could scarce
endure. They then forced their way to the tribunal of the triumvirs in
the forum, the people and the guards dividing to let them pass. There,
through the mouth of Hortensia, whom they had selected to speak, they
spoke as follows: "As befitted women of our rank addressing a petition
to you, we had recourse to the ladies of your households; but having
been treated as did not befit us, at the hands of Fulvia, we have been
driven by her to the forum. You have already deprived us of our
fathers, our sons, our husbands, and our brothers, whom you accused of
having wronged you; if you take away our property also, you reduce us
to a condition unbecoming our birth, our manners, our sex. If we have
done you wrong, as you say our husbands have, proscribe us as you do
them. But if we women have not voted any of you public enemies, have
not torn down your houses, destroyed your army, or led another one
against you; if we have not hindered you in obtaining offices and
honours,- why do we share the penalty when we did not share the
guilt?

As was proper for women of our rank petitioning you for something, we
addressed your women. But Fulvia's rudeness has driven us here. As
relatives of those whom you proscribed, we have already lost our
menfolk. If you also strip us of our property you will diminish our
status. If we have wronged you, proscribe us. But if we have not voted
you public enemies nor destroyed your houses, nor led an enemy against
you, nor prevented you from gaining offices or honors, why should we
share the penalty when we have no part in the honors? Why should we
pay taxes when we have no part in the honors, the commands, the policy
making? 'Because there's a war on', you say. But when have there not
been wars and when have women ever been taxed? Our mothers contributed
when you faced the loss of the Empire in the Second Punic War, but
they funded their contributions from their jewelry and on a voluntary
basis, not from their property or dowries. We will gladly contribute
to war with the Gauls or Parthians, but NOT to civil war. We did not
contribute to either Caesar or Pompey, nor did Marius or Cinna tax us,
or even Sulla!" - Appian, The Civil Wars IV.32, 33

"The matrons whom neither counsel nor shame nor their husbands' orders
could keep at home, blockaded every street in the city and every
entrance to the Forum. As the men came down to the Forum, the matrons
besought them to let them, too, have back the luxuries they had
enjoyed before, giving as their reason that the republic was thriving
and that everyone's private wealth was increasing with every day. This
crowd of women was growing daily, for now they were even gathering
from the towns and villages. Before long they dared go up and solicit
consuls, praetors, and other magistrates...When the speeches for and
against the law had been made, a considerably larger crowd of women
poured forth in public the next day; as a single body they besieged
the doors of the tribunes, who were vetoing their colleagues' motion,
and they did not stop until the tribunes took back their veto. After
that there was no doubt that all the tribes would repeal the law." -
Livy, History of Rome 34.1-8 [ed.]

This is not the scene you paint of women being quietly submissive.
This is EXACTLY the scene of women standing up and shouting in the
public Forum when they felt they were being abused --- in this case by
the Oppian Law. A specific instance at a specific time and place,
yes, but also a very clear indication that women were not always
simply "happy...in their own sphere". Should we Nova Romans expect
anything less from our women? I hope not.

Vale bene,

Cato





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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33173 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Adlections
Salve Livia,

I have no concerns about your abilities at all and will talk to you
privately. I don't mean to make light of your situation today but
don't you feel like Helen B. Carter in her role as "Lady Jane Grey"?
Like that portrayal you did not ask or push for this position,belong
to no particular group yet you return to find a "crown" put on your
head like it or not and in the middle of some religious strife to
boot. LOL, fortunately Mary I is not one of your foes here, it is not
a catholic - protestant confict so fortunately your pretty little
head will not be decorating Traitor's Gate! (:-

Regards,

Quintus Lanius Paulinus





--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "C. Fabia Livia"
<c_fabia_livia@y...> wrote:
> You'll have to excuse my taking so long to address
> this topic, but I've been visiting my mother (who has
> no computer) so I'm just catching up.
>
> I returned this evening to find myself a senator, and
> in the midst of some controversy. Well, it just
> wouldn't be Nova Roma if one could go away for a week
> and come back to find no major changes and no-one
> crying 'crisis'... life goes on regardless!
>
> As to the question of why certain citizens have been
> adlected and others not, I obviously have no answer,
> as I am not one of the censors: they can (and
> doubtless will) speak for themselves. So I'm only
> going to talk about the things which relate to me
> directly, and that means not talking about why certain
> people *haven't* been adlected.
>
> My age - and those of the other new senators - has
> been mentioned, and I can't deny being quite young.
> For the benefit of anyone who doesn't know: I'm 22
> years old. As I didn't choose when to be born, it
> really isn't my fault, but I'm sorry if it's
> troublesome. I'd like to suggest that anyone who
> wants to make an issue of it considers very carefully
> why a number is that important, and if it's rather the
> case that certain things (like maturity) are generally
> associated with age, consider the possibility that
> there may be exceptions.
>
> More worrying to me is the fact that the new senators,
> myself included, have been collectively described as
> "party functionaries", "lackeys", and similarly
> insulting things. This bothers me because I am, have
> always been, and will always be independent. Heck, if
> I thought the censors adlected me because they thought
> I'd toe the party line of a party I'm not even a
> member of, I'd think they'd lost their minds (which
> would, of course, be unfortunate!). Certainly I count
> them both among my friends, but then I have friends
> from pretty much every side of the political spectrum,
> and none of them gets to tell me how to vote.
>
> I could go on and on about the little things that
> people have said, but I think that covers the main
> points, so I'll leave it for now. If anyone still has
> serious concerns that I will be a 'bad' senator, I'd
> invite you to contact me, and we can talk about it :)
>
> Livia
>
>
>
>
>
>
> ___________________________________________________________
> ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun!
http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33174 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Salve Cai Minuci,

Caius Minucius Scaevola wrote:

[addressing Gn. Iulius Caesar]

Please Scaevola, enough. I appreciate that you are an elected
magistrate and Gn. Iulius Caesar is not, so you do have the social rank
on him. But let's be gracious. He is a good man, if a bit proud of his
ancient lineage. Claiming descent from the Goddess Venus is heady
stuff, and might make any man proud.

Vale,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33175 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: New nomen
Salve Astur, amice, et salvete Quirites,

Gnaeus Salvius Astur wrote:

> From now on, I shall be officially known as Gnaeus Salvius Astur.

By all the Gods Astur, it is *good* to see you back here in the forum.
I know that life is very busy for you, and I'm so very pleased to see
that you have at least a bit of time to share with us here.

Congratulations on your co-optation to the pontificate, and best wishes
in the growth of the Salvia Asturia.

Vale,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33176 From: Domitius Constantinus Fuscus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: LONG: On the request of Intercessio
Salve omnes

First of all, before coming to the actual point of the Intercessio, let me
state my own point of view about the Tribunes' job. It is my absolute
belief that Tribunes in Nova Roma have to act within the nova roma
framework when this framework is provided, even if it is not historical,
and only when missing directions they should act, if possible and
reasonable, following history and, in dubious situations, following thir
own judgment of what is right and what is not.

It is also a strong belief of mine that when a citizen, be it patrician or
plebeian, address a tribunus about a matter that the legal framework has
placed tribunes to attend, it is a precise duty to look into the matter.
That is because we may be called tribunes of the Plebs, but the truth is
that the Constitution places us in a position of general guarantee, both
for paticians and plebeians, while the laws of Nova Roma basically prevent
us from the historical role Tribunes had, which was basically to
straighten acts that were unjust even if legal by (mostly) patrician
magistrates (and of course legal they were, as they were the ones making
the laws and having most of the power anyway), but binding us to use our
power of intercessio only in case of illegal or unconstitutional (which
are truly the same things, considering the leges take their force from the
Constitutio) acts.

So, it proceeds from what stated above that I think to be a precise duty
of the Tribunes to look into a given matter with th ebest of their
abilities when someone request them to act, whatever their personal
opinion on the given matter and regardless the fact they would had not
acted on their own otherwise, and eventually present their conclusions.
Now, since I announced I was looking into the adlection matter a few hours
ago (a thing that, actually, I thought obvious, but anyway...) I got to
read lots of mails, both on the mailing list and in my private mailbox.
Most of those were basically mails telling me what I should have done,
some actually added why I should have done it, but almost all of them
(some were actually replies to requests of mine) were basically attempts
at influencing a decision that each Tribunus should had been left facing
on its own, as a judge should decide on a case without any interference. I
have to say I haven't felt "edificated" by most of those post, quite the
contrary, but I guess that the noise raised to press the magistrates into
taking a given decision were probably common back then in real Rome as
part of the political "game" and one can, at most, be displeased that
thousands of years and a general higher level of education of the
population don't seem to have changed much in that regard.

That said, I now owe the ones who requested the Tribunes intervention the
personal evaluation of this tribunus (leaving the others to follow their
own way to reach a conclusion, if they'll decide to address the matter.
One already had and decided to bail out on the line that she will never
veto an act taken by an elected rapresentative.. oh well..) on the matter
and the reason why this tribunus does not see a ground for intercessio in
this case. I hope everyone involved and having an interest in the matter
(actually, considering we are dealing about the Senate's composition, one
would hope everyone is interestd) will realize I've looked into the matter
as fairly and with all the good faith and capacities I have.

First of all, I do consider Censor Marinus' words on Religio's belief
being or being not a criterion for adlection irrelevant. Leaving aside the
matter if words said on non official venues being admissible for producing
any given effect in Nova Roma, it is a matter of fact that Public respect
of the Religio Romana cannot be a criterion for adlection at the senate
and therefore should be ignored. I understand the bitterness my statement
must create in the religio practitioners, but I'm forced to abide to the
letter of the Constitution and by what can, by logic, be derived by that.
Now, the Consitutio places public Religio-wise standards of behaviour on
Senators and magistrates ("All magistrates and Senators, as officers of
the State, shall be required to publicly show respect for the Religio
Romana and the Gods and Goddesses that made Rome great."), but at the
moment a judgment for adlectio passes over a possible candidate, he is not
yet a Senator and can't possibly be asked to comply to duties that are
imposed on Senators, because until adlection, they are like private
citizens, to whom is simply required not to intentionally defame or
blaspheme the Gods. It would be illogic to ask the Censores to consider
any kind of Religio record about publicly honouring the Gods for a
candidate for the Senate, given that only to the ones who are ALREADY
Senators the Constitutio requires to publicly show respect for the
Religio. In short, you can't ask, and therefore can't consider, to someone
to have held a given behaviour in order to achieve a position when that
behaviour is requested only to people after having achieved that position.
You coulnd't say to a candidate "I'm sorry, I've considered your records
and you can't be adlected because you didn't publicly show respect for the
Religio" for the simple reason the candidate was not required to follow
that behaviour. I hope I made the point clear enough, as english is not,
as you know, my native language and I do realize it's a complicated
reasoning (actually, it's more complicated to explain than it actually is,
but...)

Similarly, the age of the candidates is irrelevant. It might sound as
illogic and probably it is, but while there are age limits for some
magistracies, there is not, or I couldn't find and no one was able to
point me at, a minimum age requirement for Senate adlectio within Nova
Roman legislation. Even if one would like to go on the historical way (my
second criterion of judgment, lacking express nova roman legislation), one
would have to conclude that anyone who is able to be elected as Questor
is, agewise, able to be adlected at the Senate, given that back then being
elected as such automatically gave you a seat at the Senate. I think every
single ones of teh new senators are of age for being Quaestores.

Just the same, the fact the new adlected ones, or rather most of them,
bring forward the banner of a given side of the Nova Roman political
spectrum is maybe a matter of reflection on the state of the political
debate within Nova Roma, but legally irrelevant as it is not prescribed,
required, not even hinted anywhere that the Senate must be "politically
balanced". Surely it is not in the Costitutio of Nova Roma, nor it is in
the Lex Vedia Senatoria, not anyone was able to point me to a relevant
piece of Nova Roman legislation. At the same time, definitely, I couldn't
look at the historical Senate as an example of political balance either,
because if it true tht theee were some social customs that, at least until
the II century BC, avoided a given "party" to permanently prevail on the
others, it is a fact that in some given period a given group of families
prevailed on others and it as perfectly normal to be so.

It was raised the point (privately) that only a sitting Propraetor could
be adlected in the Senate and after having served six months of their term
and that would make invalid, at least, Pompeia Strabo's Adlection. Now,
the Lex Vedia Senatoria says "Any individual elected to the office of
curule aedile or appointed to the office of provincial governor may, at
the discretion of the censors, be included in the album Senatorum six
months after assuming office (assuming that the individual was not already
a member of the Senate)." and leaves the door opens to several
interpretations:

a) only a sitting provincial governor can be adlected any time after 6
months
b) only sitting provincial governors can be adlected exactly after 6
months, not a day before nor a day after
c) any provincial governor, sitting or past, can be adlected after having
"ruled" for at least 6 months
d) various others depending how wide is the reader's imagination.

Here, I have to take make a judgment call and I have to say that I think
that the correct reading of the law is that anyone who has served for at
least 6 months as Curule Aedile or Provincial Governor can be adlected at
any time. That is, again, *my own* reading, which means any other Tribunus
thinking that the governor must be sitting to be adlected could, in my
opinion, issue a lgitimate veto against the adlection of Pompeia Strabo
basing on the fact she is not a sitting Propaetor right now. I'd have to
counter-veto him or her, tho, basing my decision on the previosly reported
interpretation that I feel like embracing.

With that, I think I've addressed every concern that was raised. If I've
overlooked any, please call my attention over them and I will address
those as well, as I think any citizen is owed an answer when he ask for
the tribunes to act on a given matter, wheter they will act or not. We are
here for the people, in the end, all the people.

valete

Domitius Constantinus Fuscus
Founder of Gens Constantinia
Tribunus Plebis
Aedilis Urbis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33177 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Adlections
Salve Senatrix Fabia Livia,

C. Fabia Livia wrote:

[Quite a lot, all of it worthwhile, but I'm only addressing one bit]

> Heck, if I thought the censors adlected me because they thought
> I'd toe the party line of a party I'm not even a
> member of, I'd think they'd lost their minds (which
> would, of course, be unfortunate!).

In fact, we chose you because we know you'll tell the Consuls what they
need to know. Not what anybody necessarily wants to hear.

It may prove that in your best judgement you decide to vote against me
on every issue before the Senate. If so, I'll accept that it's your
best judgement which I considered important to the Republic, and seek to
understand your reasons.

Having worked with you for all of last year, I'm absolutely certain that
you're nobody's patsy, and nobody's fool.

Vale,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33178 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: LONG: On the request of Intercessio
Salvete, omnes,

For what it is worth, I fully concur with the interpretation of the
legal issues involved in the current discussion about the adlection of
Senators, presented below by Domitus Constantinus Fuscus. While I might
have wished the Censores had acted with a bit more restraint in the
matter (perhaps to the point of floating the names of prospective
Senators to gauge the reaction to their choices-- not required by any
means, but perhaps politically prudent or at least polite), that is
merely personal style and preference. What they did was certainly within
their purview according to the law, and I'm of the opinion that the
calls for a Tribunicial intercessio are misplaced.

Valete,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus
Pater Patriae

Domitius Constantinus Fuscus wrote:

>Salve omnes
>
>First of all, before coming to the actual point of the Intercessio, let me
>state my own point of view about the Tribunes' job. It is my absolute
>belief that Tribunes in Nova Roma have to act within the nova roma
>framework when this framework is provided, even if it is not historical,
>and only when missing directions they should act, if possible and
>reasonable, following history and, in dubious situations, following thir
>own judgment of what is right and what is not.
>
>It is also a strong belief of mine that when a citizen, be it patrician or
>plebeian, address a tribunus about a matter that the legal framework has
>placed tribunes to attend, it is a precise duty to look into the matter.
>That is because we may be called tribunes of the Plebs, but the truth is
>that the Constitution places us in a position of general guarantee, both
>for paticians and plebeians, while the laws of Nova Roma basically prevent
>us from the historical role Tribunes had, which was basically to
>straighten acts that were unjust even if legal by (mostly) patrician
>magistrates (and of course legal they were, as they were the ones making
>the laws and having most of the power anyway), but binding us to use our
>power of intercessio only in case of illegal or unconstitutional (which
>are truly the same things, considering the leges take their force from the
>Constitutio) acts.
>
>So, it proceeds from what stated above that I think to be a precise duty
>of the Tribunes to look into a given matter with th ebest of their
>abilities when someone request them to act, whatever their personal
>opinion on the given matter and regardless the fact they would had not
>acted on their own otherwise, and eventually present their conclusions.
>Now, since I announced I was looking into the adlection matter a few hours
>ago (a thing that, actually, I thought obvious, but anyway...) I got to
>read lots of mails, both on the mailing list and in my private mailbox.
>Most of those were basically mails telling me what I should have done,
>some actually added why I should have done it, but almost all of them
>(some were actually replies to requests of mine) were basically attempts
>at influencing a decision that each Tribunus should had been left facing
>on its own, as a judge should decide on a case without any interference. I
>have to say I haven't felt "edificated" by most of those post, quite the
>contrary, but I guess that the noise raised to press the magistrates into
>taking a given decision were probably common back then in real Rome as
>part of the political "game" and one can, at most, be displeased that
>thousands of years and a general higher level of education of the
>population don't seem to have changed much in that regard.
>
>That said, I now owe the ones who requested the Tribunes intervention the
>personal evaluation of this tribunus (leaving the others to follow their
>own way to reach a conclusion, if they'll decide to address the matter.
>One already had and decided to bail out on the line that she will never
>veto an act taken by an elected rapresentative.. oh well..) on the matter
>and the reason why this tribunus does not see a ground for intercessio in
>this case. I hope everyone involved and having an interest in the matter
>(actually, considering we are dealing about the Senate's composition, one
>would hope everyone is interestd) will realize I've looked into the matter
>as fairly and with all the good faith and capacities I have.
>
>First of all, I do consider Censor Marinus' words on Religio's belief
>being or being not a criterion for adlection irrelevant. Leaving aside the
>matter if words said on non official venues being admissible for producing
>any given effect in Nova Roma, it is a matter of fact that Public respect
>of the Religio Romana cannot be a criterion for adlection at the senate
>and therefore should be ignored. I understand the bitterness my statement
>must create in the religio practitioners, but I'm forced to abide to the
>letter of the Constitution and by what can, by logic, be derived by that.
>Now, the Consitutio places public Religio-wise standards of behaviour on
>Senators and magistrates ("All magistrates and Senators, as officers of
>the State, shall be required to publicly show respect for the Religio
>Romana and the Gods and Goddesses that made Rome great."), but at the
>moment a judgment for adlectio passes over a possible candidate, he is not
>yet a Senator and can't possibly be asked to comply to duties that are
>imposed on Senators, because until adlection, they are like private
>citizens, to whom is simply required not to intentionally defame or
>blaspheme the Gods. It would be illogic to ask the Censores to consider
>any kind of Religio record about publicly honouring the Gods for a
>candidate for the Senate, given that only to the ones who are ALREADY
>Senators the Constitutio requires to publicly show respect for the
>Religio. In short, you can't ask, and therefore can't consider, to someone
>to have held a given behaviour in order to achieve a position when that
>behaviour is requested only to people after having achieved that position.
>You coulnd't say to a candidate "I'm sorry, I've considered your records
>and you can't be adlected because you didn't publicly show respect for the
>Religio" for the simple reason the candidate was not required to follow
>that behaviour. I hope I made the point clear enough, as english is not,
>as you know, my native language and I do realize it's a complicated
>reasoning (actually, it's more complicated to explain than it actually is,
>but...)
>
>Similarly, the age of the candidates is irrelevant. It might sound as
>illogic and probably it is, but while there are age limits for some
>magistracies, there is not, or I couldn't find and no one was able to
>point me at, a minimum age requirement for Senate adlectio within Nova
>Roman legislation. Even if one would like to go on the historical way (my
>second criterion of judgment, lacking express nova roman legislation), one
>would have to conclude that anyone who is able to be elected as Questor
>is, agewise, able to be adlected at the Senate, given that back then being
>elected as such automatically gave you a seat at the Senate. I think every
>single ones of teh new senators are of age for being Quaestores.
>
>Just the same, the fact the new adlected ones, or rather most of them,
>bring forward the banner of a given side of the Nova Roman political
>spectrum is maybe a matter of reflection on the state of the political
>debate within Nova Roma, but legally irrelevant as it is not prescribed,
>required, not even hinted anywhere that the Senate must be "politically
>balanced". Surely it is not in the Costitutio of Nova Roma, nor it is in
>the Lex Vedia Senatoria, not anyone was able to point me to a relevant
>piece of Nova Roman legislation. At the same time, definitely, I couldn't
>look at the historical Senate as an example of political balance either,
>because if it true tht theee were some social customs that, at least until
>the II century BC, avoided a given "party" to permanently prevail on the
>others, it is a fact that in some given period a given group of families
>prevailed on others and it as perfectly normal to be so.
>
>It was raised the point (privately) that only a sitting Propraetor could
>be adlected in the Senate and after having served six months of their term
>and that would make invalid, at least, Pompeia Strabo's Adlection. Now,
>the Lex Vedia Senatoria says "Any individual elected to the office of
>curule aedile or appointed to the office of provincial governor may, at
>the discretion of the censors, be included in the album Senatorum six
>months after assuming office (assuming that the individual was not already
>a member of the Senate)." and leaves the door opens to several
>interpretations:
>
>a) only a sitting provincial governor can be adlected any time after 6
>months
>b) only sitting provincial governors can be adlected exactly after 6
>months, not a day before nor a day after
>c) any provincial governor, sitting or past, can be adlected after having
>"ruled" for at least 6 months
>d) various others depending how wide is the reader's imagination.
>
>Here, I have to take make a judgment call and I have to say that I think
>that the correct reading of the law is that anyone who has served for at
>least 6 months as Curule Aedile or Provincial Governor can be adlected at
>any time. That is, again, *my own* reading, which means any other Tribunus
>thinking that the governor must be sitting to be adlected could, in my
>opinion, issue a lgitimate veto against the adlection of Pompeia Strabo
>basing on the fact she is not a sitting Propaetor right now. I'd have to
>counter-veto him or her, tho, basing my decision on the previosly reported
>interpretation that I feel like embracing.
>
>With that, I think I've addressed every concern that was raised. If I've
>overlooked any, please call my attention over them and I will address
>those as well, as I think any citizen is owed an answer when he ask for
>the tribunes to act on a given matter, wheter they will act or not. We are
>here for the people, in the end, all the people.
>
>valete
>
>Domitius Constantinus Fuscus
>Founder of Gens Constantinia
>Tribunus Plebis
>Aedilis Urbis
>
>
>
>
>
>Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33179 From: Dalmatica@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: A very good book indeed!
Ave,

I have just finished reading CAESAR'S LEGIONS by Stephen Dando-Collins and I
highly recommend it. I have been studying the Roman Republic and Empire for
years now and this book shed a different and vivid picture of the 10th and many
other legions. It also gave me a new perspective on the fall of Jerusalem and
Masada. Get your hands on it and enjoy!!! Caecilia Drusa Dalmatica
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33180 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A very good book indeed!
Salvete,

I agree, its a good faced paced book and hard to put down.

Regards,

QLP



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Dalmatica@a... wrote:
>
> Ave,
>
> I have just finished reading CAESAR'S LEGIONS by Stephen Dando-
Collins and I
> highly recommend it. I have been studying the Roman Republic and
Empire for
> years now and this book shed a different and vivid picture of the
10th and many
> other legions. It also gave me a new perspective on the fall of
Jerusalem and
> Masada. Get your hands on it and enjoy!!! Caecilia Drusa Dalmatica
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33181 From: Lucius Equitius Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Digest No 1789
L Equitius Cincinnatus Augur Quiritibus salutem dicit

Salvete

L Equitius: Last time we heard from this fellow (Scaevola, Caeso's attack
poodle) he said that I didn't have anything worthwhile to contribute and
only posted attacks. While it's true that I don't often post anymore, I
certainly don't post FIVE posts in a few hours, it is also true that I don't
post ONLY political sarcasm.
He now has given us the Cato-esque refrain "Boni ad Portam, Boni ad Portam!"

Salve Caius Minucius Scaevola

I am not now and never had been a member of the Boni or any other
faction in Nova Roma.

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus

Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@c...> wrote:
> Salve, Tiberius Galerius Paulinus; salvete, omnes.
>
> On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:45:31AM -0500, Timothy P. Gallagher
wrote:
> >
> > A quick glance at our archives and a counting of the membership
> > of the Senate over time revels this.

<SNIP>
>
> ... All the yelling because they
>are *not* Boni is - just noise. Worse yet, it's noise motivated by
>_private_ agendas, intended to overrule by its volume (a favorite Boni
> tactic of the past)

L Equitius: Really, I think it's your tactic.
We never hear anything worthwhile from you, and only hear anything when you
have wiseguy comments and ad hominem attacks. How convienent that you can
use Boni instead of naming people, other than Drusus or Sulla, who haven't
posted in MONTHS.

It is very amusing to read your accusations of others doing exactly what you
ARE doing.


the will of the people who elected our present Censors
with
> full knowledge of the powers granted to them.
>
> I'm sorry to see that Marcus Octavius Germanicus has joined his
> voice to theirs because his favorite Lacus Magni candidate was not
> adlected. I don't know the reasons behind this,

L Equitius: Because he thinks the Edictum is flawed maybe?

<SNIP>

> . Now come the Boni, beating their breasts and
> their drums, screaming and gouging themselves in public -

L Equitius: More "Boni ad Portam!!"

<SNIP>

> Does anyone see anything wrong in this scenario? Or is it simply
> yawn-worthy, as yet another flood of Boni mail to swamp our
mailboxes?
> Quirites, you decide.

L Equitius: INDEED, who is the one swamping our mail now?
Every post liberally interjected with "Boni Ad PORTAM! Boni Ad Portam!!"

>
> Valete,
> Caius Minucius Scaevola
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
________________________________________________________________________

Message: 2
Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2005 12:35:09 -0500
From: Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@...>
Subject: Re: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 04:19:13PM -0000, Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael
Kelly) wrote:
>
> Salve M. Hortensia Maior,
>
> The sad state of affairs is what is being "precieved" by these
<SNIP>
> rather thin ice for the last 2 years.

And I agree strongly - noting that this shameful state of affairs has
been *solely* due to specific practitioner's attitudes.
<SNIP>
*** with the exception of some who dare call themselves practitioners. ***

People like Gaius Iulius Scaurus and L. Sicinius Drusus have done more...

<SNIP>

I shall stop here. I simply have not the words for my disgust at this
betrayal of every kind of trust I can imagine.

L Equitius: As we see below you don't stop here.

Valete, quirites.
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


Message: 4
Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2005 12:44:25 -0500
From: Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@...>
Subject: Re: Re: the membership of the Senate over time

Salve, Tiberius Galerius Paulinus -

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 05:22:04PM -0000, Timothy P. Gallagher wrote:
>
> Salve Caius Minucius Scaevola
>
>
> I am not now and never had been a member of the Boni or any other
> faction in Nova Roma.

Which, by your expressed definition of factions, makes you a faction of
one - meaning that nobody agrees with your position. I was kind enough
not to point this out when you stood for election, but...

L Equitius: Just because we don't get a round of "Me Too", doesn't mean he
doesn't have support and agreement.

________________________________________________________________________

Message: 12
Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2005 13:28:21 -0500
From: Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@...>
Subject: Re: Re: Get a grip, folks

Salve, Cornelianus; salvete, omnes.

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:10:38AM -0800, Gn. Julius Caesar Cornelianus
wrote:
>
> "I suggest you pick up a book and learn something, your ignorance and
Scaurus's
> misogyny is a real embarassment to the Religio."
>
<SNIP>

"Misogyny" may not be a term of approbation, as you note,
- but, in short, the Boni are terrified of contracting girl cooties...

L Equitius: Oh, it's those Boni again.
BTW Ben, do you have only little bouys on your boat? Or do you like thelie
'cooties' too?

Valete,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
________________________________________________________________________

Message: 14
Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2005 13:31:50 -0500
From: Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@...>
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.

Salve, Marcvs Flavivs Fides; salvete, omnes.

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:21:17AM -0800, raymond fuentes wrote:
> Anybody watching Pompeii, the last day on the History
> Channel tonite?

<SNIP>

Tip: go _way_ short on the Boni. Good advice for any time, but
especially now.

L Equitius: MORE "BONI AD PORTAM!!!"

Valete,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

Valete
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33182 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Sorry about the empty email-I have a habit of that. I am not supporting women's subservient role. In pointing out that women were upset because of the loss of luxury only helps to prove my point. They had a separate 'sphere'. And although this is much more modern source I'll quote it anyway.
"The men of our culture have stripped themselves of the fineries of the earth so that they might work more freely to plunder the universe for treasures to deck my lady in. New raw materials, new processes, new machines are all brought into her service. My lady must therefore be the chief spender as well as the chief symbol of spending ability and monetary success. While her mate toils in his factory, she totters about the smartest streets and plushest hotels with his fortune upon her back and bosom, fingers and wrists, continuing that essential expenditure in his house which is her frame and her setting, enjoying that silken idleness which is the necessary condition of maintaining her mate's prestige and her qualification to demonstrate it."-Germaine Greer, "The Stereotype"
I believe those women were upset. They fought back only because the men laid down laws which dealt in their 'sphere'. Grant it, they fought back and won. They got their luxuries back.
Vale,
Servia
----- Original Message -----
From: gaiusequitiuscato
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, January 30, 2005 4:07 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: Get a grip, folks



G. Equitius Cato S. Iuliae Caesari Metellianae S.P.D.

Salve Iuliua Metelliana.

You wrote:

"First of all women in Ancient Rome were in a completely different
sphere than the men. Everyone must admit that. Secondly, the women
who were praised or held in high esteem are the women that played the
hand the men dealt them, played it well, and then won. Those women
would not stand up and shout for women's rights. The thought would
not have occurred to them. They were happily ruling in their own
sphere."

BUT the ancients wrote:

"The triumvirs addressed the people on this subject and published an
edict requiring 1400 of the richest women to make a valuation of their
property, and to furnish for the service of the war such portion as
triumvirs should require from each. It was provided further that if
any should conceal their property or make a false valuation they
should be fined, and that rewards should be given to informers,
whether free persons or slaves. The women resolved to beseech the
women-folk of the triumvirs. With the sister of Octavian and the
mother of Antony they did not fail, but they were repulsed from the
doors of Fulvia, the wife of Antony, whose rudeness they could scarce
endure. They then forced their way to the tribunal of the triumvirs in
the forum, the people and the guards dividing to let them pass. There,
through the mouth of Hortensia, whom they had selected to speak, they
spoke as follows: "As befitted women of our rank addressing a petition
to you, we had recourse to the ladies of your households; but having
been treated as did not befit us, at the hands of Fulvia, we have been
driven by her to the forum. You have already deprived us of our
fathers, our sons, our husbands, and our brothers, whom you accused of
having wronged you; if you take away our property also, you reduce us
to a condition unbecoming our birth, our manners, our sex. If we have
done you wrong, as you say our husbands have, proscribe us as you do
them. But if we women have not voted any of you public enemies, have
not torn down your houses, destroyed your army, or led another one
against you; if we have not hindered you in obtaining offices and
honours,- why do we share the penalty when we did not share the
guilt?

As was proper for women of our rank petitioning you for something, we
addressed your women. But Fulvia's rudeness has driven us here. As
relatives of those whom you proscribed, we have already lost our
menfolk. If you also strip us of our property you will diminish our
status. If we have wronged you, proscribe us. But if we have not voted
you public enemies nor destroyed your houses, nor led an enemy against
you, nor prevented you from gaining offices or honors, why should we
share the penalty when we have no part in the honors? Why should we
pay taxes when we have no part in the honors, the commands, the policy
making? 'Because there's a war on', you say. But when have there not
been wars and when have women ever been taxed? Our mothers contributed
when you faced the loss of the Empire in the Second Punic War, but
they funded their contributions from their jewelry and on a voluntary
basis, not from their property or dowries. We will gladly contribute
to war with the Gauls or Parthians, but NOT to civil war. We did not
contribute to either Caesar or Pompey, nor did Marius or Cinna tax us,
or even Sulla!" - Appian, The Civil Wars IV.32, 33

"The matrons whom neither counsel nor shame nor their husbands' orders
could keep at home, blockaded every street in the city and every
entrance to the Forum. As the men came down to the Forum, the matrons
besought them to let them, too, have back the luxuries they had
enjoyed before, giving as their reason that the republic was thriving
and that everyone's private wealth was increasing with every day. This
crowd of women was growing daily, for now they were even gathering
from the towns and villages. Before long they dared go up and solicit
consuls, praetors, and other magistrates...When the speeches for and
against the law had been made, a considerably larger crowd of women
poured forth in public the next day; as a single body they besieged
the doors of the tribunes, who were vetoing their colleagues' motion,
and they did not stop until the tribunes took back their veto. After
that there was no doubt that all the tribes would repeal the law." -
Livy, History of Rome 34.1-8 [ed.]

This is not the scene you paint of women being quietly submissive.
This is EXACTLY the scene of women standing up and shouting in the
public Forum when they felt they were being abused --- in this case by
the Oppian Law. A specific instance at a specific time and place,
yes, but also a very clear indication that women were not always
simply "happy...in their own sphere". Should we Nova Romans expect
anything less from our women? I hope not.

Vale bene,

Cato





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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33183 From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Salve Marine.

I just want to make one point. I do not claim descent from any God
or Goddess, and can confidently say I never have nor would.

I only mention this so it doesn't become entangled into NR gossip
that I did so :) and become later quoted as a fact. :)

I chose the gens Iulia for many reasons, but descent from a deity
was not one of them <g>

Vale
Caesar

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
<gawne@c...> wrote:
> Salve Cai Minuci,
>
> Caius Minucius Scaevola wrote:
>
> [addressing Gn. Iulius Caesar]
>
> Please Scaevola, enough. I appreciate that you are an elected
> magistrate and Gn. Iulius Caesar is not, so you do have the social
rank
> on him. But let's be gracious. He is a good man, if a bit proud
of his
> ancient lineage. Claiming descent from the Goddess Venus is heady
> stuff, and might make any man proud.
>
> Vale,
>
> -- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33184 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
M. Hortensia Maior S. Iuliae Caesaris Metellinae sd:
Salve;
> I can see handing out answers is not a good way to encourage
others to think. So instead I will pose you these questions, and see
what the answers lead you to find.

Why did women want their luxuries back? Why was the repeal of the
Oppian Law important. Why did Hortensia argue against the imposition
of taxes? What is the importance of the Lex Voconia? Why were statues
erected in the Forum thanking Vestal Virgins for political help?
Why did Verginia start the cult of Plebian Chastity? What were the
special rights of the Vestales. How did the guardianship laws for
women change. What does recognition of kinship in the female line
mean? Who had the power to make a will & why is it important?

METELLINA:" In fact most sources that tell about these women do it in
a way to let their reader know that these women were looked down on."

MAIOR: Yes you are quite right in the above. Now, ask yourself,
critically " Are they merely reporting the facts? are they adding
their own opinions or take on these happenings? What is Livy saying?
are these really Cato's words?' Analyze, do not accept.

METELLINA: My point is that men and women in antiquity held power in
very different 'spheres',

MAIOR: good, give historical examples and references to bolster your
point.
I can point out historically that women electioneered very heavily
" Statia asks you to vote for Herrenius and Suettius for the
aedileship". and more see p.214 Women's Life in Greece and Rome. They
also put up monuments to themselves, they were doctors,
businsseswomen, philosphers, slaves, mothers, priestesses.


METELLINA:I also know that they never rallied for women. The ones
that spoke out, like Fulvia, had their own agendas that had nothing
to do with women or the rights of women.

MAIOR: what were women's rights? How would they obtain them?What is
an agenda - political ambition, power? Are these exclusive to men or
women.
>
METELLINA:I will be glad to discuss this further and maybe even
learn a few things myself. For that is the reason I became a citizen
in the first place, to learn.
>
MAIOR: great, there is an excellent booklist there that we've put
together. I'm sure you will enjoy it. I asked a lot of questions, but
that is the point to stir up your own interest and critical
faculties:)
optime vale
M. Hortensia Maior TRP


Valete,
> Servia IULIA CAESARIS Metelliana
>
> P.S. I'll come and check out the site. Like I said, I joined to
learn.
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33185 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
A. Apollónius Cordus C. Júlió Scauró amícó sal.

We seem to be having the same conversation in public
and in private concurrently! To save duplication of
effort, I'll reply here only.

> I am not contending that senatores must be
> practitioners (although I
> would support changing the constitution makng it
> so). I am contending
> that VI.A. sets a condition which must be fulfilled
> before a candidate
> is qualified to be a senator, a condition similar to
> the citizenship
> requirement, namely that the candidate dhow no
> public disrespect to
> the Religio nor advocate its disestablishment as the
> state religion.

But you must surely acknowledge that this is quite
contrary to the established interpretation of this
clause. It is normally interpreted to mean that anyone
who already is a senátor or magistrate is legally
obliged to show respect to the réligió. It has never
before been interpreted to mean that showing respect
for the réligió is a requirement which one must
fulfill *before* becoming a senátor or magistrate.
Similarly what you call "the citizenship requirement"
has in fact never been interpreted as constituting a
qualification which must be met before citizenship may
be acquired but only ever as an obligation which falls
upon a person once he becomes a citizen.

I'm sure you'll acknowledge that it's an important
difference. It is one thing, for instance, to say that
the réx sacrórum was entitled to a seat in the senate;
it is quite another thing, almost the opposite, to say
that only someone who was already a senátor could
become réx sacrórum.

Not only is your interpretation contrary to the
traditional interpretation, it is also contrary to the
natural interpretation of the language in the clause.
It says "All magistrates and Senators, as officers of
the State, shall be required to publicly show
respect...". Notice the tenses used. "[A]s officers of
the State" implies that the senátórés and magistrates
in question are already officers of the state at the
time which the clause is speaking of, not people
applying to become so; and then "shall be required",
the future tense implying that this requirement is to
be imposed after they have become officers of the
state, rather than "shall have been required". In fact
if this clause means what you take it to mean then it
would be a very odd way to write it. Your command of
English is better than most - surely then you can see
that your interpretation places unnatural strain on
the pretty unambiguous language used here?

> What Marinus said was that the Religio played no
> role in the
> adlections. I am not demanding that the private
> views of candidates
> for adlection be vetted or that they must be
> practitioners, but rather
> that the censores follow the Constitution and ensure
> that none of the
> candidates have violated VI.A.before adlecting.
> Marinus said that
> this was not done and that no consideration of the
> Religio was taken
> whatsoever in the selection of candidates for
> adlection. I think that
> violates the plain meaning of the "qualification by
> law" clause and
> VI.A. None of the previous censores have ever
> publicly denied
> determining that a candidate for adlection was
> qualified under
> VI.A.before adlecting that candidate, so I am not
> rraising it
> regarding any other adlection.

But there is a problem here. Even if we accept your
most unnatural interpretation of VI.A, and thus we
accept your contention that the cénsórés have acted
unconstitutionally, that does not constitute grounds
for a veto of these particular adlections. You are
not, as far as I can tell, arguing that any of these
candidates are not qualified according to this
imaginary qualification you put forward; merely that
the cénsórés have been derelict in their duty by
failing to consider whether the candidates are so
qualified. Well, then, you have every reason to file a
prosecution against the cénsórés, but no reason to
object to the actual adlections which have occurred.

In order to object to the adlections themselves, you
would have to demonstrate that there is some reason
why these particular individuals cannot legally be
adlected. If they are legally qualified, then they may
be adlected, even if the fact that they are legally
qualified is pure chance and no thanks to the
cénsórés. You know very well that in Roman
constitutional law an outcome achieved by an illegal
procedure is itself legally valid nonetheless, unless
there is a statement to the contrary in the sanctió of
the relevant statute. There is no such statement in
any law relevant to this matter, so the illegitimacy
of the procedure (which, please remember, you have
still to prove, and it will be difficult) does not
bear on the legality or illegality of the outcome.

In short, the only ground on which these adlections
can be vetoed is the ground that the specific
adlectátí in question are not legally qualified to be
adlected. To do this you must first prove that VI.A
stipulates a qualification necessary for adlection (as
against the traditional and natural reading that it
merely stipulates a duty which is incurred upon
entering the senate), and you must then prove that
these adlectátí do not possess that qualification. You
have not yet done either thing.





___________________________________________________________
ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun! http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33186 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: LONG: On the request of Intercessio
Salve Tribune Constantine,

Domitius Constantinus Fuscus wrote:
[an exhaustive analysis of the question]

Thank you Tribune, for your comprehensive work. I appreciate your
efforts, and not simply because the results coincide with my own.
You've done a good service to the Republic.

Vale,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33187 From: Lucius Equitius Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Digest No 1790
L Equitius Cincinnatus Augur Quiritibus salutem dicit

Salvete

Incredible, we don't hear anything from this 'entity' for weeks, and never
anything worthwhile, but in a single day it reappears in full force spouting
acerbic rhetorica. Well, at least in this digest it's refrained from the
very tiresome 'Boni ad portem' to more personal addresses. Still nothing
worthwhile though.



Message: 16
Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2005 16:23:41 -0500
From: Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@...>
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum

Salve, Gaius Modius -

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 03:51:32PM -0500, AthanasiosofSpfd@... wrote:
>
> Gaius Modius Athanasius S.P.D.
>
> NO ONE in Gens Modia emancipated themselves. They supported me as their
> Pater Familias, and for that I am very honored. However, I KNEW it would
> cause
> them problems.

<SNIP>

Whence, to put it plainly, your gripe? In the fact that Marinus obeyed
all law and custom? I fail to see your point.

L Equitius: What is your point, or don't you have one other than being
sarcastic?

Vale,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
________________________________________________________________________

Message: 18
Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2005 16:31:46 -0500
From: Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@...>
Subject: Re: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum

Salve,

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 09:20:33PM -0000, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar wrote:
>
> Salve.
>
> I have no idea who you are and what your position in society is.

That you have no idea of many things, including that, comes as no
suprise whatsoever.

L Equitius: Isn't this interesting? Just the kind of rhetoric he claims is
used exclusively by the Boni.
Though I've not seen Boni posting things like this.

> When I have established that you are sui iuris, and in the remote
> event that you ever have something noteworthy to say in this forum,
> I may expend the energy in replying to you.

Don't bother, since you have said nothing of any possible value so far;
this is, again, unsurprising. Based on previous history, you lack the
capability.

L Equitius: Do tell, what value should we place on your missives?
Sort of like the Pot calling the Kettle Black, only the other isn't a kettle
at all.

Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
________________________________________________________________________

Message: 24
Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2005 18:10:49 -0500
From: Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@...>
Subject: Re: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:26:34PM -0000, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar wrote:
>
> Salve.
>
> You appear to think I should have noticed you? I see to reason to
> form that opinion.

You see to reason to form that opinion? What is that in English, instead
of Mental Patient language? But you probably don't know any of the
latter; never mind.

L Equitius: I suppose you ARE an expert on "Mental Patient language". Do
tell, how does one attain such knowledge?

> I shall indeed not notice you any further. You need not have
> requested it though, that much was a given.

For entities like you - I'm afraid I simply can't grant you the status
of "people", since I would insult every human on this planet - I've come
to realize that anything beyond "goo-goo" and "baby want pacifier?"
would require too great of a mental strain for you to absorb in one
sentence. As a result, once you've identified yourself, I try to keep
the vocabulary down to what one of our three-year-olds would understand,
in the hope that you can too. Vain though that hope may be.

L Equitius: I suppose the list moderators don't mind you being so insulting
as long as it's obtuse.
One needs to be rather more direct to gain thier attention.
BTW What sort of "entity" are you? Pond scum perhaps? Or the slime that's
attached to marine vessels?

Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

I'm bored, I think I'll do like his Pater Audens and retire from this list.

Valete
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33188 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: A very good book indeed!
Salvete Quirites,

Caecilia Drusa Dalmatica (Dalmatica@...) wrote:

> I have just finished reading CAESAR'S LEGIONS by Stephen Dando-Collins and I
> highly recommend it.

Hmmm... I thought from the title that this was CAESAR'S LEGIONS, by
Nicholas V. Sekunda, which I own and found quite good. But I see that
this is in fact CAESAR'S LEGION (not Legions). The complete title is:

Caesar's Legion: The Epic Saga of Julius Caesar's Elite Tenth Legion and
the Armies of Rome
by Stephen Dando-Collins (copyright 2002, published by John Wiley and
Sons, New York)

The Amazon listing for this book can be found at http://tinyurl.com/546ac

From the various reader reviews there it seems to be an awfully good
book. My thanks to Caecilia Drusilla Dalmatica for bringing this to my
attention! I shall have to add it to my wish list.

Valete Quirites,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33189 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: LONG: On the request of Intercessio
Salve Tribune Domitius Constantinus Fuscus

Thank you for taking the time to study the issue at hand and for sharing your views with us.
I wish the Censors had thought a little more about how they did this but that is not you fault or your responsibility.
I sincerely appreciate the fact that you took the time to render a clear and understandable opinion on the matter at hand.

I congratulate the new Senators and wish them well.


Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
----- Original Message -----
From: Domitius Constantinus Fuscus<mailto:dom.con.fus@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Sunday, January 30, 2005 7:13 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] LONG: On the request of Intercessio



Salve omnes

First of all, before coming to the actual point of the Intercessio, let me
state my own point of view about the Tribunes' job. It is my absolute
belief that Tribunes in Nova Roma have to act within the nova roma
framework when this framework is provided, even if it is not historical,
and only when missing directions they should act, if possible and
reasonable, following history and, in dubious situations, following thir
own judgment of what is right and what is not.

It is also a strong belief of mine that when a citizen, be it patrician or
plebeian, address a tribunus about a matter that the legal framework has
placed tribunes to attend, it is a precise duty to look into the matter.
That is because we may be called tribunes of the Plebs, but the truth is
that the Constitution places us in a position of general guarantee, both
for paticians and plebeians, while the laws of Nova Roma basically prevent
us from the historical role Tribunes had, which was basically to
straighten acts that were unjust even if legal by (mostly) patrician
magistrates (and of course legal they were, as they were the ones making
the laws and having most of the power anyway), but binding us to use our
power of intercessio only in case of illegal or unconstitutional (which
are truly the same things, considering the leges take their force from the
Constitutio) acts.

So, it proceeds from what stated above that I think to be a precise duty
of the Tribunes to look into a given matter with th ebest of their
abilities when someone request them to act, whatever their personal
opinion on the given matter and regardless the fact they would had not
acted on their own otherwise, and eventually present their conclusions.
Now, since I announced I was looking into the adlection matter a few hours
ago (a thing that, actually, I thought obvious, but anyway...) I got to
read lots of mails, both on the mailing list and in my private mailbox.
Most of those were basically mails telling me what I should have done,
some actually added why I should have done it, but almost all of them
(some were actually replies to requests of mine) were basically attempts
at influencing a decision that each Tribunus should had been left facing
on its own, as a judge should decide on a case without any interference. I
have to say I haven't felt "edificated" by most of those post, quite the
contrary, but I guess that the noise raised to press the magistrates into
taking a given decision were probably common back then in real Rome as
part of the political "game" and one can, at most, be displeased that
thousands of years and a general higher level of education of the
population don't seem to have changed much in that regard.

That said, I now owe the ones who requested the Tribunes intervention the
personal evaluation of this tribunus (leaving the others to follow their
own way to reach a conclusion, if they'll decide to address the matter.
One already had and decided to bail out on the line that she will never
veto an act taken by an elected rapresentative.. oh well..) on the matter
and the reason why this tribunus does not see a ground for intercessio in
this case. I hope everyone involved and having an interest in the matter
(actually, considering we are dealing about the Senate's composition, one
would hope everyone is interestd) will realize I've looked into the matter
as fairly and with all the good faith and capacities I have.

First of all, I do consider Censor Marinus' words on Religio's belief
being or being not a criterion for adlection irrelevant. Leaving aside the
matter if words said on non official venues being admissible for producing
any given effect in Nova Roma, it is a matter of fact that Public respect
of the Religio Romana cannot be a criterion for adlection at the senate
and therefore should be ignored. I understand the bitterness my statement
must create in the religio practitioners, but I'm forced to abide to the
letter of the Constitution and by what can, by logic, be derived by that.
Now, the Consitutio places public Religio-wise standards of behaviour on
Senators and magistrates ("All magistrates and Senators, as officers of
the State, shall be required to publicly show respect for the Religio
Romana and the Gods and Goddesses that made Rome great."), but at the
moment a judgment for adlectio passes over a possible candidate, he is not
yet a Senator and can't possibly be asked to comply to duties that are
imposed on Senators, because until adlection, they are like private
citizens, to whom is simply required not to intentionally defame or
blaspheme the Gods. It would be illogic to ask the Censores to consider
any kind of Religio record about publicly honouring the Gods for a
candidate for the Senate, given that only to the ones who are ALREADY
Senators the Constitutio requires to publicly show respect for the
Religio. In short, you can't ask, and therefore can't consider, to someone
to have held a given behaviour in order to achieve a position when that
behaviour is requested only to people after having achieved that position.
You coulnd't say to a candidate "I'm sorry, I've considered your records
and you can't be adlected because you didn't publicly show respect for the
Religio" for the simple reason the candidate was not required to follow
that behaviour. I hope I made the point clear enough, as english is not,
as you know, my native language and I do realize it's a complicated
reasoning (actually, it's more complicated to explain than it actually is,
but...)

Similarly, the age of the candidates is irrelevant. It might sound as
illogic and probably it is, but while there are age limits for some
magistracies, there is not, or I couldn't find and no one was able to
point me at, a minimum age requirement for Senate adlectio within Nova
Roman legislation. Even if one would like to go on the historical way (my
second criterion of judgment, lacking express nova roman legislation), one
would have to conclude that anyone who is able to be elected as Questor
is, agewise, able to be adlected at the Senate, given that back then being
elected as such automatically gave you a seat at the Senate. I think every
single ones of teh new senators are of age for being Quaestores.

Just the same, the fact the new adlected ones, or rather most of them,
bring forward the banner of a given side of the Nova Roman political
spectrum is maybe a matter of reflection on the state of the political
debate within Nova Roma, but legally irrelevant as it is not prescribed,
required, not even hinted anywhere that the Senate must be "politically
balanced". Surely it is not in the Costitutio of Nova Roma, nor it is in
the Lex Vedia Senatoria, not anyone was able to point me to a relevant
piece of Nova Roman legislation. At the same time, definitely, I couldn't
look at the historical Senate as an example of political balance either,
because if it true tht theee were some social customs that, at least until
the II century BC, avoided a given "party" to permanently prevail on the
others, it is a fact that in some given period a given group of families
prevailed on others and it as perfectly normal to be so.

It was raised the point (privately) that only a sitting Propraetor could
be adlected in the Senate and after having served six months of their term
and that would make invalid, at least, Pompeia Strabo's Adlection. Now,
the Lex Vedia Senatoria says "Any individual elected to the office of
curule aedile or appointed to the office of provincial governor may, at
the discretion of the censors, be included in the album Senatorum six
months after assuming office (assuming that the individual was not already
a member of the Senate)." and leaves the door opens to several
interpretations:

a) only a sitting provincial governor can be adlected any time after 6
months
b) only sitting provincial governors can be adlected exactly after 6
months, not a day before nor a day after
c) any provincial governor, sitting or past, can be adlected after having
"ruled" for at least 6 months
d) various others depending how wide is the reader's imagination.

Here, I have to take make a judgment call and I have to say that I think
that the correct reading of the law is that anyone who has served for at
least 6 months as Curule Aedile or Provincial Governor can be adlected at
any time. That is, again, *my own* reading, which means any other Tribunus
thinking that the governor must be sitting to be adlected could, in my
opinion, issue a lgitimate veto against the adlection of Pompeia Strabo
basing on the fact she is not a sitting Propaetor right now. I'd have to
counter-veto him or her, tho, basing my decision on the previosly reported
interpretation that I feel like embracing.

With that, I think I've addressed every concern that was raised. If I've
overlooked any, please call my attention over them and I will address
those as well, as I think any citizen is owed an answer when he ask for
the tribunes to act on a given matter, wheter they will act or not. We are
here for the people, in the end, all the people.

valete

Domitius Constantinus Fuscus
Founder of Gens Constantinia
Tribunus Plebis
Aedilis Urbis





Yahoo! Groups Links









[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33190 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re:
Salvete omnes,

Gaius Modius Athanasius makes a good point, which is often overlooked
nowadays:

AthanasiosofSpfd@... wrote:

> Nova Roma is no longer in its infancy. In the beginning it
> might have been necessary to have senators who are young (ie., early
> 20s), but
> after several years of growth it is no longer critical.


It is most definitely true that many of our departures from the example
of Roma Antiqua were necessitated by our relatively small numbers, the
fact that we had so few (none, in many cases!) magistrates "in the
pipeline" to make the full cursus honorum, along with the requisite age
requirements, practical. The same goes for membership in the Senate.

It may well be the case that we have reached a stage where another move
in the direction of Roma Antiqua is warranted.

Please, my fellow Cives; let us take the current disagreement and turn
it into an opportunity to make Nova Roma a bit better and a bit closer
to the ancient example. I won't hog the list with my own suggestions
right off the bat; anyone have any ideas for instituting stricter and
more historical (and practical) qualifications for Senate membership,
and magistracies?

Valete,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus
Pater Patriae
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33191 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Familia ancestral worship
Salve Gnae Iuli,

Gnaeus Iulius Caesar wrote:

> Salve Marine.
>
> I just want to make one point. I do not claim descent from any God
> or Goddess, and can confidently say I never have nor would.

While I appreciate that you wouldn't place Venus and Mars anywhere in
your family tree, I must suppose that as paterfamilias of the Iulia
Caesaria you perform the daily rites to the genus of your familia, and
to the family Lar. Given their association with Venus and Mars, you
must surely be honoring some kind of *spiritual* descent, at very least.
By honoring the name as your own, you have also taken on the
obligation of honoring the spiritual ancestors.

> I only mention this so it doesn't become entangled into NR gossip
> that I did so :) and become later quoted as a fact. :)

Thanks for the clarification. (Now would you care to tell us the truth
about the goat? Was that a moment of drunken revelry, or some kind of
secret oriental rite?)

> I chose the gens Iulia for many reasons, but descent from a deity
> was not one of them <g>

In all seriousness (which the goat comment was not, in case anyone is
wondering) I do hope that you do recall the genus Iulius in your daily
mediatations, whatever form they take. I remember the genus Equitius
along with all my other ancestors, and I hope that by doing so I somehow
manage to reach across the eons and the veil of eternity to those who
bore the name before me.

Vale,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33192 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Salve,
I would like to reply to this in full. I do not have the time at the moment. The questions you posted for me are excellent and I do intend to reply. I will say this. The history of Rome was predominantly written by men. Therefore, anyone reading must be objective especially when dealing with the issue of women. I try to be. I believe that after I have replied to your post in full you'll understand my views though I doubt that you'll be in complete agreement with me. I look forward to our next chat.
Vale,
Servia
----- Original Message -----
From: Maior
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, January 30, 2005 7:45 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: Get a grip, folks



M. Hortensia Maior S. Iuliae Caesaris Metellinae sd:
Salve;
> I can see handing out answers is not a good way to encourage
others to think. So instead I will pose you these questions, and see
what the answers lead you to find.

Why did women want their luxuries back? Why was the repeal of the
Oppian Law important. Why did Hortensia argue against the imposition
of taxes? What is the importance of the Lex Voconia? Why were statues
erected in the Forum thanking Vestal Virgins for political help?
Why did Verginia start the cult of Plebian Chastity? What were the
special rights of the Vestales. How did the guardianship laws for
women change. What does recognition of kinship in the female line
mean? Who had the power to make a will & why is it important?

METELLINA:" In fact most sources that tell about these women do it in
a way to let their reader know that these women were looked down on."

MAIOR: Yes you are quite right in the above. Now, ask yourself,
critically " Are they merely reporting the facts? are they adding
their own opinions or take on these happenings? What is Livy saying?
are these really Cato's words?' Analyze, do not accept.

METELLINA: My point is that men and women in antiquity held power in
very different 'spheres',

MAIOR: good, give historical examples and references to bolster your
point.
I can point out historically that women electioneered very heavily
" Statia asks you to vote for Herrenius and Suettius for the
aedileship". and more see p.214 Women's Life in Greece and Rome. They
also put up monuments to themselves, they were doctors,
businsseswomen, philosphers, slaves, mothers, priestesses.


METELLINA:I also know that they never rallied for women. The ones
that spoke out, like Fulvia, had their own agendas that had nothing
to do with women or the rights of women.

MAIOR: what were women's rights? How would they obtain them?What is
an agenda - political ambition, power? Are these exclusive to men or
women.
>
METELLINA:I will be glad to discuss this further and maybe even
learn a few things myself. For that is the reason I became a citizen
in the first place, to learn.
>
MAIOR: great, there is an excellent booklist there that we've put
together. I'm sure you will enjoy it. I asked a lot of questions, but
that is the point to stir up your own interest and critical
faculties:)
optime vale
M. Hortensia Maior TRP


Valete,
> Servia IULIA CAESARIS Metelliana
>
> P.S. I'll come and check out the site. Like I said, I joined to
learn.
>





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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33193 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Alieni Iuris citizens in the forum
Caius Minucius Scaevola Gnaeus Equitius Marinus S.P.D.

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 07:07:52PM -0500, Bill Gawne wrote:
> Salve Cai Minuci,
>
> Caius Minucius Scaevola wrote:
>
> [addressing Gn. Iulius Caesar]
>
> Please Scaevola, enough. I appreciate that you are an elected
> magistrate and Gn. Iulius Caesar is not, so you do have the social rank
> on him. But let's be gracious. He is a good man, if a bit proud of his
> ancient lineage. Claiming descent from the Goddess Venus is heady
> stuff, and might make any man proud.

I surely did not intend my response to Gn. Iulius Caesar's to be seen as
an official statement of any sort... but you're right, of course.
Responding to his insults should have been beneath my dignity, and I
shall do my best to avoid a repeat of such actions.


Optime vale,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Ridentem dicere verum, quid vetat?
What prohibits us to tell the truth laughing (through a joke)?
-- Horace, "Satirae"
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33194 From: Caius Minucius Scaevola Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Digest No 1789
On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 07:29:16PM -0500, Lucius Equitius wrote:
> L Equitius Cincinnatus Augur Quiritibus salutem dicit
>
> Salvete
>
> L Equitius: Last time we heard from this fellow (Scaevola, Caeso's attack
> poodle)

[snip]

Ah, another of *them*. Thank you for identifying yourself. Ave... atque
vale.

*PLONK!!!*


Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Finis coronat opus.
The ending crowns the work.
-- N/A. Cf. "exitus acta probat".
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33195 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
Salve Flavi Vedi, et salvete Quirites,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus wrote:

> anyone have any ideas for instituting stricter and
> more historical (and practical) qualifications for Senate membership,
> and magistracies?

Indeed I do. Our current criteria for Senate eligibility are
unsupportable. I think that we need to soon draw a line for newly
appointed provincial propraetors gaining eligibility. I would not take
the earned eligibility away from those who have already served, since
that would be reneging on an implicit promise. But we need to overhaul
the entire provincial governor process. Not just because it makes too
many eligible for the Senate, but also because it doesn't serve either
the Senate or the provinces well.

I also think that we need to tighten up the cursus honorum considerably.
We have sufficient consulars now to dispense with allowing praetors to
run for censor. Furthermore, as you and I have discussed before Flavi
Vedi, we ought to seriously consider moving to a practice more like that
of antiquity where two Censors are elected together in special
elections, and serve for 18 months, ending their census with a lustrum.

There are several other things about our cursus honorum that could be
tightened up to bring it more into line with antiquity: We could have
more praetors, we could require service as praetor as a prerequisite to
running for consul, and we could require service as quaestor as a
prerequisite to running for praetor. We could increase the number of
quaestors and require quaestors to serve with the provincial governors.

One thing I don't think we need to do is raise the age requirements. We
have a number of very capable young people who have already taken their
first steps on the cursus honorum, and we ought to let them advance, in
their proper year, if they're capable of doing so.

Vale, et valete quirites,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33196 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
A. Apollónius Cordus Flávió Vedió Germánicó p.p.
omnibusque sal.

> Please, my fellow Cives; let us take the current
> disagreement and turn
> it into an opportunity to make Nova Roma a bit
> better and a bit closer
> to the ancient example. I won't hog the list with my
> own suggestions
> right off the bat; anyone have any ideas for
> instituting stricter and
> more historical (and practical) qualifications for
> Senate membership,
> and magistracies?

Yes! :)

Towards the end of last year I sketched out a proposal
for a cursus which would look something like this:

Two cénsórés every 2-5 years, must be ex-cónsulés.

Two cónsulés, must be ex-praetórés.

Four praetórés, must be ex-aedílés, ex-tribúní, or
governors of at least two (or was it three? I forget)
years' service.

Four aedílés and five tribúní plébis, must be
ex-quaestórés or ex-vígintísexvirí.

This would give us a rather pleasing pyramid with 20
at the bottom, 9 on the next layer, 4 on the next, 2
on the next, and on average between 1 and two-fifths
at the top: in other words, each layer is roughly half
the size of the one below.

At the very, very end of last year Marínus and I began
indeed to draft a léx to this effect, and I'm sure he
would be happy to let a current magistrate take over
the project - I still have the latest draft around
somewhere.

As for age-requirements, well, I don't put too much
store in them. They made sense in the old republic not
only because age brings maturity but also, perhaps
more importantly, age brings experience of and
familiarity with Roman life, customs, and culture. In
our case it's not so: experience of Roman life is
conferred not by age but by length of citizenship. My
own experience is that age makes little difference to
anything here in Nova Róma. I tend to think of those
who became citizens before I did as older than me, and
those who became citizens after I did as younger than
me. I am a good deal younger than my friends Cató and
Trojánus, for instance, but I think of them as being a
year or two younger than me because they joined a year
or two after I did; and similarly I am slightly older
than Metellus, but since we joined at roughly the same
time I regard him as a contemporary.

Undoubtedly age does bring some maturity, and I
wouldn't suggest abandoning age-limits so totally that
we allow toddlers and babes-in-arms to run for cónsul;
but I certainly don't think they ought to be
increased, and indeed if we do move to a compulsory
cursus such as the one I'd like to see then there will
be no need at all to set age-limits for any but the
lowest magistracies - the rest will follow naturally.
But perhaps we ought to look at supplementing
age-requirements with length-of-citizenship
requirements in order better to reproduce the true
effects of the historical Roman age-requirements.





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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33197 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
A. Apollónius Cordus Cn. Equitió marínó amícó
omnibusque sal.

Ah, I see we were writing simultaneously, and my own
long-windedness has lost me the race! ;)





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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33198 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re:
M. Hortensia Maior A. Apollonio Cordo spd;
but not in court! you'd wear them out Corde...:)
optime vale
M. Hortensia Maior TRP


- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "A. Apollonius Cordus"
<a_apollonius_cordus@y...> wrote:
> A. Apollónius Cordus Cn. Equitió marínó amícó
> omnibusque sal.
>
> Ah, I see we were writing simultaneously, and my own
> long-windedness has lost me the race! ;)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33199 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
Salvete Quirites, et salve Corde,

A. Apollonius Cordus wrote:
[...]
> At the very, very end of last year Marínus and I began
> indeed to draft a léx to this effect, and I'm sure he
> would be happy to let a current magistrate take over
> the project - I still have the latest draft around
> somewhere.

I would be quite pleased to help either, or both, consuls with the
promulgation of this effort.

I do think that for practical reasons the consuls need some time to take
care of the business of government required of them before March 1st.
So I haven't yet proposed this idea to them. But I hope that after
they's had a bit of time to draw breath in March we can all discuss this
idea.

Valete Quirites,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33200 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
M.Hortensia Maior S.Iuliae Caesaris Metellinae sd;
I look forward to it as well, nothing like a stimulating
intellectual discussion to get the grey cells working!
Though remember wealthy Romans had slaves, male & female doing all
the dirty work to keep both of them in style!
optime vale
M. Hortensia Maior TRP



In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, <immaculo@b...> wrote:
> Salve,
> I would like to reply to this in full. I do not have the time at
the moment. The questions you posted for me are excellent and I do
intend to reply. I will say this. The history of Rome was
predominantly written by men. Therefore, anyone reading must be
objective especially when dealing with the issue of women. I try to
be. I believe that after I have replied to your post in full you'll
understand my views though I doubt that you'll be in complete
agreement with me. I look forward to our next chat.
> Vale,
> Servia
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33201 From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
In a message dated 1/30/05 8:43:19 A.M. Pacific Standard Time,
AthanasiosofSpfd@... writes:

It seems for the very same
reasons I left the Boni.



Oh come on Modius, we were never this blatant.

Fabius


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33202 From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: You get a grip, Apollonius, you are a newcomer.
In a message dated 1/30/05 8:19:19 A.M. Pacific Standard Time,
a_apollonius_cordus@... writes:

But the cénsórés haven't done anything which goes
contrary to Roman custom, and they have certainly done
nothing illegal. They are acting exactly as their
historical counterparts did. The problem is that they
are doing so in an unhistorical institutional
framework, but that is not their fault. The solution
is not to expect them to adopt some absurd modernist
idea of even-handedness, it is to put back in place
the institutional factors which ought to be limiting
their discretion.
Savete




Well I go away to Utah to work, and look what happens! Nova Roma
disintegrates!
The Censores have indeed done something contrary to Nova Roma custom.
And for you not to realize this, I find rather strange.
You say and I agree with you, that packing the Senate with the Censores
lackeys
is not illegal. Yet it is without precedent. But do you now understand why
it is against
Nova Roma custom? No one has ever done this before. Nor is it needed. The
last time 5 people
received access to the marble bench. was during the dictatorship of Flavius
Vedius and that was during a general reorganization of the Senate.
I find your reference to Livius amusing. I have always encouraged and
believe balance with in the political structure of Nova Roma to be of the utmost
importance. To this end I made sure one of my most outspoken opponents the
former Tribune Lucius Sergius Australicus was placed on the Senate rolls because
he brought balance.
That the fact the real republic never had it is something that I doubt,
Polybios certainly seem to think they did, and I, after studying Roman History
and Culture for twenty years, I have to agree with him.
Granted during the late republic and the various dictatorships balance
became less and less, but it has only been seven years here people, and yet we
have reached the point where I for one would be mobilizing my legiones and
fleeing the City to avoid proscription if such a thing was possible.
One thing the prospective Senators could do is acknowledge that the Censores
made a gross mistake of misjudgement and decline the appointment, and wait
until we can sort this thing out. The duly elected magistrates of course would
retain their seats, since one of requirements of the Praetorship is the
marble bench.
Resigning the bench on a whim is not a requirement, and such a reward for
doing so is an abomination in the eyes of the veterans who have spent their
precious time, money and knowledge in making Nova Roma what it is today. Is it
any wonder we have less than 400 active citizens? No doubt they are hanging
around so that they can be Senators one day as well.
I do hope the people responsible will reflect on their acts and undo them
before the situation degenerates into something terrible and non fixable..

Valete
Q. Fabius Maximus





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33203 From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com Date: 2005-01-30
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
In a message dated 1/30/05 10:21:57 A.M. Pacific Standard Time,
praefectus2324@... writes:

Anybody watching Pompeii, the last day on the History
Channel tonite?




I already have the tape. It ends badly.

Q. Fabius Maximus


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33204 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re:
G. Equitius Cato F. Vedio Germanico quiritibusque S.P.D.

Salve et salvete.

Interestingly enough, Flavius Germanicus, if we were to follow more
historically the actual mos of the ancients it would supply us with
MORE Senators, as election to and fulfillment of a term as quaestor
culminated in being granted a seat in the Senate, as I've mentioned
before. So perhaps a closer look at the cursus honorum itself might
be warranted?

Vale et valete,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33205 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Familia ancestral worship
G. Equitius Cato Gn. Equitio Marino Censore G. Iulio Caeso S.P.D.

Salvete, virii.

I reach back through the mists of time to become more cranky and
obstinate, like *my* namesake :-)

Valete bene,

Cato

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gnaeus Equitius Marinus <gawne@c...>
wrote:
> Salve Gnae Iuli,
>
> Gnaeus Iulius Caesar wrote:
>
> > Salve Marine.
> >
> > I just want to make one point. I do not claim descent from any God
> > or Goddess, and can confidently say I never have nor would.
>
> While I appreciate that you wouldn't place Venus and Mars anywhere in
> your family tree, I must suppose that as paterfamilias of the Iulia
> Caesaria you perform the daily rites to the genus of your familia, and
> to the family Lar. Given their association with Venus and Mars, you
> must surely be honoring some kind of *spiritual* descent, at very
least.
> By honoring the name as your own, you have also taken on the
> obligation of honoring the spiritual ancestors.
>
> > I only mention this so it doesn't become entangled into NR gossip
> > that I did so :) and become later quoted as a fact. :)
>
> Thanks for the clarification. (Now would you care to tell us the truth
> about the goat? Was that a moment of drunken revelry, or some kind of
> secret oriental rite?)
>
> > I chose the gens Iulia for many reasons, but descent from a deity
> > was not one of them <g>
>
> In all seriousness (which the goat comment was not, in case anyone is
> wondering) I do hope that you do recall the genus Iulius in your daily
> mediatations, whatever form they take. I remember the genus Equitius
> along with all my other ancestors, and I hope that by doing so I
somehow
> manage to reach across the eons and the veil of eternity to those who
> bore the name before me.
>
> Vale,
>
> -- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33207 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Nice punch-line.
--- QFabiusMaxmi@... <QFabiusMaxmi@...> wrote:
>
> In a message dated 1/30/05 10:21:57 A.M. Pacific
Standard Time,
> praefectus2324@... writes:
>
> Anybody watching Pompeii, the last day on the
History
> Channel tonite?
>
>
>
>
> I already have the tape. It ends badly.
>
> Q. Fabius Maximus
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been
removed]
>


=====
S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen





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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33208 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Get a grip, folks
Salve,
I'm sitting down here trying to find the answers to all of your questions yet I seem to come back to my own conclusion with everything I read. I'll admit to never going in-depth on women in antiquity but everything that I've come across this evening in my search backs my p.o.v.
I've looked into the Oppian Law and from what I've read they wanted their luxuries back so that they could live as luxuriously as the women who lived outside of Rome. That's what the men wrote. Lucius Valerius, in his motion to repeal the law states: "Of course, if you repeal the Oppian Law, you will not have the power to prohibit that which the law now forbids; daughters, wives, even some men's sisters will be less under your authority-[but] never, while her men are well, is a woman's slavery cast off. It is for the weaker sex to submit to whatever you advise."
Now, it is totally understandable that the women, with Hortensia as their voice, would fight the imposed taxes. These men wanted the money to fight a civil war. They told these women to pay to have their fathers, brothers, and husbands killed in a civil war. She, meaning Hortensia, said she would gladly give it all but not to fight a civil war. A commendable woman. I never said Rome didn't have them.
As for Verginia and the cult of plebian chastity, I haven't found anything connecting the two but I'll take your word for it and continue that search at a later time.
Ah! The Vestal Virgins. Women outside the realm of the paterfamilias. Women who could make a will while their father lived. Women that got front row seats at the games. Also, let us not forget, women that could be buried alive as punishment for failing in their duty. With all of the perks that come with the job I can't help but to think that it may not be worth it. Now, I'm sure it was for them. They were exalted well above the status of the average aristocratic lady. I'm saying aristocratic because I don't think that any of this ever applied to the masses, men or women.
Moving right along to guardianship. I'm going to wing this one(I'm getting a little sleepy.) In the early Republic women were under the potestas of their father until they married. They then came under the potestas of their husband. Later on we find women remaining under the potestas of their father after marriage. In my opinion this was a money scam. I think it all had to do with the dowry but that's another issue entirely. As for later, in the Empire, I'm not sure about guardianship but I do know that if a women had children and her husband dies and she then remarried her children were given into the household of the dead mans family.
The last two questions I'm still unsure about. I honestly don't know anything about recognition of kinship in the female line but, I'll gladly listen and I will look into it. I'm also unsure about the wills and the Lex Voconia so I'll also leave those two alone for now. Though I do know what the Lex was about, I do not know enough to mention it in this reply.
Let's move on. Why did the men write about these women in such bad light and is it fact or opinion? The facts are what is written down and so are the opinions. Meshed together to make a narrative fit for a patriarchal society. They were compelled by their opinion about what women should be. We are talking about men brought up on the stories of women like Lucretia and Cloelia (I'm not sure that is spelled correctly.) They are thinking that 'good' women should sit home and spin wool not be out 'talking to other women's husbands'.
Next, something for reference, some historical examples of my idea that men and women had power in very different spheres. I will do my best. Basically any general information book dealing in ancient Rome states that the women ran the household. I'm not going to sit and debate that point. I do know that some women were held in very high esteem and yes statues were put up for them. Cornelia Gracchi, Iulia Rustica(that spelling may also be wrong) and probably many more. These women epitomized the male view on what women should be. Terentia, a lady we have not mentioned yet, was praised by her husband for her dealings in politics on his behalf. He says it himself in his letters during his exile. As for which letters, I'm not certain because I do not have them here with me. I could probably pull a bunch up on the internet but the hour is late so I won't. All kinds epitaphs tell of the 'good' wife. I wish I could do more to give you good references. I simply do not have them here.
On down the list. Women in that age did not have rights and if they wanted something they rallied a man to their cause. I suspect they had a great deal of power in this manner. Unlike Fulvia many women could get what they wanted without losing respect. And no, personal agendas do not ride one side or the other, they go across the board. She just leaves me with an exceptionally bad vibe. I have never read anything about her that would change my opinion. Please, trust me on this one, no matter how hard I try to read about her in a nonjudgmental way, I find her seething with qualities that disgust me. That is my opinion though and it doesn't count for anything here.
I will end my reply now and hopefully, when you get the opportunity, you can fill me in some more and we can continue our chat.
Vale,
Servia

----- Original Message -----
From: Maior
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, January 30, 2005 9:33 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: Get a grip, folks



M.Hortensia Maior S.Iuliae Caesaris Metellinae sd;
I look forward to it as well, nothing like a stimulating
intellectual discussion to get the grey cells working!
Though remember wealthy Romans had slaves, male & female doing all
the dirty work to keep both of them in style!
optime vale
M. Hortensia Maior TRP



In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, <immaculo@b...> wrote:
> Salve,
> I would like to reply to this in full. I do not have the time at
the moment. The questions you posted for me are excellent and I do
intend to reply. I will say this. The history of Rome was
predominantly written by men. Therefore, anyone reading must be
objective especially when dealing with the issue of women. I try to
be. I believe that after I have replied to your post in full you'll
understand my views though I doubt that you'll be in complete
agreement with me. I look forward to our next chat.
> Vale,
> Servia
>





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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33209 From: Kristoffer From Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
A. Apollonius Cordus wrote:
> Four praetórés, must be ex-aedílés, ex-tribúní, or governors
> of at least two (or was it three? I forget) years' service.

Salve, Aule Apolloni Corde.

The issue here is that of four aediles and five tribunes, only the two
curule aediles are patricians. Maybe once seven of nine (STV!) citizens
are plebeians, this suggestion would have some merit, but until then,
I'd prefer keeping things somewhat "equal" between the classes.

You plebs already have all we have, and two extra magistracies and one
comitia just for you. *sniffles* Poor widdle patricians...maybe we
should institute a magistracy to protect our rights? "Tribuni Patriciae"?

Vale, Titus Octavius Pius.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33210 From: Marcus Iulius Perusianus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Praetors???
M IVL PERVSIANVS PRAETOR TI GALERIO PAVLINO SPD,

ave
actually, I've not received any message from you, Pauline (not
including the other call for a Praetor earlier in this list). Please,
can you send it again to me or to my colleague Faustus? Thanks

vale


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Timothy P. Gallagher"
<spqr753@m...> wrote:
> Salve Romans
>
> Has anybody seen/heard from our praetors? I have business with
their office and they seem to have taken the phone off the hook?
>
>
> Vale
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33211 From: Diana Aventina Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Salvete all,

Just get it over with and appoint every Libra alliance
member to the Senate. LOL!

I've always said that the various Cohorses organized
by Caeso Fabius and Marinus and their gang were much
larger, much better organized and much worse than the
Boni.

Pompeia: When you lost in 2004 in the election for
Praetor and then again as Consul, the people were
saying 'no' to you being in the Senate. Lucky for you
that Marinus appointed you as a Senator thereby
ignoring the will of both the people and the 26
Senators who were elected or appointed honestly...

Valete,
Diana Octavia



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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33212 From: Marcus Iulius Perusianus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Praetors???
M IVL PERVSIANVS PRAETOR TI GALERIO PAVLINO SPD,

ave
actually, I've not received any message from you, Pauline (not
including the other call for a Praetor earlier in this list). Please,
can you send it again to me or to my colleague Faustus? Thanks

vale


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Timothy P. Gallagher"
<spqr753@m...> wrote:
> Salve Romans
>
> Has anybody seen/heard from our praetors? I have business with
their office and they seem to have taken the phone off the hook?
>
>
> Vale
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33213 From: t_octavius_salvius Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
>
> Anybody watching Pompeii, the last day on the History
> Channel tonite?
>
>
>
>
> I already have the tape. It ends badly.
>
> Q. Fabius Maximus
>

Well, you've ruined that for me ;-)

vale

T. Octavius Salvius
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33214 From: FAC Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re:
Salvete Omnes,
I'm very interesting about this law reforming the cursus honorum and
as Marinus knows, I'm working yet about new laws.

Please, Cordus et Marinus, would you discuss with me about this
proposals?
Thank you

Valete
Fr. Apulus Caesar
Senior Consul


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
<gawne@c...> wrote:
> Salvete Quirites, et salve Corde,
>
> A. Apollonius Cordus wrote:
> [...]
> > At the very, very end of last year Marínus and I began
> > indeed to draft a léx to this effect, and I'm sure he
> > would be happy to let a current magistrate take over
> > the project - I still have the latest draft around
> > somewhere.
>
> I would be quite pleased to help either, or both, consuls with the
> promulgation of this effort.
>
> I do think that for practical reasons the consuls need some time
to take
> care of the business of government required of them before March
1st.
> So I haven't yet proposed this idea to them. But I hope that
after
> they's had a bit of time to draw breath in March we can all
discuss this
> idea.
>
> Valete Quirites,
>
> -- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33215 From: AthanasiosofSpfd@aol.com Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Correction Diana...

Praetor, Censor, and Consul.

Gaius Modius Athanasius

In a message dated 1/31/2005 6:21:09 A.M. Eastern Standard Time,
dianaaventina@... writes:

Pompeia: When you lost in 2004 in the election for
Praetor and then again as Consul, the people were
saying 'no' to you being in the Senate. Lucky for you
that Marinus appointed you as a Senator thereby
ignoring the will of both the people and the 26
Senators who were elected or appointed honestly...

Valete,
Diana Octavia





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33216 From: Decimus Iunius Silanus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: A recipe....
....for stuffed senate, add Libra to taste, certainly
to our CensorsÂ’ liking, and just a sprinkling of
independent :-)

Very good independents they are too, I might add.

Vale

Decimus Iunius Silanus





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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33217 From: philipp.hanenberg@web.de Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: FW: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc.
M. Flavius Philippus Conservatus Flavio Vedio Germanico salutem dicit.


>It may well be the case that we have reached a stage where another move
>in the direction of Roma Antiqua is warranted.
>
>Please, my fellow Cives; let us take the current disagreement and turn
>it into an opportunity to make Nova Roma a bit better and a bit closer
>to the ancient example. I won't hog the list with my own suggestions
>right off the bat; anyone have any ideas for instituting stricter and
>more historical (and practical) qualifications for Senate membership,
>and magistracies?
>
>Valete,
>
>Flavius Vedius Germanicus
>Pater Patriae

Apart from the solvency it was common to all municipal authorities (in the republic) that it

a) was elected for only one year (annuity)
b) the offices, to avoid autarchy, were multiple occupied (collegialities)
c) offices could be exercised once and not at the same time only , repetitions were not possible
(except with the Consulat)
d) the offices must be exercised in a certain order (cursus)
e) between two offices must lie a officeless period of two years (biennially)


during the republic

Membership:
The Senate had around 300 members in the middle and late Republic, membership could be stripped by the censors if a Senator was thought to have committed an act "against the public morals." Customarily, all magistrates -- quaestors, aediles (both curulis and plebis), praetors, and consuls -- were admitted to the Senate, but not all senators had been magistrates; those who were not were called senatores pedarii and were not permitted to speak, functioning much like the modern parliamentary backbencher. As a result, the Senate was dominated by established families of patricians and plebeians, as it was much easier for these groups to climb the cursus honorum and acquire speaking rights.

((side note: membership after the one yr term in office and not 6 month))


Hierarchy:
The consuls alternated monthly as president of the Senate, while the princeps senatus functioned as leader of the house. If both consuls were absent (usually because of a war), the senior magistrate, most often the Praetor Urbanus, would act as the president. Among the senators with speaking rights a rigid order defining who could speak when, with a patrician always preceding a plebeian of equal rank.

Notable practices:
There was no limit on debate, and the practice of what is now called the filibuster was a favored trick (a practice which continues to be accepted in the United States Senate today). Votes could be taken by voice vote or show of hands in unimportant matters, but important or formal motions were decided by division of the house; a quorum to do business was necessary, but it is not known how many senators constituted a quorum. The Senate was divided into decuries (groups of ten), each led by a patrician (thus requiring that there would be at least 30 patrician senators at any given time).




Well, how far we want to establish the ancient rules for NR depends on all of us.


Bene vale
Conservatus





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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33218 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: FYI Gaulish language
Salve Romans

FYI

I thought this was an interesting article and I thought I would share it with you.

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus

From the American Scientist:
SCIENCE OBSERVER
Gaul in the Family
Greg Ross<http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AuthorDetail/authorid/485>

Ever since Darwin proposed an evolutionary tree to describe the descent of species, linguists have sought to apply the concept in their own field. But languages can behave in quirky ways, lending to one another, changing in parallel, sometimes even converging. Now historical linguists may stand to benefit by borrowing a second idea from evolutionary biology.

Peter Forster, a geneticist at the University of Cambridge, was attracted by the riddle of Celtic, which developed on the continent as Gaulish in ancient France and northern Italy. It's known that the language jumped to the British Isles, where it evolved into Scots Gaelic, Irish, Welsh and the Breton language of northern France. But did that historic jump occur in one wave or two? And when did it happen?

These are difficult questions to answer, because the Gaulish language and its records were largely eradicated during the Roman conquest. Historical linguists commonly study how words in a language have changed over time, and the paucity of data left open many questions about the history of Celtic's modern descendants on the British Isles.

Forster and his colleague Alfred Toth of the University of Zurich realized that the problem might yield to network analysis, a technique used to trace the evolutionary relationships among genes. By examining the linguistic meanings and functions in Gaulish and comparing them systematically with their known counterparts in other languages, they could infer an evolutionary history for the whole family. Their results, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, provide some intriguing insights into the spread of language in Western Europe, and offer a new tool to linguistic historians.



This is not the first time that linguists have borrowed techniques from other disciplines. If a document has been copied repeatedly-an ancient manuscript, say, or a chain letter-researchers can trace its evolution by identifying "mutations" between generations. Last year, researchers at Rome's La Sapienza University compiled 52 translations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and computed their relative entropy to produce a fairly accurate family tree of Eurasian languages. Forster's phylogenetic technique was valuable because it could reflect "untreelike" reticulations-and could permit time estimates as well.

In order to minimize any bias arising from their own familiarity with the various languages, Forster and Toth began with Gaulish, for which a significant number of bilingual inscriptions have fortunately survived. These could provide valuable contemporary translations, forming a sort of Rosetta stone for understanding the origins of the Celtic languages spoken in Britain.

Starting with these inscriptions, the researchers compiled a list of 35 Indo-European items in 13 languages and applied the phylogenetic technique to analyze their characteristics systematically. Among the first things they noticed, for example, was that verbs precede subjects in the insular Celtic languages under study, but follow them in all the others. They amended the network to reflect this fact, and it grew in complexity as further observations were made.



The finished network displayed branches for English, Greek, Latin and the Romance languages, as expected, and it shed some interesting light on Gaulish and its descendants. Forster and Toth's results suggest that a common Celtic branch emerged early within Indo-European, and that Gaulish (continental Celtic) then divided from insular Celtic, which subsequently split up into Brythonic (Welsh and Breton) and Goidelic (Irish and Scots Gaelic). The "jump" to Britain had occurred in one wave, not two.

The researchers estimated dates for these events by comparing the accumulated differences between modern languages and their ancient ancestors, calibrating with known historical events. This produced an average rate of language change, in this case one lexeme "mutation" every 1,350 years. This would mean that ancestral Indo-European arose in 8100 b.c., plus or minus 1,900 years, considerably earlier than previous estimates of about 4000 b.c. It also suggests that Celtic arrived in Britain in 3200 b.c., plus or minus 1,500 years, before differentiating into the languages of the British Isles.

Forster cautions that future finds of bilingual texts could change the picture, but these results demonstrate the utility of his technique. Among other things, they lend support to the hypothesis that Indo-European languages were spread by early farmers, since agriculture is thought to have arrived in Europe around 6000 b.c. It's not yet clear, though, whether movements of language signify movements of people. "Did the Celtic languages spread by contact, or did the speakers themselves spread, or did both mechanisms happen?" Forster wonders. "This might be answered one day by genetics."-Greg Ross



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33219 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
G. Equitius Cato S. Iuliae Caesariae Metellinae S.P.D.

Salve Iulia Metellina.

Nicely written. I'm getting the image (after doing some reading
myself) of women who were de jure under the potestas of a male society
while de facto somewhat more flexible. I think Cato is a bad example
(though I hate to say so, given my adoptive name), because he was
clearly pretty misogynistic, but he's left over 150 speeeches and
letters dealing with daily life and they're all very much in support
of a severely restricted place for women in society. There were very
few avenues by which a woman could escape the patrepotestas of one or
another man.

One way a daughter could escape her father's authority was by a
marriage "by the hand" --- manus, in which her father literally placed
control of her into her husband's hand at the time of the wedding.
This transferred the father's rights, power and authority to her
husband; it literally removed the daughter from the kinships and
inheritance of her birth family and made her a member of her
husband's family instead, especially insofar as property rights
were
concerned. Her husband's ancestors became hers, as did her
husband's
household gods. There was an alternative to the manus marriage, in
which a woman simply spent three nights per year absent from her
husband's home and in which she remained under her father's
authority
and a part of his gens even while living with her husband. Certainly
from the last decades of the Republic, marriages with manus were
becoming increasingly unfashionable, perhaps due to the increasing
prevalence of divorce and women's desire to retain the more
dependable
privileges of their father's household and estate. Manus marriages
also had some flaws from the groom's point of view because the
wife
then had a financial claim on her husband's estate.

Whether, like her father, the new husband had total authority over his
wife is not clear. Cato claimed that husbands had unlimited
power to judge and punish their wives, and could inflict the death
penalty for drinking or adultery (drinking in a woman was dangerous
because wine had connotations of religious usage, permitted only to
men, as well as its perceived encouragement to infidelity). The
testimony of historians on the husband's ultimate authority
varies, although the unlimited power of a woman's father is clear.
Plutarch states that a husband could only initiate a divorce on the
grounds of adultery, poisoning the husband's children, or
counterfeiting his keys (presumably, to let in a lover). If he
divorced his wife for other reasons, she was entitled to one-half his
property, while the other half was consecrated to the goddess Ceres.

"If you should take your wife in adultery, you may with impunity put
her to death without a trial; but if you should commit adultery or
indecency, she must not presume to lay a finger on you, nor does the
law allow it." - Livy, History of Rome, 34.3 (quoting Cato)

However, multiple marriages were the norm at least in upper-class
society by the time of the late Republic. This may have been partly
due to the shorter life span of women; throughout the ancient world
the childbearing years were extremely dangerous to women, many of whom
died between age 25-35. Husbands were frequently in need of a
replacement wife following the death of a spouse. Authorities suggest
that there were noticeably more men than women in antique Rome,
although whether this is due to childbirth deaths or the abandonment
or infanticide of unwanted female daughters can never be determined.
Children were regularly abandoned in earlier Roman history,
particularly if they were deformed or if the families could not afford
another child, and some scholars argue that daughters were abnormally
subject to being exposed. Sometimes the children died; sometimes they
were picked up by slavers or sold to brothels. In any event, there is
no question that to be the mother of Roman sons brought a woman far
more honor than to be the mother of daughters.

Republican Rome was similar to contemporary cultures in its emphasis
on the purpose of marriage being to combine estates, property, and
political power and to create children to inherit them, rather than on
the individual affections or happiness of the man and woman involved.
The notion of a "romantic couple" was entirely alien to an upper class
Roman woman, although affection between spouses was considered a
pleasant, if uncommon, fringe benefit of marriage. Marriages were made
to transmit a family's wealth and status and the transfer required
children. Her status as a mother was the single most important and
revered aspect of a woman's life and her husband could divorce
her for barrenness. The Roman state was martial from its inception,
and a constant supply of new soldiers was vital for its survival. Even
the illiterate and powerless lower classes were called the proletarii,
"producers of manpower" and the Lupercalia fertility festival
in February remained one of Rome's most important rites. The
highest
praises were lavished not only on women who had many children, but
also on the mother as the moral template of Rome's future citizen
soldiers. Her fertility was critical to the future of the state; her
ability to raise children equal to the moral needs of the state was
equally vital. Thus women who could exemplify the virtues of Rome and
who could instill it into their sons and daughters were universally
admired and held up as examples of Rome's greatness.

In addition to her duties to support her family's ambitions and
breed her children as true Romans, the late-Republican woman had
almost unlimited purview over the domestic household. Although with
the increased use of slaves following Rome's expansion in the
third
and second centuries BC, a Roman matron was no longer single-handedly
required to weave her family's clothes, cook meals, or teach her
children, still she maintained control over increasingly sophisticated
households of children, relations, and slaves. In addition, the
growing power and wealth of the great families required increasing
efforts to present a fashionable face to the world.

As the responsibilities of women became more significant to their
husbands' prestige and political clout, so education for women
became increasingly more common. Unlike Athens, it became acceptable
in Rome for girls as well as boys to receive elemental education, to
have read "improving" Roman and Greek authors and to be able to
discuss political affairs. Boys then went on to higher studies,
including rhetoric, the passport to political careers, while women
married in their mid-teens. Throughout the Empire, however, a woman
cherished her ability to read and write both as a mark of excellence
and as a sign of her status.

The separation of women enforced by the Greeks had never been the
Roman way; women were permitted to go out in public, attend lectures
and meetings, dine with guests, and conduct their own affairs with
some initiative. At the same time, as moral guardians of the health
and virtue of Rome itself, their behavior was severely scrutinized for
signs of intemperance, sexual laxity, or extravagant (and dangerous)
display.

The serious changes in womens' status began as the Republic crumbled
under the Punic then the Civil Wars. Wealth was flooding into Rome
from her overseas conquests in Italy, Spain, and Carthage. Unlike
Greek law, there were many loopholes for a Roman woman to obtain
control over her own dowry and family inheritance or to overlook the
control of a male guardian. The slow agony of the Punic War
(especially the war against Hannibal, which kept Roman soldiers at war
for many years at a stretch) meant that thousands of women were
required to manage estates in their male relatives' absence.

A typical epitaph on a Republican Roman matron's tomb read:

"Friend, I have not much to stay, stop and read it. This tomb, which
is not fair, is for a fair woman. Her parents gave her the name
Claudia. She loved her husband in her heart. She bore two sons, one
of whom she left on earth, the other beneath it. She was pleasant to
talk with. She walked with grace. She kept the house. She worked in
wool. That is all. You may go."

Not exactly what *we* might find exemplary, given the status of women
today, but this was apparently the highest honor a woman could
receive. Perhaps this issue hearkens back to the difficulty we (or I
should speak only for myself) *I* have in divorcing from the ancients
some of the accrued social and cultural norms of the past 2000 years.
We *want* Roman women to be strong, just as we *want* the Romans all
to be noble and gracious and intelligent; this was simply not the
case, and even they (like we do today) struggled against what they
considered the perfect "character" as opposed to the kinds of people
that actually existed.

Vale bene,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33220 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: A recipe....
--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Decimus Iunius Silanus
<iuniussilanus@y...> wrote:
> ....for stuffed senate, add Libra to taste, certainly
> to our Censors' liking, and just a sprinkling of
> independent :-)
>
> But we are serving the baked Collegium Pontificium for Dessert,
a small base amply spread with
fatty Boni filling
with those Constitutional sprinkles on top!

> M.Hortensia Maior TRP
>
>
>
> ___________________________________________________________
> ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun!
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33221 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
Salvete,

If I may be so bold, I think this is precisely part of the problem.

Let's not discuss such things in private. Let's hash them out here, in
public, with full input from everyone! Surely people besides Cordus,
Marinus, and yourself have worthwhile ideas.

That way, laws can be formulated with at least something approaching
consensus, rather than being plopped down for a vote with little or no
warning.

Valete,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus
Pater Patriae

FAC wrote:

>
> Salvete Omnes,
> I'm very interesting about this law reforming the cursus honorum and
> as Marinus knows, I'm working yet about new laws.
>
> Please, Cordus et Marinus, would you discuss with me about this
> proposals?
> Thank you
>
> Valete
> Fr. Apulus Caesar
> Senior Consul
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33222 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: A recipe....
---

P. Minucia Tiberia Decimo Iunio Silano S.P.D.



In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Decimus Iunius Silanus
<iuniussilanus@y...> wrote:
> ....for stuffed senate, add Libra to taste, certainly
> to our Censors' liking, and just a sprinkling of
> independent :-)
>
> Very good independents they are too, I might add.

Pompeia: Ahh, you're always thinking, eh Silane? ...hmm... the
fashioning of recipes, and goodness knows,eventually even an entire
cookbook from the selection of Senators...very ingenious of you....

Not meaning to quibble of course, but even the least *conservative*
of subscribers to acceptable social conventions, be they antiquated
or modern, will tell you that the *bonus* of any dining agenda is
its dessert. In this case, I am thinking that maybe a recipe for
*sour grapes* might be indicated.

Just a suggestion...
Po
>
> Vale
>
> Decimus Iunius Silanus
>
>
>
>
>
> ___________________________________________________________
> ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun!
http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33223 From: Diana Aventina Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
> Correction Diana...
>
> Praetor, Censor, and Consul.

Thanks Modius! Keeping track of Pompeia's failed
attempts to get back into the Senate is almost as
difficult of keeping track of Tribune Fabia Vera
Arminia Fausta Horica Maiors' new names...

Vale,
Diana



__________________________________
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The all-new My Yahoo! - Get yours free!
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33224 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: You get a grip, Apollonius, you are a newcomer.
A. Apollónius Cordus Q. Fabió Máximó omnibusque sal.

> Well I go away to Utah to work, and look what
> happens! Nova Roma
> disintegrates!

Yeah, we all know you've been holding it together
single-handedly, working tirelessly to foster
consensus and mutual trust, reaching out to your
former opponents in a spirit of friendship, and...
sorry, I think I've confused you with someone else.
Which one are you?

> The Censores have indeed done something contrary to
> Nova Roma custom.

Interesting. So they've contravened "Nova Rome custom"
by behaving in accordance with ancient Roman custom,
and this is a bad thing? That sounds a little bit like
the idea Equitius Cató put forward back in October
when he said that Nova Róma had a tradition (mós) of
permitting women to become pontificés, and that this
tradition overrules the ancient mós of not allowing
women to be pontificés. Tell me, what did you think of
that argument?

> I find your reference to Livius amusing...

If he hadn't been a historian I'm sure he'd have made
a great stand-up.

> ... I have
> always encouraged and
> believe balance with in the political structure of
> Nova Roma to be of the utmost
> importance. To this end I made sure one of my most
> outspoken opponents the
> former Tribune Lucius Sergius Australicus was
> placed on the Senate rolls because
> he brought balance.
> That the fact the real republic never had it is
> something that I doubt,
> Polybios certainly seem to think they did, and I,
> after studying Roman History
> and Culture for twenty years, I have to agree with
> him.

I think you need to read Polybius again. His idea is
that the tensions which held the constitution in
balance were institutional: several different branches
of the constitution acted as separate centres of
power, and as each one pursued its own interests it
pushed against the others, meaning that each
institution kept its competitors in check and produced
balance. This is his profound insight, and it's what
you seem not to have understood.

What you are suggesting is something quite contrary to
Polybius' idea. You are suggesting that balanced
should be achieved not by institutionalized conflict
and competition - not by each institution pursuing its
own interests and trying to hold its own against its
rivals - but by a sort of happy-clappy consensus in
which each institution spontaneously restrains itself
and achieves balance by being nice.

The cénsórés of ancient Rome were expected to adlect
the people they thought best. They were not expected
to adlect a nice balanced selection including as many
enemies as friends. They were restrained, however, by
institutional checks which ensured that they could not
disturb the balance of power too greatly.

The problem here is not that our cénsórés have acted
against tradition. Yes, they have acted against the
tradition of Nova Róma: that it because the tradition
of Nova Róma in this respect is stupid and is
completely unsuited to a Roman republic. The problem
is that we lack the institutional checks which prevent
their perfectly Roman behaviour from having
detrimental effects on the political life of the
republic. You cannot blame the cénsórés for behaving
like Roman cénsórés. If you want to lay blame, you'll
have to lay it at the door of whomever forgot to set a
maximum size for the senate.





___________________________________________________________
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33225 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
M. Hortensia Maior D. Octaviae Aventinae sd;

Senatrix Strabo tied in her last election as Censor with Senator
Sulla, who is subsequently missing, she lost on a coin toss and
comported herself with immense dignity. A pity she did not win and
spare us all the added work of a missing Censor.

As for my own problems with nomenclature they are indeed embarassing
and wearisome, but I am not ashamed to say I have learned from my
researches and reformed my name to be true to the ways of Republican
Rome.
It is no shame to learn and profit from it, quite the opposite I
assume that is why we are here.
bene vale in pace deorum
M. Hortensia Maior TRP

Propraetrix Hiberniae
caput Officina Iuriis
et Investigatio CFQ
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33226 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
A. Apollónius Cordus C. Equitió Catóní amícó
omnibusque sal.

> Interestingly enough, Flavius Germanicus, if we were
> to follow more
> historically the actual mos of the ancients it would
> supply us with
> MORE Senators, as election to and fulfillment of a
> term as quaestor
> culminated in being granted a seat in the Senate, as
> I've mentioned
> before.

Not until the time of Sulla in the late republic,
amíce. Originally the praetúra was the gateway to the
senate; later, after the senate had been depleted
during the second Punic war, it was the aedílitás.

You'll have to wait a little longer, I'm afraid! ;)





___________________________________________________________
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33227 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Salvete,

I think it is somewhat misleading to refer to the breaking of ties
amongst the centuries as merely being "a coin toss", as if it were
merely an appeal to random chance. It is not; it is a procedure to
divine the Will of the Gods, for the furtherance of our Res Publica
through the revelation of Their Divine will. While it may indeed take
the physical form of tossing a coin in the air (and if so, I hope it is
at least a Nova Roman coin that is tossed!), it is far removed from
determining who receives the opening kickoff at a football game. Let's
give it a bit of respect, eh?

Valete,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus
Pater Patriae



Maior wrote:

>
> M. Hortensia Maior D. Octaviae Aventinae sd;
>
> Senatrix Strabo tied in her last election as Censor with Senator
> Sulla, who is subsequently missing, she lost on a coin toss and
> comported herself with immense dignity. A pity she did not win and
> spare us all the added work of a missing Censor.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33228 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
A. Apollónius Cordus T. Octávió Pió omnibusque sal.

> The issue here is that of four aediles and five
> tribunes, only the two
> curule aediles are patricians. Maybe once seven of
> nine (STV!) citizens
> are plebeians, this suggestion would have some
> merit, but until then,
> I'd prefer keeping things somewhat "equal" between
> the classes.

But patricians can be provincial governors, and two
years' service as provincial governor would, in this
system, qualify one for the praetúra too. There are
currently 20 provincial governors. So really
patricians would have a 22 out of 29 chance (76%), not
a 2 out of 9 chance (22%).

And perhaps this would encourage more people to become
plebeians, so that the patricians and the plebeians to
achieve a more historical balance of the population!





___________________________________________________________
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33229 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
M.Hortensia Maior Fl.Vedio Germanico spd;
Salve;
I entirely agree with you, which is why Senator Sulla's behavior is
so distressful and why Senatrix Strabo exhibited true dignitas and
respect for the gods.
in pace deorum
M. Hortensia Maior TRP
>
Salvete,
>
> > give it a bit of respect, eh?
>
> Valete,
>
> Flavius Vedius Germanicus
> Pater Patriae
>
>
>
> Maior wrote:
>
> >
> > M. Hortensia Maior D. Octaviae Aventinae sd;
> >
> > Senatrix Strabo tied in her last election as Censor with Senator
> > Sulla, who is subsequently missing, she lost on a coin toss and
> > comported herself with immense dignity. A pity she did not win and
> > spare us all the added work of a missing Censor.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33230 From: FAC Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re:
Salve Vedius Germanicus,
it's quite strange, I read your mail saying me to talk in public
involving the large majority of citizens. In the same time I receive
other mails saying me to talk not in public avoiding that "newbies"
would be involved in the future of Nr... as said by Asterix, this
Nova Romans are so crazy ;-)

Of course, I'm joking...
In any way I'm absolutely available to report in public the job and
receive the impressions of everyone. I'll do it.

However I would remember you that the Comitiae are the official way
to receive the consensus. Since the Antiquity the voting time is the
moment of the community to express teh own opinion, the most
democratic way to involve the majority of the population.
Theorically we use the Contio time to discuss and eventually to
modify the proposed leges. After the Contio the populus says the own
opinion voting pro or against.

In any way I raise your invitation hoping to soffidy you and
everybody.

Vale bene
Fr. Apulus Caesar
Senior Consul


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Flavius Vedius Germanicus
<germanicus@g...> wrote:
> Salvete,
>
> If I may be so bold, I think this is precisely part of the problem.
>
> Let's not discuss such things in private. Let's hash them out
here, in
> public, with full input from everyone! Surely people besides
Cordus,
> Marinus, and yourself have worthwhile ideas.
>
> That way, laws can be formulated with at least something
approaching
> consensus, rather than being plopped down for a vote with little
or no
> warning.
>
> Valete,
>
> Flavius Vedius Germanicus
> Pater Patriae
>
> FAC wrote:
>
> >
> > Salvete Omnes,
> > I'm very interesting about this law reforming the cursus honorum
and
> > as Marinus knows, I'm working yet about new laws.
> >
> > Please, Cordus et Marinus, would you discuss with me about this
> > proposals?
> > Thank you
> >
> > Valete
> > Fr. Apulus Caesar
> > Senior Consul
> >
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33231 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma] Re:
OSD G. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!


rats!


Valete bene!

Cato

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "A. Apollonius Cordus"
<a_apollonius_cordus@y...> wrote:
> A. Apollónius Cordus C. Equitió Catóní amícó
> omnibusque sal.
>
> > Interestingly enough, Flavius Germanicus, if we were
> > to follow more
> > historically the actual mos of the ancients it would
> > supply us with
> > MORE Senators, as election to and fulfillment of a
> > term as quaestor
> > culminated in being granted a seat in the Senate, as
> > I've mentioned
> > before.
>
> Not until the time of Sulla in the late republic,
> amíce. Originally the praetúra was the gateway to the
> senate; later, after the senate had been depleted
> during the second Punic war, it was the aedílitás.
>
> You'll have to wait a little longer, I'm afraid! ;)
>
>
>
>
>
> ___________________________________________________________
> ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun!
http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33232 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: LONG: On the request of Intercessio
Salve Tribune Domiti Constantine Fusce,

My complements of your handling of this situation. Not only did you
put a great deal of time and effort into this decision but you did a
great job in acting as the Tribune Of The Plebs, especially reacting
as quick as you did. Your clarity on the issue for those of us who
are not legal minds is greatly appreciated I am sure that even those
who wanted to hear a different outcome surely realize this.

Regards,

Quintus Lanius Paulinus






--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Timothy P. Gallagher"
<spqr753@m...> wrote:
> Salve Tribune Domitius Constantinus Fuscus
>
> Thank you for taking the time to study the issue at hand and for
sharing your views with us.
> I wish the Censors had thought a little more about how they did
this but that is not you fault or your responsibility.
> I sincerely appreciate the fact that you took the time to render a
clear and understandable opinion on the matter at hand.
>
> I congratulate the new Senators and wish them well.
>
>
> Vale
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Domitius Constantinus Fuscus<mailto:dom.con.fus@e...>
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Sunday, January 30, 2005 7:13 PM
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] LONG: On the request of Intercessio
>
>
>
> Salve omnes
>
> First of all, before coming to the actual point of the
Intercessio, let me
> state my own point of view about the Tribunes' job. It is my
absolute
> belief that Tribunes in Nova Roma have to act within the nova
roma
> framework when this framework is provided, even if it is not
historical,
> and only when missing directions they should act, if possible
and
> reasonable, following history and, in dubious situations,
following thir
> own judgment of what is right and what is not.
>
> It is also a strong belief of mine that when a citizen, be it
patrician or
> plebeian, address a tribunus about a matter that the legal
framework has
> placed tribunes to attend, it is a precise duty to look into the
matter.
> That is because we may be called tribunes of the Plebs, but the
truth is
> that the Constitution places us in a position of general
guarantee, both
> for paticians and plebeians, while the laws of Nova Roma
basically prevent
> us from the historical role Tribunes had, which was basically to
> straighten acts that were unjust even if legal by (mostly)
patrician
> magistrates (and of course legal they were, as they were the ones
making
> the laws and having most of the power anyway), but binding us to
use our
> power of intercessio only in case of illegal or unconstitutional
(which
> are truly the same things, considering the leges take their force
from the
> Constitutio) acts.
>
> So, it proceeds from what stated above that I think to be a
precise duty
> of the Tribunes to look into a given matter with th ebest of
their
> abilities when someone request them to act, whatever their
personal
> opinion on the given matter and regardless the fact they would
had not
> acted on their own otherwise, and eventually present their
conclusions.
> Now, since I announced I was looking into the adlection matter a
few hours
> ago (a thing that, actually, I thought obvious, but anyway...) I
got to
> read lots of mails, both on the mailing list and in my private
mailbox.
> Most of those were basically mails telling me what I should have
done,
> some actually added why I should have done it, but almost all of
them
> (some were actually replies to requests of mine) were basically
attempts
> at influencing a decision that each Tribunus should had been left
facing
> on its own, as a judge should decide on a case without any
interference. I
> have to say I haven't felt "edificated" by most of those post,
quite the
> contrary, but I guess that the noise raised to press the
magistrates into
> taking a given decision were probably common back then in real
Rome as
> part of the political "game" and one can, at most, be displeased
that
> thousands of years and a general higher level of education of
the
> population don't seem to have changed much in that regard.
>
> That said, I now owe the ones who requested the Tribunes
intervention the
> personal evaluation of this tribunus (leaving the others to
follow their
> own way to reach a conclusion, if they'll decide to address the
matter.
> One already had and decided to bail out on the line that she will
never
> veto an act taken by an elected rapresentative.. oh well..) on
the matter
> and the reason why this tribunus does not see a ground for
intercessio in
> this case. I hope everyone involved and having an interest in the
matter
> (actually, considering we are dealing about the Senate's
composition, one
> would hope everyone is interestd) will realize I've looked into
the matter
> as fairly and with all the good faith and capacities I have.
>
> First of all, I do consider Censor Marinus' words on Religio's
belief
> being or being not a criterion for adlection irrelevant. Leaving
aside the
> matter if words said on non official venues being admissible for
producing
> any given effect in Nova Roma, it is a matter of fact that Public
respect
> of the Religio Romana cannot be a criterion for adlection at the
senate
> and therefore should be ignored. I understand the bitterness my
statement
> must create in the religio practitioners, but I'm forced to abide
to the
> letter of the Constitution and by what can, by logic, be derived
by that.
> Now, the Consitutio places public Religio-wise standards of
behaviour on
> Senators and magistrates ("All magistrates and Senators, as
officers of
> the State, shall be required to publicly show respect for the
Religio
> Romana and the Gods and Goddesses that made Rome great."), but at
the
> moment a judgment for adlectio passes over a possible candidate,
he is not
> yet a Senator and can't possibly be asked to comply to duties
that are
> imposed on Senators, because until adlection, they are like
private
> citizens, to whom is simply required not to intentionally defame
or
> blaspheme the Gods. It would be illogic to ask the Censores to
consider
> any kind of Religio record about publicly honouring the Gods for
a
> candidate for the Senate, given that only to the ones who are
ALREADY
> Senators the Constitutio requires to publicly show respect for
the
> Religio. In short, you can't ask, and therefore can't consider,
to someone
> to have held a given behaviour in order to achieve a position
when that
> behaviour is requested only to people after having achieved that
position.
> You coulnd't say to a candidate "I'm sorry, I've considered your
records
> and you can't be adlected because you didn't publicly show
respect for the
> Religio" for the simple reason the candidate was not required to
follow
> that behaviour. I hope I made the point clear enough, as english
is not,
> as you know, my native language and I do realize it's a
complicated
> reasoning (actually, it's more complicated to explain than it
actually is,
> but...)
>
> Similarly, the age of the candidates is irrelevant. It might
sound as
> illogic and probably it is, but while there are age limits for
some
> magistracies, there is not, or I couldn't find and no one was
able to
> point me at, a minimum age requirement for Senate adlectio within
Nova
> Roman legislation. Even if one would like to go on the historical
way (my
> second criterion of judgment, lacking express nova roman
legislation), one
> would have to conclude that anyone who is able to be elected as
Questor
> is, agewise, able to be adlected at the Senate, given that back
then being
> elected as such automatically gave you a seat at the Senate. I
think every
> single ones of teh new senators are of age for being Quaestores.
>
> Just the same, the fact the new adlected ones, or rather most of
them,
> bring forward the banner of a given side of the Nova Roman
political
> spectrum is maybe a matter of reflection on the state of the
political
> debate within Nova Roma, but legally irrelevant as it is not
prescribed,
> required, not even hinted anywhere that the Senate must
be "politically
> balanced". Surely it is not in the Costitutio of Nova Roma, nor
it is in
> the Lex Vedia Senatoria, not anyone was able to point me to a
relevant
> piece of Nova Roman legislation. At the same time, definitely, I
couldn't
> look at the historical Senate as an example of political balance
either,
> because if it true tht theee were some social customs that, at
least until
> the II century BC, avoided a given "party" to permanently prevail
on the
> others, it is a fact that in some given period a given group of
families
> prevailed on others and it as perfectly normal to be so.
>
> It was raised the point (privately) that only a sitting
Propraetor could
> be adlected in the Senate and after having served six months of
their term
> and that would make invalid, at least, Pompeia Strabo's
Adlection. Now,
> the Lex Vedia Senatoria says "Any individual elected to the
office of
> curule aedile or appointed to the office of provincial governor
may, at
> the discretion of the censors, be included in the album Senatorum
six
> months after assuming office (assuming that the individual was
not already
> a member of the Senate)." and leaves the door opens to several
> interpretations:
>
> a) only a sitting provincial governor can be adlected any time
after 6
> months
> b) only sitting provincial governors can be adlected exactly
after 6
> months, not a day before nor a day after
> c) any provincial governor, sitting or past, can be adlected
after having
> "ruled" for at least 6 months
> d) various others depending how wide is the reader's imagination.
>
> Here, I have to take make a judgment call and I have to say that
I think
> that the correct reading of the law is that anyone who has served
for at
> least 6 months as Curule Aedile or Provincial Governor can be
adlected at
> any time. That is, again, *my own* reading, which means any other
Tribunus
> thinking that the governor must be sitting to be adlected could,
in my
> opinion, issue a lgitimate veto against the adlection of Pompeia
Strabo
> basing on the fact she is not a sitting Propaetor right now. I'd
have to
> counter-veto him or her, tho, basing my decision on the previosly
reported
> interpretation that I feel like embracing.
>
> With that, I think I've addressed every concern that was raised.
If I've
> overlooked any, please call my attention over them and I will
address
> those as well, as I think any citizen is owed an answer when he
ask for
> the tribunes to act on a given matter, wheter they will act or
not. We are
> here for the people, in the end, all the people.
>
> valete
>
> Domitius Constantinus Fuscus
> Founder of Gens Constantinia
> Tribunus Plebis
> Aedilis Urbis
>
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33233 From: Bill Gawne Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: De Divinatio
Salve Flavi Vedi, et salvete Quirites,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus wrote:

> I think it is somewhat misleading to refer to the breaking of ties
> amongst the centuries as merely being "a coin toss", as if it were
> merely an appeal to random chance. It is not; it is a procedure to
> divine the Will of the Gods, for the furtherance of our Res Publica
> through the revelation of Their Divine will.

While a coin toss does provide the Gods with a means by which to influence
the breaking of a tie, I have to quibble just a bit with some of what is
implied here. Neither Rogators nor Diribitors hold the ius auspicium,
and therefore they may not seek answers on behalf of the Quirites from
the Gods. So what they're doing is not Divination. It is, rather, the
production of an opportunity for the Gods, should they wish, to influence
something that is otherwise a random event. Suggesting that the Gods
always choose to influence the coin toss is incorrect according to my
understanding of Roman thought in this matter. Most of the time a tie
breaking coin toss is just a tie breaking coin toss.

Vale,

--
Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33234 From: walkyr@aol.com Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: De Divinatio
Perhaps this will be of help:
Here's some stuff from Marcus Tullius Cicero's
_The Nature of the Gods and On Divination_
translated by C. D. Yonge (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1997)

"XLI. What, now is a lot? Much the same as the game of mora, or dice
[*The Latin has "quod talos jacere, quod tesseras,—tali? being dice with
four flat and two round sides, and ?tesserae? dice with six flat sides.],
and other games of chance, in which luck and fortune are all in all, and
reason and skill avail nothing. These games are full of trick and deceit,
invented for the object of gain, superstition, or error.

"But let us examine the imputed origin of the lots, as we did that of the
system of soothsayers.

"We read in the records of the Praenestines, that Numerius Suffucius,
a man of high reputation and rank, had often been commanded by
dreams (which at last became very threatening) to cut a flint-stone in
two, at a particular spot. Being extremely alarmed at the vision, he
began to act in obedience to it, in spite of the derision of his
fellow-citizens; and he had no sooner divided the stone, than he
found therein certain lots, engraved in ancient characters on oak.
The spot in which this discovery took place is now religiously guarded,
being consecrated to the infant Jupiter, who is represented with Juno
as sitting in the lap of Fortune, and sucking her breasts, and is most
chastely worshipped by all mothers.

At the same time and place in which the Temple of Fortune is now
situated, they report that honey flowed out of an olive. Upon this the
augurs declared that the lots there instituted would be held in the
highest honour; and at, their command, a chest was forthwith made
out of this same olive-tree, and therein those lots are kept by which
the oracles of Fortune are still delivered. But how can there be the
least, which, under Fortune's direction, are shuffled and drawn by
the hands of a child? How were the lots conveyed to this particular
spot, and who cut and carved the oak of which they are composed?

"`Oh,' say they, `there is nothing which God cannot do,' I wish that
he had made these Stoical sages a little less inclined to believe
every idle tale, out of a superstitious and miserable solicitude.

"The common sense of men in real life has happily succeeded in
exploding this kind of divination. It is only the antiquity and
beauty of the Temple of fortune that any longer preserves the
Praenestine lots from contempt even among the vulgar. For what
magistrate, or man of any reputation, ever resorts to them now?
And in all other places they are wholly disregarded; so that
Clitomachus informs us, that with reference to this, Carneades
was wont to say that he had never been so fortunate as when
he saw Fortune at Praeneste. So we will say no more on this topic."
p. 235-236.





V. Ritulia Enodaria


Those who won our independence believed that fear feeds
repression, that repression nurtures hate, that hate
threatens the stability of the government and that the path
to security is found in freely discussing the wounds and
the remedies proposed.
--Louis Brandeis, US Supreme Court Justice


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33235 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: De Divinatio
OSD G. Equitius Cato

salvete omnes.

Perhaps it might be more in accordance with ancient practice to have
representatives of tied candidates draw lots, then?

Valete,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33236 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Sulla
Salvete omnes,

I see that Sulla's name has come up on a few posts over the last
month or so. I think we should, in his case take a wait and see
attitude because I have the gut feeling he could be in rough shape
healthwise and may recieve some awful news one of these days.

Sulla was once upset when he misunderstood a note, thinking I was
going to quit NR and he personally emailed me to say no one in their
right mind "ever" gave up Roman citizenship and I should reconsider.
Furthermore I always found Sulla to be more of an "Uncle Buck" type
character and I am confident both his friends and foes know perfectly
well that if just disillusionment with NR was his main issue, he
would not let himself be cheated by leaving for I could just see him
in the Emperor's throne in the arena, laurels on his head laughing
away, rubbing his hands and enjoying the wine and sweet meats as he
razzed his foes in both the back alley and the main list.

Based on my thoughts above, I pray things are well and hope for his
safe return someday.

Regards,

Quintus Lanius Paulinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33237 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc. (was Re: [Nova-Roma]
A. Apollónius Cordus C. Equitió Catóní amícó
omnibusque sal.

> rats!

No, they don't qualify for the senate until well into
the principate.

;)





___________________________________________________________
ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun! http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33238 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc.
OSD G. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes.

It seems, then after a day or so of furor, that the questions and
concerns voiced by all may be somewhat alleviated by a good close look
at the structure of the cursus honorum and its attendant duties and
honors. I applaud Apollonius Cordus' work and find his proposed
outline very viable; I hope that our magistrates will take the time to
consider this.

Valete bene!

Cato



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "A. Apollonius Cordus"
<a_apollonius_cordus@y...> wrote:
> A. Apollónius Cordus C. Equitió Catóní amícó
> omnibusque sal.
>
> > rats!
>
> No, they don't qualify for the senate until well into
> the principate.
>
> ;)
>
>
>
>
>
> ___________________________________________________________
> ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun!
http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33239 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: De Divinatio
M. Hortensia Maior V. Rituliae Enodiae spd;
many thanks for quoting from De Divinatione, talk about
synchronicity! I have been extremely interested in this cultus of
Fortuna Primagenia of Praeneste. Is there any more material about
this in De Divinatione? Of the sortes? I do practice the adsortes
Vergiliae.
I blast bought a copy of "On the Nature of the Gods" that didn't
also contain this work which I do want.
But we should remember Cicero was a dreary stoic;-)
bene vale in pace deorum
M.Hortensia Maior


> The spot in which this discovery took place is now religiously
guarded,
> being consecrated to the infant Jupiter, who is represented with
Juno
> as sitting in the lap of Fortune, and sucking her breasts, and is
most
> chastely worshipped by all mothers.
>
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33240 From: FAC Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc.
Salve Cato,
I received the proposal by Cordus and Marinus, I'm going to work
about it.
I'll give you all a report as soon as possible.

Vale
Fr. Apulus Caesar
Senior Consul




--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "gaiusequitiuscato"
<mlcinnyc@y...> wrote:
>
> OSD G. Equitius Cato
>
> Salvete omnes.
>
> It seems, then after a day or so of furor, that the questions and
> concerns voiced by all may be somewhat alleviated by a good close
look
> at the structure of the cursus honorum and its attendant duties and
> honors. I applaud Apollonius Cordus' work and find his proposed
> outline very viable; I hope that our magistrates will take the
time to
> consider this.
>
> Valete bene!
>
> Cato
>
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "A. Apollonius Cordus"
> <a_apollonius_cordus@y...> wrote:
> > A. Apollónius Cordus C. Equitió Catóní amícó
> > omnibusque sal.
> >
> > > rats!
> >
> > No, they don't qualify for the senate until well into
> > the principate.
> >
> > ;)
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > ___________________________________________________________
> > ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun!
> http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33241 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc.
Salve Romans

If our magistrates could take a page out of NR past there was once a lex/SC that REQUIRED the posting of proposed Lex to the ML for review and comment. This was done in order to have as much input as possible.

While it was repealed maybe it might be a good Ideal on a voluntary basis.


Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
----- Original Message -----
From: gaiusequitiuscato<mailto:mlcinnyc@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Monday, January 31, 2005 12:33 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Age limitations, the cursus honorum, etc.



OSD G. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes.

It seems, then after a day or so of furor, that the questions and
concerns voiced by all may be somewhat alleviated by a good close look
at the structure of the cursus honorum and its attendant duties and
honors. I applaud Apollonius Cordus' work and find his proposed
outline very viable; I hope that our magistrates will take the time to
consider this.

Valete bene!

Cato



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "A. Apollonius Cordus"
<a_apollonius_cordus@y...> wrote:
> A. Apollónius Cordus C. Equitió Catóní amícó
> omnibusque sal.
>
> > rats!
>
> No, they don't qualify for the senate until well into
> the principate.
>
> ;)
>
>
>
>
>
> ___________________________________________________________
> ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun!
http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com<http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com/>





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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33242 From: Q. Caecilius Metellus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius M. Hortensiae sal. dic.

As regards Strabo's loss in the Censorial elections, I always take coin
tosses and such randomizing as a way of inviting the Gods to intervene.
There was a reason she loss the coin toss. The Gods were watching; while it
may have meant more work for the other half, perhaps it was better that than
what may have been the alternative.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33243 From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Coin Toss, Past Elections, etc.
Salvete Omnes.

Just to set the record straight, a coin toss did not decide the
election for Censor Suffectus between L. Cornelius Sulla Felix and P.
Minucia-Tiberia Strabo. Here is a copy of the announcement:

>>In the contest for Censor, Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix was the choice
of 25 centuries. Pompeia Minucia-Tiberia Strabo was the choice of 18
centuries. 43 Centuries cast votes. There were eight centuries in which
no vote was cast. Therefore the number of centuries required for a
majority was 22. Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix obtained a majority of
centuries in the first round, and is elected Censor suffectus, to serve
as such until the end of this year.<<

The contest that was decided by coin flip was for Praetor Suffectus
between P. Minucia-Tiberia Strabo and myself.

Valete,

G. Popillius Laenas
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33244 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Salve,
I never meant to seem so subservient from the beginning. I am not. Far from it in reality. I also don't suspect that the Roman ladies were to the degree that their men would have us believe. My honest opinion is that they formed relations in much the same way we do now. In Cicero's letters he talks to Terentia as if she wasn't merely his wife but, also his friend. I know that their relationship took a dramatic turn for the worst but, I think it shows an undercurrent of emotion that isn't written in the laws or secured for posterity by ancient historians. Women were placed in subservient positions in AR but, I have no doubt in my mind they were loved and respected by the men. I also don't doubt that there were many women that pulled strings in politics behind the scenes. To be hypothetical (which is my favorite imaginary game) if I were a senators wife don't even think I wouldn't sit around at dinner tossing out wonderful ideas for my guests to think about and maybe even use my feminine wiles to move things into action. The sad fact is that I'm not. Though I'm sure that the more ambitious of those women did. I never meant to say that women had no voice. Just that they don't speak to us as loudly as the men do.
A quote you may find amusing:
"Men," said Marcus Cato, "usually command women; but we command all men, and the women command us." Lives, Marcus Cato, P. 416 (finally, a real source)
Vale,
Servia
----- Original Message -----
From: gaiusequitiuscato
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, January 31, 2005 9:03 AM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)



G. Equitius Cato S. Iuliae Caesariae Metellinae S.P.D.

Salve Iulia Metellina.

Nicely written. I'm getting the image (after doing some reading
myself) of women who were de jure under the potestas of a male society
while de facto somewhat more flexible. I think Cato is a bad example
(though I hate to say so, given my adoptive name), because he was
clearly pretty misogynistic, but he's left over 150 speeeches and
letters dealing with daily life and they're all very much in support
of a severely restricted place for women in society. There were very
few avenues by which a woman could escape the patrepotestas of one or
another man.

One way a daughter could escape her father's authority was by a
marriage "by the hand" --- manus, in which her father literally placed
control of her into her husband's hand at the time of the wedding.
This transferred the father's rights, power and authority to her
husband; it literally removed the daughter from the kinships and
inheritance of her birth family and made her a member of her
husband's family instead, especially insofar as property rights
were
concerned. Her husband's ancestors became hers, as did her
husband's
household gods. There was an alternative to the manus marriage, in
which a woman simply spent three nights per year absent from her
husband's home and in which she remained under her father's
authority
and a part of his gens even while living with her husband. Certainly
from the last decades of the Republic, marriages with manus were
becoming increasingly unfashionable, perhaps due to the increasing
prevalence of divorce and women's desire to retain the more
dependable
privileges of their father's household and estate. Manus marriages
also had some flaws from the groom's point of view because the
wife
then had a financial claim on her husband's estate.

Whether, like her father, the new husband had total authority over his
wife is not clear. Cato claimed that husbands had unlimited
power to judge and punish their wives, and could inflict the death
penalty for drinking or adultery (drinking in a woman was dangerous
because wine had connotations of religious usage, permitted only to
men, as well as its perceived encouragement to infidelity). The
testimony of historians on the husband's ultimate authority
varies, although the unlimited power of a woman's father is clear.
Plutarch states that a husband could only initiate a divorce on the
grounds of adultery, poisoning the husband's children, or
counterfeiting his keys (presumably, to let in a lover). If he
divorced his wife for other reasons, she was entitled to one-half his
property, while the other half was consecrated to the goddess Ceres.

"If you should take your wife in adultery, you may with impunity put
her to death without a trial; but if you should commit adultery or
indecency, she must not presume to lay a finger on you, nor does the
law allow it." - Livy, History of Rome, 34.3 (quoting Cato)

However, multiple marriages were the norm at least in upper-class
society by the time of the late Republic. This may have been partly
due to the shorter life span of women; throughout the ancient world
the childbearing years were extremely dangerous to women, many of whom
died between age 25-35. Husbands were frequently in need of a
replacement wife following the death of a spouse. Authorities suggest
that there were noticeably more men than women in antique Rome,
although whether this is due to childbirth deaths or the abandonment
or infanticide of unwanted female daughters can never be determined.
Children were regularly abandoned in earlier Roman history,
particularly if they were deformed or if the families could not afford
another child, and some scholars argue that daughters were abnormally
subject to being exposed. Sometimes the children died; sometimes they
were picked up by slavers or sold to brothels. In any event, there is
no question that to be the mother of Roman sons brought a woman far
more honor than to be the mother of daughters.

Republican Rome was similar to contemporary cultures in its emphasis
on the purpose of marriage being to combine estates, property, and
political power and to create children to inherit them, rather than on
the individual affections or happiness of the man and woman involved.
The notion of a "romantic couple" was entirely alien to an upper class
Roman woman, although affection between spouses was considered a
pleasant, if uncommon, fringe benefit of marriage. Marriages were made
to transmit a family's wealth and status and the transfer required
children. Her status as a mother was the single most important and
revered aspect of a woman's life and her husband could divorce
her for barrenness. The Roman state was martial from its inception,
and a constant supply of new soldiers was vital for its survival. Even
the illiterate and powerless lower classes were called the proletarii,
"producers of manpower" and the Lupercalia fertility festival
in February remained one of Rome's most important rites. The
highest
praises were lavished not only on women who had many children, but
also on the mother as the moral template of Rome's future citizen
soldiers. Her fertility was critical to the future of the state; her
ability to raise children equal to the moral needs of the state was
equally vital. Thus women who could exemplify the virtues of Rome and
who could instill it into their sons and daughters were universally
admired and held up as examples of Rome's greatness.

In addition to her duties to support her family's ambitions and
breed her children as true Romans, the late-Republican woman had
almost unlimited purview over the domestic household. Although with
the increased use of slaves following Rome's expansion in the
third
and second centuries BC, a Roman matron was no longer single-handedly
required to weave her family's clothes, cook meals, or teach her
children, still she maintained control over increasingly sophisticated
households of children, relations, and slaves. In addition, the
growing power and wealth of the great families required increasing
efforts to present a fashionable face to the world.

As the responsibilities of women became more significant to their
husbands' prestige and political clout, so education for women
became increasingly more common. Unlike Athens, it became acceptable
in Rome for girls as well as boys to receive elemental education, to
have read "improving" Roman and Greek authors and to be able to
discuss political affairs. Boys then went on to higher studies,
including rhetoric, the passport to political careers, while women
married in their mid-teens. Throughout the Empire, however, a woman
cherished her ability to read and write both as a mark of excellence
and as a sign of her status.

The separation of women enforced by the Greeks had never been the
Roman way; women were permitted to go out in public, attend lectures
and meetings, dine with guests, and conduct their own affairs with
some initiative. At the same time, as moral guardians of the health
and virtue of Rome itself, their behavior was severely scrutinized for
signs of intemperance, sexual laxity, or extravagant (and dangerous)
display.

The serious changes in womens' status began as the Republic crumbled
under the Punic then the Civil Wars. Wealth was flooding into Rome
from her overseas conquests in Italy, Spain, and Carthage. Unlike
Greek law, there were many loopholes for a Roman woman to obtain
control over her own dowry and family inheritance or to overlook the
control of a male guardian. The slow agony of the Punic War
(especially the war against Hannibal, which kept Roman soldiers at war
for many years at a stretch) meant that thousands of women were
required to manage estates in their male relatives' absence.

A typical epitaph on a Republican Roman matron's tomb read:

"Friend, I have not much to stay, stop and read it. This tomb, which
is not fair, is for a fair woman. Her parents gave her the name
Claudia. She loved her husband in her heart. She bore two sons, one
of whom she left on earth, the other beneath it. She was pleasant to
talk with. She walked with grace. She kept the house. She worked in
wool. That is all. You may go."

Not exactly what *we* might find exemplary, given the status of women
today, but this was apparently the highest honor a woman could
receive. Perhaps this issue hearkens back to the difficulty we (or I
should speak only for myself) *I* have in divorcing from the ancients
some of the accrued social and cultural norms of the past 2000 years.
We *want* Roman women to be strong, just as we *want* the Romans all
to be noble and gracious and intelligent; this was simply not the
case, and even they (like we do today) struggled against what they
considered the perfect "character" as opposed to the kinds of people
that actually existed.

Vale bene,

Cato





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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33245 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Political Affiliation of the Senate of Nova Roma
Salve Quinte Caecili, et salvete Quirites,

Q. Caecilius Metellus wrote:

> Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius M. Hortensiae sal. dic.
>
> As regards Strabo's loss in the Censorial elections, I always take coin
> tosses and such randomizing as a way of inviting the Gods to intervene.

To this point I completely agree with you. It is inviting the Gods to act.

> There was a reason she loss the coin toss.

But this is something we just do not know. I think we err if we assume
a positive answer from such a coin toss. It's the same sort of error
I'd have been guilty of if I'd reported as favorable auspices something
that was only a case of "the Gods to not forbid it."

> The Gods were watching;

They may have been. They may not have been. I think we presume too
much if we presume they always take an interest in our elections.

It's a very, very dangerous idea to suggest that anytime a person loses
an election by a coin toss the Gods have spoken against that person.
Such a conclusion certainly is not supported by anything I've learned of
Roman divination practices.

Vale,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33246 From: Kristoffer From Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Cursus Honorum
T. Octavius Pius A. Apollonio Cordo sal. (First try at dative greeting,
did I get it?)

A. Apollonius Cordus wrote:
> But patricians can be provincial governors [...]
> patricians would have a 22 out of 29 chance (76%).

_A_ patrician can only ever attempt at one provincial governorship,
unless they move to another province, and that isn't possible unless
their governor resigns and the senate selects them. _A_ patrician can
use three of ten ways into the senate, whereas a plebeian can employ all
ten, 30% versus 100%.

A. Apollonius Cordus wrote:
> And perhaps this would encourage more people to
> become plebeians, so that the patricians and the
> plebeians to achieve a more historical balance
> of the population!

The current gens leges, unless I remember them incorrectly, fixes that,
as only through adoption or birth may new citizens become patricians. No
longer are there gentes whose entire populations are patrician. If a new
citizen wishes to become an Octavia, they either become plebeians or are
formally adopted as...ach...aliena juris?

It's not a quick fix, but in time it should make the numbers more
historical. Though in the long run, we'll probably have to consider
bringing in more patricians, if we keep expanding as we are.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33247 From: Flavius Vedius Germanicus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: The Cursus Honorum and the Senate
Salvete,

FAC wrote:

> However I would remember you that the Comitiae are the official way
> to receive the consensus. Since the Antiquity the voting time is the
> moment of the community to express teh own opinion, the most
> democratic way to involve the majority of the population.
> Theorically we use the Contio time to discuss and eventually to
> modify the proposed leges. After the Contio the populus says the own
> opinion voting pro or against.


At the risk of contradicting our esteemed Consul, I don't believe
consensus is achieved through the vote in the comitiae. The comitiae are
the instrument through which the final decision is made, yea or nay. The
contio is where they discuss the merits of the proposal itself. The
consensus as to what is being voted on comes before that time; in
discussions private and public, in villas and public baths, in the
streets and shops, and, in Nova Roma, here on the Nova-Roma email list.
Word does filter up. I respectfully submit that doing so, and
encouraging it, is a wiser course than dropping fully-formed legislation
out of nowhere. It's not required, but it could be considered "best
practice".

That being said, I have a few ideas of my own, first on the cursus
honorum...

* In Roma Antiqua, it was required for a candidate for office to go
through a stint in the army. Naturally, we don't have such a thing. I
would suggest a minimum time as a Citizen, say 1 year. I could even see
2 at this stage (maybe save that for another change in a couple of
years). What should not be possible is for someone to run for office
before they had had a chance to vote in at least 1 year-end election.
So, 1 year minimum as full (taxes paid) citizen.

* Quaestor must preceed praetor, tribune, and aedile.

* Praetor must preceed consul. Increase the number of praetores to 4.

* Consul must preceed censor.

* Historically, there were age requirements for all of the Curule
magistracies (42 for Consul, for example), and Sulla added a similar
requirement for Quaestor. I would agree that such specific requirements
aren't practical right now, but I do believe that a certain degree of
maturity does come with age. I suggest an overall requirement of 21 for
any magistracy, and 30 for any curule magistracy.

* Historically, no one could hold a curule magistracy without a two year
interval between them. Personally, I see nothing wrong with this
requirement, but it could be argued that we still have too few
magistrates in the pipeline. I do think it's important to have an
interval of a single year, however. So, 1 year interval between curule
magistracies.

So endeth my suggestion for the cursus honorum. Now, in regards to the
Senate (although the two are, of course, linked)...

* Remove the holding of a provincial governorship-- no matter how
long-held-- as a qualification for Senate membership. It is completely
an artifact of a time when people willing (much less qualified) to be
governors were few and far between, and our ex-magistrates were too
thinly scattered to make that a requirement for holding a governorship,
and is completely backwards in terms of Roma Antiqua. (I'd recommend
that provincial governors be required to be ex-magistrates, but that's
probably best held for another discussion.)

* The Senate in Roma Antiqua numbered 900 under Julius Caesar, with a
population of roughly 900,000. It was brought down to 600 by Augustus.
If we were to maintain that same ratio with our current population, we
would have a Senate of just around a single person! Historically, the
300 (in the middle Republic) Senators were chosen by set criteria;
ex-magistrates who were qualified to be in the equestrian order (that
is, 400,000 sesterces' worth of landed property) who weren't guilty of
immoral conduct. The only discretion they had was to "fill in" the
Senate to reach 300 once the number of suitable ex-magistrates had been
exhausted. Ex-magistrates were automatically included between each
Census. So I say cap Senate membership at 40. Give automatic membership
to all ex-magistrates who have held the office of aedile, tribune,
praetor, or consul. Give the Censors discretion to fill in the rest of
the members, with a minimum age requirement of 21 and a minimum
time-as-citizen of 2 years. Senate membership to be re-allocated with
each Census (that is, new discretionary Senators are appointed only
during a Census, but ex-magistrates are automatically added). This is
much closer to the ancient Roman system, while not being so swollen as
to make every person a Senator.

Some of these ideas may seem a bit extreme, but most are only relatively
minor tweaks to what we've got now, and what changes are more major, are
vastly more closely aligned to the ancient example than our current
system. I thank you for your indulgence.

Valete,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus
Pater Patriae
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33248 From: Kristoffer From Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Cursus Honorum
T. Octavius Pius A. Apollonio Cordo sal.

Kristoffer From wrote:
> A patrician can use three of ten ways _into the
> senate_, whereas a plebeian can employ all ten.

Ach, I must be tired. Read "to become eligible for higher offices"
instead of "into the senate".
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33249 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
M.Hortensia Maior S.Iuliae Caesonis Metellinae spd;
Salve Servia Iulia;
well I appreciate your enthusiasim in attacking all those questions I
posed, but they are something I've thought about for years, so there
is no rush:)
But here is something, an historical game for you to play.
Students of Rhetoric used to play this as well, so I think you will
enjoy thinking about this.

M. Porcius Cato the famous Stoic who modeled his behavior on the
ways of ancient Rome had a wife Marcia whom he loved dearly and she
was devoted to him. The orater Hortensius an old man admired Marcia
and wanted to have a child with her.
He asked Cato for Marcia and Cato gave her to him. Marcia lived
with Hortensius until his death and then returned to Cato.
Was Cato virtuous in giving Marcia to Hortensius?
Do you think Marcia was similarly virtuous?

Enjoy! This is a real historical episode, so ponder it well,
optime vale
M.Hortensia Maior TRP
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33250 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: The Cursus Honorum and the Senate
A. Apollónius Cordus Flávió Vedió Germánicó p.p.
omnibusque sal.

> At the risk of contradicting our esteemed Consul, I
> don't believe
> consensus is achieved through the vote in the
> comitiae. The comitiae are
> the instrument through which the final decision is
> made, yea or nay. The
> contio is where they discuss the merits of the
> proposal itself. The
> consensus as to what is being voted on comes before
> that time; in
> discussions private and public, in villas and public
> baths, in the
> streets and shops, and, in Nova Roma, here on the
> Nova-Roma email list.
> Word does filter up. I respectfully submit that
> doing so, and
> encouraging it, is a wiser course than dropping
> fully-formed legislation
> out of nowhere. It's not required, but it could be
> considered "best
> practice".

I agree that magistrates ought to allow a long enough
contió to make it possible for useful feedback to be
incorporated into a proposal. I'm not so sure that
magistrates ought to adopt such a free-form approach
as coming to the forum and saying "hey, guys, I'm
thinking of writing a law, who's got some ideas?" In
some cases this can be constructive, but often it's so
unfocussed as to create a lot of hot air and very
little constructive discussion. Bringing a ready-made
proposal to contió gives a focus and a structure to
the discussion and provides a starting-point for other
people to comment, as long as the magistrate remains
open to the outcome of the discussion.

Early last year the cónsulés actually tried a more
free-form discussion like you suggest, and it didn't
work terribly well. They came with a rough sketch of a
proposal, everyone took it as a fully-formed proposal,
and there were several days of shouting and fighting
as everyone made speeches for and against rather than
making constructive suggestions. They didn't do it
much after that.

I shan't comment on all your suggestions about the
cursus, but you can assume that if I don't comment on
one then I have no criticism or suggestion.

> * In Roma Antiqua, it was required for a candidate
> for office to go
> through a stint in the army. Naturally, we don't
> have such a thing. I
> would suggest a minimum time as a Citizen, say 1
> year. I could even see
> 2 at this stage (maybe save that for another change
> in a couple of
> years). What should not be possible is for someone
> to run for office
> before they had had a chance to vote in at least 1
> year-end election.
> So, 1 year minimum as full (taxes paid) citizen.

That seems very reasonable. Having served a year as a
vígintísexvir, I'd suggest that this too could be
considered roughly equivalent to a stint in the army.
It's not dangerous, but it is very hard and thankless
work which needs to be done, and it is excellent
preparation for the more mundane and tedious aspects
of other magistracies. So it would be nice to get
those offices fixed into the lower rungs of the
cursus.

> * Historically, there were age requirements for all
> of the Curule
> magistracies (42 for Consul, for example), and Sulla
> added a similar
> requirement for Quaestor. I would agree that such
> specific requirements
> aren't practical right now, but I do believe that a
> certain degree of
> maturity does come with age. I suggest an overall
> requirement of 21 for
> any magistracy, and 30 for any curule magistracy.

That's a bit of a generalization. Age requirements
developed gradually over the course of the republic,
but there were no legal minima until 180. I'm pretty
sceptical, as I've said, about the need to make any
increase in the current age-requirements. If behaviour
in this forum is any indicator of maturity then there
is absolutely no reason to believe that a person of 30
will be more mature than one of 25 or even 20. It
would be interesting to have someone visit this forum
and guess people's ages - I think the results would be
quite different from the reality!

> * Historically, no one could hold a curule
> magistracy without a two year
> interval between them. Personally, I see nothing
> wrong with this
> requirement, but it could be argued that we still
> have too few
> magistrates in the pipeline. I do think it's
> important to have an
> interval of a single year, however. So, 1 year
> interval between curule
> magistracies.

Again, the compulsory gap came in only in 180; and
it's important to inquire why it was there. It wasn't
just to break the momentum and stop people enjoying a
long period of uninterrupted popular support, though
it was partly that. It was also a practical thing, to
allow the magistrate time to go out to his province
and then to return, to allow him to be prosecuted for
anything he'd done wrong in office, and to discourage
him from using his office to raise support for his own
election to a higher office. The consideration about
going to and from provinces is irrelevant for us. The
one about using office to drum up support is less
significant, because the resources our magistrates
have at their disposal are much more limited nowadays,
but it still has some force. The one about
prosecutions is important, but it could be solved in
another way (i.e. by forcing a magistrate to take a
year off if a lawsuit is filed against him before the
elections during his year of office).

It's hard to estimate whether the time for a
compulsory year off is ripe yet. It may well be, and I
think it's worth considering. But I really doubt we
need ever consider two years - the practicalities
which required it in the republic simply aren't there
any more.

On your suggestions for the senate, I shall remain
silent, for reasons which may soon become clear. ;)





___________________________________________________________
ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun! http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33251 From: Maxima Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: A recipe....
Maior <rory12001@...> wrote:

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Decimus Iunius Silanus
<iuniussilanus@y...> wrote:
> ....for stuffed senate, add Libra to taste, certainly
> to our Censors' liking, and just a sprinkling of
> independent :-)


But we are serving the baked Collegium Pontificium for Dessert,
a small base amply spread with fatty Boni filling with those Constitutional sprinkles on top!

M.Hortensia Maior TRP


Ah! Recipes, I presume, from the cookbook, "Nova Romans Done Right?"
And watch out for that Boni filling! High on crap, er, I mean, carbs, too.

Maxima Valeria Messallina


---------------------------------
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Yahoo! Search presents - Jib Jab's 'Second Term'

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33252 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Livia was the master of behind the scenes political manuevering, my ex-wife was not...(A long story...)

immaculo@... wrote:Salve,
I never meant to seem so subservient from the beginning. I am not. Far from it in reality. I also don't suspect that the Roman ladies were to the degree that their men would have us believe. My honest opinion is that they formed relations in much the same way we do now. In Cicero's letters he talks to Terentia as if she wasn't merely his wife but, also his friend. I know that their relationship took a dramatic turn for the worst but, I think it shows an undercurrent of emotion that isn't written in the laws or secured for posterity by ancient historians. Women were placed in subservient positions in AR but, I have no doubt in my mind they were loved and respected by the men. I also don't doubt that there were many women that pulled strings in politics behind the scenes. To be hypothetical (which is my favorite imaginary game) if I were a senators wife don't even think I wouldn't sit around at dinner tossing out wonderful ideas for my guests to think about and maybe even use
my feminine wiles to move things into action. The sad fact is that I'm not. Though I'm sure that the more ambitious of those women did. I never meant to say that women had no voice. Just that they don't speak to us as loudly as the men do.
A quote you may find amusing:
"Men," said Marcus Cato, "usually command women; but we command all men, and the women command us." Lives, Marcus Cato, P. 416 (finally, a real source)
Vale,
Servia
----- Original Message -----
From: gaiusequitiuscato
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, January 31, 2005 9:03 AM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)



G. Equitius Cato S. Iuliae Caesariae Metellinae S.P.D.

Salve Iulia Metellina.

Nicely written. I'm getting the image (after doing some reading
myself) of women who were de jure under the potestas of a male society
while de facto somewhat more flexible. I think Cato is a bad example
(though I hate to say so, given my adoptive name), because he was
clearly pretty misogynistic, but he's left over 150 speeeches and
letters dealing with daily life and they're all very much in support
of a severely restricted place for women in society. There were very
few avenues by which a woman could escape the patrepotestas of one or
another man.

One way a daughter could escape her father's authority was by a
marriage "by the hand" --- manus, in which her father literally placed
control of her into her husband's hand at the time of the wedding.
This transferred the father's rights, power and authority to her
husband; it literally removed the daughter from the kinships and
inheritance of her birth family and made her a member of her
husband's family instead, especially insofar as property rights
were
concerned. Her husband's ancestors became hers, as did her
husband's
household gods. There was an alternative to the manus marriage, in
which a woman simply spent three nights per year absent from her
husband's home and in which she remained under her father's
authority
and a part of his gens even while living with her husband. Certainly
from the last decades of the Republic, marriages with manus were
becoming increasingly unfashionable, perhaps due to the increasing
prevalence of divorce and women's desire to retain the more
dependable
privileges of their father's household and estate. Manus marriages
also had some flaws from the groom's point of view because the
wife
then had a financial claim on her husband's estate.

Whether, like her father, the new husband had total authority over his
wife is not clear. Cato claimed that husbands had unlimited
power to judge and punish their wives, and could inflict the death
penalty for drinking or adultery (drinking in a woman was dangerous
because wine had connotations of religious usage, permitted only to
men, as well as its perceived encouragement to infidelity). The
testimony of historians on the husband's ultimate authority
varies, although the unlimited power of a woman's father is clear.
Plutarch states that a husband could only initiate a divorce on the
grounds of adultery, poisoning the husband's children, or
counterfeiting his keys (presumably, to let in a lover). If he
divorced his wife for other reasons, she was entitled to one-half his
property, while the other half was consecrated to the goddess Ceres.

"If you should take your wife in adultery, you may with impunity put
her to death without a trial; but if you should commit adultery or
indecency, she must not presume to lay a finger on you, nor does the
law allow it." - Livy, History of Rome, 34.3 (quoting Cato)

However, multiple marriages were the norm at least in upper-class
society by the time of the late Republic. This may have been partly
due to the shorter life span of women; throughout the ancient world
the childbearing years were extremely dangerous to women, many of whom
died between age 25-35. Husbands were frequently in need of a
replacement wife following the death of a spouse. Authorities suggest
that there were noticeably more men than women in antique Rome,
although whether this is due to childbirth deaths or the abandonment
or infanticide of unwanted female daughters can never be determined.
Children were regularly abandoned in earlier Roman history,
particularly if they were deformed or if the families could not afford
another child, and some scholars argue that daughters were abnormally
subject to being exposed. Sometimes the children died; sometimes they
were picked up by slavers or sold to brothels. In any event, there is
no question that to be the mother of Roman sons brought a woman far
more honor than to be the mother of daughters.

Republican Rome was similar to contemporary cultures in its emphasis
on the purpose of marriage being to combine estates, property, and
political power and to create children to inherit them, rather than on
the individual affections or happiness of the man and woman involved.
The notion of a "romantic couple" was entirely alien to an upper class
Roman woman, although affection between spouses was considered a
pleasant, if uncommon, fringe benefit of marriage. Marriages were made
to transmit a family's wealth and status and the transfer required
children. Her status as a mother was the single most important and
revered aspect of a woman's life and her husband could divorce
her for barrenness. The Roman state was martial from its inception,
and a constant supply of new soldiers was vital for its survival. Even
the illiterate and powerless lower classes were called the proletarii,
"producers of manpower" and the Lupercalia fertility festival
in February remained one of Rome's most important rites. The
highest
praises were lavished not only on women who had many children, but
also on the mother as the moral template of Rome's future citizen
soldiers. Her fertility was critical to the future of the state; her
ability to raise children equal to the moral needs of the state was
equally vital. Thus women who could exemplify the virtues of Rome and
who could instill it into their sons and daughters were universally
admired and held up as examples of Rome's greatness.

In addition to her duties to support her family's ambitions and
breed her children as true Romans, the late-Republican woman had
almost unlimited purview over the domestic household. Although with
the increased use of slaves following Rome's expansion in the
third
and second centuries BC, a Roman matron was no longer single-handedly
required to weave her family's clothes, cook meals, or teach her
children, still she maintained control over increasingly sophisticated
households of children, relations, and slaves. In addition, the
growing power and wealth of the great families required increasing
efforts to present a fashionable face to the world.

As the responsibilities of women became more significant to their
husbands' prestige and political clout, so education for women
became increasingly more common. Unlike Athens, it became acceptable
in Rome for girls as well as boys to receive elemental education, to
have read "improving" Roman and Greek authors and to be able to
discuss political affairs. Boys then went on to higher studies,
including rhetoric, the passport to political careers, while women
married in their mid-teens. Throughout the Empire, however, a woman
cherished her ability to read and write both as a mark of excellence
and as a sign of her status.

The separation of women enforced by the Greeks had never been the
Roman way; women were permitted to go out in public, attend lectures
and meetings, dine with guests, and conduct their own affairs with
some initiative. At the same time, as moral guardians of the health
and virtue of Rome itself, their behavior was severely scrutinized for
signs of intemperance, sexual laxity, or extravagant (and dangerous)
display.

The serious changes in womens' status began as the Republic crumbled
under the Punic then the Civil Wars. Wealth was flooding into Rome
from her overseas conquests in Italy, Spain, and Carthage. Unlike
Greek law, there were many loopholes for a Roman woman to obtain
control over her own dowry and family inheritance or to overlook the
control of a male guardian. The slow agony of the Punic War
(especially the war against Hannibal, which kept Roman soldiers at war
for many years at a stretch) meant that thousands of women were
required to manage estates in their male relatives' absence.

A typical epitaph on a Republican Roman matron's tomb read:

"Friend, I have not much to stay, stop and read it. This tomb, which
is not fair, is for a fair woman. Her parents gave her the name
Claudia. She loved her husband in her heart. She bore two sons, one
of whom she left on earth, the other beneath it. She was pleasant to
talk with. She walked with grace. She kept the house. She worked in
wool. That is all. You may go."

Not exactly what *we* might find exemplary, given the status of women
today, but this was apparently the highest honor a woman could
receive. Perhaps this issue hearkens back to the difficulty we (or I
should speak only for myself) *I* have in divorcing from the ancients
some of the accrued social and cultural norms of the past 2000 years.
We *want* Roman women to be strong, just as we *want* the Romans all
to be noble and gracious and intelligent; this was simply not the
case, and even they (like we do today) struggled against what they
considered the perfect "character" as opposed to the kinds of people
that actually existed.

Vale bene,

Cato





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S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen



---------------------------------
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33253 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: De Divinatio
What about a good old fashioned duel...with pugios? LOL

gaiusequitiuscato <mlcinnyc@...> wrote:
OSD G. Equitius Cato

salvete omnes.

Perhaps it might be more in accordance with ancient practice to have
representatives of tied candidates draw lots, then?

Valete,

Cato







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S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen


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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33254 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Cursus Honorum
A. Apollónius Cordus T. Octávió Pió omnibusque sal.

> T. Octavius Pius A. Apollonio Cordo sal. (First try
> at dative greeting,
> did I get it?)

Yes, spot on!

> _A_ patrician can only ever attempt at one
> provincial governorship,
> unless they move to another province, and that isn't
> possible unless
> their governor resigns and the senate selects them.
> _A_ patrician can
> use three of ten ways into the senate, whereas a
> plebeian can employ all
> ten, 30% versus 100%.

Mm, that's true. Well, I can't really see any way
around that apart from allowing patricians to run for
the plebeian magistracies. It's just the way it worked
in the old days.

But we may well find that after the cénsus we suddenly
have more plebeians than we had before. You see,
according to the most natural interpretation of the
léx Labiena dé gentibus, the only patricians now are
the ones who were patrésfamiliás or mátrésfamiliás of
the old patrician gentés and anyone in their domus
(i.e. anyone with the same nómen and cognómen).
Everyone else became plebeian when the law came into
force.

I know not everyone accepts that interpretation, and
the cénsórés are going to sort it all out during the
cénsus; but this will give many former patricians the
opportunity to choose their status, and it's
impossible to predict how many will choose to be plebeian.





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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33255 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: A recipe....
I've always preferred liberal's head on a plate...yummy, yummy... with a touch of 'Raz' berry.

pompeia_minucia_tiberia <pompeia_minucia_tiberia@...> wrote:
---

P. Minucia Tiberia Decimo Iunio Silano S.P.D.



In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Decimus Iunius Silanus
<iuniussilanus@y...> wrote:
> ....for stuffed senate, add Libra to taste, certainly
> to our Censors' liking, and just a sprinkling of
> independent :-)
>
> Very good independents they are too, I might add.

Pompeia: Ahh, you're always thinking, eh Silane? ...hmm... the
fashioning of recipes, and goodness knows,eventually even an entire
cookbook from the selection of Senators...very ingenious of you....

Not meaning to quibble of course, but even the least *conservative*
of subscribers to acceptable social conventions, be they antiquated
or modern, will tell you that the *bonus* of any dining agenda is
its dessert. In this case, I am thinking that maybe a recipe for
*sour grapes* might be indicated.

Just a suggestion...
Po
>
> Vale
>
> Decimus Iunius Silanus
>
>
>
>
>
> ___________________________________________________________
> ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun!
http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com





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S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen



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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33256 From: P. Minucia Tiberia Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: MAGNA MATER PROJECT BULLETIN JANUARY 2758 A.U.C.
MAGNA MATER PROJECT BULLETIN JANUARY 2758 A.U.C.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Salvete Novae Romae!

And we are in yet another year of working toward the goals of the Magna Mater Project, under the leadership of current Curule Aedile Lucius Iulius Sulla.

We have in addition, the services of our Aedilician Quaestor for 2758, Lucius Rutilius Minervalis. The Cohorte wishes to thank Marcus Iulius Perusianus Curule Aedile 2757, for all his hard work, and Gaius Moravius Laureatus Amoricus for his reliable and much appreciated effort as last year's Aedilician Quaestor.

This year's cohors were officially named by Lucius Iulius Sulla via Edictum Jan. 14. Rather than split ourselves into smaller groups, we are this year instead working as one larger group, although our individual tasks will vary.

The staff for the Magna Mater Project this year includes:

Caius Curius Saturninus (Staff Assistant for Graphics and Editing)
Pompeia Minucia Tiberia (Staff Assistant for Fundraising Initiatives)
Francisus Apulus Caesar Consul
Vestinia Caprenia
Gaius Iulius Caesar Cornelianus
Gaius Moravius Laureatus Amoricus
Gaius Equitius Cato
Manius Constantinus Serapio
Marca Hortensia Maior
Q. Caecilius Metellus Postumianus
Servius Equitius Mercurius Troianus
Lucius Rutilius Minervalis

______________________________________________________________________________



MAGNA MATER GENERAL PLAN


Listed below are the general goals being worked on to the achieve our overall objectives of the Magna Mater Project:

i. Official Website

Thanks to the work of the administration of Marcus Iulius Perusianus Curule Aedile 2757, this is at long last a reality.

A domain has recently been purchased for hosting of our official website http://www.magnamaterproject.org from Aruba.it Servers.

The task which lies ahead is to develop the site in cooperation with University of Rome personnel (more on this below). In addition, the translation of website material to other languages has been discussed, and incorporation of sound dynamics. Three dimensional graphic presentations of the Magna Mater Temple structures as they appeared in antiqua is another work in progress. Have a look!



ii. Material to Promote This Project
....leaflets
....publications
....business cards
....DVD:
To keep you updated on key developments from last year.... filming of portions of the content for the DVD has been accomplished in both Sauvo, Finland, and in Villadose, Italy, during the Mercato della Centuriazione . More content is going to be filmed in Rome soon.There are plans for a movie shoot in the Vallis Murcia, in the Forum Boarium and on the banks of the river Almo (nowadays only a little creek). The first version of the product is expected to be completed at the beginning of next year. Much has yet to be discussed with respect to the most desired distribution/marketing avenues, but we will keep you abreast of any new developments.

iii. A 6-month scholarship for a student of the University of Rome (est. 6,000 Euros)

iv. Multimedia CD ROM
There are three viable options:
a) simple CD of presentation of the Project (10-50 pictures, 5-20 text pages, 100-1000 copies)
b) generic content CD (100-200 pictures, 25-70 text pages, music and audio effects, 3-D animations, more than 1000 copies)
c) professional CD (cost would be higher than the above: pictures, some with reserved rights, 2 or 3 experts in the multimedia field)

__________________________________________________________________________


UNIVERSITY OF ROME AND SOPRINTENDENZA COOPERATION


Our primary contact individual with the University of Rome La Sapienza is Professor Patrizio Pensabene, Dipartimento Di Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche e Antropologiche dell Antichita

http://antichita.let.uniroma1.it/def_eng.htm

Our website texts and accompanying graphics are currently being developed by our cohors, and they will be presented to Professor Pensabene for his inspection and feedback, prior to their appearance on the site. It is a mutual goal of the collaboration of the Magna Mater Project and the University that all academic content on the website be as historically accurate as possible.

________________________________________________________________________________


COHORS AEDILES WEBSITE

For any inquiries concerning the work of the Curule Aedile or the Magna Mater Project in general, please contact Lucius Iulius Sulla @ 21Aprile@...


The address MagnaMater@... remains available as well.

Please visit http://www.insulaumbra.com/aediles/perusianus for a detailed look at the work of the Cohors and the Magna Mater Project.


__________________________________________________________________________


FINANCIAL STATUS AND FUNDRAISING

Currently, our balance is $679.66 EUROS, accounting for monetary conversion rates to EUROS from USD and other currencies.

All donations to this exciting initiative are very much appreciated. Our heartfelt thanks to those who have donated financially to this project.


.If you wish to help out with fundraising, yet don't have time to actively participate, or are perhaps tight on cash, you can help out tremendously by displaying the Magna Mater link on your website. If you have any questions about this please contact Lucius Iulius Sulla Curule Aedile 21Aprile@...

__________________________________________________________________________


PROMOTION OF THE MAGNA MATER PROJECT

........IV Conventus Novae Romae 2758 Roma Italia!

Your chance to convene with other Novae Romae in the Eternal City!!!
And...your chance to tour many of the city's ancient sites, including those of the Magna Mater Project !!!
August 4-11

Please visit the main website page for the link to the details

http://www.novaroma.org

Fill out your passport application if you do not have one, and save your sestertii, amici!




____________________________Fini


































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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33257 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Personally, folks. That's disgusting. If your wife is adored you could not imagine someone else touching her much less 'renting' her for a while. I do't want to start a huge debate, women are aloowed to do as they wish these days (As well they should be.) But a little monogamy goes a long way. This is solely my opinion and I am not beating my chest, to each his own but if you massage, cater to, wash dishes and rub feet I don't think she would want to be lent out.
Sorry folks, just hit a nerve in an old veteran,is all.

Maior <rory12001@...> wrote:

M.Hortensia Maior S.Iuliae Caesonis Metellinae spd;
Salve Servia Iulia;
well I appreciate your enthusiasim in attacking all those questions I
posed, but they are something I've thought about for years, so there
is no rush:)
But here is something, an historical game for you to play.
Students of Rhetoric used to play this as well, so I think you will
enjoy thinking about this.

M. Porcius Cato the famous Stoic who modeled his behavior on the
ways of ancient Rome had a wife Marcia whom he loved dearly and she
was devoted to him. The orater Hortensius an old man admired Marcia
and wanted to have a child with her.
He asked Cato for Marcia and Cato gave her to him. Marcia lived
with Hortensius until his death and then returned to Cato.
Was Cato virtuous in giving Marcia to Hortensius?
Do you think Marcia was similarly virtuous?

Enjoy! This is a real historical episode, so ponder it well,
optime vale
M.Hortensia Maior TRP





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S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen



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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33258 From: Caeso Fabius Quintilianus Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Warning: please show restraint
Salvete Quirites!

Ex Officio Censoris

The Censores have sent warnings to certain officials who have tended
to act contrary to public morality. They appear to be of different
political tendencies. It is time to cool down and start acting with
more restraint!

Caeso Fabius Quintilianus
Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
Censores, Novae Romae
--

Vale

Caeso Fabius Quintilianus
Senior Censor, Consularis et Senator
Proconsul Thules
Sodalitas Egressus Beneficarius et Praefectus Provincia Thules
Editor-in-Chief, Publisher and Owner of Roman Times Quartely
Civis Romanus sum
************************************************
Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
"I'll either find a way or make one"
************************************************
Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33259 From: Maxima Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@...> wrote:

Salve, Quintus Cassius Calvus!

On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 07:16:16PM -0000, Quintus Cassius Calvus wrote:
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Caius Minucius Scaevola <ben@c...>
> wrote:
> > Salve, Marcvs Flavivs Fides; salvete, omnes.
> >
> > On Sun, Jan 30, 2005 at 10:21:17AM -0800, raymond fuentes wrote:
> > > Anybody watching Pompeii, the last day on the History
> > > Channel tonite?
> >
> > Sorry, we're all busy watching "Nova Roma, The Last Day" right
> here.
> > Me, I'm busy taking bets (what do you mean, "it's not part of a
> > Diribitor's job"?)
>
> What's the over/under?

Now, now. It's too early for side scoring yet; I'm still trying to
figure how to rate the "it's already happened" for the Boni and the
"infinity minus epsilon to one" for everybody else.

Tell y'all what - you just send me all the money you want to put on
this, and I'll, uh, let you know what happens eventually, right?
Hopefully, some Brazilian ISP will have a wireless access point at the
beach...

Vale,
Caius Minucius Scaevola


LOL
Oh, what the heck! I'll take a piece of that action.
"The Last Days of Nova Roma" - the uncut, uncensored and unedited version.
See ya on the beach......

Maxima Valeria Messallina


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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33260 From: Maxima Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Maior <rory12001@...> wrote:

M. Hortensia Maior Omnibus spd;
Salve Scaevola
LOL....TV Voiceover: "It all started with those innocent doilies
in the Senate House.."

I told you my putting on a toga in New York would announce the End
Times:) Next stop the Rapture!
guys lighten up, oh Scaevola you're in fine form;-)
MarcaHortensia Maior


We knew there had to a reason. ;)

Maxima Valeria Messallina


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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33261 From: Maxima Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
gaiusequitiuscato <mlcinnyc@...> wrote:

OSD G. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

uhhhh....I don't drive. Will there be any cabbies Left Behind?

Valete,

Cato


Salve, Gaius Equitius Cato

Now, what do you need with cabbies? I thought you had a horse?
I have one, so I'm not worried. Let the End come. My horse will survive all.

Bene vale

Maxima Valeria Messallina


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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33262 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: On The lighter side.
Salve Maxima Messalina!

I'm just afraid that since Nichomachus is such a GOOD horse, he'll
probably get taken up, leaving me behind and whinnying his laughter
hysterically the whole time...

Vale bene,

Cato

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Maxima <violetphearsen@y...> wrote:
> gaiusequitiuscato <mlcinnyc@y...> wrote:
>
> OSD G. Equitius Cato
>
> Salvete omnes!
>
> uhhhh....I don't drive. Will there be any cabbies Left Behind?
>
> Valete,
>
> Cato
>
>
> Salve, Gaius Equitius Cato
>
> Now, what do you need with cabbies? I thought you had a horse?
> I have one, so I'm not worried. Let the End come. My horse will
survive all.
>
> Bene vale
>
> Maxima Valeria Messallina
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> Do you Yahoo!?
> Yahoo! Search presents - Jib Jab's 'Second Term'
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33263 From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: The Cursus Honorum and the Senate
Q. Fabius Maximus SPD

Salvete
I don't believe
consensus is achieved through the vote in the comitiae. The comitiae are
the instrument through which the final decision is made, yea or nay. The
contio is where they discuss the merits of the proposal itself. The
consensus as to what is being voted on comes before that time; in
discussions private and public, in villas and public baths, in the
streets and shops, and, in Nova Roma, here on the Nova-Roma email list.
Word does filter up. I respectfully submit that doing so, and
encouraging it, is a wiser course than dropping fully-formed legislation
out of nowhere. It's not required, but it could be considered "best
practice".
Actually, let's take this one step further. Right now the advice of the
Senate means nothing.
It is the People who are final decision, and often the People do not
understand half the things they are voting on. Also since voting has declined in
Nova Roma, it would appear that they no have wish to.
The People trust their elected magistrates to do the right thing. After all
why elect them? As Apollonius Cordus so eloquently pointed out, the
Magistrates have no reason to act in the people interests except to be elected for
another office. There was an unspoken trust I assume that we operate under, but
none that is codified. That was a mistake.


That being said, I have a few ideas of my own, first on the cursus
honorum...

* In Roma Antiqua, it was required for a candidate for office to go
through a stint in the army. Naturally, we don't have such a thing. I
would suggest a minimum time as a Citizen, say 1 year. I could even see
2 at this stage (maybe save that for another change in a couple of
years). What should not be possible is for someone to run for office
before they had had a chance to vote in at least 1 year-end election.
So, 1 year minimum as full (taxes paid) citizen.
Before you Nova Hommes came along, we had discussed this problem. (Gee
imagine that)
When Nova Roma started there was no tradition, no honorum no anything.
Anybody
who wanted to work on the project found themselves in a position of power
and were rewarded.
We had 19 year old female Provincial Praetors, 16 year old male Provincial
Praetors.
But that was at the beginning. We have 7 years under our belts, and we can
finally add
some structure.

* Quaestor must preceed praetor, tribune, and aedile.

We have always assumed this after 2001. However most Consuls myself included
came from the Aedile's Office. Why? Because we are the most visible to the
People. On the face of it, the Consulship turns out to be a popularity
contest.

The honorum made sense from the Roman POV. Quaestor allowed one to get the
hang of Roman Politics, Praetor its laws. Quaestor was the entry level for
serious Republican politics.

Here in Nova Roma, we went a different way. We allowed the forming of
personal groups. These “cohors” allowed political seasoning but also made the
candidate bound to the man who allowed him to work with him and not Rome. We had
the late Republic recreated perfectly, except we missed the early and middle
part. A lot of Nova Roma observers (mostly college professors) saw this very
thing and warned us against it. As did some astute Nova Roma citizens most
who have since resigned.

Aedile should have nothig to do with our honorum. Aedileships should be open
to the young, since it is the young who have the best ideas of how to
entertain our populace of a virtual nation
Also the Aediles will gain respect for the Religio Romana as they are
charged with setting up
the public celebrations for the various feasts of the Gods. This also allows
our youth to do something, since they are used to the fast track, something
the honorium is designed not to allow.
The same with the lesser positions. Youth should occupy these as well. After
all if they slack off
they get fired. Face it, most magistrates don't need assistants. This is
simple ego stroking.

So Quaestor is the start of honorum. Applicant must have held Roman
citizenship two years and be visible, i.e. posting in the Forum, taking part in
events, holding minor posts an Aedileship, etc.
Minimum age adult, 21 years old. And Quaestors must be evaluated at the end
of their term.
I did nothing during my Quaestorship. Literally I was never called on to
work. But my Questorship was at the end of my political career so I guess they
wanted to leave the old man alone. (Grin).

Praetorship is next. A Quaestor wanting to be a Praetor will have to serve
as a Praetor's Quaestor.
The reason is obvious. Minimum age 30. (Do you want some 22 year old snot
nose kid presiding over your trial?) Praetorship means automatic enterence into
the Senate. Four Preators seem excessive considering our current population.

Consul is the final step of the honorum. He must have followed the honorum
of course AND be a provincial Praetor. (more on that later.) His minimum age
has to be 35. Yes I know we have had younger Consuls and look how well they
did.

Censor. Censor really was never part of the honorum. Yet only Consuls
apparently can be Censors.
Livius has a story about a Praetor who became Censor but that was an
emergency as I recall.

The Senate. We cannot have a top heavy Senate. Right now we have 400 active
citizens give or take 50. The Senate functions best at 23 members with this
populace.
I'd say we cap the enterance to just two a year. If both Praetors are new,
that ends the intake for that year.

Provincial Praetors as Senators. Yes, Yes and we finally have enought to do
so. All Senators should have Praetorship. I.E., to oversee their province were
they live. Because of the internet they can do this. If they refuse to be
involved in day to day activities (which speaks volumes of their interest in
Nova Roma) they can appoint Legates.
The original requirement that Provincial Praetorship of three years should
be set aside.
Sulla instituted that because we wanted to reward merit, three years of
continuous service seemed meritorious enough. However we assumed if that they
were politically bent they would have entered the honorum and started their
climb to political office and achieve membership that way.

I would echo Sulla's original idea of leaving off a year between the office
of Praetor and the office of Consul, if the age requirement is met. I also
believe that we are too young a entity to allow a constant infusion of new blood
in our Magistrates. Rome had the same people in their offices over and over
again for a reason. Continuity.

Finally the College of Pontiffs and the Senate.
I have been doing a lot of reading on the subject of the college, and it is
apparent that all members of the college were Senators except the Reginia and
the V Maximia. I see no reason why this is not the case today. Currently in
the College the bulk of the members are Senators, but that is because most of
us were interested in all aspects of Rome and were here at the beginning. So
uit is a luckly councidence that the College has a presence in the Senate,
not ordained. I believe it should be ordained.

Now, I can just hear our young People saying "Bummer! I can't be Consul
until 35? That's old!" Well exactly. NR is NOT a video game for your benefit. By
the time you are standing for Consul you will have been seasoned, everybody
will have a good idea what your politics are, and there will be no surprises in
store for a gullible Populace.
That is my view. Thanks for listening.

Q. Fabius Maximus.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33264 From: william wheeler Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: to all in Gens Cornelia ! Greetting from the house priestI
Salve ;
Greeting to all Pater Familia of Gens Cornelia;
I Marcus Cornelius Felix;House Priest Patrician Gens Cornelia
need to know who if anyone needs me as there priest for house rites?
I was appt years ago as our (MIA) Pater of the gens is not pagan but
he wanted a pagan priest for the house rites.the Rule is that a pater
does the house rites and if they can not they appt someone/I am
willing to do this for the Gens...
Vale

Sacerdos Templi Mercurius
Sacerdotus Provincia America Boreoccidentalis
Lictor
House Priest Patrician Gens Cornelia
Marcus Cornelius Felix
magewuffa@...


On 31 Jan 2005 01:12:47 -0000, Gens_Cornelia@yahoogroups.com
<Gens_Cornelia@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
>
>
> There is 1 message in this issue.
>
> Topics in this digest:
>
> 1. Fw: (to censores) Gens Cornelia - Emancipation
> From: "TEKasinger" <tekwkp@...>
>
> ________________________________________________________________________
> ________________________________________________________________________
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Sat, 29 Jan 2005 16:42:15 -0800
> From: "TEKasinger" <tekwkp@...>
> Subject: Fw: (to censores) Gens Cornelia - Emancipation
>
> Ave,
>
> Having been out of town I failed to ask for emancipation. I know I was told
> ahead of time. However ...
>
> I'm sharing this because there is a request from the Censor's to have the
> Pater of Familia Cornelia Sulla to contact them. Scroll down to the very
> bottom. That done, I now need to give serious thought about resigning from
> Nova Roma.
>
> Vale,
>
> Lentulus Cornelius Drusus [perhaps ex?]
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Caeso Fabius Quintilianus" <christer.edling@...>
> To: <tekwkp@...>
> Cc: "Censor's Joint Office" <censores@yahoogroups.com>; "Cohors Censoris
> CFQ" <Cohors_Censoris_CFQ@yahoogroups.com>; "Marcia Martiana Gangalia
> Marcella" <polarbear144@...>
> Sent: Saturday, January 29, 2005 4:02 PM
> Subject: Re: (to censores) Gens Cornelia - Emancipation
>
> Salve Honorable Lentulus Cornelius Drusus!
>
> You had until Saturday the 29th 23.59 Rome time to go the easy road
> to emanciption by just sending an emancipation note to the Censores.
> After this time (which is now) You will have to contact the Praetores
> to achieve this.
>
> If You need advise I suggest that You consult Rogatrix Marcia
> Martiana Gangalia Marcella. She should be able to explain the basics
> to You, even if she no longer can execute the emancipation. Her
> address is on the cc line above.
>
> Good Luck!
>
> ** This message was sent via http://www.novaroma.org/contact.php
>
> I am unclear on this subject, since Sulla Felix seems to have
> abandoned Nova Roma, the acting Pater
>
> Well he is no longer a legal Paterfamilias for the Gens Cornelia as
> the law don't recognize such clanleaders anymore. Today the only
> Pater familias that exist are those who never emancipated themselves
> and they now are alieni iuris.
>
> By the way I haven't got any official confirmation from the new Pater
> familias for Familia Cornelia Sulla yet. Please ask him to contact me
> as soon as possible!
>
> is advising Cornelian's to contact you.
>
> I hope this was to some use for You.
> --
>
> Vale
>
> Caeso Fabius Quintilianus
> Senior Censor, Consularis et Senator
> Proconsul Thules
> Sodalitas Egressus Beneficarius et Praefectus Provincia Thules
> Editor-in-Chief, Publisher and Owner of Roman Times Quartely
> Civis Romanus sum
> ************************************************
> Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
> "I'll either find a way or make one"
> ************************************************
> Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
> Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
>
> ________________________________________________________________________
> ________________________________________________________________________
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>


--
Sacerdos Templi Mercurius
Sacerdotus Provincia America Boreoccidentalis
Lictor
House Priest Patrician Gens Cornelia
Marcus Cornelius Felix
magewuffa@...



Condemnant quod non intellegunt

Graecum est; non potest legi

Sentio aliquos togatos contra me conspirare.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33265 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Salve,
I'll have to take my time in replying to the other questions you asked. My curiosity never ceases so I'll definitely reply to the rest.
I'm already familiar with the story of Cato and Marcia. I do not think I would consider either of them virtuous but, I have a different take on the story. Correct me if I'm wrong but, Hortensius was a very rich man. Upon his death Marcia retained his money. Which in turn went to Cato. I believe this was even used against Cato when people tried attacking his character. So, although they may have loved one another, I believe it was a money scam.
Vale,
Servia
----- Original Message -----
From: Maior
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, January 31, 2005 2:42 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)



M.Hortensia Maior S.Iuliae Caesonis Metellinae spd;
Salve Servia Iulia;
well I appreciate your enthusiasim in attacking all those questions I
posed, but they are something I've thought about for years, so there
is no rush:)
But here is something, an historical game for you to play.
Students of Rhetoric used to play this as well, so I think you will
enjoy thinking about this.

M. Porcius Cato the famous Stoic who modeled his behavior on the
ways of ancient Rome had a wife Marcia whom he loved dearly and she
was devoted to him. The orater Hortensius an old man admired Marcia
and wanted to have a child with her.
He asked Cato for Marcia and Cato gave her to him. Marcia lived
with Hortensius until his death and then returned to Cato.
Was Cato virtuous in giving Marcia to Hortensius?
Do you think Marcia was similarly virtuous?

Enjoy! This is a real historical episode, so ponder it well,
optime vale
M.Hortensia Maior TRP





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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33266 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
You massage, cater to, wash dishes, and rub feet? Go ahead and beat that chest!!
Servia
----- Original Message -----
From: raymond fuentes
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, January 31, 2005 3:23 PM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)


Personally, folks. That's disgusting. If your wife is adored you could not imagine someone else touching her much less 'renting' her for a while. I do't want to start a huge debate, women are aloowed to do as they wish these days (As well they should be.) But a little monogamy goes a long way. This is solely my opinion and I am not beating my chest, to each his own but if you massage, cater to, wash dishes and rub feet I don't think she would want to be lent out.
Sorry folks, just hit a nerve in an old veteran,is all.

Maior <rory12001@...> wrote:

M.Hortensia Maior S.Iuliae Caesonis Metellinae spd;
Salve Servia Iulia;
well I appreciate your enthusiasim in attacking all those questions I
posed, but they are something I've thought about for years, so there
is no rush:)
But here is something, an historical game for you to play.
Students of Rhetoric used to play this as well, so I think you will
enjoy thinking about this.

M. Porcius Cato the famous Stoic who modeled his behavior on the
ways of ancient Rome had a wife Marcia whom he loved dearly and she
was devoted to him. The orater Hortensius an old man admired Marcia
and wanted to have a child with her.
He asked Cato for Marcia and Cato gave her to him. Marcia lived
with Hortensius until his death and then returned to Cato.
Was Cato virtuous in giving Marcia to Hortensius?
Do you think Marcia was similarly virtuous?

Enjoy! This is a real historical episode, so ponder it well,
optime vale
M.Hortensia Maior TRP





---------------------------------
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To visit your group on the web, go to:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/

To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
Nova-Roma-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com

Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service.



S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen



---------------------------------
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]



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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33267 From: MARCVS CALIDIVS GRACCHVS Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Sulla
M. CALIDIVS GRACCHVS QVIRITIBVS S.P.D.

SALVETE

I wish to echo the sentiments and wise counsel of my friend
honourable PAVLINVS. Few could truthfully question the
contribution and commitment SVLLA has made to our RES PVBLICA.

QVIRITES, should we not - each of us - send our best wishes to SVLLA
and pray to IVPPITER the best and the greatest on his behalf.

VALETE


M.CALIDIVS M.f.M.n.GRACCHVS

TVVS IN SODILICIO RES PVBLICA ROMANAE










--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael
Kelly)" <mjk@d...> wrote:
>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> I see that Sulla's name has come up on a few posts over the last
> month or so. I think we should, in his case take a wait and see
> attitude because I have the gut feeling he could be in rough shape
> healthwise and may recieve some awful news one of these days.
>
> Sulla was once upset when he misunderstood a note, thinking I was
> going to quit NR and he personally emailed me to say no one in
their
> right mind "ever" gave up Roman citizenship and I should
reconsider.
> Furthermore I always found Sulla to be more of an "Uncle Buck"
type
> character and I am confident both his friends and foes know
perfectly
> well that if just disillusionment with NR was his main issue, he
> would not let himself be cheated by leaving for I could just see
him
> in the Emperor's throne in the arena, laurels on his head laughing
> away, rubbing his hands and enjoying the wine and sweet meats as
he
> razzed his foes in both the back alley and the main list.
>
> Based on my thoughts above, I pray things are well and hope for
his
> safe return someday.
>
> Regards,
>
> Quintus Lanius Paulinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33268 From: Maior Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
M. Hortensia Maior S. Iuliae Caesaris Metellinae sd;
Salve;
Cato was famous as an incorruptible man, I think Metellina you should
give this some deeper thought.
You profess to admire Roman virtues but deny that either Cato or
Marcia posess them.
Perhaps it is your own definition of virtue that you should examine.
If you paterfamilias gave you in marriage to a stranger would you
obey? Don't be facile, don't throw out an answer in without
examining your premises. Think, analyze, critique, especially your
own opinions.
M. Hortensia Maior TRP


I'm already familiar with the story of Cato and Marcia. I do not
think I would consider either of them virtuous but, I have a
different take on the story. Correct me if I'm wrong but, Hortensius
was a very rich man. Upon his death Marcia retained his money.
Which in turn went to Cato. I believe this was even used against
Cato when people tried attacking his character. So, although they
may have loved one another, I believe it was a money scam.
> Vale,
> Servia
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33269 From: immaculo@bellsouth.net Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Salve,
Excuse me. I didn't mean that Cato wasn't virtuous. Just that I see that story in different light. What I've read about Cato I've read in biographies of other prominent men like Caesar, Pompey and Cicero. I know that Cato was a virtuous man, maybe too much so for his contemporaries. That is why when he got Marcia back with her inheritance he was attacked. "Caesar also accused Cato of avarice. That was given as the motive for his divorce of his wife so that she could marry Hortensius and his subsequent remarriage with her when Hortensius left her a rich widow." Party Politics in the Age of Caesar, Taylor, p.171.
If my paterfamilias gave me away in marriage I wouldn't have a choice. But I can't help to agree with Caesar. Doesn't that seem like an odd situation to you? It doesn't fit with his character but he did it. We all make mistakes.
Vale,
Servia
----- Original Message -----
From: Maior
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, January 31, 2005 6:54 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)



M. Hortensia Maior S. Iuliae Caesaris Metellinae sd;
Salve;
Cato was famous as an incorruptible man, I think Metellina you should
give this some deeper thought.
You profess to admire Roman virtues but deny that either Cato or
Marcia posess them.
Perhaps it is your own definition of virtue that you should examine.
If you paterfamilias gave you in marriage to a stranger would you
obey? Don't be facile, don't throw out an answer in without
examining your premises. Think, analyze, critique, especially your
own opinions.
M. Hortensia Maior TRP


I'm already familiar with the story of Cato and Marcia. I do not
think I would consider either of them virtuous but, I have a
different take on the story. Correct me if I'm wrong but, Hortensius
was a very rich man. Upon his death Marcia retained his money.
Which in turn went to Cato. I believe this was even used against
Cato when people tried attacking his character. So, although they
may have loved one another, I believe it was a money scam.
> Vale,
> Servia






------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yahoo! Groups Links

a.. To visit your group on the web, go to:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/

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Nova-Roma-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com

c.. Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service.



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33270 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Salvete omnes,

One fun thing for the guys of Ancient Rome was that there was often a
big age diffence between the men and women and perhaps it would have
been interesting to have a child bride half your age. I only skiffed
near that sort of situation once in my life when a Latino family
lined me up with their daughter who was above 18 but 20 years my
junior. My sister dragged me out for some drinks and smokes and
shaking her head in dismay or gisgust she said, " Michael...Michael,
grey hair and acne just don't mix!"

I see now that she was right since other friends and colleagues
married much younger girls overseas and what she said was so true -
more often than not things didn't work out for them for that reason.
Oh well, perhaps the social cliamate was much different in ancient
Rome and this situation was more of the norm of the rich.


Regards,

Quintus Lanius Paulinus




>
> M. Porcius Cato the famous Stoic who modeled his behavior on the
> ways of ancient Rome had a wife Marcia whom he loved dearly and
she
> was devoted to him. The orater Hortensius an old man admired
Marcia
> and wanted to have a child with her.
> He asked Cato for Marcia and Cato gave her to him. Marcia lived
> with Hortensius until his death and then returned to Cato.
> Was Cato virtuous in giving Marcia to Hortensius?
> Do you think Marcia was similarly virtuous?
>
> Enjoy! This is a real historical episode, so ponder it well,
> optime vale
> M.Hortensia Maior TRP
>
>
>
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
> To visit your group on the web, go to:
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/
>
> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
> Nova-Roma-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
>
> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of
Service.
>
>
>
> S P Q R
>
> Fidelis Ad Mortem.
>
> Marcvs Flavivs Fides
> Roman Citizen
>
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> Do you Yahoo!?
> Yahoo! Search presents - Jib Jab's 'Second Term'
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
----------
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
> a.. To visit your group on the web, go to:
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/
>
> b.. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
> Nova-Roma-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
>
> c.. Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of
Service.
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33271 From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Sulla
--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "MARCVS CALIDIVS GRACCHVS"
<cybernaut911@y...> wrote:
>
> M. CALIDIVS GRACCHVS QVIRITIBVS S.P.D.
>
> SALVETE
>
> I wish to echo the sentiments and wise counsel of my friend
> honourable PAVLINVS. Few could truthfully question the
> contribution and commitment SVLLA has made to our RES PVBLICA.
>
> QVIRITES, should we not - each of us - send our best wishes to SVLLA
> and pray to IVPPITER the best and the greatest on his behalf.
>
> VALETE
>
>
> M.CALIDIVS M.f.M.n.GRACCHVS
>
> TVVS IN SODILICIO RES PVBLICA ROMANAE


Salvete Omnes,

Indeed yes! I have not heard from mi amice Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Felix for some months. I have heard, however, that he is in poor health.

My prayers for one, are with Sulla and his family.

Valete,

G. Popillius Laenas
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33272 From: aoctaviaindagatrix Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: The Cursus Honorum and the Senate
Salvete Omnes,

With regard to the suggestions by Flavius Vedius Germanicus,
there is one point that I think needs serious evaluation before
changing because of the intended path for Nova Roma towards more
real world events. He suggests below that holding a provincial
governorship no longer be qualification for the Senate.

Some areas, and probably a great many more as time goes on, will
become more active with respect to events and activities. This will
very naturally mean more duties for the Governor and a good governor
will promote, plan, hold and work out the logistics for a great many
events. Local education may increase also as population density
increases in some areas. While not all governors will have such busy
schedules, the potential for admission into the Senate is a strong
stimulus to be a good and pro-active governor. We should keep that
avenue open in my opinion and not take away that potential from them.

Valete,
Annia Octavia Indagatrix

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Flavius Vedius Germanicus
<germanicus@g...> wrote:
> Salvete,
>
<SNIP>

> Senate (although the two are, of course, linked)...
>
> * Remove the holding of a provincial governorship-- no matter how
> long-held-- as a qualification for Senate membership. It is
completely
> an artifact of a time when people willing (much less qualified) to
be
> governors were few and far between, and our ex-magistrates were
too
> thinly scattered to make that a requirement for holding a
governorship,
> and is completely backwards in terms of Roma Antiqua. (I'd
recommend
> that provincial governors be required to be ex-magistrates, but
that's
> probably best held for another discussion.)
>
<SNIP>
>
> Valete,
>
> Flavius Vedius Germanicus
> Pater Patriae
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 33273 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-01-31
Subject: Re: Women in RA (was:Re: Get a grip, folks)
Caesar had no room to talk. He would have made the
Trojan man a household icon. Certain aspects of Roman
101 I find irritating.I refuse to swap lovers-sacra!
--- immaculo@... <immaculo@...>
wrote:
> Salve,
> Excuse me. I didn't mean that Cato wasn't virtuous.
Just that I see that story in different light. What
I've read about Cato I've read in biographies of other
prominent men like Caesar, Pompey and Cicero. I know
that Cato was a virtuous man, maybe too much so for
his contemporaries. That is why when he got Marcia
back with her inheritance he was attacked. "Caesar
also accused Cato of avarice. That was given as the
motive for his divorce of his wife so that she could
marry Hortensius and his subsequent remarriage with
her when Hortensius left her a rich widow." Party
Politics in the Age of Caesar, Taylor, p.171.
> If my paterfamilias gave me away in marriage I
wouldn't have a choice. But I can't help to agree
with Caesar. Doesn't that seem like an odd situation
to you? It doesn't fit with his character but he did
it. We all make mistakes.
>
Vale,
>
Servia
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Maior
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> Sent: Monday, January 31, 2005 6:54 PM
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] Women in RA (was:Re: Get a
grip, folks)
>
>
>
> M. Hortensia Maior S. Iuliae Caesaris Metellinae
sd;
> Salve;
> Cato was famous as an incorruptible man, I think
Metellina you should
> give this some deeper thought.
> You profess to admire Roman virtues but deny
that either Cato or
> Marcia posess them.
> Perhaps it is your own definition of virtue that
you should examine.
> If you paterfamilias gave you in marriage to a
stranger would you
> obey? Don't be facile, don't throw out an answer
in without
> examining your premises. Think, analyze,
critique, especially your
> own opinions.
> M. Hortensia Maior TRP
>
>
> I'm already familiar with the story of Cato and
Marcia. I do not
> think I would consider either of them virtuous
but, I have a
> different take on the story. Correct me if I'm
wrong but, Hortensius
> was a very rich man. Upon his death Marcia
retained his money.
> Which in turn went to Cato. I believe this was
even used against
> Cato when people tried attacking his character.
So, although they
> may have loved one another, I believe it was a
money scam.
> >
Vale,
> >
Servia
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
> a.. To visit your group on the web, go to:
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/
>
> b.. To unsubscribe from this group, send an
email to:
> Nova-Roma-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
>
> c.. Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the
Yahoo! Terms of Service.
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been
removed]
>


=====
S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen





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