Selected messages in Nova-Roma group. Oct 23-28, 2005

Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38326 From: Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: The new coins
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38327 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: The True Rome
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38328 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: The True Rome
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38329 From: GAIVS IVLIANVS Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: NR Nation Or NR Club
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38330 From: P. Dominus Antonius Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: The new coins
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38331 From: Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: The new coins
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38332 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: The True Rome
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38333 From: Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: PLEASE OBSERVE: Edictum Censoris CFBQ XXXIX about the end of the Ce
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38334 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: The "Moment of Truth" In Ancient Rome (very long)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38335 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38336 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38337 From: David Kling Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38338 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38339 From: P. Minucia Tiberia Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: The Magna Mater, Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidius, The Dream, The Coi
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38340 From: Maior Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38341 From: Q. Caecilius Metellus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: A Short Survey
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38342 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38343 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38344 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38345 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: a.d. IX Kal. Nov.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38346 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38347 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38348 From: Judy Ridgley Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: A Short Survey
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38349 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: NR Nation Or NR Club
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38350 From: Gregory Titus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: A Short Survey
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38351 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38352 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: The religio survey
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38353 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38354 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: EDICTVM CENSORIVM DE NOMINIBVS MVTANDIS (Joint Censorial Edict
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38355 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38356 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Saylor speaks on ROME!
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38357 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38358 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38359 From: Sensei Phil Perez Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38360 From: David Kling Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38361 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38362 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38363 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38364 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38365 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38366 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38367 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38368 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38369 From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: A Short Survey-Response From Aurelianus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38370 From: Sensei Phil Perez Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Nova Roma as an actual place to live
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38371 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38372 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38373 From: Tiberius Gladius Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Muta
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38374 From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws/The Martiani
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38375 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38376 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Nova Roma as an actual place to live
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38377 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38378 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: The Sheriff Of Boone County
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38379 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: The Sheriff Of Boone County
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38380 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38381 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38382 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38383 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38384 From: P. Dominus Antonius Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: A Good Enough Solution to Martiana Problem
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38385 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: EDICTVM CENSORIVM DE NOMINIBVS MVTANDIS (Joint Censorial Edict
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38386 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38387 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: A Settlement
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38388 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38389 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38390 From: Domitius Constantinus Fuscus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: DE NOMINIBVS MVTANDIS: a mistake and a request of correction
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38391 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: DE NOMINIBVS MVTANDIS: a mistake and a request of correction
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38392 From: Gaius Licinius Crassus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: A Settlement
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38393 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: a.d. VIII Kal. Nov.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38394 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38395 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38396 From: paolo Eutimo Scipio Cristiano Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38397 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38398 From: CN•EQVIT•MARINUS (Gnaeus Equitius Mari Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38399 From: SVM STOICUS Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: DAIMON
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38400 From: David Kling Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38401 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Legal issues arising
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38402 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38403 From: Kyrene Ariadne Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: DAIMON
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38404 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: NR Nation Or NR Club
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38405 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38406 From: Samantha Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38407 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38408 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38409 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38410 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: two new laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38411 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38412 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38413 From: Benjamin A. Okopnik Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38414 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38415 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38416 From: Gaius Licinius Crassus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38417 From: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: NR Nation Or NR Club
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38419 From: Lucius Iulius Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Ludi Victoriae Sullanae open
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38420 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38421 From: Lucius Iulius Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Religious Celebrations of Ludi Victoriae Sullanae
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38422 From: FAC Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38423 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38424 From: Titus Iulius Sabinus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Ludi Victoriae Sullanae
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38425 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38426 From: Stefn Ullarsson Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38427 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38428 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38429 From: jerichomyles2002 Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: New Member
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38430 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: New Member
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38431 From: Benjamin A. Okopnik Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: two new laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38432 From: David Kling Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: New Member
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38433 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: New Member
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38434 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: a.d. VII Kal. Nov.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38435 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: New Member
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38436 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: NR Nation Or NR Club
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38437 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: two new laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38438 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: two new laws
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38439 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38440 From: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: LUDI VICTORIAE SULLANAE - Certamen Historicum #1 (historical contes
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38441 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38442 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38443 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Family name change
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38444 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38445 From: David Kling Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Family name change
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38446 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Family name change
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38447 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Family name change
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38448 From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis-A Suggesti
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38449 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Family name change
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38450 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis-A Sugg
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38451 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Family name change
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38452 From: Maior Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Family name change
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38453 From: M. Lucretius Agricola Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: A citizen puts down the sword
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38454 From: David Kling Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38455 From: M. Lucretius Agricola Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38456 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: a.d. VI Kal. Nov.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38457 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38458 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38459 From: CN•EQVIT•MARINVS (Gnaeus Equitius Mari Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Resignations by magistrates in antiquity
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38460 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Family name change
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38461 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Family name change
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38462 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38463 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Census
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38464 From: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: LUDI VICTORIAE SULLANAE - Certamen Hist. SOLUTION #1
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38465 From: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: LUDI VICTORIAE SULLANAE - Certamen Historicum #1
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38466 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Sulla's Epitaph
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38467 From: Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: ONCE AGAIN PLEASE OBSERVE: Edictum Censoris CFBQ XL about the end o
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38468 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Sulla's Epitaph
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38469 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Sulla's Epitaph
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38470 From: Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Census
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38471 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Census
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38472 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38473 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Two General Questions On Name Changes
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38474 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38475 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: taxpayer update
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38476 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Classical Age ?
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38477 From: iulius sabinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Two General Questions On Name Changes
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38478 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Two General Questions On Name Changes
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38479 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Classical Age ?
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38480 From: Titus Iulius Sabinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: LUDI VICTORIAE SULLANAE - The Q. Caecilius Metellus Coin Auction
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38481 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Two General Questions On Name Changes
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38482 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Classical Age ?
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38483 From: Gaius Minucius Hadrianus Felix Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Good Book
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38484 From: M•IVL•SEVERVS Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38485 From: Titus Sergius Rufinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38486 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38487 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38488 From: Maior Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: Two General Questions On Name Changes
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38489 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: a.d. V Kal. Nov.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38490 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: Two General Questions On Name Changes
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38491 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT 286. AD...
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38492 From: Peter Bird Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38493 From: Domitius Constantinus Fuscus Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38494 From: M. Lucretius Agricola Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38495 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38496 From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38497 From: Kristoffer From Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: The Gracchi
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38498 From: Peter Bird Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38499 From: M. Lucretius Agricola Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38500 From: Sensei Phil Perez Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38501 From: Peter Bird Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38502 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: Two General Questions On Name Changes



Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38326 From: Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: The new coins
Salvete omnes

A small group of dedicated citizens has been hard at work since June designing a new coin for Nova Roma and we have narrowed our mint choices down to two. Now comes the 'easy' part - paying for it.

In our estimation it will cost at least 3500 dollars US to proceed with the minting of the coins. As to this date, we only have 1300 dollars US pledged. I would like to ask anyone who can to please invest in this worthy enterprise. We are not asking for a donation as we will return all invested funds once we begin selling the coins. All profits from the sale of the new coins will be given to Nova Roma's central treasury.

I have started the ball rolling by investing 500 US$ in this project. If anyone wants to join in please send your investment to me, via paypal

vipsaniusagrippa@...

Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38327 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: The True Rome
Salvete Omnes:

I too, have been following this discussion. I have a thought for today.

I would propose, as I think Ive done in this forum in that
past...that 'Rome is where the heart is'.

When will we agree on 'what' is the true Rome, 'where' she is located,
is likely when our hearts start beating more in synch.

Valete
Po
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38328 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: The True Rome
Salvete Po et omnes,

Here is a poem I stumbled across that I found quite reflective and
related to this discussion of where Rome truly is:

Pillars of Ancient Rome

Under the skies of ochre and red,
Where the warmth of the sun never reaches
Drifting past the silent pillars of ancient Rome,
I glimpse fleeting memories of an earlier time.


The oars I abandoned with a fatalistic ease,
And my ties to the world, long since withered and worn,
Tore finally with their descent into the sea,
Leaving me alone at last, accompanied only by my thoughts.


There is no light in the distance I can see,
And no end to these mournful caverns of the dead.
Only a soft, yet persistent breeze,
To gently chide and remind, to breathe life into me.


Occasionally your voice whispers in the darkness,
And an ethereal image in your likeness visits,
Sitting awhile beside me in my aimless journey,
Through this desolate, woeful land.


For though reason and will have fled,
Leaving in their absence only a yearning for something lost,
And though the mind shrouds itself in vagueness and rue,
Rememberances of you are always warm and true.


I regret now what happened all those years in the past,
When I looked into your longing eyes and said farewell,
Beneath skies of gold and red,
And demolished yoru pillars of faith.


The water beneath me is black and brackish,
And my provisions, I fear, are no more.
There is little here to inspire even the slightest of hope,
And this leaves me alone, awaiting destiny.


If you are dancing among the seraphs of heavin,
Know this:
There is a dream that some men enter voluntarily,
From which there is no escape, no awkening,
and though the body may in time depart,
The soul is forever imprisoned and can never leave.


— Demandred


Perhaps we can transfer this to to our files. Sounds like he's
equating Rome to a lover deceased but I see much double meaning with
regards to equating a yearning for a past love to the loss of Rome.


Regards,

QLP

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "pompeia_minucia_tiberia"
<pompeia_minucia_tiberia@y...> wrote:
>
> Salvete Omnes:
>
> I too, have been following this discussion. I have a thought for
today.
>
> I would propose, as I think Ive done in this forum in that
> past...that 'Rome is where the heart is'.
>
> When will we agree on 'what' is the true Rome, 'where' she is
located,
> is likely when our hearts start beating more in synch.
>
> Valete
> Po
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38329 From: GAIVS IVLIANVS Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: NR Nation Or NR Club
Salvete omnes! When I was talking about a geographical
homeland for the RES PVBLICA being ROMA, ITALIA I was
NOT refering to Nova Roma, but the M.T.R. and the
A.R.Q. there in Italia! Valete! GAIVS IVLIANVS

--- Gnaeus Iulius Caesar <gn_iulius_caesar@...>
wrote:

> Salvete omnes.
>
> We have to make a very clear distinction between the
> macronational
> policies and direction of the world's only
> superpower - the USA -
> and the policies and direction of Nova Roma. They
> are not the same.
>
> If Nova Roma is to survive, let alone thrive, it has
> to be inclusive
> not exclusive. That means that neither the old
> world, nor the new,
> can lay claim to be Nova Roma's homeland or eventual
> base.
>
> It is also the height of delusion to imagine that
> Nova Roma will
> somehow be absorbed into the political structure of
> either the USA
> or Italy, or anywhere else. It is flights of fantasy
> like this that
> cause those outside who look through the door of
> Nova Roma to shake
> their head sadly, and move on.
>
> Nova Roma has only one center, one existence, both
> now and for the
> forseeable future. I cannot say for sure "forever"
> but I strongly
> suspect it, namely here in cyberspace. Nova Roma
> found its home and
> its means of survival on the "net" and here is
> exactly where we will
> remain (notwithstanding face to face events),
> probably for
> generations to come. If Nova Roma is to grow we have
> to accept
> reality and make of that the best we can, for the
> universal appeal
> of Rome is best served by the transnational nature
> of the internet,
> which is universal in its reach.
>
> We need to stop trying to lay claim to our
> individual macronational
> nations being the only, best or natural eventual
> homeland for Nova
> Roma. Apart from being totally dislocated from
> reality, all it does
> is set encourage discord based on national or
> continental
> identities.
>
> We have enough differences already without adding
> that bottle of
> poison into the cauldron.
>
> Vale
> Gn. Iulius Caesar
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, raymond fuentes
> <praefectus2324@y...> wrote:
> >
> > That my amicus, will never happen. Rome WILL rise
> but
> > it wont be in Italia much less Roma.That is where
> our
> > spirit is,but our strength is in the new Rome-the
> US
> > --- Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com <ivlianvs309@y...>
> > wrote:
> > > Salvete omnes! I've been following this thread
> for
> > > awhile now. But to me there is only ONE truly
> > homeland
> > > that I look to that is geographical, and for a
> > future
> > > RES PVBLICA and that is ROMA, ITALIA!!!:) For it
> is
> > > there that I envision the renewed PAX DEORVM!
> > Valete!
> > > Frater GAIVS IVLIVS IVLIANVS, PGI
> > >
> > > --- Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus
> > <cn_corn_lent@y...>
> > > wrote:
> > >
> > > > Cn. Cornelius A. Apollonio legato s. p. d.:
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > >>>With the greatest respect and admiration,
> Cn.
> > > > Lentulo, I must say that it is rather
> difficult to
> > > > argue convincingly against you when you offer
> no
> > > > evidence other than your own opinion - by what
> am
> > I
> > > > to
> > > > be persuaded beyond your own (by no means
> > > > negligible)
> > > > auctoritas?<<<
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > I wonder if you don't find my argumentation
> being
> > > > confirmed by evidences: I tried to achieve so
> that
> > > > my
> > > > standpoint will be acceptable to you being
> > explained
> > > > from your argumentation. These arguments I've
> > > > offered
> > > > are mostly intrinsic arguments, however: like
> > yours,
> > > > except of the Cicero-quotation.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > >>>Similarly, it seems to me... (...)
> > > > We cannot be certain, of course, what the
> > > > Romans would have thought if this or if that.
> But
> > to
> > > > my mind there are sufficient indications to
> make
> > it
> > > > likely.<<<
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Yes, both of us have to confess that we cannot
> be
> > > > certain what the Romans would think... We can
> > argue
> > > > beside this or beside that, by your mind, or
> by my
> > > > mind... Some qutations or some suppositions
> will
> > not
> > > > convince us completely. However, you must
> admit
> > that
> > > > such a state like ours would seem very strange
> to
> > > > the
> > > > Romans and even Cicero itself would be
> thinking
> > > > about
> > > > what he had to call it... and finally he would
> > have
> > > > called Nova Roma as a theoretical state,
> perhaps.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > >>>You feel that the Romans would have
> > acknowledged
> > > > that
> > > > a res publica could exist in the absence of a
> > > > geographical homeland provided that the
> absence
> > were
> > > > only temporary; well, this is easily solved,
> for
> > our
> > > > lack of a homeland is indeed temporary. We had
> one
> > > > once, inasmuch as our res publica regards
> itself
> > as
> > > > a
> > > > continuation of the ancient Roman republic
> itself,
> > > > which was of course based in Rome. And we hope
> to
> > > > have
> > > > one again, one day.<<<
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > I wouldn't say "temporary" 1500 years... and
> our
> > res
> > > > publica is necessarily another res publica,
> namely
> > > > the
> > > > former was ceased entirely, with its land,
> state,
> > > > people, laws, gods, army etc...
> > > > But: may the gods help us in this! This is a
> very
> > > > daring hope and most of us don't share it. I
> > however
> > > > do. And I presume you also do: so we are two
> at
> > > > least.
> > > > Hop to it! I will be your faithful fellow in
> this
> > > > struggle.
> > > >
> > > >
> > === Message Truncated ===
>
=== message truncated ===




__________________________________
Start your day with Yahoo! - Make it your home page!
http://www.yahoo.com/r/hs
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38330 From: P. Dominus Antonius Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: The new coins
I'd be willing to front some money for this operation. But I would make some
requests first.
1. Can we get a preview of the coin design?
2. Will contributors have the option of being first in line to get the
production run?
3. Can contributors have the option of having all or part of their front
money returned as coin of the NR realm.
3. If for some reason the coins are not minted, will we still be rebated?

--
>|P. Dominus Antonius|<
Tony Dah m

Oderint dum metuant - Cicero
Si vis pacem, para bellum - Vegetius


On 10/23/05, Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa <canadaoccidentalis@...> wrote:
>
> Salvete omnes
>
> A small group of dedicated citizens has been hard at work since June
> designing a new coin for Nova Roma and we have narrowed our mint choices
> down to two. Now comes the 'easy' part - paying for it.
>
> In our estimation it will cost at least 3500 dollars US to proceed with
> the minting of the coins. As to this date, we only have 1300 dollars US
> pledged. I would like to ask anyone who can to please invest in this worthy
> enterprise. We are not asking for a donation as we will return all invested
> funds once we begin selling the coins. All profits from the sale of the new
> coins will be given to Nova Roma's central treasury.
>
> I have started the ball rolling by investing 500 US$ in this project. If
> anyone wants to join in please send your investment to me, via paypal
>
> vipsaniusagrippa@...
>
> Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38331 From: Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: The new coins
Salve

As for your questions:
1) Our lead designer is Marcus Gladius Agricola. I believe we have a final design but I will wait for his confirmation before posting it here.

2) This seems like a reasonable request to me as I want to make sure I am able to buy some of the coins this time around.

3) This is an interesting idea,like a prepayment,eh? This seems reasonable but I will have to wait for the opinions of the others.

4) I sincerely hope that the coins will be minted but I see no reason that the money should not be returned to its donor.

Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa

"P. Dominus Antonius" <marsvigilia@...> wrote:
I'd be willing to front some money for this operation. But I would make some
requests first.
1. Can we get a preview of the coin design?
2. Will contributors have the option of being first in line to get the
production run?
3. Can contributors have the option of having all or part of their front
money returned as coin of the NR realm.
3. If for some reason the coins are not minted, will we still be rebated?

--
>|P. Dominus Antonius|<
Tony Dah m

Oderint dum metuant - Cicero
Si vis pacem, para bellum - Vegetius


On 10/23/05, Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa <canadaoccidentalis@...> wrote:
>
> Salvete omnes
>
> A small group of dedicated citizens has been hard at work since June
> designing a new coin for Nova Roma and we have narrowed our mint choices
> down to two. Now comes the 'easy' part - paying for it.
>
> In our estimation it will cost at least 3500 dollars US to proceed with
> the minting of the coins. As to this date, we only have 1300 dollars US
> pledged. I would like to ask anyone who can to please invest in this worthy
> enterprise. We are not asking for a donation as we will return all invested
> funds once we begin selling the coins. All profits from the sale of the new
> coins will be given to Nova Roma's central treasury.
>
> I have started the ball rolling by investing 500 US$ in this project. If
> anyone wants to join in please send your investment to me, via paypal
>
> vipsaniusagrippa@...
>
> Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]





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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38332 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: The True Rome
---Salve Quinte Lani:

Very nice.

Would be neat set to the right music.

Po


In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael
Kelly)" <mjk@d...> wrote:
>
> Salvete Po et omnes,
>
> Here is a poem I stumbled across that I found quite reflective and
> related to this discussion of where Rome truly is:
>
> Pillars of Ancient Rome
>
> Under the skies of ochre and red,
> Where the warmth of the sun never reaches
> Drifting past the silent pillars of ancient Rome,
> I glimpse fleeting memories of an earlier time.
>
>
> The oars I abandoned with a fatalistic ease,
> And my ties to the world, long since withered and worn,
> Tore finally with their descent into the sea,
> Leaving me alone at last, accompanied only by my thoughts.
>
>
> There is no light in the distance I can see,
> And no end to these mournful caverns of the dead.
> Only a soft, yet persistent breeze,
> To gently chide and remind, to breathe life into me.
>
>
> Occasionally your voice whispers in the darkness,
> And an ethereal image in your likeness visits,
> Sitting awhile beside me in my aimless journey,
> Through this desolate, woeful land.
>
>
> For though reason and will have fled,
> Leaving in their absence only a yearning for something lost,
> And though the mind shrouds itself in vagueness and rue,
> Rememberances of you are always warm and true.
>
>
> I regret now what happened all those years in the past,
> When I looked into your longing eyes and said farewell,
> Beneath skies of gold and red,
> And demolished yoru pillars of faith.
>
>
> The water beneath me is black and brackish,
> And my provisions, I fear, are no more.
> There is little here to inspire even the slightest of hope,
> And this leaves me alone, awaiting destiny.
>
>
> If you are dancing among the seraphs of heavin,
> Know this:
> There is a dream that some men enter voluntarily,
> From which there is no escape, no awkening,
> and though the body may in time depart,
> The soul is forever imprisoned and can never leave.
>
>
> — Demandred
>
>
> Perhaps we can transfer this to to our files. Sounds like he's
> equating Rome to a lover deceased but I see much double meaning
with
> regards to equating a yearning for a past love to the loss of Rome.
>
>
> Regards,
>
> QLP
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "pompeia_minucia_tiberia"
> <pompeia_minucia_tiberia@y...> wrote:
> >
> > Salvete Omnes:
> >
> > I too, have been following this discussion. I have a thought for
> today.
> >
> > I would propose, as I think Ive done in this forum in that
> > past...that 'Rome is where the heart is'.
> >
> > When will we agree on 'what' is the true Rome, 'where' she is
> located,
> > is likely when our hearts start beating more in synch.
> >
> > Valete
> > Po
> >
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38333 From: Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: PLEASE OBSERVE: Edictum Censoris CFBQ XXXIX about the end of the Ce
Ex Officio Censoris Caesonis Fabii Buteo Quintiliani

Edictum Censoris CFBQ XXXIX about the end of the Census of Nova Roma 2758

I. NOVA ROMA has been conducting its biannual census of citizens from
July 4 to October 23, 2758 (2005).

II. The Census is concluded as of October the 23rd and a report is
forthcoming before the 1st of December.

III. This Edictum becomes effective immediately.

Given the 24th of October, in the year of the Consulship of
Franciscus Apulus Caesar and Gaius Popillius Laenas, 2758 AUC.
--

Vale

Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus

Censor, Consularis et Senator
Praeses, Triumvir et Praescriptor Academia Thules ad S.R.A. et N.
Editor-in-Chief, Publisher and Owner of "Roman Times Quarterly"
Sodalitas Egressus Beneficarius et Praefectus Provincia Thules
Civis Romanus sum
************************************************
Cohors Censoris CFBQ
http://www.hanenberg-media-webdesign.com/cohors/index_uk.htm
************************************************
Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
"I'll either find a way or make one"
************************************************
Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38334 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: The "Moment of Truth" In Ancient Rome (very long)
Salvete omnes,

Here is a great essay I found that should inspire some of us. I
won't make a habit of posting such long essays but sometimes some of
us just bypass url postings. I didn't want our citizens to miss this
one.

The "Moment of Truth" in Ancient Rome:
Honor and Embodiment in a Contest Culture

I like a look of agony because I know it's true.

Emily Dickinson



On the morning of June 6, 1989, a riveting photograph appeared on
the front page of the Daily Republican in Greenfield, Massachusetts;
it was of a young Chinese man in a white shirt, casually blocking
with his body the advance of a line of tanks into Tienanmen Square.
It was a photograph that appeared on the front page of nearly every
newspaper in America. It was a playful, almost whimsical gesture for
this man to make: to saunter out in front of the lead tank, to move
a little left, to move a little right—to gamble everything in one
heart-stopping and almost frivolously theatrical moment. Perhaps it
was that juxtaposition of terror and whimsy that transfixed us,
terror and grief for the stark fragility of that one human life and
a thrilling admiration for the person who would spite that frailty.

This was the Roman discrimen, the "Moment of Truth," the equivocal
and ardent moment when, before the eyes of others, you gambled what
you were. This was the agon, the contest when truth was not so much
revealed as created, realized, willed in the most intense and
visceral way, the truth of one's being, the truth of being.

The Romans of the early and middle Republic lived in a small face-to-
face culture with an acute sensitivity to the bonds (religiones,
obligationes, moenia and munera) that defined them. Community was
conceived of and expressed as a product of the bond. At the same
time, boundaries were not stable: all Roman boundaries were highly-
charged but also restless, irritable, and permeable membranes—more
like rings of fire than walls of adamant. Every wall was a wager,
every bond a risk. The vow and the oath, the Romans' most sacred
forms of contract, were wagers or bets in which one staked one's
head, one's eyes, one's reputation.

Undergoing the ordeal (labor, periculum, discrimen, certamen,
contentio, agon) was the act of defining one's boundaries, of
determining one's share or portion. It was necessary for a sense of
one's being. And because, in a contest culture, one's part was not
fixed, the discrimen established, momentarily, one's position. It
located one in a field, in a "pecking-order." One gambled what one
was.

The Crucible of the Contest
As gold is proven by fire, so are we by ordeals.

Minucius Felix, Octavius 36.9



Virtus and the honores won in the contest were shining and volatile;
competition produced a heightened sense of vividness, a brilliant,
gleaming, resplendent existence. The man of honor was speciosus,
illustris, clarus, nobilis, splendidus; the woman of honor was, in
addition, casta, pura, candida. At the same time, to produce this
exalted state, the good competition obeyed restrictions; it needed
to be: a) circumscribed in time and space; b) governed by rules
known and accepted by the rival parties; c) strenuous (requiring an
equal or greater-than-equal opponent); d) witnessed.

To have a glowing spirit one needed to expend one's energy in a
continuous series of ordeals. Labor, industria and disciplina were,
for the Romans, the strenuous exertions that one made in undergoing
the trial and in shouldering the heavy burden. In labores and
pericula one demonstrated effective energy, virtus. There was no
virtus, in the republic, without the demonstration of will. The
absence of energy (inertia, desidia, ignavia, socordia) was non-
being. In inactivity the spirit froze.

As Cicero remarks, the desire for honor and glory set men on fire
(Tusculanae disputationes 1.2.4). "By nature we yearn and hunger for
honor, and once we have glimpsed, as it were, some part of its
radiance, there is nothing we are not prepared to bear and suffer in
order to secure it" (2.24.58). Sallust describes the emotions that
the Romans associated with the challenge presented by their
ancestors' wax images:

I have often been told that Quintus Fabius Maximus and Publius
Scipio Africanus, and other illustrious men were wont to say: 'When
they beheld the images of their ancestors, their spirits were
violently inflamed to virtue' (Bellum Iugurthinum 4.5).

Here it is important to point out that in Roman culture, as in very
many cultures, a male (mas) was not necessarily a man (vir); a man
was not a natural being. In the words of David
Gilmore, "manhood...is a precarious or artificial state that boys
must win against powerful odds....[M]anhood is problematic, a
critical threshold that boys must pass through testing."2 It is
with the words, "If you are men," that Lucretia challenges Brutus
and Collatinus to revenge her violation (Livy 1.58.7). Tullius
incites the Volsci saying, "Rome has declared war on you, and she
will be sorry for it—if you are men" (Livy 2.38.5). "Who," Seneca
asks, "—only let him be a man, and intent upon honor—is not eager
for the honorable ordeal and prompt to assume perilous duties? To
what energetic person is not idleness a punishment?" (Seneca, De
providentia 2.2). A male was transformed into a man by the willful
expenditure of energy. Above all, a man willed himself to be
expendable.

The more extreme the ordeal, the greater its annealing, its defining
power. "The greater the torment the greater the glory," asserts
Seneca (De providentia 3.9). "He has won without glory who has won
without peril" (3.4). Fortune, he believed, sought out the great
soul to be challenged. "Mucius was tested by fire, Fabricius by
poverty, Rutilius by exile, Regulus by torture, Socrates by poison,
Cato by death. One cannot find a great exemplum except in
misfortune" (3.4). The 2nd-century Christian Minucius Felix
admonished the Romans: "Your men of power, whom you commend as moral
examples, flourished through their tribulations" (Octavius 36.8). As
for us, he asserts, "God tries and examines each one through
adversity; he weighs the spirits of individuals through perils,
exploring the will of a man up to the extreme moment of death"
(36.9). "Without an adversary," Seneca asserts, "virtus shrivels. We
see how great and how viable virtus is when, by endurance, it shows
what it is capable of" (De providentia 2.4).

At perhaps the shining moment of all Livy's Roman history, the
messengers arrived at the city with news of the devastating defeat
of the Romans at Cannae at the hands of Hannibal in 216 BCE. Fifty
thousand were dead on the field. "No other nation in the world,"
according to Livy, "could have suffered so tremendous a series of
disasters and not been overwhelmed" (22.54.10). And the great soul,
the magnus animus of the Romans was revealed in their unwillingness
even to mention peace after Cannae or to ransom back the
survivors. "The Romans had a greater spirit after the terrible
disaster of Cannae than they would ever have in success" (De
officiis 3.11.47). The willingness to expend everything (up to and
including the state) was, paradoxically, the final insurance of the
continued existence of both the state and of the spirit. Sulla,
anticipating a fight with the enemy Iugurtha, admonished his small
force: "You will be the safer the less you spare yourself" (Bellum
Igurthinum 107.1). Or, as Seneca succinctly puts it, "Who scorns his
own life is lord of yours" (Epistulae 4.8).

Verginius wins the contest of wills between himself and the vastly
more powerful Appius Claudius by slaughtering his beloved daughter.
In the Romans' potlatch mentality, Verginius' willingness to
sacrifice what he loved most in the world was his trump card. Like
Seneca's and Euripides' Medea or the mother of the Second and Fourth
Maccabees or the Passio Perpetuae, men and women of honor made very
unnatural parents.

Hannibal's will was broken, his animus fractus, according to Cicero,
when he received news that the Romans were "discarding" their
soldiers at the moment when they were most in need of them (De
officiis 3.32.114). The defeated Romans not only refused to ransom
their own soldiers, but ordained by law that soldiers must vanquish
or die, so that, according to Polybius, there might not be any hope
of survival in case of defeat (Polybius 6.58.11). In the words of
the Belle of Amherst, "All is the price of all."

Making Faces
As a mortal, what one risked in the contest was one's "face," or to
be more exact, one's persona, one's mask. The persona, and the role
expressed by that mask, the professio were the very boundary and
definition of one's being, the sine qua non of existence. For the
Romans of the Republic there was no depth without surface.

The persona was composed of the reputation (existimatio, fama, and
nomen), supported by effective energy (virtus) and enforced by a
sensitivity to shame (pudor). The persona guaranteed the existence
of the will, the driving vitality at the core: the animus. The face
was also a provocation; whatever persona you publicly professed was
a line drawn in the sand. "I am a Roman. My name is Mucius. I have
come to kill you," Livy's captive hero proclaims (2.12.8). Marcus,
the son of Cato Uticensis, died at the battle of Phillipi. When the
army was retreating, he stood his ground and shouted his name and
that of his famous father (Brutus 49.9-10).

We have the notion that you can save your soul even if you have lost
your face. But the Romans lost their souls when they lost their
faces. The penetrable, false or broken persona enclosed only
emptiness; the exposed Roman was vanus, inanis, cassus. The
discrimen disclosed, for example, that there was nothing any longer
but cowardice beneath the reputation for great valor of the Helvetii
(Tacitus, Historia 1.68). Metellus, the general sent out by the
Romans against the defiant Numidian Jugurtha was, according to
Marius, a man of regal arrogance but, as the course of the war had
shown, an homo inanis (Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum 64.5).

The Moment of Truth
A Roman's hyper-consciousness of his or her "face," produced a keen
sense of embodiment. The person who underwent surveillance or a
contest, who risked death or humiliation, lived critically in the
moment, like a deer trapped in the headlights of an oncoming car.
For the Roman "on the spot," "up against the wall," the world was
sharp, immediate, visceral. As in archaic Greek thought and much of
Japanese thought—and for similar reasons—the Romans tended to
physicalize everything, to make everything present. Reality was
immanent; it was spectatus, expertus, probatus, argutus, manufestus.
It hit you in the face or you could smack it with your hand. How
literally this could be in Roman culture can be observed in the
following scene from Plautus. In the Amphitryon the slave Sosia is
confronted by his mirror image, the god Mercury; Mercury (the street
tough) challenges the mortal:

Mercury: Where do you think you're going?
Sosia: What's it to you?
Mercury: Are you free or slave?
Sosia: I'm whatever I want to be.
Mercury: Oh yeah?
Sosia: Yeah!
Mercury: You're a whipped slave!
Sosia: You lie!
Mercury: I'll make you say that I'm telling the truth (341-345).

The god proceeds to whip Sosia into not only affirming Mercury's
words but even into surrendering his name and his identity! In this
little agon, the type that occurs every day of the year in the sixth-
grade school-yard, reality is established by contest.

Radical Embodiment
As a result of living in a contest society, the Romans, like the
Homeric Greeks, the Japanese, or the Bedouin, were sensitive to
their "face;" they were delicatus, "thin-skinned," liable to blush.
(The os durum, the os ferreum, the hard, stony, brazen face belonged
to the stupid and shameless. "My master," Palaestrio declares in the
Miles Gloriosus "has the hide of an elephant and the stupidity of a
stone" [235]). Seneca imagines the irritations of the "touchy"
aristocrat: "He greeted me with too little courtesy; he failed to
cling to my kiss; he abruptly cut off a conversation barely begun
with me; he did not invite me to dinner; he appeared to avert his
face" (Seneca De ira 2.24.1).

The Romans' sense of embodiment was not only keen but brittle. The
Romans, like the Homeric Greeks, and many warrior cultures, had a
pathetic sense of their own frailty: "Fortune is glass; just when it
shines it shatters" (Publilius Syrus [ed. Otto Friedrich] no.
189). "The radiant visage....bodily strength, and all other things
of this sort quickly perish" (Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum 2.2). For
Horace, "All of life is only a little, no long-term plans are
allowed. Soon night and half-remembered shapes and drab Pluto's
walls will be closing in" (Carmina 1.4 lines 15-17). For
Ovid, "everything human hangs by a slender thread" (Eipistulae ex
Ponto 4.3.35).

Polybius reports the words that Scipio Aemilianus spoke to him when
he watched the defeated Carthage burn: "Turning round to me at once
and grasping my hand, Scipio said, 'A glorious moment, Polybius, but
I have a dread foreboding that some day the same doom will be
pronounced upon my own country"' (38.21.1). Scipio, when he looked
upon the city as it was utterly perishing and in the last throes of
its complete destruction, is said to have shed tears and wept openly
for his enemies. After being wrapped in thought for long, and
realizing that all cities, nations, and authorities, must, like men,
meet their doom, and that this happened to Ilium, once a prosperous
city, to the empires of Assyria, Media Persia, the greatest of their
time, and to Macedonia itself, the brilliance of which was so
recent, either deliberately, or the verses escaping him, said: 'A
day will come when sacred Troy shall perish, and Priam and his
people shall be slain.' And when Polybius, speaking with freedom to
him, for he was his teacher, asked him what he meant by the words,
they say that without any attempt at concealment he named his own
country" (Appian, Punica 132).

Pliny the Elder describes a display of precious myrrhine crystal
that he saw in Nero's private theater: "I saw pieces of a single
broken cup included in the exhibition. It was decided that these
broken shards should be displayed in a kind of sepulchre, like the
body of Alexander, as a testament to the sorrows of the age and the
envy of Fortune (Naturalis historia 37.7.19). As Pliny explains,
once it has been broken, rock-crystal cannot be mended by any method
whatsoever (37.10.29). Just so, Catullus asserts, "Once night comes
for us, it is night forever" (5.5-6).

The Saving Face
Being in the spotlight created a heightened, but often painful self-
consciousness, that resulted, ironically, in a sense of unreality
and disengagement. Confounded, exposed to the eyes of others, it
became difficult to act or speak at all. Plautus' Sosia, challenged
by the bully Mercury declares, "I'm afraid. I am altogether numb"
(Amiphitruo 335). Crassus, Cicero tells us, went pale whenever he
had to stand up to plead in court, his whole body trembling and
shuddering (Cicero, De oratore 1.26.121). There are many agonizing
depictions of the anguished narcosis of exposure in Roman
literature. Perhaps the most memorable description of this
phenomenon in the Roman sources is Livy's dramatization of the Roman
soldiers anticipating, experiencing and reliving the appalling
humiliations occasioned by their capture at the Caudine Forks (9.1-
11). The agony stops time and paralyzes the Roman soldiers who
emerged from the defile after passing under the yoke of their Sabine
enemies. They are silent and all but deaf and blind. They cannot
bear the eyes of others; they cannot even bear the light (pudor
intuendae lucis (9.7.3).

Because unmediated embodiment was shocking, the man or woman in the
spotlight had difficulty "being himself" or "being herself," and
tended to lapse into confusion and stupefaction. For that reason,
the Romans tended to frame contests as formalized and scripted
dramas or games (whether it be the decorum of daily intercourse, or
the etiquette of the games, the law courts, or senatorial debates).
The Romans relied on ritualization for the preservation of the self,
of the citizen's animus. The formalized "game'' was employed in
those situations where the desire to preserve the community was
stronger than the desire to break the spirit of the opponent.
Precisely because it alleviated shock, it was especially at moments
of grief and terror that games were most effective. The gladiatorial
games and the decursiones funebres were, for instance, services to
the dead, funeral games. As the ethologist Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
points out, "the more ritualized the behavior, the more easily it is
released." 3

When the Roman soldiers first ascertained that they were surrounded
and trapped in the Caudine Forks, they came abruptly to a halt, a
stupor and a sort of torpor having seized their limbs. For a long
time the soldiers stood in silence, immobilized, observing one
another, each imagining the other to be more in command of his
senses (Livy 9.2.1011). Suddenly, and without having been given any
orders, they launched into the Roman soldier's daily and arduous
ordeal of building a walled camp. The enemy mocked them and they
mocked themselves, knowing full well the inanity of building a
fortress within a cage (Livy 9.2.12-14). Still, the automatic and
formalized behavior provided a relief from stupor. It allowed them
to move and to show energy.

Closely related to the shock-relieving function of rituals was the
shock-relieving function of roles. The Latin persona was not only
the mask but also the part associated with that mask. Latin
professio aside from being an open avowal, was the affirmation of
the role or part presented by the persona—and the challenge
presented by that affirmation.

It was the discipline and training, the habituation to a particular
role or roles that gave one the ability to endure the "Moment of
Truth." How is it that stalwart gladiators endure the blows? How is
it they offer their necks without flinching? "They are well trained"
(bene instituti sunt), Cicero explains. "Such is the power of
exercise, of practice, of habit!" (Tusculanae disiputationes 2.27.40-
41). And so the good parent, out of love for the child, acted as a
trainer, endlessly manufacturing trials for the child (Seneca, De
providentia 2.5). The Elder Cato, good father that he was, subjected
his frail son to the extremes of heat and cold and made him swim the
wildest and most swiftly flowing stretches of the Tiber (Plutarch,
Cato Maior 20.4).

Do you imagine that the Spartans hate their children whose spirits
they test by the administration of public whippings? Their own
fathers exhort them to bravely endure the blows of the lash and call
upon them, lacerated and half dead, to keep offering their wounds
for wounding (De providentia 4.11).

There are many Roman stories which expressed the admiration of the
Romans for those able to preserve their roles in circumstances of
great stress. Livy tells of the dauntless Gaius Fabius Dorsuo, who,
at the time of the Gallic sack of Rome, nonchalantly descended from
the besieged Capitol into the midst of the enemy in order to perform
the family's ritual sacrifices (5.46.1-3). He tells of the brave
seniores who faced the invading Gauls dressed in their finery with
their emblems of office, sitting like statues on their curule chairs
in the vestibules of their houses (5.41.1-3). Seneca's Aemilius
Paulus proceeded with his triumph despite the loss of two sons,
whose death he interpreted publicly as payment, to the envy of the
gods, for his Roman victories. "Behold the greatness of his spirit:
he congratulated himself on his bereavement!" (Seneca, Consolatio ad
Marciam 13.3-4). Only the empty chariot of Paulus revealed what that
courage had cost him.

"Going on with the show" was not a sign of delusion, but a supremely
defining moment, for Roman society, as well as for the man and woman
who could play their roles with grace, honoring their obligations,
even while threatened with death or chaos. The tremendous calm and
deliberation with which Tacitus' Valerius Asiaticus committed
suicide, taking scrupulous care—like Cato of Utica or the emperor
Otho in similar situations—for others, moving his pyre lest it singe
the trees, demonstrated his ability to play his role to the end
(Tacitus, Annales 11.3.2). It kept the play, in which he had a part,
and through which lived, alive. One can compare the polite "thank
you" that Julius Canus mustered in reply to his condemnation to
death by Phalaris, servant of Caligula. The centurion who came to
drag him to his execution found him playing chess. Julius Canus
blithely bid his guard to check the state of the game—in which he
was ahead—lest his opponent should later claim to have won (Seneca,
De tranquillitate 14.4). It is the very absurdity,
the "impossibility" of Julius Canus' behavior that renders it
ferocious. He saves nothing, clings to nothing, grasps at nothing,
and in doing so he asserts the magnificence of his spirit, and the
potency of the code by which he lives. The gladiator who bared his
throat to the death-blow, who adhered to the etiquette of the arena
through to the moment of his death, was an actor who turned what
might be a farce into a supremely transcendent moment.
Theatricality, then, allowed for the immanence of truth.

The Bonds of Competition
The Roman was radically present in a role or game where his or her
life or reputation was at risk. In preserving one's role to the end
of the ordeal one demonstrated both "sincerity" and "authenticity"
in their Roman senses. Radical presence was "sincere" in the sense
that one held nothing back, that everything one had was at stake in
one's role. Sincerity was the positive version, the vivifying
version of self-exposure: will.

The perception of sincerity created transparent and mutual
sympathies within Roman culture. The Roman identified with a role
that was voluntary. When they had the sense that someone was doing
something voluntarily they had the sense that someone
was "authentically" there; that he or she had "earned their role."
It is hard to be alienated from the man or woman on the high wire
without a net. One might compare the Roman sensibility to the
radical subjectivity of Zen, the warrior's Buddhism, with its
fragile sense of all that is and its ideal of keeping nothing in
reserve, of expressing everything fully. The Roman of the Republic
might have understood the notion of sunyata: emptiness as fullness.

It was for the vivid, translucent emotions of bonding that a Roman
audience witnessed with pleasure a great performance in the ordeal.
The values of the community—indeed the very sense of the existence
of a community—were formed by those who were willing to risk all.

Stone and Ice Victory is fleeting, but losing is forever.

Billy Jean King



Being was ephemeral but non-being was absolute. Valor was glass and
fire, but humiliation was stone and ice. Honor was evanescent but
degradation had no end. According to Josephus, the captured Jewish
generals were displayed on the triumphal floats of Titus and
Vespasian, frozen in the postures in which they were captured
(Bellum Iudaicum 7.139147). Ovid's prostrate and defeated Phineus
was turned to stone in the act of begging for his life by the
victorious Persius (Ovid, Metamorphoses 5.214-235). The exhibition
of the slave's defeat was perpetual. As Reginald Haynes Barrow
expressed it, "To enslave an enemy rather than to slay him was a
device to reap his labor, but it was also a way of enjoying a
perpetual triumph over him."

The Bad Contest
Where the rules of the game were arbitrary or unknown, where there
were no limits in scope or intensity of the contest, where the
contestants were unequally matched, the contest turned caustic and
brutal; rather than anneal, it charred and calcinated. There had
always been destructive and unequal competitions in Rome: between a
master and a slave, an adult and a child, a patron and a client. But
it was, above all, in the period of the collapse of the republic and
the civil wars that the Romans increasingly came to recognize and
describe the bad or destructive contest. By the early empire the
game had degenerated to a ludibrium, a farce:

A gladiator...against whom Caligula was fencing with a wooden sword
deliberately fell to the ground; whereupon Caligula drew an iron
dagger, stabbed him to death, and ran about waving the palm-branch
of victory (Suetonius, Gaius 32.2).

Nero inaugurated the Neronia, a festival of competition in music,
gymnastics, and horsemanship....At the prize-giving Nero descended
to the orchestra stalls where the senators sat, to accept the laurel
wreath for Latin oratory and verse which had been reserved for him
by the unanimous vote of all the distinguished competitors
(Suetonius, Nero 12.3).

Commodus descended into the arena and cut down all the domestic
animals that approached him and some that were led up to him or that
were brought to him in nets (Dio 73;19.1).

Several occurrences in the course of the history of Rome spoiled the
play. Firstly, with the rapid conquest of the Mediterranean in the
second century BCE, Rome went from a society where the rules of the
game were "givens," to a society of greatly expanded possibilities
where the rules became unclear or unenforceable. The Romans, having
gained their "empire without end," their imperium sine fine, entered
a kind of Nietzschean world where "the rules of the game" could no
longer be taken for granted. After the destruction of Carthage in
146 BCE, according to Sallust, "nothing was sacred" (Bellum
Iugurthinum 41.9). The Roman religiones no longer embraced and
realized the physics of the universe, but appeared as somewhat
quaint artifacts that increasingly had a history, an evolution and
an origin. Seneca spoke of the age of Cato "when the old credulity
had been thrown off" (De constantia sapientis 2.2). It has not
escaped me, judges, that the old moral exempla are now reckoned
fairy tales" (Cicero, In Verrem 2.3.78182).

The triumphs of the Roman Republic were purchased with the
destruction of the codes which made these triumphs meaningful, the
codes by which these activities could be framed and interpreted. The
feeling of triumph was the feeling of a vivified will, of effective
energy—but effectiveness is always relative to a code. The enormous
increase in wealth and the potentialities set in motion in Rome by
the conquest of the Mediterranean brought with them a sense of
liberation from the old restrictions, but, also, and even more
keenly, a sense of deprivation, a taedium vitae, a dulling of the
senses, a feeling of corruption, loss and entrapment.

As Miguel Cervantes put it, "Whether the pitcher hits the stone, or
the stone hits the pitcher, it's bad for the pitcher." And in the
terrible, unfair, and unequal competition of the inferior with the
superior, of the slave with the master, the client with the patron,
even the victor was without glory. And so, the dying king Micipsa
admonished the young Iugurtha, "in every contest, whoever has more
power, even if he is the one who receives the injury, because he is
dominant, he will seem to have inflicted it" (Bellum Iugurthinum
10.7). When the contest was too often or too irremediably lost, or
when the odds against winning were too enormous and too consistent,
the test became a supplicium, a torture. Instead of invigorating, it
could debilitate. Instead of confirming, it could mutilate the
spirit. Contests, labores, were, for the powerless, sufferings,
aerumnae, or, at best, punishments, piacula. In the words of
Caecilius Balbus, "When there are no effects, labor grows more
weighty" (Sententiae 189 [ed. Friedrich]). The contest, Cicero
explains, is different between a competitor and an inimicus (De
officiis 1.12.38). The competitor held back; for the competitor
there were still taboos and limitations. For the enemy there were no
boundaries and no bonds; the enemy sought to break the spirit.

In Seneca's scorching and beautiful Trojan Women, Andromache engages
the victorious Achaeans in a battle of wit and will for the life of
her son Astyanax. Seneca's "tyrant" Ulysses reminds the pathetically
outmatched Andromache, struggling to hide from him the secret
whereabouts of her son, "The agony of being flogged and burned and
racked, will compel you to speak aloud, however unwilling, what you
now conceal; it will dig out those things hidden deep in your
breast. Necessity is wont to be more powerful than piety" (Seneca,
Troades 578-81). Seneca's angry Theseus threatens the old nurse who
is defending Phaedra with her silence: "With whips and bonds the old
woman can be made to reveal whatever she declines to utter. Chain
her! Let the force of the scourge extract the secrets of her mind"
(Seneca, Phaedra 882-85). As Tacitus remarks, "There is nothing that
cannot be obtained by torture or the promise of reward" (Tacitus,
Annales 15.59.4). Torture was the contest without condition. If the
ordeal made citizens, torture made subjects.

The Hide
Stand by a stone and slander it: what effect will you produce? If a
man listens like a stone, what advantage has the slanderer?

Arrian, Elpicteti Discorsi 1.25



As a result of the collapse of the rules of the game, it was
increasingly difficult to alleviate the shock of embodiment.
Immobility and stupor were almost as frequently depicted as violence
in the literature of the great heterogeneous Roman Empire. The
absence of clear rules and common ground inhibited speech and
action. When the competition was insupportable, paralysis, the
desire to hide, and the desire to be insensitive and autonomous
became widespread cultural phenomena. With the loss of the good
contest and the rules that framed it, callous, brazen shamelessness
became a cure for shame. Servius Sulpicius reminds Cicero,
inconsolable at the death of his beloved daughter Tullia, of their
far greater losses. Having lost patria, honestas, dignitas,
honores, "what spirit, trained in these times, ought not to become
insensitive?" (Cicero, Epistulae ad familiares 4.5.2 [45 BCE]).
Cicero himself, in the same baleful year, remarks to his friend
Atticus: "What could be more dishonorable? But now we harden
ourselves to these humiliations and shed our humanity" (Ad Atticum
13.2 [May 45 BCE]). Even earlier Cicero had written to
Caelius, "Your letter would have caused me great grief if reason
itself had not already dispelled all burdensome thoughts, and had
not my spirit, from lasting despair, hardened itself against any new
sorrows" (Cicero, Epistulae ad familiares 2.16.1 [May 49 BCE]).

When the Romans begin to talk about saving things; when they begin
to talk about salvation, the stone—once the image of callousness and
stupidity—became an ideal. It was a desperate strategy to preserve
both life and honor.

The face became a facade. The persona went from being primarily
expressive to primarily defensive. The Romans donned, as it were,
the armor of hypocrisy, to borrow a phrase from Samuel Dill. As it
was for Livy's Brutus under Tarquinius or Suetonius' Claudius under
Caligula, the mask, even a dishonorable one—or I should say
especially a dishonorable one—was a relief and an assuagement for
embarrassment and humiliation, a defense against an unbearable "now"
that would crush you. When Tacitus' Nero poisons his rival
Britannicus, Octavia looks upon the death throes of her brother with
a brazen face that hides her anguish and protects her life (Annales
13.16). The "thick-skinned" would survive.

Shamelessness as a Relief from Shame
The reaction against unbearable humiliation often took the form of
disengagement. The hardened skin is the disposable skin; it could be
put on and off like armor or makeup. The subject, like the
dependent, delighted in being callidus, wily as well as hard; he or
she enjoyed being a versipellis, a protean creature who changed his
or her skin to suit the moment. Tacitus' aristocrats often adopted
the survival strategy of Plautus' slaves: metamorphosis. It is
important to add, moreover, that if being an itinerant trickster
made one like a the slaves in Plautus or Petronius, it also made one
like a god. Jupiter was, of course, the ultimate versipellis
(Plautus, Amphitryon 123). The slave, like the god, was unattached
to his face.

The loss of the good contest also helps to explain the reception in
Rome of the Cynic and Stoic ideal of inviolate independence,
autarkeia:

Surround yourself with philosophy, an impregnable wall; though
fortune assault it with her many engines, she cannot breach it. The
spirit that abandons external things stands on unassailable ground;
it vindicates itself in its fortress; every weapon hurled against it
falls short of its mark (Seneca, Eipistulae 82.5).

Seneca imagines Socrates' reaction to insults:

The hardness of a stone is felt by no one more than the one striking
it. I present myself no differently than the lonely rock in the sea:
on all sides there is commotion; I am continually buffeted, but not
for that reason do they move that rock nor consume it—though the
battery continue through the aeons (De vita beata 27.3).

Shamelessness in the form of apathy and autonomy was raised to a
high virtue among the Cynics and Stoics of the Empire. Indeed,
virtus begins to lose its association with "manliness" and comes
increasingly closer to "godliness." The hero Cato does not respond
to insult; he does not blush; he does not defend himself; he does
not play the game. Everything might move around him, but Seneca's
Cato is unmoved. "Through it all," according to Velleius, "he was
nearer in spirit to the gods than to other human beings"(2.35).

Peaceful Non-Existence To struggle in vain and to obtain, by
exhausting oneself, nothing but loathing, is an act of insanity

Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum 3.3



If you do not wish to fight, you are permitted to flee.

Seneca, De Providentia 6.7



Children, when things do not please them, say, 'I will not play
anymore'; so, when things seem to you to reach that point just
say, 'I will not play anymore,' and so depart, instead of staying to
make moan.

Arrian, Epicteti Discorsi 1.24



Otium, vacatio, immunitas—withdrawal, leisure, became values in
Roman society at the moment when it became impossible to maintain
one's being by contest, and when the isolation of withdrawal was
less painful than the humiliation that came with societal
bonds. "Otium begins to be a necessity for us because that thing we
would prefer to otium nowhere exists" (De otio 8.3). Virtus, while
remaining the active principle par excellence, began to be used to
describe passivity, endurance, resistance; it began to be used for
internal qualities, even those unseen or unacknowledged. It looks
more and more like our "virtue." But it was a revolution in Roman
values to entertain the idea that one could have virtus in otium,
that one could have virtue without the contest, without the rules,
without the witnesses.

An Abstract Life
Honor, in ancient Rome, had always been "sightliness;" dishonor had
ever been "unsightly," a dehonestamentum (something that
disfigured), a dedecus (a blemish). But when one could not defend
one's honor, visibility, embodiment, became enervating, crippling,
isolating. When one could not resist the injury, when one could not
have integrity, one was tempted to remove an "essential being" from
the social/physical world, to sheath it, as it were, in asbestos.
The excruciating sense of an unbearable immediacy unrelieved by
effective rules and rituals resulted in an intense desire to remove
the animus from the contest,, to "break the spell" of embodiment.
One is tempted to say: "This is not real; this is not really
happening to me." The divorce of the animus from the body,
the "mind/body split," and the notion that the body was an unsightly
prison gained ground simultaneously in ancient Rome with the notion
that the contest had become impossible. It was as if, in this
period, the ugliness of dishonor was relegated to the visible and
palpable which one could then slough off and discard. The withdrawal
the self into an abstract or transcendental Reality is a way of
saying, "I am not my face. I am not what I see in your eyes" This is
both a relief from the problem of face and an abandonment of face.

The abstract thinker is "shameless," autonomous, in that he or she
does not submit his or her truth to common consent; ratio was a way
of creating a reality over which one was totally sovereign. The
abstract thinker can have a reality without others, a being without
others. Veritas, in Rome, was the symptom of cultural collapse.

As the rules got easier to break and there was less and less guilt
associated with breaking them, the harder it was for Romans to
sacrifice or risk their lives to uphold them. As a result death lost
its life-affirming value. And, as Seneca points out to Lucilius, no
one is willing to die for a syllogism (Enistulae 82.22-24). When
death lost its value, life became an abstraction, what Clifford
Geertz calls a "bloodless universal." A "virtuous" and absolute god
arose, but it was an abstract god over a naked rock.

Conclusions
How reluctant the Romans were to give up being fragile, ephemeral
men even to become gods of adamant is made ever so poignantly clear
in the writings of men like Cicero and Sallust. Even while they
praise withdrawal from an untenable public life, they dreaded lest
they appear to others as inactive and inert. The ideals of peaceful
autonomy and hardness remained ever poor seconds to the contest. As
Cicero explains, he wrote philosophy because it was necessary. If
the Roman Stoic wanted to be a rock, he longed to be a flame.

In the third book of Seneca's De ira the tutor and sometimes vicar
of the Emperor Nero tells the story of the tyrant Cambyses and his
friend and adviser Praexaspes. It is a story designed by Seneca to
demonstrate that confrontation could be avoided, the most violent
emotions can be suppressed, and that one can protect oneself with an
impenetrable mask of apathy. In the story Praexaspes admonishes
Cambyses that drunkenness is a disgrace in a king, a man who "is
followed by the eyes and ears of all" (omnium oculi auresque
sequentur). Cambyses, bristling, fastens on the words of his adviser
as a challenge. He declares that he will demonstrate that he is ever
in control of his hands and eyes. Defying the pleas of his adviser,
he continues to drink bidding Praexaspes introduce his son into the
room. Cambyses draws his bow and, calling out his intended mark,
shoots the son of Praexaspes in the chest. Tearing open the breast
of the corpse, the tyrant reveals to the father that the arrow had
penetrated the heart. Turning to his adviser he asks, "Is my hand
not sufficiently steady?" Praexaspes calmly replies, "Apollo himself
could not have made a more unerring shot."

Seneca's Praexaspes was meant to be the hero of this tale, another
wise man like Stilbo who, when his fatherland had been conquered and
his daughters had been raped by the soldiers of Demetrius
Poliorcetes, was able, through his imperturbable indifference to
deny the victory to the mighty Demetrius (De constantia 5.7). But
even the Stoic author, finally, cannot bear the consequences of his
own philosophy. He cries out: "May the gods damn him—a slave more in
his soul than in his condition!" (Dii illum male perdant animo magis
quam condicione mancipium! [3.14.3]). Praexaspes ought to have
challenged the king into giving still another demonstration of his
skill upon the person of the father! Seneca sedately concludes: "The
point under discussion is clear—that it is possible to suppress
anger" (3.14.4).

From this anguished and telling story several things can be seen:
first, that it is not an equal contest. Cambyses shoots the son of
Praexaspes as casually as Commodus shoots the animals led to him for
slaughter; there is no challenging the king and living (the tanks
would roll right over you). Secondly, that Seneca continues to see
even these unequal contests as basic tests of the quality of one's
being. Even while teaching his listeners how to preserve their being
by withdrawing from the contest behind an impenetrable mask of
indifference, he is also teaching them that the mask of indifference
is never impenetrable enough; the arrow of contempt always hits its
mark.

Not so paradoxically, it is from the pen of the Stoic philosopher
Seneca that we get the most beautiful Moment of Truth in all of
Roman literature. In Seneca's Agamemnon the gods strike the Achaean
soldiers returning home from the Trojan War with a cataclysmic
storm. One ship founders upon another. The sailors can do nothing to
calm the storm or save themselves. The living envy the dead. The
prayers of those who beseech the gods—insatiate of evil—are cut
short by death. In the darkening night only Ajax continues to
fight:"solus invictus malis luctatur Ajax" (532-533). He is glanced
first by one and then struck by another bolt of lightning aimed at
him with deliberate malice by Athena. The goddess is affronted by
the resistance of the lone mortal:

Still Ajax struggles. Scorched, but unmoved, Ajax stands out from
the deep, like a sheer rock, cleaving the wild sea and breaking the
waves on his chest. Clasping his ship in his hand he draws the
flames behind him. And Ajax is illuminated. He causes all the sea to
shine (539-543).

Carlin A. Barton



Notes

(1) This essay is an abridged version of two chapters in my
forthcoming book, Fire in the Bones; the Emotions of Honor in
Ancient Rome.

(2) David Gilmore, Manhood in the Making; Cultural Concepts of
Masculinity (New Haven: Yale UP, 1990) 11.

(3) Irenäus Eibel-Eibesfeldt, "Ritual and Ritualization from a
Biological Perspective," Human Ethology; Claims and Limits of a New
Discipline, eds. M. von Cranach, K. Foppa, W. Lepenies and D. Ploog
(Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1979) 15.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38335 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salvete omnes,

I hereby communicate the official position of the gens Martiana regarding
the Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis, hereafter referred to as "the
edictum."

In our collective judgment, the following clause of the edictum is
incompatible with the interests of the gens Martiana:

"II. Nomen
"II.a. All men's nomina should end in -ius or -aeus; women's in '-ia' or 'aea.'
"All nomina that do not end in -ius/-ia or -aeus/-aea cannot be chosen by a
prospective citizen at the application stage when joining Nova Roma."

I joined Nova Roma as its 173rd citizen, and formed the gens Martiana
during the first year of Nova Roma's existence in accordance with the laws
then extant. The name and the gens Martiana have existed for seven
years. The edictum is ex post facto in action and is therefore contrary to
the principles of Roman justice. To bar new citizens from joining the gens
Martiana constitutes an unjust act of discrimination on the part of the
government of Nova Roma perpetrated against the gens Martiana, a people who
have never offered offense to Nova Roma, whose members have served the
republic faithfully, and who only desire to seek Romanitas unmolested,
unhindered, and in peace. The edictum is a cyberspace form of forced
sterilization and ethnic cleansing, for a gens that cannot receive new
members is doomed to eventual extinction. The edictum constitutes what is
probably the first micronation-sponsored genocide, the systematic
suppression and extinguishment of a gens. Indeed, as the edictum similarly
afflicts many gentes in Nova Roma, the republic has begun the process of
committing multiple acts of genocide.

Unwilling to go quietly into that good night, to escape the genocidal
policy of Nova Roma, the gens Martiana has no choice but to seek its future
beyond the republic. Anticipating of the promulgation of this edictum, the
gens Martiana passed the following sententia by unanimous vote of its
members on Kalendis October, MMDCCLVIII AUC:

"Whereas Nova Roma's ever-growing list of onerous citizenship requirements
has discouraged applicants to the gens Martiana from completing the
citizenship process; and

"Whereas the gens Martiana was established in MMDCCLI ab urbe condita, anno
Martis CCVII and was accepted by the Censors of Nova Roma, yet the Censors
of Nova Roma now obstruct new citizens from joining the gens, effectively
making the gens a closed one against its will and threatening its eventual
extinction; and

"Whereas the current policy of the Censors of Nova Roma constitutes an ex
post facto law to the disparagement of the principles of Roman justice, and
violates the most basic human right, that of identity, such right being
derived from jus naturale, which is recognized as a source of law in Roman
jurisprudence;

"Therefore be it resolved that the gens Martiana, acting in the interest of
its very survival as well as its liberty, declares said policy of the
Censors of Nova Roma to be unjust and un-Roman, that the gens opens its
membership to all people who profess any of the Mediterranean and European
cultures that existed during the Republican and Imperial periods of
classical Rome, and that no distinction shall be made among members of the
gens as to their status in Nova Roma; and

"Resolved, that since the republic now discourages the growth of the gens
Martiana, thus the gens is no longer obligated to encourage the growth of
the republic, and indeed, the growth of the republic has become inimical to
the interests of our gens and our constituent familiae, all mention of Nova
Roma shall be removed from the Gens Martiana website."

I am pleased to report that in the three weeks since the sententia was
adopted, the gens Martiana has experienced a remarkable growth spurt,
increasing its membership by 28%, including the formation of a new
Romano-Celtic familia... in only three weeks! At this rate, it will not be
long before Nova Roma citizens constitute a minority of the membership of
the gens Martiana. As time passes, Nova Roma will become increasingly
irrelevant to us.

The gens Martiana are a Roman people, but we are also a free people. It is
regrettable that Romanitas and libertas are no longer compatible in Nova Roma.

Bonus noctis, et bona fortuna.

Marcus Martianus Gangalius, Pater gentis Martianum
Pater, Familia Gangalia
Lictor
Sodalus Palatinus
Legatus, California Superior
Aedilis Curule, MMDCCLII


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38336 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Wow.
--- Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com <marcus@...>
wrote:
> Salvete omnes,
>
> I hereby communicate the official position of the
gens Martiana regarding
> the Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis,
hereafter referred to as "the
> edictum."
>
> In our collective judgment, the following clause of
the edictum is
> incompatible with the interests of the gens
Martiana:
>
> "II. Nomen
> "II.a. All men's nomina should end in -ius or -aeus;
women's in '-ia' or 'aea.'
> "All nomina that do not end in -ius/-ia or
-aeus/-aea cannot be chosen by a
> prospective citizen at the application stage when
joining Nova Roma."
>
> I joined Nova Roma as its 173rd citizen, and formed
the gens Martiana
> during the first year of Nova Roma's existence in
accordance with the laws
> then extant. The name and the gens Martiana have
existed for seven
> years. The edictum is ex post facto in action and
is therefore contrary to
> the principles of Roman justice. To bar new
citizens from joining the gens
> Martiana constitutes an unjust act of discrimination
on the part of the
> government of Nova Roma perpetrated against the gens
Martiana, a people who
> have never offered offense to Nova Roma, whose
members have served the
> republic faithfully, and who only desire to seek
Romanitas unmolested,
> unhindered, and in peace. The edictum is a
cyberspace form of forced
> sterilization and ethnic cleansing, for a gens that
cannot receive new
> members is doomed to eventual extinction. The
edictum constitutes what is
> probably the first micronation-sponsored genocide,
the systematic
> suppression and extinguishment of a gens. Indeed,
as the edictum similarly
> afflicts many gentes in Nova Roma, the republic has
begun the process of
> committing multiple acts of genocide.
>
> Unwilling to go quietly into that good night, to
escape the genocidal
> policy of Nova Roma, the gens Martiana has no choice
but to seek its future
> beyond the republic. Anticipating of the
promulgation of this edictum, the
> gens Martiana passed the following sententia by
unanimous vote of its
> members on Kalendis October, MMDCCLVIII AUC:
>
> "Whereas Nova Roma's ever-growing list of onerous
citizenship requirements
> has discouraged applicants to the gens Martiana from
completing the
> citizenship process; and
>
> "Whereas the gens Martiana was established in
MMDCCLI ab urbe condita, anno
> Martis CCVII and was accepted by the Censors of Nova
Roma, yet the Censors
> of Nova Roma now obstruct new citizens from joining
the gens, effectively
> making the gens a closed one against its will and
threatening its eventual
> extinction; and
>
> "Whereas the current policy of the Censors of Nova
Roma constitutes an ex
> post facto law to the disparagement of the
principles of Roman justice, and
> violates the most basic human right, that of
identity, such right being
> derived from jus naturale, which is recognized as a
source of law in Roman
> jurisprudence;
>
> "Therefore be it resolved that the gens Martiana,
acting in the interest of
> its very survival as well as its liberty, declares
said policy of the
> Censors of Nova Roma to be unjust and un-Roman, that
the gens opens its
> membership to all people who profess any of the
Mediterranean and European
> cultures that existed during the Republican and
Imperial periods of
> classical Rome, and that no distinction shall be
made among members of the
> gens as to their status in Nova Roma; and
>
> "Resolved, that since the republic now discourages
the growth of the gens
> Martiana, thus the gens is no longer obligated to
encourage the growth of
> the republic, and indeed, the growth of the republic
has become inimical to
> the interests of our gens and our constituent
familiae, all mention of Nova
> Roma shall be removed from the Gens Martiana
website."
>
> I am pleased to report that in the three weeks since
the sententia was
> adopted, the gens Martiana has experienced a
remarkable growth spurt,
> increasing its membership by 28%, including the
formation of a new
> Romano-Celtic familia... in only three week
=== Message Truncated ===


S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen






__________________________________
Yahoo! Mail - PC Magazine Editors' Choice 2005
http://mail.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38337 From: David Kling Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
C. Fabius Buteo Modianus Marco Martiano Gangalio salutem dicit
I would urge you to contact the tribunes if you feel this edict is unjust.
Posting to the main list your disdain for the edict, and your solution to
"seek a future beyond the republic" is something that should be reserved if
other options have been exhausted. I would urge you to contact the Censors,
and see if a solution could be found. Perhaps the senate could make a
recommendation that all venerable and established Gens be allowed to
continue. Seven years is a long time, and precedence has been established.
However, the Censors do a difficult job. They surely have the best interest
of Nova Roma at heart, and I do not feel they intend to conduct any sort of
"genocide." Surely there can be some sort of solution to this problem.
We must be patient with one another, and realize that we are ALL on the
same side.
Valete;
C. Fabius Buteo Modianus
On 10/23/05, Thomas Gangale <marcus@...> wrote:
>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> I hereby communicate the official position of the gens Martiana regarding
> the Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis, hereafter referred to as "the
> edictum."
>
> In our collective judgment, the following clause of the edictum is
> incompatible with the interests of the gens Martiana:
>
> "II. Nomen
> "II.a. All men's nomina should end in -ius or -aeus; women's in '-ia' or
> 'aea.'
> "All nomina that do not end in -ius/-ia or -aeus/-aea cannot be chosen by
> a
> prospective citizen at the application stage when joining Nova Roma."
>
> I joined Nova Roma as its 173rd citizen, and formed the gens Martiana
> during the first year of Nova Roma's existence in accordance with the laws
> then extant. The name and the gens Martiana have existed for seven
> years. The edictum is ex post facto in action and is therefore contrary to
> the principles of Roman justice. To bar new citizens from joining the gens
> Martiana constitutes an unjust act of discrimination on the part of the
> government of Nova Roma perpetrated against the gens Martiana, a people
> who
> have never offered offense to Nova Roma, whose members have served the
> republic faithfully, and who only desire to seek Romanitas unmolested,
> unhindered, and in peace. The edictum is a cyberspace form of forced
> sterilization and ethnic cleansing, for a gens that cannot receive new
> members is doomed to eventual extinction. The edictum constitutes what is
> probably the first micronation-sponsored genocide, the systematic
> suppression and extinguishment of a gens. Indeed, as the edictum similarly
> afflicts many gentes in Nova Roma, the republic has begun the process of
> committing multiple acts of genocide.
>
> Unwilling to go quietly into that good night, to escape the genocidal
> policy of Nova Roma, the gens Martiana has no choice but to seek its
> future
> beyond the republic. Anticipating of the promulgation of this edictum, the
> gens Martiana passed the following sententia by unanimous vote of its
> members on Kalendis October, MMDCCLVIII AUC:
>
> "Whereas Nova Roma's ever-growing list of onerous citizenship requirements
> has discouraged applicants to the gens Martiana from completing the
> citizenship process; and
>
> "Whereas the gens Martiana was established in MMDCCLI ab urbe condita,
> anno
> Martis CCVII and was accepted by the Censors of Nova Roma, yet the Censors
> of Nova Roma now obstruct new citizens from joining the gens, effectively
> making the gens a closed one against its will and threatening its eventual
> extinction; and
>
> "Whereas the current policy of the Censors of Nova Roma constitutes an ex
> post facto law to the disparagement of the principles of Roman justice,
> and
> violates the most basic human right, that of identity, such right being
> derived from jus naturale, which is recognized as a source of law in Roman
> jurisprudence;
>
> "Therefore be it resolved that the gens Martiana, acting in the interest
> of
> its very survival as well as its liberty, declares said policy of the
> Censors of Nova Roma to be unjust and un-Roman, that the gens opens its
> membership to all people who profess any of the Mediterranean and European
> cultures that existed during the Republican and Imperial periods of
> classical Rome, and that no distinction shall be made among members of the
> gens as to their status in Nova Roma; and
>
> "Resolved, that since the republic now discourages the growth of the gens
> Martiana, thus the gens is no longer obligated to encourage the growth of
> the republic, and indeed, the growth of the republic has become inimical
> to
> the interests of our gens and our constituent familiae, all mention of
> Nova
> Roma shall be removed from the Gens Martiana website."
>
> I am pleased to report that in the three weeks since the sententia was
> adopted, the gens Martiana has experienced a remarkable growth spurt,
> increasing its membership by 28%, including the formation of a new
> Romano-Celtic familia... in only three weeks! At this rate, it will not be
> long before Nova Roma citizens constitute a minority of the membership of
> the gens Martiana. As time passes, Nova Roma will become increasingly
> irrelevant to us.
>
> The gens Martiana are a Roman people, but we are also a free people. It is
> regrettable that Romanitas and libertas are no longer compatible in Nova
> Roma.
>
> Bonus noctis, et bona fortuna.
>
> Marcus Martianus Gangalius, Pater gentis Martianum
> Pater, Familia Gangalia
> Lictor
> Sodalus Palatinus
> Legatus, California Superior
> Aedilis Curule, MMDCCLII
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38338 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
In the pursuit of neverending historical correctness
for some things but political correctness for others
this is bound to happen. NR is just a confused place.
--- Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
<tau.athanasios@...> wrote:
> C. Fabius Buteo Modianus Marco Martiano Gangalio
salutem dicit
> I would urge you to contact the tribunes if you
feel this edict is unjust.
> Posting to the main list your disdain for the edict,
and your solution to
> "seek a future beyond the republic" is something
that should be reserved if
> other options have been exhausted. I would urge you
to contact the Censors,
> and see if a solution could be found. Perhaps the
senate could make a
> recommendation that all venerable and established
Gens be allowed to
> continue. Seven years is a long time, and precedence
has been established.
> However, the Censors do a difficult job. They
surely have the best interest
> of Nova Roma at heart, and I do not feel they intend
to conduct any sort of
> "genocide." Surely there can be some sort of
solution to this problem.
> We must be patient with one another, and realize
that we are ALL on the
> same side.
> Valete;
> C. Fabius Buteo Modianus
> On 10/23/05, Thomas Gangale <marcus@...>
wrote:
> >
> > Salvete omnes,
> >
> > I hereby communicate the official position of the
gens Martiana regarding
> > the Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis,
hereafter referred to as "the
> > edictum."
> >
> > In our collective judgment, the following clause
of the edictum is
> > incompatible with the interests of the gens
Martiana:
> >
> > "II. Nomen
> > "II.a. All men's nomina should end in -ius or
-aeus; women's in '-ia' or
> > 'aea.'
> > "All nomina that do not end in -ius/-ia or
-aeus/-aea cannot be chosen by
> > a
> > prospective citizen at the application stage when
joining Nova Roma."
> >
> > I joined Nova Roma as its 173rd citizen, and
formed the gens Martiana
> > during the first year of Nova Roma's existence in
accordance with the laws
> > then extant. The name and the gens Martiana have
existed for seven
> > years. The edictum is ex post facto in action and
is therefore contrary to
> > the principles of Roman justice. To bar new
citizens from joining the gens
> > Martiana constitutes an unjust act of
discrimination on the part of the
> > government of Nova Roma perpetrated against the
gens Martiana, a people
> > who
> > have never offered offense to Nova Roma, whose
members have served the
> > republic faithfully, and who only desire to seek
Romanitas unmolested,
> > unhindered, and in peace. The edictum is a
cyberspace form of forced
> > sterilization and ethnic cleansing, for a gens
that cannot receive new
> > members is doomed to eventual extinction. The
edictum constitutes what is
> > probably the first micronation-sponsored genocide,
the systematic
> > suppression and extinguishment of a gens. Indeed,
as the edictum similarly
> > afflicts many gentes in Nova Roma, the republic
has begun the process of
> > committing multiple acts of genocide.
> >
> > Unwilling to go quietly into that good night, to
escape the genocidal
> > policy of Nova Roma, the gens Martiana has no
choice but to seek its
> > future
> > beyond the republic. Anticipating of the
promulgation of this edictum, the
> > gens Martiana passed the following sententia by
unanimous vote of its
> > members on Kalendis October, MMDCCLVIII AUC:
> >
> > "Whereas Nova Roma's ever-growing list of onerous
citizenship requirements
> > has discouraged applicants to the gens Martiana
from completing the
> > citizenship process; and
> >
> > "Whereas the gens Martiana was established in
MMDCCLI ab urbe condita,
> > anno
> > Martis CCVII and was accepted by the Censors of
Nova Roma, yet the Censors
> > of Nova Roma now obstruct new citizens from
joining the gens, effectively
> > making the gens a closed one against its will and
threatening its eventual
> > extinction; and
> >
> > "Whereas the current policy of the Censors of Nova
Roma constitutes an ex
> > post facto law to the disparagement of the
principles of Roman justice,
> > and
> > violates the most basic human right, that of
identity, such right being
> > derived from jus naturale, which is recognized as
a source of law in Roman
> > jurisprudence;
> >
> > "Therefore be it resolved that the gens
=== Message Truncated ===


S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen





__________________________________
Yahoo! FareChase: Search multiple travel sites in one click.
http://farechase.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38339 From: P. Minucia Tiberia Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: The Magna Mater, Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidius, The Dream, The Coi
Ave Novae Romae!!!


The saga continues Quirites!

WHAT? You didn't see the first half of the story? What a shame......your loss, really. Well, here's a quick recap:

In our last exciting episode.........a small group of archeology students of Nova Roma found a coin at the site of the Magna Mater Temple Ruins in Rome...........later to be confirmed as none other than a silver denaris minted by Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus Consul Roma 109 BCE.

Meanwhile........a 'few' centuries ago, Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus is scratching his head in BCE 110, wondering what in Hades happened to his silver denaris he *swore* he had in a pouch in the sinus of his toga......he was also recovering from a Falernian-induced dream/nightmare in which he threw the coin in anger onto the Magna Mater temple 'ruins'.... in some "strange" Rome in some "strange" time (maybe our era?).....'ruins' which shouldn't have been 'ruins' because he had just paid maximally to have the temple fixed....and how could it have been up and just, yunno... 'ruined'??????..... Well, thank goodness it was all a dream....but where 'is' that coin, he's thinking? And he's hungover......uggh......anyway, anyway...........

Well, the GOOD NEWS is that by means, oh which involves another long and convoluted story to explain...... 'WE' have it!

And YOU just might end up owing it!! YES!!! ..........YOU!!

SERIOUSLY QUIRITES............

For every $9.75 donation in U.S. dollars 'or' for every 8,00 Euro donation to the Magna Mater Fund you make from now until Nov. 2 noon Roma time....YOU will gain an opportunity to own this coin. And what better way to celebrate the upcoming Ludi Victoria, help the Magna Mater Project, and also honour a benefactor of the Magna Mater from antiqua? Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus did indeed restore the Temple of Magna Mater after a fire destroyed this sacred place of Rome around 110 BCE.



Details of the coin:

Purchased from Angloantiquities co. U.K.
Certificate of Authenticity with coin

www.angloantiquities.com

Particulars: estimated age 130 BCE
Roman Silver Denaris
weight: 3.8 gm
size 18 mm
Graded F. Most of the markings are still quite sharp. The coin has lost some of its symmetry and has some of the outer edge marking missing. Well, it is old, but for the most part distinguishable. It is genuine. There is more than one of these, though. Here is a URL from a collector (not the vendor) describing the features of this coin in detail. The coin is easily identified from this picture, feature for feature, but presents sharper 'in hand' than the image on line:

http://www.romanrepublicancoins.com/Q_Caecilius_Metellus.html

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT COIN-RELATED FUNDRAISING CAMPAIGNS INTRODUCED BY MEDIOCRE HISTORICAL PROSE :)

i) How do I make a donation to the Magna Mater Fund?

The Paypal feature has always been available, (the same way many of us pay taxes) and this is the preferred way to go, as this campaign will run only until Nov. 2 1200 Roman Time. Visit the website, www.novaroma.org and you will see an Icon inviting donations. Click on that for prompts and info on using PayPal.

********Be SURE to stipulate "Magna Mater Fund" with your donations please, so that we (and the Quaestors) know specifically what the money is for, and you will be credited by us and gain a chance to own the coin above****

If you are extra generous and wish to donate twice the amount above, well then you will get two chances to own this coin, Three times the amount, three chances. Sixty Six times the amount, and Sixty Six chances.

ii. Who is the Custode of this Random Decision?

The Honorable Lucia Modia Lupa, Vestal et Sacerdos Diana has graciously offered her services. Ave Modia! We will request a list of names of those who donated to this worthy cause. (If you have donated 66 times the amount, yes, your name will appear on the list 66 times) The entered names on this list will be witnessed and numbered randomly by myself, Lucius Iulius Sulla Curule Aedile or his designate, and another Curule Magistrate or Pontifex not of his Cohorte. The Honored Sacerdos, without being privy to this list of course, shall, upon request of the Curule Aedile or his designate, select a number between one and the total number of those donating to determine the owner of this coin.

iii. What if I don't win?

There are no losers in this contest. Unfortunately, only one person can own the coin, but one cannot lose giving a small amount of funding to such a worthy cause as the valorization of the rich culture, religion and archeolological legacies of the Magna Mater.

iv. When are you going to get some skills and take creative writing lessons, Po?

That will be quite enough, thank you.
************

This campaign is enacted by Imperium of Lucius Iulius Sulla Curulus Aedilis in the Consulship of F. Apulus Caesar and G. Popillius Laenus 2758 A.U.C.

Particulars of this campaign shall be posted on the Ludi Victoria Sulla website courtesy of Cohor et Propraetor Titus Iulius Sabinus. URL/details to be repeated throughout the campaign.

Questions regarding this campaign are welcomed. Please write Pompeia_Minucia_Tiberia@...


Valete












---------------------------------
Yahoo! FareChase - Search multiple travel sites in one click.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38340 From: Maior Date: 2005-10-23
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
M. Hortensia Quiritibus spd;
my as my good friend Cordus would say, what a tempest in a
teapot. In my "Repertorium nominum gentilium et cognominium Latinorum"
right before me on p 113 there is "Martiannius" PIR M 337
When Cordus returns we can locate this nomen as it is found in
the newer inscriptions, I wish people would contact the Censors first.
That's why they have a host of Latinists, Classicists and researchers
to help everyone here. That's my job.
bene valete
Marca Hortensia Maior TRP
Caput Officina Iuris
et Investigatio CFB
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38341 From: Q. Caecilius Metellus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: A Short Survey
Q. Metellus Pont. Quiritibus sal.

If you would be so kind as to indulge me by answering this survey, I'd
greatly appreciate it. Depending on the results, which I'll publish on
both the lists to which I'm sending this, something more might come of
this, but for now, I'd just like to gauge interest. If those of you who
wish to respond would be so kind as to send your responses to me at
metellus@..., I would be appreciative.

Valete,

Q. Caecilius Metellus
Pontifex

-----

1. Do you consider yourself a practitioner of the Religio Romana?

2. Would you subscribe to a publication focused on the Religio Romana?

2.a. How much, in any currency, would you be willing to pay for such a
publication?

2.b. With what frenquency would you like said publication to be issued?
Bi-Weekly, Monthly, Bi-monthly, Quarterly, Semi-Annually

3. Would you be willing to contribute to such a publication?

3.a. How much and at what frequency?

3.b. What, specifically, would you be willing to contribute?

4. What features, in particular, would you like to see in such a
publication?
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38342 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
> A. Tullia Scholastica M. Hortensiae Maiori quiritibus, sociis, peregrinisque
> omnibus S.P.D.
>
>
> M. Hortensia Quiritibus spd;
> my as my good friend Cordus would say, what a tempest in a
> teapot. In my "Repertorium nominum gentilium et cognominium Latinorum"
> right before me on p 113 there is "Martiannius" PIR M 337
> When Cordus returns we can locate this nomen as it is found in
> the newer inscriptions, I wish people would contact the Censors first.
> That's why they have a host of Latinists, Classicists and researchers
> to help everyone here. That's my job.
>
>
> ATS: I agree completely. Especially when such a minor change would bring the
> name of this gens into compliance with correct Latin, and correct Roman
> onomastic practice, it is incomprehensible why anyone would object. Many
> things were wrong in the beginning of Nova Roma, notably many things about the
> Latin and the historical fidelity of our institutions. There were no experts
> here who could rule on such matters. That is no longer the case‹we have
> several highly qualified people here, including a world-class Latinist most of
> you have never heard of because he isn¹t active in politics, and isn¹t on the
> ML. The name of the oldest sodality here, the cooking sodality, was highly
> incorrect Latin, but at my suggestion, its dominus changed its name to more
> correct Latin. I am one of several citizens who have changed their names in
> keeping with more correct Roman practice. We have changed the titles of two
> minor magistrates, and rearranged the duties of some others; the rogatores no
> longer count votes, they register new citizens. New offices exist for the
> counting of votes, and the certification of their accuracy. The first 50 or
> so laws were proofread and corrected, but our former webmaster took the
> working page down. We hope to reestablish something in that regard. Other
> corrections have been made in our institutions and our use of the language of
> the Romans. Maturity and a true desire for Romanitas (and Latinitas) will
> lead the true Romans among us to accept, even welcome, such changes.
>
> bene valete
> Marca Hortensia Maior TRP
> Caput Officina Iuris
> et Investigatio CFB
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
>
>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38343 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
> A. Tullia Scholastica M. Martiano Gangalio quiritibus, sociis, peregrinisque
> omnibus S.P.D.
>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> I hereby communicate the official position of the gens Martiana regarding
> the Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis, hereafter referred to as "the
> edictum."
>
> In our collective judgment, the following clause of the edictum is
> incompatible with the interests of the gens Martiana:
>
> "II. Nomen
> "II.a. All men's nomina should end in -ius or -aeus; women's in '-ia' or
> 'aea.'
> "All nomina that do not end in -ius/-ia or -aeus/-aea cannot be chosen by a
> prospective citizen at the application stage when joining Nova Roma."
>
> I joined Nova Roma as its 173rd citizen, and formed the gens Martiana
> during the first year of Nova Roma's existence in accordance with the laws
> then extant.
>
> ATS: I joined Nova Roma with a name all of whose elements were good and
> historically attested Latin, as befits someone who is a classicist. Every
> element of my name was chosen for a very good reason, and all were perfectly
> acceptable to the censores at the time, and in keeping with the guidelines for
> women¹s names at the time. However, as it turned out, I had a surfeit of
> nomina, and a deficit of a true praenomen, and changed these in keeping with
> Roman practice. I¹m not alone.
>
> The name and the gens Martiana have existed for seven
> years. The edictum is ex post facto in action and is therefore contrary to
> the principles of Roman justice. To bar new citizens from joining the gens
> Martiana constitutes an unjust act of discrimination on the part of the
> government of Nova Roma perpetrated against the gens Martiana, a people who
> have never offered offense to Nova Roma, whose members have served the
> republic faithfully, and who only desire to seek Romanitas unmolested,
> unhindered, and in peace. The edictum is a cyberspace form of forced
> sterilization and ethnic cleansing, for a gens that cannot receive new
> members is doomed to eventual extinction. The edictum constitutes what is
> probably the first micronation-sponsored genocide, the systematic
> suppression and extinguishment of a gens. Indeed, as the edictum similarly
> afflicts many gentes in Nova Roma, the republic has begun the process of
> committing multiple acts of genocide.
>
> ATS: Most of us scholars don¹t do well with emotional reactions to simple
> factual material, and I certainly don¹t. The fact is that we are imitating
> the Roman republic, and this is the way Roman republican nomina were formed.
> As M. Hortensia Maior, who is on the nomenclature research team, has pointed
> out, a very minor change in spelling would permit the continued existence of
> this gens, which makes this reaction all the more overblown. Yes, other
> gentes will be affected. Some have names that are morphologically impossible,
> and others, even those with the proper termination, are nouns, not adjectives,
> as nomina must be in order to admit both masculine and feminine genders.
> There are no feminine swords. There are no masculine willow trees. This
> edictum is a minor step in the right direction, one anyone who truly wants to
> follow the Romans would be glad to take‹along with the others which must
> follow. Some of these nomina can be converted to proper Latin by a minor
> change. Others may require a bigger change, but one which will still make
> them viable.
>
> Unwilling to go quietly into that good night, to escape the genocidal
> policy of Nova Roma, the gens Martiana has no choice but to seek its future
> beyond the republic. Anticipating of the promulgation of this edictum, the
> gens Martiana passed the following sententia by unanimous vote of its
> members on Kalendis October, MMDCCLVIII AUC:
>
> ATS: There¹s nothing genocidal about this policy.
>
> "Whereas Nova Roma's ever-growing list of onerous citizenship requirements
> has discouraged applicants to the gens Martiana from completing the
> citizenship process; and
>
> "Whereas the gens Martiana was established in MMDCCLI ab urbe condita, anno
> Martis CCVII and was accepted by the Censors of Nova Roma, yet the Censors
> of Nova Roma now obstruct new citizens from joining the gens, effectively
> making the gens a closed one against its will and threatening its eventual
> extinction; and
>
> "Whereas the current policy of the Censors of Nova Roma constitutes an ex
> post facto law to the disparagement of the principles of Roman justice, and
> violates the most basic human right, that of identity, such right being
> derived from jus naturale, which is recognized as a source of law in Roman
> jurisprudence;
>
> "Therefore be it resolved that the gens Martiana, acting in the interest of
> its very survival as well as its liberty, declares said policy of the
> Censors of Nova Roma to be unjust and un-Roman, that the gens opens its
> membership to all people who profess any of the Mediterranean and European
> cultures that existed during the Republican and Imperial periods of
> classical Rome, and that no distinction shall be made among members of the
> gens as to their status in Nova Roma; and
>
> "Resolved, that since the republic now discourages the growth of the gens
> Martiana, thus the gens is no longer obligated to encourage the growth of
> the republic, and indeed, the growth of the republic has become inimical to
> the interests of our gens and our constituent familiae, all mention of Nova
> Roma shall be removed from the Gens Martiana website."
>
> I am pleased to report that in the three weeks since the sententia was
> adopted, the gens Martiana has experienced a remarkable growth spurt,
> increasing its membership by 28%, including the formation of a new
> Romano-Celtic familia... in only three weeks! At this rate, it will not be
> long before Nova Roma citizens constitute a minority of the membership of
> the gens Martiana. As time passes, Nova Roma will become increasingly
> irrelevant to us.
>
> The gens Martiana are a Roman people, but we are also a free people. It is
> regrettable that Romanitas and libertas are no longer compatible in Nova Roma.
>
> I haven¹t noticed this‹Romanitas and libertas seem quite compatible‹but
> libertas is not the same as licentia‹a matter frequently confused in the U.S.
> at least.
>
> Bonus noctis, et bona fortuna.
>
> Marcus Martianus Gangalius, Pater gentis Martianum
> Pater, Familia Gangalia
> Lictor
> Sodalus Palatinus
> Legatus, California Superior
> Aedilis Curule, MMDCCLII
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
> Classicist
> Scriba Censoris Gn. Equiti Marini
> Scriba Praetoris M. Iuli Perusiani
> Interpres Linguae Latinae
> Praeceptrix Linguae Latinae Academiae Thules
> Moderatrix Sodalitatis Latinitatis
> Coryphaea Sodalitatis Musarum
> Sodalis Gregis Latine Loquentium
>
>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38344 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws
Salve My friend Marcvs Flavivs Fides said

"Whereas the current policy of the Censors of Nova
Roma constitutes an ex post facto law"


If you really think this edict is an "ex post facto" law then simply sue them in a Nova Roman court. Last year Nova Roma adopted a constitutional amendment outlawing any ex post facto laws.

1.. Ex Post Factis
2.. No one shall suffer a penalty for an action which was not subject to a penalty when the action was performed. If an action was subject to a penalty when the action was performed but is no longer subject to any penalty, no penalty shall be applied for that action.
3.. No one shall suffer a greater penalty for an action than the penalty which was applicable when the action was taken. If an action was subject to a penalty when the action was performed but is now subject to a lesser penalty, the lesser penalty shall be applicable for that action.

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus


----- Original Message -----
From: raymond fuentes<mailto:praefectus2324@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Sunday, October 23, 2005 10:02 PM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis


Wow.
--- Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com> <marcus@...<mailto:marcus@...>>
wrote:
> Salvete omnes,
>
> I hereby communicate the official position of the
gens Martiana regarding
> the Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis,
hereafter referred to as "the
> edictum."
>
> In our collective judgment, the following clause of
the edictum is
> incompatible with the interests of the gens
Martiana:
>
> "II. Nomen
> "II.a. All men's nomina should end in -ius or -aeus;
women's in '-ia' or 'aea.'
> "All nomina that do not end in -ius/-ia or
-aeus/-aea cannot be chosen by a
> prospective citizen at the application stage when
joining Nova Roma."
>
> I joined Nova Roma as its 173rd citizen, and formed
the gens Martiana
> during the first year of Nova Roma's existence in
accordance with the laws
> then extant. The name and the gens Martiana have
existed for seven
> years. The edictum is ex post facto in action and
is therefore contrary to
> the principles of Roman justice. To bar new
citizens from joining the gens
> Martiana constitutes an unjust act of discrimination
on the part of the
> government of Nova Roma perpetrated against the gens
Martiana, a people who
> have never offered offense to Nova Roma, whose
members have served the
> republic faithfully, and who only desire to seek
Romanitas unmolested,
> unhindered, and in peace. The edictum is a
cyberspace form of forced
> sterilization and ethnic cleansing, for a gens that
cannot receive new
> members is doomed to eventual extinction. The
edictum constitutes what is
> probably the first micronation-sponsored genocide,
the systematic
> suppression and extinguishment of a gens. Indeed,
as the edictum similarly
> afflicts many gentes in Nova Roma, the republic has
begun the process of
> committing multiple acts of genocide.
>
> Unwilling to go quietly into that good night, to
escape the genocidal
> policy of Nova Roma, the gens Martiana has no choice
but to seek its future
> beyond the republic. Anticipating of the
promulgation of this edictum, the
> gens Martiana passed the following sententia by
unanimous vote of its
> members on Kalendis October, MMDCCLVIII AUC:
>
> "Whereas Nova Roma's ever-growing list of onerous
citizenship requirements
> has discouraged applicants to the gens Martiana from
completing the
> citizenship process; and
>
> "Whereas the gens Martiana was established in
MMDCCLI ab urbe condita, anno
> Martis CCVII and was accepted by the Censors of Nova
Roma, yet the Censors
> of Nova Roma now obstruct new citizens from joining
the gens, effectively
> making the gens a closed one against its will and
threatening its eventual
> extinction; and
>
> "Whereas the current policy of the Censors of Nova
Roma constitutes an ex
> post facto law to the disparagement of the
principles of Roman justice, and
> violates the most basic human right, that of
identity, such right being
> derived from jus naturale, which is recognized as a
source of law in Roman
> jurisprudence;
>
> "Therefore be it resolved that the gens Martiana,
acting in the interest of
> its very survival as well as its liberty, declares
said policy of the
> Censors of Nova Roma to be unjust and un-Roman, that
the gens opens its
> membership to all people who profess any of the
Mediterranean and European
> cultures that existed during the Republican and
Imperial periods of
> classical Rome, and that no distinction shall be
made among members of the
> gens as to their status in Nova Roma; and
>
> "Resolved, that since the republic now discourages
the growth of the gens
> Martiana, thus the gens is no longer obligated to
encourage the growth of
> the republic, and indeed, the growth of the republic
has become inimical to
> the interests of our gens and our constituent
familiae, all mention of Nova
> Roma shall be removed from the Gens Martiana
website."
>
> I am pleased to report that in the three weeks since
the sententia was
> adopted, the gens Martiana has experienced a
remarkable growth spurt,
> increasing its membership by 28%, including the
formation of a new
> Romano-Celtic familia... in only three week
=== Message Truncated ===


S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen






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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38345 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: a.d. IX Kal. Nov.
OSD G. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem IX Kalendas Novembris; haec dies comitialis est.

"After various opinions had been expressed, Annius spoke as follows:
"Although it was I who put the question to you as to what answer
should be given, I still think that it is of more importance to the
interests of the State to decide what must be done rather than what
must be said. When our plans are developed it will be easy enough to
fit words to facts. If even now we are capable of submitting to
servitude under the shadowy pretext of a treaty on equal terms, what
is to prevent us from deserting the Sidicines and receiving our orders
not only from the Romans but even from the Samnites, and giving as our
reply that we are ready to lay down our arms at the beck and call of
the Romans? But if your hearts are at last touched by any yearning for
independence; if a treaty, an alliance, an equality of rights really
exists; if we are at liberty to boast of the fact that the Romans are
of the same stock as ourselves, though once we were ashamed of it; if
our army, which when united with theirs doubles their strength, and
which the consuls will not dispense with when conducting wars which
concern them alone-if, I say, that army is really an army of their
allies, then why are we not on an equal footing in all respects? Why
is not one consul elected from the Latins? Those who possess half the
strength, do they possess half the government? This is not in itself
too much honour for us, seeing that we acknowledge Rome to be the head
of Latium, but we have made it appear so by our prolonged forbearance.

"But if ever you longed for an opportunity of taking your place in the
government and of making use of your liberty, now is the time; this is
the opportunity which has been given you by your own courage and the
goodness of the gods. You tried their patience by refusing to supply
troops. Who doubts that they were intensely irritated when we broke
through a custom more than two centuries old? Still they put up with
the annoyance. We waged war with the Paelignians on our own account;
they who before did not allow us the right to defend our own frontiers
did not intervene. They heard that the Sidicines were received into
our protection, that the Campanians had revolted from them to us, that
we were preparing an army to act against the Samnites with whom they
had a treaty, they never moved out of their City. What was this
extraordinary self-restraint due to but to a consciousness of our
strength and of theirs? I have it on good authority that when the
Samnites were laying their complaints about us they received a reply
from the Roman senate, from which it was quite evident that they
themselves do not now claim that Latium is under the authority of
Rome. Make your rights effective by insisting on what they are tacitly
conceding to you. If any one is afraid of saying this, I declare my
readiness to say it not only in the ears of the Roman people and their
senate but in the audience of Jupiter himself who dwells in the
Capitol, and to tell them that if they wish us to remain in alliance
with them they must accept one consul from us and half their senate."
His speech was followed by a universal shout of approval, and he was
empowered to do and to say whatever he deemed to be in furtherance of
the interests of the State of Latium and of his own honour." - Livy,
History of Rome 8.4


"The hardest fighting fell to the Third and Seventh Legions, and the
commander Antonius at the head of a picked auxiliary force pressed the
attack in this sector. Their grim rivalry in the offensive was too
much for the Vitellians, while the missiles hurled down on the
'tortoise' glanced harmlessly off. So in the end the defenders tipped
over the great gun itself upon the enemy beneath. For the moment this
made a gap, as it crushed the men on whom it fell. But it also took
with it in its fall the merlons and the upper part of the wall, and in
the same instant an adjacent tower succumbed to a hail of stones.
Here, while the men of the Seventh pressed the attack in close
formation, those of the Third managed to break a way through the gate
with their axes and swords. According to the unanimous testimony of
our authorities, the first to penetrate the camp was Gaius Volusius, a
private of the Third Legion. He climbed up to the wall, threw down any
men still attempting resistance, and waving and yelling to attract
attention, cried out 'The camp is ours'. His comrades, now that the
Vitellians were on the run and were jumping down from the wall, surged
through to join him. Heavy losses were inflicted on the enemy
throughout the open space between the camp and the fortifications of
Cremona

And now for the second time their eyes fell upon a battle setting
entirely new to them: lofty town-walls, towers of masonry, gates with
iron portcullises, a garrison flourishing its weapons and Cremona's
teeming populace, which was deeply attached to the Vitellian cause -
to say nothing of the large number of visitors from the rest of Italy
who had flocked to the fair regularly held at that time of year, their
numbers a help to the defence and their wealth an allurement to the
assailants. Antonius ordered torches to be produced and applied to the
most attractive suburban houses. The idea was that the loss of their
property might induce the Cremonese to change sides. Such buildings as
stood close to the walls and over-topped them he manned with his best
troops, who dislodged the first line of the defence with joists, tiles
and firebrands.

Some of the legionaries were already forming up for the 'tortoise' and
others discharging missiles and stones, when the morale of the
Vitellians gradually began to crack. The higher the rank, the less the
will to resist the inevitable. They feared that if Cremona too were
taken by storm, there would be no further question of quarter and the
conqueror's anger would fall entirely upon the tribunes and centurions
who were worth killing rather than upon the multitude who had nothing
to lose. But the ordinary soldier stood firm, for he cared nothing for
the future and thought himself relatively safe, because unknown.
Roaming through the streets or hidden in houses, these men refused to
ask for peace even when they had ceased to wage war. The camp
commandants took down the portraits of Vitellius and the indications
of his name. Caecina, who was still in confinement, was released from
his shackles and requested to plead for the Vitellians. He stood on
his dignity and refused, but they wore down his resistance with
tearful entreaties, presenting the degrading phenomenon of many fine
soldiers invoking the aid of a single traitor. Soon after, the white
flag was displayed prominently from the walls. Antonius signalled the
cease-fire, and the Vitellians brought out the standards and eagles.
These were followed by a dejected column of disarmed men with downcast
eyes. The victors had formed up to receive them, and at first jeered
and thrust at them with their weapons. But after a while, when the
beaten men faced their insults without flinching and impassively
endured everything, their tormentors remembered that this was the army
which, not long previously, had refrained from pressing home its
victory at Bedriacum. But when Caecina, distinguished by bordered toga
and lictors, thrust aside the throng and made his way forward in his
capacity as consul, the victors were in an uproar. They taunted him
with conceit and malevolence, never attractive vices, and treachery as
well. Antonius intervened, and giving him an escort sent him off to
Vespasian." - Tacitus, The Histories III.29-31

On this day in A.D. 69, the Second Battle of Cremona was fought. The
army of Vespasian was victorius over Vitellius, and they celebrated by
sacking nearby Cremona. This innocent city suffered a four day orgy of
murder and destruction.


Valete bene!

Cato




SOURCES

Livy (http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Liv2His.html),
Tacitus
(http://www.ourcivilisation.com/smartboard/shop/tacitusc/histries/chap10.htm),
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38346 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws
---
Salve:

I do not believe it was Fides who made this statement. You might
want to check the original post to which Fides is replying.

Pompeia

In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Timothy P. Gallagher" <spqr753@m...>
wrote:
>
> Salve My friend Marcvs Flavivs Fides said
>
> "Whereas the current policy of the Censors of Nova
> Roma constitutes an ex post facto law"
>
>
> If you really think this edict is an "ex post facto" law then
simply sue them in a Nova Roman court. Last year Nova Roma adopted a
constitutional amendment outlawing any ex post facto laws.
>
> 1.. Ex Post Factis
> 2.. No one shall suffer a penalty for an action which was not
subject to a penalty when the action was performed. If an action was
subject to a penalty when the action was performed but is no longer
subject to any penalty, no penalty shall be applied for that action.
> 3.. No one shall suffer a greater penalty for an action than the
penalty which was applicable when the action was taken. If an action
was subject to a penalty when the action was performed but is now
subject to a lesser penalty, the lesser penalty shall be applicable
for that action.
>
> Vale
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: raymond fuentes<mailto:praefectus2324@y...>
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Sunday, October 23, 2005 10:02 PM
> Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de
Nominibus Mutandis
>
>
> Wow.
> --- Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
<marcus@m...<mailto:marcus@m...>>
> wrote:
> > Salvete omnes,
> >
> > I hereby communicate the official position of the
> gens Martiana regarding
> > the Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis,
> hereafter referred to as "the
> > edictum."
> >
> > In our collective judgment, the following clause of
> the edictum is
> > incompatible with the interests of the gens
> Martiana:
> >
> > "II. Nomen
> > "II.a. All men's nomina should end in -ius or -aeus;
> women's in '-ia' or 'aea.'
> > "All nomina that do not end in -ius/-ia or
> -aeus/-aea cannot be chosen by a
> > prospective citizen at the application stage when
> joining Nova Roma."
> >
> > I joined Nova Roma as its 173rd citizen, and formed
> the gens Martiana
> > during the first year of Nova Roma's existence in
> accordance with the laws
> > then extant. The name and the gens Martiana have
> existed for seven
> > years. The edictum is ex post facto in action and
> is therefore contrary to
> > the principles of Roman justice. To bar new
> citizens from joining the gens
> > Martiana constitutes an unjust act of discrimination
> on the part of the
> > government of Nova Roma perpetrated against the gens
> Martiana, a people who
> > have never offered offense to Nova Roma, whose
> members have served the
> > republic faithfully, and who only desire to seek
> Romanitas unmolested,
> > unhindered, and in peace. The edictum is a
> cyberspace form of forced
> > sterilization and ethnic cleansing, for a gens that
> cannot receive new
> > members is doomed to eventual extinction. The
> edictum constitutes what is
> > probably the first micronation-sponsored genocide,
> the systematic
> > suppression and extinguishment of a gens. Indeed,
> as the edictum similarly
> > afflicts many gentes in Nova Roma, the republic has
> begun the process of
> > committing multiple acts of genocide.
> >
> > Unwilling to go quietly into that good night, to
> escape the genocidal
> > policy of Nova Roma, the gens Martiana has no choice
> but to seek its future
> > beyond the republic. Anticipating of the
> promulgation of this edictum, the
> > gens Martiana passed the following sententia by
> unanimous vote of its
> > members on Kalendis October, MMDCCLVIII AUC:
> >
> > "Whereas Nova Roma's ever-growing list of onerous
> citizenship requirements
> > has discouraged applicants to the gens Martiana from
> completing the
> > citizenship process; and
> >
> > "Whereas the gens Martiana was established in
> MMDCCLI ab urbe condita, anno
> > Martis CCVII and was accepted by the Censors of Nova
> Roma, yet the Censors
> > of Nova Roma now obstruct new citizens from joining
> the gens, effectively
> > making the gens a closed one against its will and
> threatening its eventual
> > extinction; and
> >
> > "Whereas the current policy of the Censors of Nova
> Roma constitutes an ex
> > post facto law to the disparagement of the
> principles of Roman justice, and
> > violates the most basic human right, that of
> identity, such right being
> > derived from jus naturale, which is recognized as a
> source of law in Roman
> > jurisprudence;
> >
> > "Therefore be it resolved that the gens Martiana,
> acting in the interest of
> > its very survival as well as its liberty, declares
> said policy of the
> > Censors of Nova Roma to be unjust and un-Roman, that
> the gens opens its
> > membership to all people who profess any of the
> Mediterranean and European
> > cultures that existed during the Republican and
> Imperial periods of
> > classical Rome, and that no distinction shall be
> made among members of the
> > gens as to their status in Nova Roma; and
> >
> > "Resolved, that since the republic now discourages
> the growth of the gens
> > Martiana, thus the gens is no longer obligated to
> encourage the growth of
> > the republic, and indeed, the growth of the republic
> has become inimical to
> > the interests of our gens and our constituent
> familiae, all mention of Nova
> > Roma shall be removed from the Gens Martiana
> website."
> >
> > I am pleased to report that in the three weeks since
> the sententia was
> > adopted, the gens Martiana has experienced a
> remarkable growth spurt,
> > increasing its membership by 28%, including the
> formation of a new
> > Romano-Celtic familia... in only three week
> === Message Truncated ===
>
>
> S P Q R
>
> Fidelis Ad Mortem.
>
> Marcvs Flavivs Fides
> Roman Citizen
>
>
>
>
>
>
> __________________________________
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38347 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws
G. Equitius Cato M. Martiano Gangalio Ti. Galerio Paulino M.
Hortensiae Maori quiritibusque S.P.D.

Salvete omnes.

The key ingredient here is the wording of this section:

"3. a. No one shall suffer a penalty for an action which was not
subject to a penalty when the action was performed. If an action was
subject to a penalty when the action was performed but is no longer
subject to any penalty, no penalty shall be applied for that action."
- LEX EQVITIA GALERIA DE LEGIBVS EX POST FACTIS (passed non. Oct. 2757
A.U.C.)

In non-legalese, no-one gets punished for doing "X" if it wasn't
punishable before any particular law regarding "X" was passed.

The question then becomes "does the Edict concerning the correction of
names impose a penalty upon the members of the gens Martiana?"


First, let me look at the edict itself:

"II.a. All men's nomina should end in -ius or -aeus; women's in '-ia'
or 'aea.' The -ius/-ia ending is by far more common in the
historical record.

All nomina that end in -ius/-a or -aeus/aea in Nova Roma can be
chosen by any prospective citizen at the application stage when
joining Nova Roma." - EDICTVM CENSORIVM DE NOMINIBVS MVTANDIS (issued
a.d. XII Kal. Nov. 2758 A.U.C.)

Now, I would argue that, as published, the edict has no claim on the
gens Martiana. Why? Because, by either oversight, clerical error, or
some other mechanism, the second paragraph of this portion of the
edict states that "all nomina that end in ius/a...can be chosen".
Since the gens name "Martiana" ends in "a", the edict allows it. In
order to change it, the censors must issue another official edict
correcting what may be a simple clerical mistake. For the time being
it has, however, been published officially and stands as is.


Now it is true that the third paragraph says that

"All nomina that do not end in -ius/-ia or -aeus/-aea CANNOT be chosen
[my emphasis]"

but this merely makes the edict self-contradictory. A prospective
citizen wishing to join the gens Martiana need only point to the
second paragraph; this edict simply creates another of Nova Roma's
endlessly circling legal battles unless and until it is corrected.


In addition, the first paragraph says that all men's nomina "should"
end in "-ius or aeus", but not that they *must* do so; the existence
of endings besides those encouraged by the edict is attested to in the
second paragraph of the edict itself when it states that these endings
are "more common" --- in generally understood English, something can
only be "more common" if there exist *other* versions of that thing
which are "less common".

So. The edict itself is a bit of a mess. Easily corrected, but until
the necessary corrections have been made, it cannot be used to support
the removal of any nominae.


Now, to the question of penalizing the gens Martiana (or, in fact, any
gens with a nomina that falls into a contested area). If the censors
refuse to allow any prospective citizen to choose the name Martiana,
then they are, in fact, commiting a specific act. A prospective
citizen is asking for something and the censors are secifically
responding in an official capacity to that request.

Does this penalize the gens Martiana? The paterfamilas projects into
the future, seeing the eventual extinction of the gens as no new
members would be allowed to join and so keep its numbers either at
current levels or expand. I assume he is not counting on any of the
current members reproducing fast enough to create new citizens on a
scale large enough to keep the numbers at least static. This same
scenario would apply to the gens Constantinus, of which the tribune
Fuscus is paterfamilias --- unless he changes his gens name to
"Constantinius", it will fall into a worse situation as there is no
error in the edict which would technically allow "-us" endings.

Yes, I believe that this can easily be perceived as a penalty, and a
violation of the lex Equitia Galeria regarding ex post facto
punishment, though not the "genocide" that Martianus Ganglius
portrays, as there is no inherent intent on the part of the censors to
destroy any particular
people. While I certainly do not wish to underestimate the
disturbance this has caused the members of the gens Martiana, I cannot
ascribe to the censors any evil intent.

Roman law does not, however, care about intent. It cares only about
cause and effect. This effect (the destruction of the gens Martiana)
might very well have a direct cause (this censorial edict).


The censors and their staffs have worked very hard at this, and spent
innumerable hours working towards an extraordinary and highly
commendable goal; regardless of what I think is extremely hasty action
on his part, the tone taken with Martianus Ganglius has been, however,
rather short and dismissive, and not demonstrative of the respect due
to the paterfamilias of one of the oldest gentes in the res publica.
Claims of "expertise" do not in any way whatsoever lessen the personal
and emotional impact that this edict is obviously having.

Valete bene,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38348 From: Judy Ridgley Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: A Short Survey
----- Original Message -----
From: Q. Caecilius Metellus
To: nova-roma@yahoogroups.com ; religioromana@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, October 23, 2005 11:38 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] A Short Survey


Q. Metellus Pont. Quiritibus sal.

If you would be so kind as to indulge me by answering this survey, I'd
greatly appreciate it. Depending on the results, which I'll publish on
both the lists to which I'm sending this, something more might come of
this, but for now, I'd just like to gauge interest. If those of you who
wish to respond would be so kind as to send your responses to me at
metellus@..., I would be appreciative.

Valete,

Q. Caecilius Metellus
Pontifex

-----

1. Do you consider yourself a practitioner of the Religio Romana? No

2. Would you subscribe to a publication focused on the Religio Romana? Maybe

2.a. How much, in any currency, would you be willing to pay for such a
publication? Options?

2.b. With what frenquency would you like said publication to be issued?
Bi-Weekly, Monthly, Bi-monthly, Quarterly, Semi-Annually Monthly

3. Would you be willing to contribute to such a publication? If I could

3.a. How much and at what frequency? Once a year or as reqested

3.b. What, specifically, would you be willing to contribute? Probably not a lot. I'm new to NR

4. What features, in particular, would you like to see in such a
publication?
As a writer who wants honors and respects the Religio Romana, I would be interested in accurately as possible represent the gods and the sactums of the ceremonies. I know I am very ignorante of these and do NOT want to misrepresent the respect due.
I hope I have helped.
Iulia Galeria Casca




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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38349 From: raymond fuentes Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: NR Nation Or NR Club
If that law passes it will spell doom for the U S.
Every nationality and or culture will feel the need to
follow thier own codes & that is called anarchy!
--- Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com <marsvigilia@...>
wrote:
> On a side note. Has anyone been following the ethnic
Hawaiian sovereignty
> legislation. I am certainly no expert on this, but
apparently it would allow
> some form of trans-border sovereignty for anyone of
Hawaiian descent. They
> would be subject to their own law rather than the
laws of the state in which
> they happen to reside. Whether it passes or not the
idea has been seriously
> broached. Surely the applicability to this vis a vis
NR bears thought.
>
> --
> >|P. Dominus Antonius|<
> Tony Dah m
>
> Oderint dum metuant - Cicero
> Si vis pacem, para bellum - Vegetius
>
>
> On 10/18/05, Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus
<cn_corn_lent@...> wrote:
> >
> > Cn. Lentulus propraetor Q. Lanio quaestori
> > Quiritibusque SPD:
> >
> > Salve, Q. Lani Pauline quaestor!
> >
> > Thank you for this very important and interesting
> > issue. I personally cannot write long about (time
and
> > language barries), but feel to be important to
react
> > this:
> >
> >
> > >>>Here is an interesting point from this citizen
well
> > worth some
> > discussion. I must admit that I waver somewhat
between
> > the two
> > concepts of nationhood vs social club.<<<
> >
> >
> > EXACTLY! At the present situation of our Nova
Roma, we
> > can only think of somewhat similar, and you are a
wise
> > man and Roman patriot if you stand for the
national
> > evolution in this way.
> >
> >
> > >>>2) While getting people interested and sold on
the
> > idea of NR,
> > experience has taught me that if I tell them right
off
> > that NR is
> > Rome reborn and a soverign nation, many think that
we
> > are a group of
> > eccentrics like those villains (...)
> > ...More often than not when Nova Roma is
> > initially presented more like a club full of
people
> > who have a
> > passion for Rome (...)
> > ...then I find that their initial responses are
more
> > positive.<<<
> >
> >
> > The same experience is mine. We MUST consider this
> > when we promote ourselves. Though I am a devoted
> > "refounder" of Rome and with all my heart I make
> > efforts to live as a Roman, I try to not overdo
this
> > side of Nova Roma and to not deter those people of
> > sterling worth who want to join us simply because
of
> > their iterest in the ancient Rome.
> >
> >
> > >>>3) In conclusion I feel that on many occasions
that
> > we need to act
> > along the lines of a club or society until we grow
> > large enough in
> > both population and especially finances.<<<
> >
> >
> > YES, yes, yes: you sound as if I would say it.
This is
> > the only rational way if we want to resuscitate
Rome.
> > And the strongest emphasis on "especially in
> > finances"!
> >
> >
> > >>>Therefore, at least for
> > the time being we need to operate more like a club
or
=== Message Truncated ===


S P Q R

Fidelis Ad Mortem.

Marcvs Flavivs Fides
Roman Citizen





__________________________________
Yahoo! FareChase: Search multiple travel sites in one click.
http://farechase.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38350 From: Gregory Titus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: A Short Survey
--- "Q. Caecilius Metellus" <postumianus@...>
wrote:

> Q. Metellus Pont. Quiritibus sal.
>
> If you would be so kind as to indulge me by
> answering this survey, I'd
> greatly appreciate it. Depending on the results,
> which I'll publish on
> both the lists to which I'm sending this, something
> more might come of
> this, but for now, I'd just like to gauge interest.
> If those of you who
> wish to respond would be so kind as to send your
> responses to me at
> metellus@..., I would be appreciative.
>
> Valete,
>
> Q. Caecilius Metellus
> Pontifex
>
> -----
>
> 1. Do you consider yourself a practitioner of the
> Religio Romana? No
>
> 2. Would you subscribe to a publication focused on
> the Religio Romana? Yes
>
> 2.a. How much, in any currency, would you be willing
> to pay for such a
> publication? $15 or $20 a year
>
> 2.b. With what frenquency would you like said
> publication to be issued? Monthly
> Bi-Weekly, Monthly, Bi-monthly, Quarterly,
> Semi-Annually
>
> 3. Would you be willing to contribute to such a
> publication? Yes
>
> 3.a. How much and at what frequency? As much as I
can.
>
> 3.b. What, specifically, would you be willing to
> contribute? Cover Art, or help putting it together.
>
> 4. What features, in particular, would you like to
> see in such a
> publication? I'm not sure, maybe each mothe have
articals about each riligious celebrations the
observed each month. How the common folk and those of
upper class celebrated the religious festivle...How
were they the same and how were they different...I
guess
>
>





__________________________________
Yahoo! Mail - PC Magazine Editors' Choice 2005
http://mail.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38351 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salve Marce Martiani, et salvete quirites,

I regret that the members of gens Martiana find this edictum so terribly
upsetting. The problem, in their case, is a very simple one of a
misspelling. Historically the nomen was Martiania (or -annia, depending
on various sources). This problem can be solved by a very simple
correction to the spelling of the nomen genticulum. This is a matter of
Latin more than anything else.

I note that all those who currently bear the name Martiana/-ianus may
continue to do so. The edictum places no requirement upon them to
change. Indeed, as has already been noted, it would violate a law I
promulgated last year if the edictum attempted any such thing.

Vale, et valete,

-- Marinus

Thomas Gangale wrote:

> Salvete omnes,
>
> I hereby communicate the official position of the gens Martiana regarding
> the Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis, hereafter referred to as "the
> edictum."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38352 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: The religio survey
Salvete quirites,

When replying to Pontifex Metellus' survey, PLEASE reply by private
e-mail to the account he specified: metellus AT cinci DOT rr DOT com

Do not reply to the main Nova-Roma mailing list here.

Valete,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38353 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salve Quinte Fabi Maxime,

With respect, sir, I believe your message proceeds from a false
premise. When you examine the facts, it is clear that it is the Censors
who have gone off half-cocked.

The Censors have already barred an applicant from joining the gens
Martiana, and they have done so without bothering to first review the case
of our gens. Had they reviewed the case of the gens Martiana, they might
well have granted an exemption. This would have been a judicious course of
action. Regrettably, they have acted injudiciously and unjustly. They
have fired the first shot, and the gens Martiana has had no choice but to
respond in the interest of its self-preservation.

I also question the legality of the Censors' action in the specific case of
the gens Martiana, for they barred this application to our gens a full
month before they officially announced this edictum. Is Nova Roma now
governed by secret laws, or by laws anticipated but not yet promulgated?

In no society that is governed by the rule of law does a new law become
effective on the same day it is announced, whereas this practice is common
in totalitarian regimes. The reason is obvious. A future date of
effectivity allows for a legal challenge to be prepared and entered, in
which case the court holds the new law in abeyance while the case is
resolved, and no citizen is affected by the new law until its
constitutionality has been ascertained. In a totalitarian state, where
such legal recourse does not exist, so there is no reason for a new law not
to become effective on the same day it is announced.

Finally, the Censors have crafted their new edictum in contravention of the
principles of Roman jurisprudence, in that it is ex post facto in its
action. If there is a Smithus in Nova Roma who was accepted by past
Censors, then I speak in the defense of such a Smithus. The government of
Nova Roma is ethically bound to give full faith and credit the past acts of
its officers, and citizen Smithus is entitled his status in
perpetuity. The Censors are entitled to set new standards for future
citizenship applications; they are not are entitled to afflict citizens who
were accepted in good faith according to the laws then extant, and who have
committed no wrongs.

The gens Martiana judges this edictum unjust, and considers it nullus.

Optime vale,
Marcus Martianus Gangalius

At 12:05 AM 10/24/2005, Qfabiusmaxmi@... wrote:
>In a message dated 10/23/2005 6:55:32 PM Pacific Daylight Time, writes:
>I hereby communicate the official position of the gens Martiana regarding
>the Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis, hereafter referred to as "the
>
>
>Salve
>Marti for the Gods' sake.
>
>Before you go off half cocked, simply ask the Censors for an exemption,
>you have the nomen and it was approved by Nova Roma, both legally and
>religiously seven years
>ago. Its not like you have Smithus or something.
>If the Censors don't want to listen, contact the Tribunes. That's what
>they are there for
>to limit extreme excesses of magistratal power.
>
>Calm down.
>
>Bene Vale
>
>Fabius


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38354 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: EDICTVM CENSORIVM DE NOMINIBVS MVTANDIS (Joint Censorial Edict
Salve Gnae Corneli,

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus wrote:

> CENSORIBVS: K FABIO BVTEONI: CN EQVITIO MARINO:
> SALVTEM DICIT: CN CORNELIVS LENTVLVS:
>
>
> Esteemed Censors, I would like to ask some questions
> concerning to your edictum and add a little comment.
> At first, I have to say that it is a very useful
> edictum and sorely needed, too. Thank You for Your
> efforts on it!

You're quite welcome. Let me see what I can do to address your questions.

> ------------------------------------------------------
>
> Comment 1:
[...]
> Looking over the Album Gentium of NR I see such nomina
> which must't be in a serious, scholarly, competent
> Roman assocition.

I'm going to stop you right here. Whether you find those names
distasteful or not, the fact is that people asked for them in good
faith, and were given them in good faith by the censors at the time. I
can not break the law I myself promulgated last year by imposing an ex
post facto penalty, nor do I have any wish to offend those people who've
put their effort into Nova Roma. Better to teach and lead than to
demand and compel.


> Comment 2:
>
>
>>>>I. Praenomina...<<<
>
>
> I would like to ask that what is Your source
> concerning the use of Vibius/Vibia as praenomen?

I think this has been answered already, but if not I will get the
specific source of the name from the Latinists for you.

> I am
> interested because I have never heared a Roman with
> such a praenomen.

It's a very ancient usage. One of those cases where a praenomen later
became a nomen, as Iullus became Iulius.

> I would also interested in sources of female
> praenomens. According to my knowledges there are very
> rare examples for female praenomens and I don't
> understad why are women constrained to use praenomina
> in NR when it is in contempt of the Roman practice?

I see that this is already a separate discussion with M. Hortenaia, and
I shall leave it to her since she's done much of the research.

To answer your question about why we require women to have the
trianomina, the answer is because Nova Roma has the ahistoric policy of
equality between men and women. Women also didn't have cognomina in
antiquity, but they do have them here.


> Comment 3:

> I have written a letter to Tullia Scholastica about
> the same question. There are nomina ening with -anus,
> -enus, -a. I know from A. Apollonius Cordus' message
> that this problem is known by the censorial team: but
> I think that it would be useful to mention that in a
> censorial document so that everybody can be informed
> about these exceptional type of nomina.

I see that this has also been addressed in another reply to you. To
summarize, those nomina are from a time after the breakdown of the
Republic and its naming customs. Since Nova Roma is a resurgence of the
Roman republic, we're trying to bring back the naming practices that
existed then.

> Thank You, Censores amplissimi, for Your attention and
> patience regarding my enquiry!

You're most welcome. I hope you've found my answers helpful.

Vale,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38355 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salve Marce Martiani, et salvete quirites,

It seems that M. Martianus wants to make his private e-mail public. So
be it.

Thomas Gangale wrote:

[...]

> The Censors have already barred an applicant from joining the gens
> Martiana,

The Censors have prevented prospective citizens from joining any number
of gentes with ahistoric nomina. That is in keeping with earlier
established edicta and with existing leges.

> ... Regrettably, they have acted injudiciously and unjustly.

No, we have not. Though you, sir, have most certainly been injudicious.

> I also question the legality of the Censors' action in the specific case of
> the gens Martiana, for they barred this application to our gens a full
> month before they officially announced this edictum.

You seem to be confused. The edictum most recently promulgated applies
to current citizens who may wish to change their names. It does not
apply to prospective citizens. Prospective citizens were addressed in
earlier edicta.

> The gens Martiana judges this edictum unjust, and considers it nullus.

I remind you, Marce Martiani, that you may speak for those members of
your own familia who are alieni iuris, and for yourself. You have no
lawful right to represent anyone else. You are paterfamilias of the
familia Martiana Ganglia, and that is all you are paterfamilias of under
Nova Roman law.

Since you do not like the edictum, I suggest you either ask the Tribunes
to review it or seek an appeal under provocatio.

Vale, et valete quirites,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38356 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Saylor speaks on ROME!
Salve Romans

FYI

-----Original Message-----
From: Steven Saylor [mailto:steven@...]
Sent: Saturday, October 22, 2005 10:00 PM
To: undisclosed-recipients:
Subject: HBO, Rome, and Cleopatra


Dear Friend of Gordianus,

Since HBO began showing its new series ROME in the US, I've received a
great many e-mails from readers sharing their reactions to the show, and
asking about mine.

Until now, I haven't posted any comments about ROME at my site, although
I've been enjoying the series. But the latest episode, involving
Cleopatra, elicited such a strong reaction from me that I had to sound off.

The posted article begins:

"For the most part, HBO's ROME series has hewn admirably close to
history -- it's been so well-researched and cleverly constructed that
I've simply had nothing to say, except, 'Pass the popcorn and show me
the next one!' But everything came undone with episode #8, 'Caesarion,'
which introduced Cleopatra. Travesty is too kind a word for this misfire..."

If you'd like, you can read the rest of the piece at my site:

http://www.stevensaylor.com/<about:blank>

Meanwhile, I'm hard at work on the final chapters of my epic novel ROMA:
THE NOVEL OF ANCIENT ROME...and I'm about to sign a contract for the
next two Gordianus novels...so I'm staying very busy!

Hope all is well with you.

Regards,

Steven Saylor


"Impossible is a word humans use far too often."
-Seven of Nine, Star Trek Voyager





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38357 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salvete omnes,

I sometimes have problems understanding why citizens get their
shirts in such a knot and quit NR. This time it looks like a whole
family will pack it in and move on. There are always dispute
resolving mechanisms in NR and it is never over until its over. As I
said to another citizen yesterday, if Rome survived Cannae, the
Teutoburg Wald, Catalline Conspiracy and all yet came out of it all
smelling like a Rose, NR will do likewise whenever she loses
citizens or an entire family for that matter. Several months ago one
of the gens from Gallia (France) left in a huff yet we are still
here and continuing on. I have heard nothing more from their new
revived Rome they promised to this point.

I might add that perhaps we should reflect and look to some of our
senior founding citizens who have had some awful clashes or
differences with one another in the 3 years I've been here. Many are
still here, may take a breather or time off here and there but they
are Stoic enough to stay and continue on weathering the storms just
the same.

Regards,

Quintus Lanius Paulinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38358 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salvete Quirites,

Notice how those who can muster no logical refutation of the gens
Martiana's position resort to thinly-veiled ad hominem remarks, implying
some sort of hysteria on my part, and even on the part of the entire gens:

Quintus Fabius Maximus: "Before you go off half cocked.... Calm down."
Marca Hortensia Maior: "What a tempest in a teapot."
Aula Tullia Scholastica: "Maturity and a true desire for Romanitas (and
Latinitas) will lead the true Romans among us to accept, even welcome, such
changes.... Most of us scholars don¹t do well with emotional reactions to
simple factual material."
Gnaeus Equitius Marinus: "Members of gens Martiana find this edictum so
terribly upsetting."

This tactic is not only deliberately demeaning, it intentionally obfuscates
the issue. Furthermore, it ignores the fact that this edictum was
discussed at length within the gens Martiana, and that I have communicated
the considered judgment of the gens rather than merely expressing my own views.

The remarks of A. Tullia Scholastica are particularly troubling, not
because she implies that I am immature (I am 51 years old) nor because she
insinuates that I am not a scholar (I have published/presented in
peer-reviewed journals/venues on astronautics, astronomy, political
science, sociology, astrodynamics, planetary science, air and space law,
and international relations). It is neither my purpose to inquire as to
the age of A. Tullia Scholastica, nor to inquire as to her scholarly
credentials. Rather, I wish to address her assertion regarding "a true
desire for Romanitas" and "true Romans." This exhortation has no more
foundation, whether logical or ethical, than appeals to "true Aryans" to
support the genocidal policies of the Fuerher, or to "true Americans" to
support the imperialist and plutocratic policies of George W. Bush. The
gens Martiana rejects this mentality. Rather, we argue that it is the duty
of "true Americans" to exercise their right of dissent, and history
suggests that had "true Germans" done the same, a world war would have been
averted and 30 million lives would have been spared. In the same vein, the
gens Martiana asserts its duty to oppose injustice. We are Roman because we
dissent. We further argue that Romanitas rests on the foundation of
justice. Every people has a language, a culture, a history, but justice is
the sine qua non of Romanitas. Absent this, none of the rest matters a
damn. To be unjust is to be un-Roman, and this edictum is exactly that.

Mars nos protegis!
Marcus Martianus Gangalius


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38359 From: Sensei Phil Perez Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salve Quintus Lanius Paulinus,

I too almost left NR recently. I was infuriated at being censured for a posting that I still feel was a legitimate one. It took conversations with friends who are not part of NR as well as the Centurio of Legio III to put it all into perspective for me. Nova Roma is an idea, a 'grand idea', but it is still just an idea, it is not real. It is not a state, an empire, a country, a city or even a little village. It is just an idea, it is not real, at least not yet, and may never be. Why do many of its members act like if a rule is broken the culprit should be thrown off the Tarpeian rock? It is pretty silly when you truly think about it. NR is NOT real. It exists only in our minds and in software memory that's all!!!

I got caught up in this grand idea pretty badly, even going as far as offering my services to legally marry NR citizens in the State of Maine in a Roman ceremony. It was my silly attempt to bring NR into the "real" world. This idea was quickly shot down by another 'citizen' who 'authoritatively' informed me that wedding ceremonies in Rome didn't need any kind of legal or religious magistrate to officiate it. Well, that may have been true in ancient Rome but try it here in the U.S. and try to pass it off as a 'real' marriage and you will find yourselves in a 'real' Court of Law, and I'm not talking about divorce court.

So there you have it, even when someone sincerely tries to legitimately bring NR into the 'real' world, its own citizens shoot the attempt down. This emphatically shows that NR is meant to stay where it is, an idea that lives in the minds of its members and in cyberspace and that's it. At least there it cannot actually hurt anyone other than just making some 'citizens' angry enough to leave it ;-) Re-enactment events are 'real' but they cannot be confused with any real resurgence of Rome, it is just play acting. Yes, they are a hell of a lot of fun for their participants as well as the general public audience, but that's all, just fun.

Is there anyone out there willing to quit there 'day' job and move to an obscure part of the globe to start a real 'Roman' community? I don't think so! In this respect, the Pilgrims, Quakers, and Mormons were a hell of a lot more sincere in their beliefs. They actually put them into practice 'for real' and moved away from the 'real' societies of their age to live the way they chose to according to their deeply held beliefs. Again I ask this...Is there anyone out there willing to do this?

This grand idea has indeed attracted quite a few followers. I would like to interview its founders, Marcus Cassius Iulianus and his wife about what prompted this idea in the first place. I think they are probably dumbfounded and simply amazed that this idea has grown to incorporate so many followers. It is truly amazing, and it may one day indeed lead to a real resurgence of Rome. For now though, it is still just a wonderful idea that is becoming more popular by the day. So please everyone, get a grip or get some professional help.

Vires et honos,
Marcus Cassius Philippus


----- Original Message -----
From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly)
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, October 24, 2005 2:18 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis


Salvete omnes,

I sometimes have problems understanding why citizens get their
shirts in such a knot and quit NR. This time it looks like a whole
family will pack it in and move on. There are always dispute
resolving mechanisms in NR and it is never over until its over. As I
said to another citizen yesterday, if Rome survived Cannae, the
Teutoburg Wald, Catalline Conspiracy and all yet came out of it all
smelling like a Rose, NR will do likewise whenever she loses
citizens or an entire family for that matter. Several months ago one
of the gens from Gallia (France) left in a huff yet we are still
here and continuing on. I have heard nothing more from their new
revived Rome they promised to this point.

I might add that perhaps we should reflect and look to some of our
senior founding citizens who have had some awful clashes or
differences with one another in the 3 years I've been here. Many are
still here, may take a breather or time off here and there but they
are Stoic enough to stay and continue on weathering the storms just
the same.

Regards,

Quintus Lanius Paulinus





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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38360 From: David Kling Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
C. Fabius Buteo Modianus Marco Martiano Gangalio Salutem dicit
Are you responding to a private message sent to you? It appears to me --
please correct me if I am wrong -- that Q. Fabius Maximus sent you a private
message that you are responding to in a public forum. This is truly
disappointing. If, in fact, this is the case I have less respect for your
cause.
Your use of harsh language towards the Censors is simply not necessary.
These edicts are designed to make Nova Roma more in line with Roman
tradition, and custom. What they are doing is being pro-active and trying to
commit to the future of Nova Roma. Your attack of their work is unethical.
If you disagree, then offer a solution. But you attack the Censors and issue
talk of genocide, and unlawfulness.
If you, and your gens want to leave Nova Roma then do so. Acknowledge to
yourself that you do not want to be involved anymore. But please do not go
looking for reasons to leave, and pointing fingers at people. There is no
reason for your attacks on the Censors and their staffs.
C. Fabius Buteo Modianus

On 10/24/05, Thomas Gangale <marcus@...> wrote:
>
> Salve Quinte Fabi Maxime,
>
> With respect, sir, I believe your message proceeds from a false
> premise. When you examine the facts, it is clear that it is the Censors
> who have gone off half-cocked.
>
> The Censors have already barred an applicant from joining the gens
> Martiana, and they have done so without bothering to first review the case
> of our gens. Had they reviewed the case of the gens Martiana, they might
> well have granted an exemption. This would have been a judicious course of
> action. Regrettably, they have acted injudiciously and unjustly. They
> have fired the first shot, and the gens Martiana has had no choice but to
> respond in the interest of its self-preservation.
>
> I also question the legality of the Censors' action in the specific case
> of
> the gens Martiana, for they barred this application to our gens a full
> month before they officially announced this edictum. Is Nova Roma now
> governed by secret laws, or by laws anticipated but not yet promulgated?
>
> In no society that is governed by the rule of law does a new law become
> effective on the same day it is announced, whereas this practice is common
> in totalitarian regimes. The reason is obvious. A future date of
> effectivity allows for a legal challenge to be prepared and entered, in
> which case the court holds the new law in abeyance while the case is
> resolved, and no citizen is affected by the new law until its
> constitutionality has been ascertained. In a totalitarian state, where
> such legal recourse does not exist, so there is no reason for a new law
> not
> to become effective on the same day it is announced.
>
> Finally, the Censors have crafted their new edictum in contravention of
> the
> principles of Roman jurisprudence, in that it is ex post facto in its
> action. If there is a Smithus in Nova Roma who was accepted by past
> Censors, then I speak in the defense of such a Smithus. The government of
> Nova Roma is ethically bound to give full faith and credit the past acts
> of
> its officers, and citizen Smithus is entitled his status in
> perpetuity. The Censors are entitled to set new standards for future
> citizenship applications; they are not are entitled to afflict citizens
> who
> were accepted in good faith according to the laws then extant, and who
> have
> committed no wrongs.
>
> The gens Martiana judges this edictum unjust, and considers it nullus.
>
> Optime vale,
> Marcus Martianus Gangalius
>
> At 12:05 AM 10/24/2005, Qfabiusmaxmi@... wrote:
> >In a message dated 10/23/2005 6:55:32 PM Pacific Daylight Time, writes:
> >I hereby communicate the official position of the gens Martiana regarding
> >the Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis, hereafter referred to as
> "the
> >
> >
> >Salve
> >Marti for the Gods' sake.
> >
> >Before you go off half cocked, simply ask the Censors for an exemption,
> >you have the nomen and it was approved by Nova Roma, both legally and
> >religiously seven years
> >ago. Its not like you have Smithus or something.
> >If the Censors don't want to listen, contact the Tribunes. That's what
> >they are there for
> >to limit extreme excesses of magistratal power.
> >
> >Calm down.
> >
> >Bene Vale
> >
> >Fabius
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38361 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salve Marce Martiani, et salvete omnes,

M. Martianus wrote:
[...]
> Notice how those who can muster no logical refutation of the gens
> Martiana's position resort to thinly-veiled ad hominem remarks, implying
> some sort of hysteria on my part, and even on the part of the entire gens:
[...]
> Gnaeus Equitius Marinus: "Members of gens Martiana find this edictum so
> terribly upsetting."

Perhaps I was not sufficiently clear in my writing, but I said that I
regret that the members of the gens Martiana find the edictum so
terribly upsetting. Those words were not intended as an attack upon
anyone, but rather as recognition that people are upset.

If the Martiani are not upset about this, I'm quite relieved to know
that. But it seems to me from the overall tone of the conversation that
the Martiani are being represented as displeased. It certainly seems
that *something* is wrong when my words intended as kindness get
interpreted as an ad hominem attack.

My logical refutation to the position espoused by M. Martianus is simply
this: The name 'Martianus' is not grammatically proper for a Latin
nomen genticulum. It could be a cognomen meaning "adopted from the
Marti" but it is not a nomen.

The proper form of a nomen genticulum created from the root name
'Martian' is 'Martiania.' The proper form of a nomen genticulum created
from the root 'Mart' (or Mars) is 'Martia', though I'll hasten to point
out that the adjectival form 'Martiania' would be the more correct of
the two. Nomina formed directly from the names of Gods ought not to be
encouraged, and I would advise against them.

I invite all sui iuris Martiani who would like to clear up this
unfortunate situation to write to the censors asking that we change the
*spelling* of their nomen to incorporate the -ius or -ia ending.

Vale, et valete,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38362 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Sensei Phil Perez"
<senseiphil@n...> wrote:

Salve Marce Cassi Philippe,


> Salve Quintus Lanius Paulinus,
>
> I too almost left NR recently. I was infuriated at being censured
for a posting that I still feel was a legitimate one. It took
conversations with friends who are not part of NR as well as the
Centurio of Legio III to put it all into perspective for me. Nova
Roma is an idea, a 'grand idea', but it is still just an idea, it is
not real. It is not a state, an empire, a country, a city or even a
little village. It is just an idea, it is not real, at least not
yet, and may never be. Why do many of its members act like if a rule
is broken the culprit should be thrown off the Tarpeian rock? It is
pretty silly when you truly think about it. NR is NOT real. It
exists only in our minds and in software memory that's all!!!

QLP -Thank you for your reply and you brought up some interesting
points.
This internet communication is s relatively new medium and we could
not have got started without it as QFM pointed out on one of his
posts recently. We all have to start from somewhere and don't forget
that nation building can be a slow process that sometimes takes
centuries. Even pretending the mythology is real, how long did it
take Republican Rome to fire up and be an entity after they took off
from Troy? Rome wasn't built in a day but with modern day high tech
and communication


>
> I got caught up in this grand idea pretty badly, even going as far
as offering my services to legally marry NR citizens in the State of
Maine in a Roman ceremony. It was my silly attempt to bring NR into
the "real" world. This idea was quickly shot down by
another 'citizen' who 'authoritatively' informed me that wedding
ceremonies in Rome didn't need any kind of legal or religious
magistrate to officiate it. Well, that may have been true in ancient
Rome but try it here in the U.S. and try to pass it off as a 'real'
marriage and you will find yourselves in a 'real' Court of Law, and
I'm not talking about divorce court.
>
QLP - Well you never know how things will change in the near future.
I'll check out some sites on Ancient Roman ceremonies and get back
to the list on that. Meanwhile in Canada, I never thought in a
million years that I would live to see same sex marriages legalized
either. They are a reality now so I'll wager in North America that
things out of the norm will soon become realities. This may not be a
great analogy but I think you'll see my drift.

> So there you have it, even when someone sincerely tries to
legitimately bring NR into the 'real' world, its own citizens shoot
the attempt down. This emphatically shows that NR is meant to stay
where it is, an idea that lives in the minds of its members and in
cyberspace and that's it. At least there it cannot actually hurt
anyone other than just making some 'citizens' angry enough to leave
it ;-) Re-enactment events are 'real' but they cannot be confused
with any real resurgence of Rome, it is just play acting. Yes, they
are a hell of a lot of fun for their participants as well as the
general public audience, but that's all, just fun.
>
QLP - Well in some ways we are trying to break free and do things.
With my field work, I cannot stay in town and take classes but here
we can via the net. Our Latin class is one example and there have
been other courses from Roman philosophy to history. Soon when we go
out to talk to new recruits or academics we can give a better
impression of ourselves. I did mention the other day that in my
opinion we have to get going like a club or social society and grow
from there.

Also 150 years ago all of the world was uniting from Russia to
Italy, Germany, Canada etc. Today the trend is to do your own
cultural thing and split up. In Canada we have Quebec nationalism
and now you have Hawii. Under the breaking up of countries things
more often than not have turned very ugly so as time goes on we have
to tread carefully and build some sort of city-state like situation
without making huge waves or wrong impressions.


> Is there anyone out there willing to quit there 'day' job and move
to an obscure part of the globe to start a real 'Roman' community? I
don't think so! In this respect, the Pilgrims, Quakers, and Mormons
were a hell of a lot more sincere in their beliefs. They actually
put them into practice 'for real' and moved away from the 'real'
societies of their age to live the way they chose to according to
their deeply held beliefs. Again I ask this...Is there anyone out
there willing to do this?
>

QLP - There would be those who would go so long as there was work,
shelter and the ability to feed your family. Some upper middle class
Jewish folk quit their high comfortable paying jobs in corporate USA
or Canada and move to the settlements in Israel for example. In
spite of the dangers they go but again their skills and saved money
give them a precarious but good lifestyle. Others leaving with
nothing or refugees don't seem to fare as well. In short, if NR got
a town like Pompeii or Leptis Magna, was able to rebuild it like Ft.
Louisburg in Nova Scotia, Vinolandia in England, make money with a
seasonal tourist trade etc then I would certainly go. On the other
hand if it is built and set up like that imfamous Jones Town or
those paramilitary camps in the US then I'd forget about going.The
groups you mentioned above had guns or swords poking their rear ends
so anything was better than their homes of origin


> This grand idea has indeed attracted quite a few followers. I
would like to interview its founders, Marcus Cassius Iulianus and
his wife about what prompted this idea in the first place. I think
they are probably dumbfounded and simply amazed that this idea has
grown to incorporate so many followers. It is truly amazing, and it
may one day indeed lead to a real resurgence of Rome. For now
though, it is still just a wonderful idea that is becoming more
popular by the day. So please everyone, get a grip or get some
professional help.
>

QLP - Agreed!


> Vires et honos,
> Quintus Lanius Paulinus
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly)
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> Sent: Monday, October 24, 2005 2:18 PM
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium
de Nominibus Mutandis
>
>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> I sometimes have problems understanding why citizens get their
> shirts in such a knot and quit NR. This time it looks like a
whole
> family will pack it in and move on. There are always dispute
> resolving mechanisms in NR and it is never over until its over.
As I
> said to another citizen yesterday, if Rome survived Cannae, the
> Teutoburg Wald, Catalline Conspiracy and all yet came out of it
all
> smelling like a Rose, NR will do likewise whenever she loses
> citizens or an entire family for that matter. Several months ago
one
> of the gens from Gallia (France) left in a huff yet we are still
> here and continuing on. I have heard nothing more from their
new
> revived Rome they promised to this point.
>
> I might add that perhaps we should reflect and look to some of
our
> senior founding citizens who have had some awful clashes or
> differences with one another in the 3 years I've been here. Many
are
> still here, may take a breather or time off here and there but
they
> are Stoic enough to stay and continue on weathering the storms
just
> the same.
>
> Regards,
>
> Quintus Lanius Paulinus
>
>
>
>
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------
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> a.. Visit your group "Nova-Roma" on the web.
>
> b.. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
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>
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>
>
>
>
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-----------
>
>
> No virus found in this incoming message.
> Checked by AVG Free Edition.
> Version: 7.1.361 / Virus Database: 267.12.5/147 - Release Date:
10/24/2005
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38363 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salvete omnes,

A typo error to correct on previous post:

Rome wasn't built in a day but with modern day high tech
and communication things for NR could move along much faster.


QLP
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38364 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws
> A. Tullia Scholastica G. Equitio Catoni amico quiritibus, sociis,
> peregrinisque omnibus S.P.D.
>
>
> G. Equitius Cato M. Martiano Gangalio Ti. Galerio Paulino M.
> Hortensiae Maori quiritibusque S.P.D.
>
> Salvete omnes.
>
> The key ingredient here is the wording of this section:
>
> "3. a. No one shall suffer a penalty for an action which was not
> subject to a penalty when the action was performed. If an action was
> subject to a penalty when the action was performed but is no longer
> subject to any penalty, no penalty shall be applied for that action."
> - LEX EQVITIA GALERIA DE LEGIBVS EX POST FACTIS (passed non. Oct. 2757
> A.U.C.)
>
> In non-legalese, no-one gets punished for doing "X" if it wasn't
> punishable before any particular law regarding "X" was passed.
>
> The question then becomes "does the Edict concerning the correction of
> names impose a penalty upon the members of the gens Martiana?"
>
>
> First, let me look at the edict itself:
>
> "II.a. All men's nomina should end in -ius or -aeus; women's in '-ia'
> or 'aea.' The -ius/-ia ending is by far more common in the
> historical record.
>
> All nomina that end in -ius/-a or -aeus/aea in Nova Roma can be
> chosen by any prospective citizen at the application stage when
> joining Nova Roma." - EDICTVM CENSORIVM DE NOMINIBVS MVTANDIS (issued
> a.d. XII Kal. Nov. 2758 A.U.C.)
>
> Now, I would argue that, as published, the edict has no claim on the
> gens Martiana. Why? Because, by either oversight, clerical error, or
> some other mechanism, the second paragraph of this portion of the
> edict states that "all nomina that end in ius/a...can be chosen".
>
> ATS: Cato, amice, this is one of the standard methods of writing Latin
> terminations; it presupposes that the terminations will be ­ius for males, and
> ­ia for females; there is no need for the neuter in regard to nomina, though
> we have had prospective citizens asking for various names in the neuter
> gender‹a violation of the Lex Cornelia et Maria de Mutandis Nominibus, as are
> certain other matters, such as names inappropriate for one¹s gender, names
> incapable of Latin declension, and agnomina of distinction, inter alia. The
> word Œgens¹ is feminine in Latin, so it must be modified by a feminine
> adjective; the names of all gentes must therefore be feminine adjectives.
> Those of male members of a given gens, of course, must then be masculine
> adjectives.
>
> Since the gens name "Martiana" ends in "a", the edict allows it. In
> order to change it, the censors must issue another official edict
> correcting what may be a simple clerical mistake. For the time being
> it has, however, been published officially and stands as is.
>
> ATS: There¹s no need to change this for existing members of this (or any
> other) gens, though they are ENCOURAGED to do so. Moreover, in this case, a
> simple spelling change will take care of any problem. Why anyone would
> contend with correct spelling is beyond me, but then there may be those who
> quibble with first-grade arithmetic, and such hot topics as one plus one
> equals two, two plus two equals four...and Roman gentile names of the
> Republican period end in ­ius for men, -ia for women, or ­aeus for men, and
> ­aea for women. I note that Proconsul Gnaeus Salvius Astur changed his nomen
> from ŒSalix,¹ which is a feminine noun meaning Œwillow tree,¹ to ŒSalvius,¹
> though a simple spelling change to ŒSalicius¹ (feminine, Salicia) would have
> rendered his previous nomen morphologically correct; he chose to take the name
> of a historic gens when he learned more Latin. Several citizens have asked
> about the correctness of their names; today a citizen who is of quite mature
> years asked about the correctness of her name, and received a response on this
> issue.
>
>
> Now it is true that the third paragraph says that
>
> "All nomina that do not end in -ius/-ia or -aeus/-aea CANNOT be chosen
> [my emphasis]"
>
> but this merely makes the edict self-contradictory. A prospective
> citizen wishing to join the gens Martiana need only point to the
> second paragraph; this edict simply creates another of Nova Roma's
> endlessly circling legal battles unless and until it is corrected.
>
> ATS: There¹s no real contradiction here.
>
>
> In addition, the first paragraph says that all men's nomina "should"
> end in "-ius or aeus", but not that they *must* do so; the existence
> of endings besides those encouraged by the edict is attested to in the
> second paragraph of the edict itself when it states that these endings
> are "more common" --- in generally understood English, something can
> only be "more common" if there exist *other* versions of that thing
> which are "less common".
>
> ATS: The ­aeus/-aea ending is less common than the ­ius/-ia one, and as
> Auitus has pointed out, derives from an earlier variant which did, in fact,
> end in ­ius/-ia.
>
> So. The edict itself is a bit of a mess. Easily corrected, but until
> the necessary corrections have been made, it cannot be used to support
> the removal of any nominae.
>
> ATS: nomina...and I disagree on that point.
>
>
> Now, to the question of penalizing the gens Martiana (or, in fact, any
> gens with a nomina that falls into a contested area). If the censors
> refuse to allow any prospective citizen to choose the name Martiana,
> then they are, in fact, commiting a specific act. A prospective
> citizen is asking for something and the censors are secifically
> responding in an official capacity to that request.
>
> Does this penalize the gens Martiana? The paterfamilas projects into
> the future, seeing the eventual extinction of the gens as no new
> members would be allowed to join and so keep its numbers either at
> current levels or expand. I assume he is not counting on any of the
> current members reproducing fast enough to create new citizens on a
> scale large enough to keep the numbers at least static. This same
> scenario would apply to the gens Constantinus, of which the tribune
> Fuscus is paterfamilias --- unless he changes his gens name to
> "Constantinius", it will fall into a worse situation as there is no
> error in the edict which would technically allow "-us" endings.
>
> Yes, I believe that this can easily be perceived as a penalty, and a
> violation of the lex Equitia Galeria regarding ex post facto
> punishment, though not the "genocide" that Martianus Ganglius
> portrays, as there is no inherent intent on the part of the censors to
> destroy any particular
> people. While I certainly do not wish to underestimate the
> disturbance this has caused the members of the gens Martiana, I cannot
> ascribe to the censors any evil intent.
>
> Roman law does not, however, care about intent. It cares only about
> cause and effect. This effect (the destruction of the gens Martiana)
> might very well have a direct cause (this censorial edict).
>
> ATS: At worst, the effect of this edictum will be to change the spelling
> of the name of this gens, and of its members. Buchstabierungwechsel.
>
>
> The censors and their staffs have worked very hard at this, and spent
> innumerable hours working towards an extraordinary and highly
> commendable goal; regardless of what I think is extremely hasty action
> on his part, the tone taken with Martianus Ganglius has been, however,
> rather short and dismissive, and not demonstrative of the respect due
> to the paterfamilias of one of the oldest gentes in the res publica.
> Claims of "expertise" do not in any way whatsoever lessen the personal
> and emotional impact that this edict is obviously having.
>
>
> ATS: Adults (human ones, anyway) control their emotions under normal
> circumstances, though illness or the like may make this difficult. Nova Roma
> is the laughingstock of anyone who knows Latin and reads the Album Civium, or
> the Album Gentium, and sees impossible names there as being those of Roman
> citizens, for there are many highly competent Latinists in this world, some of
> whom do look at our website‹and howl. Even the others who inspect these
> lists, but aren¹t Latinists, can certainly get a good laugh out of some of the
> names. Some here truly want to have names that are more correct. Provision
> has been made for those who prefer to retain their existing names; moreover,
> in many cases, only a minor adjustment will rectify the morphology of these
> nomina. If someone misspells ŒCaesar¹ as ŒCaersar¹ or what have you, why
> should he or she be unwilling to correct this error? If it¹s wrong, it gets
> corrected.
>
> M. Martianus has not been terribly respectful of the censores, who are
> elected magistrates, and highly educated men into the bargain, nor of their
> staffs, which are composed of highly educated people, some of whom have done
> extensive research into the field of Roman nomenclature‹and, I would point
> out, intelligence, education, and learning carry authority independent of any
> other factors. In the person of Auitus alone we have a highly respected,
> world-class Latinist who is writing a book in Latin on the development of
> Latin vocabulary and teaching three or four courses at the Academia on top of
> his own macro workload, and while the rest of us cannot lay claim to such
> honors, none of us is either dull or uneducated; probably all of us have
> graduate degrees.
>
> Valete bene,
>
> Cato
>
> Vale, et valete, bene.
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>


>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38365 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
G. Equitius Cato Gn. Equitio Marino C. Fabio Buteoni Quintiliano
Censores quiritibusque S.P.D.

Salvete Censores et salvete omnes.

Censor Marinus, I repeat my steadfast support of the driving rationale
behind the edict which you and the honorable Censor Quintilianus have
promulgated. I also repeat my admiration for he enormous amount of
work that you both, with your individual cohors and scribae, have done
in preparation for it. I also repeat my strong belief that the edict
and its attendant issues are meant as a large step towards our more
closely resembling our ancient forebears, and have been made with the
utmost care and consideration towards its impact upon our citizens. I
note that Censor Quintilianus himself underwent a change to his name
specifically to bring it into line with Roman practice.



I urge you to issue a correction to the edict based on the grammatical
error I pointed out earlier, bringing its disparate parts into unity
and cohesion with each other, to whit:

"II.a. All men's nomina should end in -ius or -aeus; women's in '-ia'
or 'aea.' The -ius/-ia ending is by far more common in the
historical record.

All nomina that end in -ius/-a or -aeus/aea in Nova Roma can be
chosen by any prospective citizen at the application stage when
joining Nova Roma." - EDICTVM CENSORIVM DE NOMINIBVS MVTANDIS (issued
a.d. XII Kal. Nov. 2758 A.U.C.)

1. The "-ius/a" needs to read "-ius/-ia";

2. if you are going to make it *necessary* to end a man's nomen with
"-ius" or "aeus", the wording needs to reflect this, rather than the
elastic "should";

3. no mention of the level of commonality regarding the female nomina
is given, and it might be better to simply drop that line completely,
as it opens up an area of discussion which again undermines what I
believe is your desire to *require* all male and female nomina to have
the prescribed endings.



To allow the inference that the Martianae should simply leave because
they are angered by what they see as an encroachment upon their
self-identification (one which was, for better or worse, endorsed by
the magistrates of the day) unanswered is unworthy of anyone holding a
magistracy or religious office in the Republic. Those who suggest
such action should be ashamed.

Yes, I think that Martianus Gangalius has reacted in a somewhat
extreme way; does this mean he and the rest of his gens should be
summarily dismissed? Absolutely not.

I know that it seems silly to some, the equivalent of a "tempest in a
teapot", all over a single letter: Martiana vs. Martiania. But I
remind all of our quirites that once the very fate of Christianity
(for better or worse, depending) hung on a single letter as well:
homousios vs. homoiusios.


I am pretty sure that my suggestions are going to be perceived by many
as unnecessary meddling in an act which doesn't concern me (my own
name is pretty generically Roman), but I have never disguised my
obsession with the legal system of the res publica. I do not apologize.

Valete bene,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38366 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salve Cato,

gaiusequitiuscato <mlcinnyc@...> writes:

> I urge you to issue a correction to the edict based on the grammatical
> error I pointed out earlier,

Cato, amice, this edictum is simply a vehicle for an enabling process. It is
utterly non-compulsory. It doesn't require anybody to do anything. Since
there's nothing compulsory about it, I don't see any need to re-issue it over
a point which is purely a quibble.

[...]
> 3. no mention of the level of commonality regarding the female nomina
> is given, and it might be better to simply drop that line completely,
> as it opens up an area of discussion which again undermines what I
> believe is your desire to *require* all male and female nomina to have
> the prescribed endings.

No, it is not our intention to require any changes in the nomina of existing
citizens. This edictum addresses the names of current citizens. While the
edictum does provide an enabling process by which current citizens *MAY*
elect to change their names to more historically correct names, it requires
nothing. Nor would a law requiring people to change their nomina be
constitutional.

> To allow the inference that the Martianae should simply leave because
> they are angered by what they see as an encroachment upon their
> self-identification (one which was, for better or worse, endorsed by
> the magistrates of the day) unanswered is unworthy of anyone holding a
> magistracy or religious office in the Republic. Those who suggest
> such action should be ashamed.

Well, we happen to be in agreement. Any suggestion that people who are upset
ought to simply leave is counter to the spirit of inclusiveness that I've
been trying to foster for five years now.

[...]
> I am pretty sure that my suggestions are going to be perceived by many
> as unnecessary meddling

Since you mention it....

Vale, et valete quirites,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38367 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws
G. Equitius Cato F. Tulliae Scholasticae S.P.D.

Salve Tullia Scholastica.

You wrote:

"M. Martianus has not been terribly respectful of the censores, who
are elected magistrates, and highly educated men into the bargain, nor
of their staffs, which are composed of highly educated people, some of
whom have done extensive research into the field of Roman
nomenclature‹and, I would point out, intelligence, education, and
learning carry authority independent of any other factors. In the
person of Auitus alone we have a highly respected, world-class
Latinist who is writing a book in Latin on the development of Latin
vocabulary and teaching three or four courses at the Academia on top
of his own macro workload, and while the rest of us cannot lay claim
to such honors, none of us is either dull or uneducated; probably all
of us have graduate degrees."

I have already expressed my complete admiration for the hard work that
all of those involved have done; I have never questioned their
intelligence or dedication. This is, however, an argumentum ad
verecundiam: just because a number of very smart people believe
something to be correct does not make it right, and using their
credentials as a hammer is extremely unattractive. Again, it is not
the level of intelligence that has ever been questioned. Merely the
way it is being used. It is more important to guage and respect the
impact upon the citizenry at large than to sit in a scholar's chair
and pronounce absolutes.

If the Martianae feel offended by a demand to renounce their name, and
several subsequent utterances show an amazing lack of sympathy,
understanding, or willingness to at least appear empathetic, are you
surprised by the hostility engendered?


You also wrote:

"Adults (human ones, anyway) control their emotions under normal
circumstances, though illness or the like may make this difficult."

Here, with the clicking of a keyboard, you demean the entire body of
citizens within the gens Martiana who disagree with this edict --- who
apparently are not adults, not human, or ill. It is precisely this
kind of arrogance which fuels the anger you then turn on to deride.



You then write:

"Nova Roma is the laughingstock of anyone who knows Latin and reads
the Album Civium, or the Album Gentium, and sees impossible names
there as being those of Roman citizens, for there are many highly
competent Latinists in this world, some of whom do look at our website
and howl."

Let them howl, Scholastica. If they saw us in a New York restaurant
togate (and pullate --- is that a word?) they might also howl. If
they heard us debating the legal issues raised by our unhistoric
written Constitution, they might howl. If they saw the depth and
eagerness of discussion regarding the creation of a new sestertius,
they might howl. Political scientists would howl at female
magistrates and senators --- how unRoman! We could, if necessary,
provide any number of people (and very intelligent ones at that) with
any number of reasons to ridicule us. We are NOVA Romans, not ancient
ones; any steps closer to the ancients are important, but not at the
expense of the alienation of the citizens.

Vale bene,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38368 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
G. Equitius Cato Gn. Equitio Marino S.P.D.

Salve Censor.

I understand what you're trying to do, and I respect it. The question
involves the *future* citizens of the Republic; they will be unable to
join the gens Martiana, and I cannot find a flaw in the argument of
diminishing numbers which Martianus Gangalius has put before you. It
does seem as if that gens is to be allowed to gradually dissolve. I'd
be upset if the Equitia were going to drop off, and I do not blame the
Martianae for being angry.

I also understand your reluctance to issue correction, but...


"Since you mention it...."

Well, whattaya gonna do? I can't help it. Maybe it's genetic. Maybe
it's from being a New Yorker. I dunno.

Vale bene,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38369 From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: A Short Survey-Response From Aurelianus
F. Galerius Aurelianus Q. Caecilio Metello. S.P.D.

1. Yes, I consider myself to be a practitioner of the Religio Romana (along
with other faiths that do not exclude the Religio).

2. Yes, I would be willing to subscribe to such a publication in either
e-format or hard copy.

2a. Six dollars per year for e-format/twelve dollars per year hard copy.

2b. Quarterly.

3. Yes.

3b. Rites that I have written and/or offered; reviews of books I have read;
tidbits of information related to the Religio found in various journals.

4. A quarterly calendar of fasti and who is going to (or should) officiate at
each one; calendar of pagan festivals where classes on the Religio or rites
are going to be performed; pan-religious articles that are syncretic to the
Religio such as Celtic, Egyptian, and Greek.; songs & poems both original and new
about Dii Immortales; articles, columns, and editorials offered by each
flamen, pontiff, augur, and other members of the Sacred Colleges on their cults;
book reviews; the latest information from other magazines & journals pertaining
to the Religio; a section from Scholastica on the correct Latin grammar to be
used in rites, prayers, and other functions.

Valete.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38370 From: Sensei Phil Perez Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Nova Roma as an actual place to live
Salve Quinte Lanii Pauline,

I agree with you about Nova Roma. I just don't see it happening in our lifetime, and the gods help any that do decide to move to such a place if it were soon established. They'd be at each other's throats in a matter of weeks. They can't get along right now as it is and that's just using a keyboard to attack with. One point that we both made which is quite interesting: It is religion more than anything else that gets multitudes of people to leave everything and move into unknown areas. In this respect (Nova?) Roma as an entity in itself seems to be almost subconciously aware of this and that it is the way it will return to our 'real' world. It was the loss of its religion that spelled its downfall. Now, ironically it will most likely be the resurgence of it that gives it the best chance at returning. It is also the only way that its members will be able to keep their pugios sheathed if they do decide to move together to one location.

If it ever happens in our lifetime it will be the second place that has Latin as a language in the 'real' world! As you know we are two of the six left out of 44 original students of Aula Tullia Scholastica (a mere month into the class). This is the hardest damn thing I have gotten myself into in decades, including martial arts! I am determined to see it through even if it is just to squeeze a passing grade. Like you, I look forward to be able to present our "thing" in the most authentic manner as possible. Our teacher is wonderful, and she does likes to put all those "g" strings on words, ne? What a dominatrix eh? Ouch, there she comes with that conjugation stick again. I guess I will have to write "Romans go home!" 100x correctly in Latin or get my b*#%ls cut off at dawn;-) I guess this makes us Latin masochists ;-) It will also prepare us to at least be able to vacation in Nova Roma (the place) and not be ripped off by the waiters!

Vires et honos,
Marcus Cassius Philippus

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38371 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salvete onmes,

I thank Gaius Equitius Cato for his words.

However, I would stress once again that the gens Martiana is not "angry,"
"upset," or any of the other emotional adjectives that have been imputed to
us. We object to the edictum, we have put forth the reasons for our
objection, and these reasons remain unaddressed. These attacks upon our
character are scurrilous, and should make plain to all observers the depths
to which certain people will resort to defame anyone who dares to disagree
with them, especially when they have no cogent arguments to present.

Then there are those who talk about the gens Martiana leaving Nova
Roma. We have said no such thing, and these suggestions smack of the
unreasoned rhetoric I heard during the Vietnam War, and has been
resurrected by so-called "patriots" in recent years: "America - Love It or
Leave It." While no doubt disappointing to some, the gens Martiana has no
intention of leaving Nova Roma. Apparently, some commentators have missed
the point: Nova Roma has changed, the gens Martiana has not. We are not
leaving Nova Roma; rather, Nova Roma is leaving us.

Meanwhile, honored censors, we await your answer to Cato's question:
"Whattaya gonna do?" Is the name "Martiana" no longer welcome in Nova
Roma? If not, the state has the burden to prove that it has a compelling
interest in requiring a change to that name. Since the state has asserted
no such compelling interest in seven years, one entertains serious doubts
that the state can plausibly allege a compelling interest at this late
date. The name "Martiana" has become an historical fact in Nova Roma. Is
the gens Martiana fated to a slow diminishment and eventual death because
of this edictum? If so, this is genocide: from the Greek genos, meaning
"race" or "tribe," from which we get the Latin gens; and from the Latin
caedere, "to kill." This is far from a theoretical issue. I suspect that
one of our members may have died, as he mentioned long-term health problems
on several occasions, his email account has been terminated, and his
telephone number has been reassigned. Thus, the death of the gens Martiana
within Nova Roma may well have already begun. The policy of the censors
leaves us no option but to welcome new members from outside Nova Roma. It
is the censors who have created this situation; we have merely responded to
protect our legitimate interests and rights.

Mars nos protegis!
Marcus Martianus Gangalius


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38372 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salve Cato,

gaiusequitiuscato <mlcinnyc@...> writes:

> G. Equitius Cato Gn. Equitio Marino S.P.D.
>
> Salve Censor.
>
> I understand what you're trying to do, and I respect it. The question
> involves the *future* citizens of the Republic; they will be unable to
> join the gens Martiana,

They may, however, join the gens Martiania, should they wish. On the other
hand they will not be allowed to join the gens Sciapiada Africana under any
circumstance, because the nomen isn't simply misspelled, it's misconceived.

> and I cannot find a flaw in the argument of
> diminishing numbers which Martianus Gangalius has put before you.

Nor can I. If he and his fellows continue to insist on using a name that is
misspelled, that's their choice and they will have to live with the
consequences. If they choose to become Martiania, it's a simple edit of the
Album Gentium for me, and incoming citizens may use the nomen. (I note that
any children born to the Martiana do have the right to their parent's name,
and this edictum does not abrogate that right. So the Martiana, should they
wish to keep their misspelled nomen, can still propogate via the traditional
method.)

> It does seem as if that gens is to be allowed to gradually dissolve.

Not only this one. Furthermore, there are Nova Roman gentes whose nomina have
much greater problems, and can not be corrected by a simple change in
spelling. The current members of these gentes may keep their names if they
wish, and may pass those names to their children, but no new applicants for
citizenship may take those nomina.

> I'd be upset if the Equitia were going to drop off, and I do not blame the
> Martianae for being angry.

M. Martianus has asserted that the Martiani are not angry. So there is
nothing to blame.

Vale,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38373 From: Tiberius Gladius Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Muta
Omnibus S.P.D.

Before I launch into this post I would like to point out that I am a new applicant to Nova Roma, and as such many of you may consider this a gross lack of credentials to speak on this matter. However, the timing of my own application has placed me square in the middle of this issue so, if you will indulge me I would like to present my own 'take' on the subject at hand.

My own experience in choosing a name has not been without its own pitfalls, not the least of which was my choice of gens, that being the gens 'Gladia'. Shortly after applying I was informed that, although the gens was listed on the website as being open and available, 'Gladia' was not proper and was soon to be dropped/curtailed/what-have-you and that I should consider another. I seem to have chosen the gens at a time prior to the website being updated and/or an official ruling published on the gens. Although I was not particularly invested with the name 'Gladia' I was rather taken aback- this would seem to fall under the blanket of the series of posts regarding 'ex post facto' laws or some such. However, as a new applicant I knew I would have to 'toe the line' with the Censors or simply 'not play'.

As for my chosen cognomen of 'Germanicus', I was shot down on that as well, as the view of the Censors is such that they regard it as an honorific. I stated my position that as historically it has been documented to have been a 'given' name, and not *necessarily* an honorific, it should be allowed. Despite my argument/presentation of evidence, I was more or less again shot down and requested to select something else.

Which now brings me to my point- finally!

After ditching the name of 'Tiberius Gladius Germanicus' I dove a little further into naming practices (with the kind assistance of a handfull of Nova Romans- thank you!) and selected a name which seems to satisfy the requirements. The name I have chosen to amend my application to is 'Gaius Licinius Crassus'- every element of which is, to my knowledge, legal and available- and true to form with regard to family names used by the gens Licinia. So, hopefully, all will be well and I may be approved under this new name.

Now, my comments particular to the Edictum Censorium so often bandied about the Group of late:

I realize the focus of the Censors is to bring everyone's name in line with historical naming practices- and I wholeheartedly agree. However, there is a decision that MUST be made in my view of the current situation. This is, in short, whether or not to apply the 'Law' evenly across the board for ALL members, old and new- and recently applied- or 'grandfather' those whose names exist outside the current Edicts. I ask this in particular because I noticed at LEAST one other 'Germanicus' in the Census, and I know HE didn't conquer Germany (as was presented to me as an argument against approving MY name of Germanicus). However, I believe the other Germanicus is a old member of NR, and an elected official, so if an exception is made in that respect, the principle should equally apply to those whose names aren't 'quite right'- they should be allowed to keep their names as orginally approved, but obviously they should also be given the opportunity to voluntarily change their name to
conform. As for the gentes in question, if they are to be restricted they should be stricken from the website to avoid any further citizens from joining, and the family line allowed to die out with honor instead of making 'outlaws' of them, as seems to be the perception of the members of gens Martiana at present.
(My apologies to gens Martiana, but that is MY perception of how this whole affair is shaking out.)

All in all, in my very un-learned opinion, it would seem that this sort of thing is going to be a continual source of frustration and/or disaffection within the ranks as the rules are revised in an ongoing process. But the question remains: where does it stop? Obviously, we aren't re-creating Rome as it was, but rather what we would like for it to have been. And, as such, another question begs to be answered: how much authenticity DO we want? And the final, all-equalizing factor remains, as well: how can ANYTHING be enforced except by the 'will of the Senate and People of Rome' other than by outright expulsion from Nova Roma by those currently 'in power'?

Unless these and similar questions are addressed, Nove Roma may be destined to be the province of the few rather than the many, as depressing as that may seem. I, for one, still reserve my judgement in that respect, but based on my experience in other historically-minded organizations it is going to boil down to 'authenticity versus playability'. It's up to each citizen- and applicant- to decide which is more important.

D.V.I.C.

G. Licinius Crassus
(TAFKATGG- The Applicant Formerly Known As Tiberius Gladius Germanicus)


---------------------------------






---------------------------------
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38374 From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws/The Martiani
In a message dated 10/24/2005 2:13:07 PM Pacific Daylight Time,
fororom@... writes:

ATS: Adults (human ones, anyway) control their emotions under normal
> circumstances, though illness or the like may make this difficult. Nova
Roma
> is the laughingstock of anyone who knows Latin and reads the Album Civium, o
r
> the Album Gentium, and sees impossible names there as being those of Roman
> citizens, for there are many highly competent Latinists in this world, some
of
> whom do look at our website‹and howl. Even the others who inspect these
> lists, but aren¹t Latinists, can certainly get a good laugh out of some of
the
> names. Some here truly want to have names that are more correct. Provision
> has been made for those who prefer to retain their existing names; moreover,
> in many cases, only a minor adjustment will rectify the morphology of these
> nomina. If someone misspells ŒCaesar¹ as ŒCaersar¹ or what have you, why
> should he or she be unwilling to correct this error? If it¹s wrong, it gets
> corrected.


Except I cannot understand your point here. I attempted to do this six years
ago.
I was screamed down. The protests were large and never ending. But lets say
you are correct, and we get the Latin impecable. So what's next?
Women are no longer allowed to be magistrates?
Magistrates must take a year off office so the can be prosucated?
That is not what is true to history but what is not. What does reflect
well on our willlingness to compromise with old Rome and Nova Roma?

Now that we have a Gens all Latinized and correct, do we remove woman
magistracies?
That would cause the old Romans howl with laughter, wouldn't it? A woman
holding a political office in Republican Rome?

You guys are cherry picking what you can fix though edict and ignoring what
you can't because of PC or whatever reasons. In other words you are
subgegating a sub-class to your standard because you can. Follow history. The
Romans would as you say it would howl.

> M. Martianus has not been terribly respectful of the censores, who are
> elected magistrates, and highly educated men into the bargain, nor of their
> staffs, which are composed of highly educated people, some of whom have done
> extensive research into the field of Roman nomenclature‹and, I would point
> out, intelligence, education, and learning carry authority independent of
any
> other factors.

Hello!! You threatened his Gens with extingtion. I don't care how clever you
are, were, how many books we all have published et al. You all have claimed
intellectual superority to reenforce your vision. And that is wrong. Its one
thing to start an organization with this vision. It is another to bully
existing entities with it.
You miss the point. Here we have a Gens organized during the first year of
Nova Roma.
Here we have a very smart man about Romans, Roman Law, and the Gods. So who
is to say he is not smarter then you? I have actually met him, discussed his
philosophy. I disagreed with some of his ideals but so what? The Censors
accepted him, his Gens nomen at that is that. Most of you were not around in NR
when the Martiana was started in San Francisco, and it was a respected and
active Gens. To say his Gens nomen is Latin challenged is one thing, to say no
additional members may join his gens with its latin challenged name is
something else entirely.

It now becomes apparent that you must embroil yourself in politics in NR
simply to survive.
You ignore the system at your peril.

Grandfather his gens and be done with it. We are always going to have weird
things here in Nova Roma, it is the norm.

Q. Fabius Maximus


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38375 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salvete omnes,

M. Martianus <marcus@...> writes:

> Meanwhile, honored censors, we await your answer to Cato's question:
> "Whattaya gonna do?"

I keep hoping that you'll go back and actually read the edictum, is what I'm
doing. It is a non-compulsory edictum. It doesn't require you to do
anything, nor does it require anyone who bears the nomen 'Martianus' or
'Martiana' to do anything. It does, however, provide each person who bears
the name with a legal mechanism for correcting the error in spelling that was
made (unknowingly, I understand) long ago.

> Is the name "Martiana" no longer welcome in Nova Roma?

The name "Martiana" is welcome in Nova Roma for as long as any citizen who
currently bears it wishes to remain, and for as long as their children, and
grandchildren, and however many greats-grandchildren wish to remain among us.
Of course I hope that at some point all the people who bear the name will
correct the spelling, and the problem will then go away.

> Is the gens Martiana fated to a slow diminishment and eventual death because
> of this edictum?

Only if none of the Martiana ever have children.

Valete quirites,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38376 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Nova Roma as an actual place to live
> Salve, M. Cassi Philippe amice, et salvete, omnes!
>
> Salve Quinte Lanii Pauline,
>
> I agree with you about Nova Roma. I just don't see it happening in our
> lifetime, and the gods help any that do decide to move to such a place if it
> were soon established. They'd be at each other's throats in a matter of weeks.
> They can't get along right now as it is and that's just using a keyboard to
> attack with. One point that we both made which is quite interesting: It is
> religion more than anything else that gets multitudes of people to leave
> everything and move into unknown areas. In this respect (Nova?) Roma as an
> entity in itself seems to be almost subconciously aware of this and that it is
> the way it will return to our 'real' world. It was the loss of its religion
> that spelled its downfall. Now, ironically it will most likely be the
> resurgence of it that gives it the best chance at returning. It is also the
> only way that its members will be able to keep their pugios sheathed if they
> do decide to move together to one location.
>
> If it ever happens in our lifetime it will be the second place that has Latin
> as a language in the 'real' world! As you know we are two of the six left out
> of 44 original students of Aula Tullia Scholastica (a mere month into the
> class).
>
> ATS: There are ten to fifteen active students, and almost as many
> auditors who started, and submitted some homework, but due to personal
> reasons, couldn¹t continue. Most of them are also doing quite well.
>
> This is the hardest damn thing I have gotten myself into in decades, including
> martial arts!
>
> ATS: Don¹t ever let Auitus hear you say that sort of thing! (he also does
> martial arts...)
>
> I am determined to see it through even if it is just to squeeze a passing
> grade.
>
> ATS: So far, amice, you¹re doing much better than that. And if I could
> just get away from responding to letters to the ML, I could correct the rest
> of your Lectio V paper, and those of the rest of the class.
>
> Like you, I look forward to be able to present our "thing" in the most
> authentic manner as possible. Our teacher is wonderful, and she does likes to
> put all those "g" strings on words, ne?
>
> ATS: By which MCP means that I describe the piling up of morphemes which
> occurs in Latin grammar as putting on clothes‹the minimal ones are the
> g-strings...and we work on up to more clothes. A little humor is helpful.
>
> What a dominatrix eh?
>
> ATS: Amice, you should know that I¹m the last remove from a dominatrix...
>
> Ouch, there she comes with that conjugation stick again. I guess I will have
> to write "Romans go home!" 100x correctly in Latin or get my b*#%ls cut off at
> dawn;-)
>
> ATS: I think that was something from the Life of Brian...which I saw
> several years ago. If I only had time to watch the video...don¹t worry;
> nobody is going to be gelded, or suffer genocide, or any such nonsense.
>
> I guess this makes us Latin masochists ;-)
>
> ATS: No, it makes us Latin lovers!
>
> It will also prepare us to at least be able to vacation in Nova Roma (the
> place) and not be ripped off by the waiters!
>
> ATS: When we have that restaurant on Capri (or wherever)...
>
> Vires et honos,
> Marcus Cassius Philippus
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38377 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
Salve G. Licini Crasse,

Thanks for your interest and comments. Actually before the
probationary period I remember when I signed up with NR about 3.5
years ago, it took me a few months to get my citizenship. The reason
was that the paterfamilii who then said yea or nay to new citizens
joining their gens were inactive and I sat in limbo for a while.
My first name was the family name Britannicus and I chose it since I
lived in Britain as a youngster and still remember the Roman ruins
and a road nearby that still sparked my interest. Little did I know
that Britannicus was an agno name awarded to military victors in
Britain. Lately I checked into the name Felix, more as a joke since
I was named at work after the cartoon cat as mentioned previously
but it is a no go since it is a title of respect that must be earned.

Now in the past, one of the big arguments against Nova Roma was that
we were more like a silly group of Saturday afternoon frustrated
commando types acting out Ancient Rome rather than modern military
conflicts. We had some classic students and some academics come off
and on, some with their noses a little out of joint at times saying
we had little academic credibility and not too much potential. Now,
as mentioned in A. Tullia Scholastica's letter we have a great basic
core of Latin and Roman scholars, professional historians, not to
mention another senior fellow who advises Hollywood historical film
productions. From what I see, even though they may agree or disagree
on different points, they all have the interest of NR at heart. I
can tell you that I know a lot more about Rome when compared to the
average Joe in a neighbourhood pub or cocktail party but I can
assure you that my knowledge of Rome in all her aspects is infinitly
small in comparison to these scholars. LOL,all in all I can say that
I am not always joyous regarding their findings, especially when
they shoot down my theories or wishes but there comes a point where
I believe, with respect to our scholars, that it is better to do a
little less talking and a little more listening.

I too do not feel elated that I cannot or should not use some of my
favourite Roman names at this point but we do want the truth, have
unquestionable credibility in NR but sometimes the truth will hurt.

Regards,

Quintus Lanius Paulinus


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Tiberius Gladius
<tiberius_gladius@y...> wrote:
>
> Omnibus S.P.D.
>
> Before I launch into this post I would like to point out that I am
a new applicant to Nova Roma, and as such many of you may consider
this a gross lack of credentials to speak on this matter. However,
the timing of my own application has placed me square in the middle
of this issue so, if you will indulge me I would like to present my
own 'take' on the subject at hand.
>
> My own experience in choosing a name has not been without its own
pitfalls, not the least of which was my choice of gens, that being
the gens 'Gladia'. Shortly after applying I was informed that,
although the gens was listed on the website as being open and
available, 'Gladia' was not proper and was soon to be
dropped/curtailed/what-have-you and that I should consider another.
I seem to have chosen the gens at a time prior to the website being
updated and/or an official ruling published on the gens. Although I
was not particularly invested with the name 'Gladia' I was rather
taken aback- this would seem to fall under the blanket of the series
of posts regarding 'ex post facto' laws or some such. However, as a
new applicant I knew I would have to 'toe the line' with the Censors
or simply 'not play'.
>
> As for my chosen cognomen of 'Germanicus', I was shot down on that
as well, as the view of the Censors is such that they regard it as
an honorific. I stated my position that as historically it has been
documented to have been a 'given' name, and not *necessarily* an
honorific, it should be allowed. Despite my argument/presentation of
evidence, I was more or less again shot down and requested to select
something else.
>
> Which now brings me to my point- finally!
>
> After ditching the name of 'Tiberius Gladius Germanicus' I dove a
little further into naming practices (with the kind assistance of a
handfull of Nova Romans- thank you!) and selected a name which seems
to satisfy the requirements. The name I have chosen to amend my
application to is 'Gaius Licinius Crassus'- every element of which
is, to my knowledge, legal and available- and true to form with
regard to family names used by the gens Licinia. So, hopefully, all
will be well and I may be approved under this new name.
>
> Now, my comments particular to the Edictum Censorium so often
bandied about the Group of late:
>
> I realize the focus of the Censors is to bring everyone's name in
line with historical naming practices- and I wholeheartedly agree.
However, there is a decision that MUST be made in my view of the
current situation. This is, in short, whether or not to apply
the 'Law' evenly across the board for ALL members, old and new- and
recently applied- or 'grandfather' those whose names exist outside
the current Edicts. I ask this in particular because I noticed at
LEAST one other 'Germanicus' in the Census, and I know HE didn't
conquer Germany (as was presented to me as an argument against
approving MY name of Germanicus). However, I believe the other
Germanicus is a old member of NR, and an elected official, so if an
exception is made in that respect, the principle should equally
apply to those whose names aren't 'quite right'- they should be
allowed to keep their names as orginally approved, but obviously
they should also be given the opportunity to voluntarily change
their name to
> conform. As for the gentes in question, if they are to be
restricted they should be stricken from the website to avoid any
further citizens from joining, and the family line allowed to die
out with honor instead of making 'outlaws' of them, as seems to be
the perception of the members of gens Martiana at present.
> (My apologies to gens Martiana, but that is MY perception of how
this whole affair is shaking out.)
>
> All in all, in my very un-learned opinion, it would seem that this
sort of thing is going to be a continual source of frustration
and/or disaffection within the ranks as the rules are revised in an
ongoing process. But the question remains: where does it stop?
Obviously, we aren't re-creating Rome as it was, but rather what we
would like for it to have been. And, as such, another question begs
to be answered: how much authenticity DO we want? And the final, all-
equalizing factor remains, as well: how can ANYTHING be enforced
except by the 'will of the Senate and People of Rome' other than by
outright expulsion from Nova Roma by those currently 'in power'?
>
> Unless these and similar questions are addressed, Nove Roma may be
destined to be the province of the few rather than the many, as
depressing as that may seem. I, for one, still reserve my judgement
in that respect, but based on my experience in other historically-
minded organizations it is going to boil down to 'authenticity
versus playability'. It's up to each citizen- and applicant- to
decide which is more important.
>
> D.V.I.C.
>
> G. Licinius Crassus
> (TAFKATGG- The Applicant Formerly Known As Tiberius Gladius
Germanicus)
>
>
> ---------------------------------
>
>
>
>
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> Yahoo! FareChase - Search multiple travel sites in one click.
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38378 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: The Sheriff Of Boone County
Hi everyone,

This is an oldie but I find it quite funny. Years ago my long haired
hippie cousin got jailed by such a character for a few days in the
Carolinas for hitch hiking. I heard it on the radio the other day
and found it amusing;
were the Sheriffs in the 50's and 60's really like that or is that
image overblown? Sorry I couldn't find the actual sound recording!


Sheriff of Boone County
As sung by Kenny Price
Thanx and a tip of the silverbelly hat to Oldtimer
who sent me the track, and to all the COWPIE fans who remember Kenny
Price.

Chorus:
(I) I donât take no lip and this (IV) cannon on my hip,
(I) Let me tell you boy, it ainât no (V) toy.
(I) I wear a hat just like a Mountie, Iâm the (IV) SHERIFF OF BOONE
COUNTY,
(I) Let me tell you, boy, youâre in a (V) heap of (I) trouble.

Now if you try to push your Caddie from Nashville to Cincinnati
You have to come across the Boone County line.
Well if you aim on passinâ through youâd better mind your pâs and qâs
ÃŽCause this stretch of interstate, boy, is mine.

Well you might outrun my old Chevrolet but you canât outrun my old
two-way.
Leon waitinâ at the station to hear from me.
Youâre gonna be a-wishinâ I was leadinâ that expedition
ÎCause Iâll chase you all the way back to Tennessee.

Chorus:
I donât take no lip and this cannon on my hip,
Let me tell you boy, it ainât no toy.
I wear a hat just like a Mountie, Iâm the SHERIFF OF BOONE COUNTY,
By the way, youâre in a heap of trouble, boy.

So far I guess you been lucky but now youâre in Boone County,
Kentucky.
I donât know how things are in Tennessee.
Iâm the roughest you ever saw, around here Iâm the law
And itâs been that way since nineteen forty-three.

Chorus:
I donât take no lip and this cannon on my hip,
Let me tell you boy, it ainât no toy.
I wear a hat just like a Mountie, Iâm the SHERIFF OF BOONE COUNTY,
By the way, youâre in a heap of trouble, boy.

(Spoken ad lib) I run the grocery store down there and I pump the gas
and Iâm the dogcatcher too, yeah. The judge, thatâs me, put up your
bond

for you if you like, and if you happen to wreck your car on the way
to
the
courthouse·.

QLP
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38379 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: The Sheriff Of Boone County
Salvete omnes,

Sorry, this is un Roman but I sent it to the wrong list. Oh well, a
break from the norm!


QLP
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38380 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: ex post facto laws
> A. Tullia Scholastica G. Equitio Catoni quiritibus, sociis, peregrinisque
> omnibus S.P.D.
>
> G. Equitius Cato F. Tulliae Scholasticae S.P.D.
>
> Salve Tullia Scholastica.
>
> You wrote:
>
> "M. Martianus has not been terribly respectful of the censores, who
> are elected magistrates, and highly educated men into the bargain, nor
> of their staffs, which are composed of highly educated people, some of
> whom have done extensive research into the field of Roman
> nomenclature‹and, I would point out, intelligence, education, and
> learning carry authority independent of any other factors. In the
> person of Auitus alone we have a highly respected, world-class
> Latinist who is writing a book in Latin on the development of Latin
> vocabulary and teaching three or four courses at the Academia on top
> of his own macro workload, and while the rest of us cannot lay claim
> to such honors, none of us is either dull or uneducated; probably all
> of us have graduate degrees."
>
> I have already expressed my complete admiration for the hard work that
> all of those involved have done; I have never questioned their
> intelligence or dedication. This is, however, an argumentum ad
> verecundiam: just because a number of very smart people believe
> something to be correct does not make it right, and using their
> credentials as a hammer is extremely unattractive. Again, it is not
> the level of intelligence that has ever been questioned. Merely the
> way it is being used. It is more important to guage and respect the
> impact upon the citizenry at large than to sit in a scholar's chair
> and pronounce absolutes.
>
> ATS: Rest assured that Censor Marinus and the others involved in this
> have considered the impact of this upon the citizenry‹which is one reason why
> it is intended as a guideline for existing citizens to change their names to
> more correct forms and for reducing the likelihood that new citizens might
> have to change their names during their probationary period.
>
>
> If the Martianae feel offended by a demand to renounce their name, and
> several subsequent utterances show an amazing lack of sympathy,
> understanding, or willingness to at least appear empathetic, are you
> surprised by the hostility engendered?
>
> ATS: I see that one person may be hostile to this. I am an academic,
> not a Star Trek empath, Betazoid or other, but we do sympathize with those
> whose names should be changed to reflect correct Roman practice. I gave up a
> name I liked very much, whose every element meant something precious to me;
> Gnaeus Salvius Astur gave up the nomen by which he had been known for years,
> and others have acted in similar fashion. This is a voluntary organization,
> whose members choose to abide by the rules and laws we have here, and, to
> reiterate, no existing citizen is being compelled to change his or her name,
> or any part thereof; we are merely pointing out ways in which change to more
> correct forms may be accomplished. The officina approbationum has prepared an
> edictum on praenomina which contains the list published in this edictum, and
> another of extremely rare praenomina which might be granted in exceptional
> circumstances; Cordus has prepared a list of cognomina which are guaranteed to
> be accepted, and others will be accepted as well. The research team is
> working on the nomina to verify that certain ones are or are not historical,
> and historical during the Republican period; this edictum is a small step on
> the path to improving the state of our nomenclature.
>
>
>
> You also wrote:
>
> "Adults (human ones, anyway) control their emotions under normal
> circumstances, though illness or the like may make this difficult."
>
> Here, with the clicking of a keyboard, you demean the entire body of
> citizens within the gens Martiana who disagree with this edict --- who
> apparently are not adults, not human, or ill. It is precisely this
> kind of arrogance which fuels the anger you then turn on to deride.
>
> ATS: There is a difference between disagreeing with something, and
> becoming enraged about it, or having some other untoward emotional reaction.
> The last time I checked on this, there is a very good reason why emotions are
> less controllable in children and animals, and perhaps why other conditions
> make them more difficult for adults to control: the emotional centers of the
> brain lie beneath the cerebral cortex, not within it, and are controlled by
> the cerebral cortex‹which lacks emotion. Animals have less of the cerebral
> cortex (cetaceans being the exception; they have several layers more than
> humans do, according to the sources I read some years ago), and children don¹t
> have enough circuitry, and perhaps not enough chemistry, to do this. Illness
> and/or pain can wreak havoc with one¹s ability to think logically, or to do
> much of anything. Part of adulthood is acquiring emotional control; one can
> disagree with something‹in a reasonable fashion, not by flying into a rage.
> Claiming that genocide will result from a request to make a minor spelling
> change in a nomen is to me more than a little overreaction. I would also
> point out that M. Martianus, as Censor Marinus noted, can speak only for the
> members of his familia, the Martiana Gangalia familia, not for others of this
> gens. Moreover, it would also appear from what M. Martianus Gangalius had
> said in an earlier post that his gens somehow contains noncitizens, and that
> they may someday form a majority of this gens; one has to wonder how this gens
> would be extinguished, or harmed in any way‹especially since a minor change of
> spelling would apparently bring the name of this gens at least into compliance
> with the very minimal guidelines of this edictum. I mean no disrespect for
> him or the members of this gens, but this reaction is indeed a tempest in a
> teapot.
>
>
>
> You then write:
>
> "Nova Roma is the laughingstock of anyone who knows Latin and reads
> the Album Civium, or the Album Gentium, and sees impossible names
> there as being those of Roman citizens, for there are many highly
> competent Latinists in this world, some of whom do look at our website
> and howl."
>
> Let them howl, Scholastica. If they saw us in a New York restaurant
> togate (and pullate --- is that a word?)
>
>
> ATS: Probably Œpalliate¹ would be the correct word; as you probably know,
> the fabulae palliatae were comedies in Greek dress.
>
> They didn¹t howl at us when we were in that NYC restaurant, did they? I
> thought that New Yorkers would be blasé about such things, but instead several
> were, as you may well recall, very interested in us, our attire, and in Nova
> Roma.
>
> they might also howl.
>
> ATS: There is a big difference between being laughed at by the ignorant
> because someone is trying to be historically accurate and being laughed at by
> the cognoscenti because someone pretends to be historically accurate, but
> refuses to follow the rules of Latin grammar or the practices of Roman history
> which do not violate modern sensibilities. My colleagues want nothing to do
> with reenactment, or Nova Roma, or much to do with spoken Latin; as Auitus
> would say, they like their Latin mummified, found only in old books by Roman
> authors. They don¹t want to speak it, they don¹t want to write it, they don¹t
> want to dress in Roman clothing, or even see those who do such things. I¹m
> sure they laugh at me behind my back. I¹m an adult; it doesn¹t bother me.
>
> If
> they heard us debating the legal issues raised by our unhistoric
> written Constitution, they might howl. If they saw the depth and
> eagerness of discussion regarding the creation of a new sestertius,
> they might howl. Political scientists would howl at female
> magistrates and senators --- how unRoman! We could, if necessary,
> provide any number of people (and very intelligent ones at that) with
> any number of reasons to ridicule us. We are NOVA Romans, not ancient
> ones;
>
> ATS: Yes, we are NOVA Romans, and we do some things differently, out of
> consideration for modern sensibilities. I wasn¹t aware that Latin grammar or
> Roman history were out of keeping with being NOVA Roman.
>
> any steps closer to the ancients are important, but not at the
> expense of the alienation of the citizens.
>
> ATS: True on both counts, but alienation here is a major overreaction.
> Should we eliminate the subjunctive or the gerundive because someone doesn¹t
> like them?
>
> Vale bene,
>
> Cato
>
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
>
>
>
>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38381 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salvete omnes,

I thank my old friend Quintus Fabius Maximus for his words. I recall that
he was once falsely accused of treason against the state and banished,
albeit for a brief time. Such is the vicious and mercurial nature of
politics in Nova Roma at times. It takes a strong stomach to remain here,
but after seven years, you and I are still here.

I also thank Gaius Licinius Crassus, or whatever name the censors, after
examining the entrails of an owl, may please to force upon him next
week. Yes, what is good for the goose is good for the gander. Let the
co-founder of Nova Roma surrender the name Germanicus, which he has so
egregiously misappropriated. And while we are at it, let us be absolutely
historically accurate, and, rather than allow the capricious mixing and
matching of praenimina, nomina, and cognomina, let us only allow the
historical permutations of those names. That ought to boil us down to only
a hundred or so names (those that history bothered to record, which do not
include the names of the scummy underclass), and we'll have a hell of a lot
of fun trying to tell each other apart! Reductio ad absurdum.

Oh, but pardon me, I am being disrespectful of the censors and a few other
people. Yes, it is true, I am disrespectful and irreverent, and I revel in
that, just as John Adams reflected that he was "obnoxious, suspected, and
unpopular." But do take heart, o ye august ministers of Nova Roma, for you
can read my essays online and see in what exalted company I place you. I
routinely ridicule all manner of officials: Representative Tom Feeney,
Senator Dianne Feinstein, Democratic National Committee chairman Howard
Dean, FEMA secretary Michael Brown, Homeland Security secretary Michael
Chertoff, and President George W. Bush. Mark Twain once said, "Suppose you
were an idiot, and suppose you were a member of Congress; but I repeat
myself." That is the price of being a politician in a republic. If that
hurts your feelings, don't be a politician, be a god instead. Then you can
smite me with righteous fire. Until then, I speak as I please.

As for Marinus' latest remark, injustice must always masquerade as justice
if it is to succeed. His insistence that the edictum is non-compulsory is
a subterfuge, a logical fallacy, because non-compliance incurs the penalty
of extinction. He is like a highwayman with impeccable manners: "Stand
and deliver, if you would be so kind." Remove the veil of false
consciousness from your eyes. The censors are effecting the extinction of
gentes, and that is genocide.

Mars nos protegis!
Marcus Martianus Gangalius


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38382 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: Re: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
> A. Tullia Scholastica C. Licinio Crasso quiritibus, sociis, peregrinisque
> omnibus S.P.D.
>
> Omnibus S.P.D.
>
> Before I launch into this post I would like to point out that I am a new
> applicant to Nova Roma, and as such many of you may consider this a gross lack
> of credentials to speak on this matter. However, the timing of my own
> application has placed me square in the middle of this issue so, if you will
> indulge me I would like to present my own 'take' on the subject at hand.
>
> My own experience in choosing a name has not been without its own pitfalls,
> not the least of which was my choice of gens, that being the gens 'Gladia'.
> Shortly after applying I was informed that, although the gens was listed on
> the website as being open and available, 'Gladia' was not proper and was soon
> to be dropped/curtailed/what-have-you and that I should consider another. I
> seem to have chosen the gens at a time prior to the website being updated
> and/or an official ruling published on the gens. Although I was not
> particularly invested with the name 'Gladia' I was rather taken aback- this
> would seem to fall under the blanket of the series of posts regarding 'ex post
> facto' laws or some such. However, as a new applicant I knew I would have to
> 'toe the line' with the Censors or simply 'not play'.
>
> ATS: We have just concluded our biennial census, during which we could not
> change the Album Gentium or the list of nomina. Moreover, our webmaster left
> without warning in late August, and our senate has just appointed a webmaster
> suffectus to fill out his term. That is part of the reason why there is a
> discrepancy between the names on the website and those which are acceptable.
>
> Gladius is the Latin word for sword. It is masculine in gender, and has a
> neuter by-form, gladium. The names of the gentes are adjectives, not nouns,
> though they are substantive adjectives, that is, they are used as nouns.
> Adjectives have different forms for different genders. Nouns do not. As a
> noun, Œgladia¹ can exist only as the neuter plural nominative or accusative of
> the neuter by-form of gladius. Now, there is some very mimimal possibility
> that this word, which does have the correct form for a nomen, might be
> construed as an adjective, but it isn¹t there as such in either of my Latin
> unabridged dictionaries, which rather mitigates against that possibility.
> Therefore we are discouraging this as a nomen.
>
> As for my chosen cognomen of 'Germanicus', I was shot down on that as well, as
> the view of the Censors is such that they regard it as an honorific. I stated
> my position that as historically it has been documented to have been a 'given'
> name, and not *necessarily* an honorific, it should be allowed. Despite my
> argument/presentation of evidence, I was more or less again shot down and
> requested to select something else.
>
> ATS: We have a law, the Lex Cornelia et Maria de Mutandis
> Nominibus/Nominibus Mutandis which forbids the use of certain specified
> honorifics, and leaves others unspecified, but forbidden as well. It also
> forbids the use of words which are not subject to Latin declension as names,
> and names whose gender does not agree with that of their bearers. The suffix
> ­icus usually designates the conqueror of an area; if you conquered Germany,
> you might be allowed to bear this name.
>
> Which now brings me to my point- finally!
>
> After ditching the name of 'Tiberius Gladius Germanicus' I dove a little
> further into naming practices (with the kind assistance of a handfull of Nova
> Romans- thank you!) and selected a name which seems to satisfy the
> requirements. The name I have chosen to amend my application to is 'Gaius
> Licinius Crassus'- every element of which is, to my knowledge, legal and
> available- and true to form with regard to family names used by the gens
> Licinia. So, hopefully, all will be well and I may be approved under this new
> name.
>
> Now, my comments particular to the Edictum Censorium so often bandied about
> the Group of late:
>
> I realize the focus of the Censors is to bring everyone's name in line with
> historical naming practices- and I wholeheartedly agree. However, there is a
> decision that MUST be made in my view of the current situation. This is, in
> short, whether or not to apply the 'Law' evenly across the board for ALL
> members, old and new- and recently applied- or 'grandfather' those whose names
> exist outside the current Edicts.
>
> ATS: That WOULD be an ex post facto law/edict, and would raise a far
> worse ruckus than this has. We cannot force existing citizens who chose their
> names in good faith, and whose names were accepted by the censores at the
> time, who had less knowledge of Latin and fewer scholarly advisors at hand, to
> change their names.
>
> I ask this in particular because I noticed at LEAST one other 'Germanicus' in
> the Census,
>
> ATS: There are several citizens with this cognomen; one happens to be a
> former webmaster, and the owner of our server.
>
> and I know HE didn't conquer Germany (as was presented to me as an argument
> against approving MY name of Germanicus). However, I believe the other
> Germanicus is a old member of NR, and an elected official, so if an exception
> is made in that respect, the principle should equally apply to those whose
> names aren't 'quite right'- they should be allowed to keep their names as
> orginally approved, but obviously they should also be given the opportunity to
> voluntarily change their name to
> conform.
>
> ATS: Which is just what we are doing.
>
> As for the gentes in question, if they are to be restricted they should be
> stricken from the website to avoid any further citizens from joining, and the
> family line allowed to die out with honor instead of making 'outlaws' of them,
> as seems to be the perception of the members of gens Martiana at present.
> (My apologies to gens Martiana, but that is MY perception of how this whole
> affair is shaking out.)
>
> ATS: The gens Martiana is not being made outlaws, nor will any gens. Now
> that the census is complete, and a new webmaster in place, we may be able to
> do just that.
>
> All in all, in my very un-learned opinion, it would seem that this sort of
> thing is going to be a continual source of frustration and/or disaffection
> within the ranks as the rules are revised in an ongoing process. But the
> question remains: where does it stop? Obviously, we aren't re-creating Rome as
> it was, but rather what we would like for it to have been. And, as such,
> another question begs to be answered: how much authenticity DO we want? And
> the final, all-equalizing factor remains, as well: how can ANYTHING be
> enforced except by the 'will of the Senate and People of Rome' other than by
> outright expulsion from Nova Roma by those currently 'in power'?
>
> ATS: We have laws and edicta; those who choose to become citizens pledge
> to obey these. We also have magistrates charged with such matters.
>
> Unless these and similar questions are addressed, Nove Roma may be destined to
> be the province of the few rather than the many, as depressing as that may
> seem. I, for one, still reserve my judgement in that respect, but based on my
> experience in other historically-minded organizations it is going to boil down
> to 'authenticity versus playability'. It's up to each citizen- and applicant-
> to decide which is more important.
>
> ATS: We who are involved in reenactment know that there are various
> levels of authenticity represented, though NR is not a reenactment
> organization per se. NR is trying to steer a course closer to historical
> authenticity without trampling modern sensibilities.
>
> D.V.I.C.
>
> G. Licinius Crassus
> (TAFKATGG- The Applicant Formerly Known As Tiberius Gladius Germanicus)
>
> ATS: You should see some of the proposed names we find in the censors¹
> office...
>
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> 1. Tullia Scholastica


>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38383 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-24
Subject: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salvete onmes,

The esteemed Aula Tullia Scholastica implies that the Martiani are "not
adults, not human, or ill." Yes, that is true. Furthermore, there are
many instances of this in history. In the Soviet Union, many dissidents
were declared mentally ill and committed to insane asylums. Also, anyone
that the Nazis wanted to destroy--Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals--were
labeled "untermenschen," or subhumans. A sociopath or a psychopath will
kill anyone, but for a well-adjusted human being to kill another, he or she
must first be conditioned to reduce the enemy to a subhuman or an animal.

Mars nos protegis!
Marcus Martianus Gangalius
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38384 From: P. Dominus Antonius Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: A Good Enough Solution to Martiana Problem
If all of you learned gentlemen and gentle ladies would allow me to attempt
to cobble together a solution that everyone will hate.

1. Since NR is not currently a true state there are few ways for it to
enforce the many edicts of the censors short of banishment, or in this case
slow eradication.
2. This makes some contested issues a life or death struggle and leads to
the love it or leave it.
3. NR has limited taxing authority and is constantly short of revenues.

Why not institute some form of a financial fine or levy for these sorts of
issues. Let Martiana pay some fine and continue to exist within NR and have
the right to recruit new members. This would allow the Censors to claim
victory that they are enforcing the law by punishing Martiana. Allow
Martiana a way to continue at a price, which they can pay under protest and
work for political change and better days. Sure Martiana will feel it is
unjustified. So. There are many fines, levies and taxes I pay to in US that
I feel are unjust. This would allow the coffers to get a small but much
needed infusion. Many citizens or gens would probably choose to change their
names and thus not have to pay a fine. Look, no one is banished from the US
for not obeying the speed limit, or told they can't procreate. And let's
face it in this world, recruitment is the functional equivalent of
procreation.

I am sure that this suggestion will be most unwelcome by all sides who feel
they are completely in the right. I submit that this is evidence that it is
a good enough solution. Let's face it this fledgling state can not afford to
effectively push away citizens.

I cautiously await the flame attack, that I'm sure is impending.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38385 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: EDICTVM CENSORIVM DE NOMINIBVS MVTANDIS (Joint Censorial Edict
> Cn. Cornelio Lentulo A. Tullia Scholastica quiritibus, sociis, peregrinisque
> omnibus S.P.D.
>
>
> A. Tulliae Scholasticae optimae suae Cn. Cornelius
> Lentulus salutem plurimam dicit:
>
>
>> >
>> > ATS: In NR, we feel that women deserve
> praenomina, just as men do. This
>> > was indeed not the ancient Republican practice, but
> I believe it was the
>> > practice early on.
>
>
> I am glad that women in NR are esteemed, appreciated.
> This is an important thing, because in that point we
> cannot adhere to the ancient practice, but it's good
> and rightful. Every Novaroman women who want a
> praenomen should have it as well as men do have.
>
> I don't understand only why are CONSTRAINED women, who
> don't want praenomen, to have it? For example, one of
> my Hungarian girl-friends wants to join in NR and she
> is a Latinist and when she had seen that in NR it's
> compulsory to have praenomen also for women, she said
> why? She doesn't want a praenomen because she wants
> such a name like original Roman women did have.
>
> ATS: I think that one of our other scholars has answered this‹there is
> now evidence that more women had praenomina than previously thought.
>
> We follow the rules set down for us; we encourage cognomina, but don¹t
> absolutely require them, for instance.
>
> This case tell us why do I feel to be problem if we
> constrain women use praenomina: if one wants, let have
> it; if doesn't want, concede to not have.
>
> I personally value women as well as men, both privtely
> and politically: if I don't address them with their
> praenomina in each case, only when I feel necessary to
> emphasize that, do not think I don't respect women: I
> just try to keep Roman traditions (of course not in
> the rate of the respect - just in addressings
> sometimes: this serves the historical feeling.)
>
>
> Cura etiam atque etiam uti optime valeas!
>
> Et tu! His diebus uerba amica perrara sunt.
>
> Cornelius Lentulus
> SCRIBA TUUS
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
>
>
>
>
>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38386 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
> A. Tullia Scholastica C. Fabio Buteoni Modiano quiritibus, sociis,
> peregrinisque omnibus S.P.D.
>
> C. Fabius Buteo Modianus Marco Martiano Gangalio Salutem dicit
> Are you responding to a private message sent to you? It appears to me --
> please correct me if I am wrong -- that Q. Fabius Maximus sent you a private
> message that you are responding to in a public forum. This is truly
> disappointing. If, in fact, this is the case I have less respect for your
> cause.
> Your use of harsh language towards the Censors is simply not necessary.
> These edicts are designed to make Nova Roma more in line with Roman
> tradition, and custom. What they are doing is being pro-active and trying to
> commit to the future of Nova Roma.
>
> ATS: This is indeed the intent of this edict, and any similar ones which
> may follow.
>
> Your attack of their work is unethical.
> If you disagree, then offer a solution. But you attack the Censors and issue
> talk of genocide, and unlawfulness.
>
>
> ATS: I agree that M. Martianus Gangalius¹ words seem quite intemperate,
> and quite out of proportion to the effect of the edictum.
>
> If you, and your gens want to leave Nova Roma then do so. Acknowledge to
> yourself that you do not want to be involved anymore.
>
> ATS: I would surely not go this far.
>
> But please do not go
> looking for reasons to leave, and pointing fingers at people. There is no
> reason for your attacks on the Censors and their staffs.
>
> ATS: And that is true. There is no reason to attack anyone for
> recommending ways in which names may be changed in order to bring them into
> closer agreement with Roman practice. If we got really fussy, there would be
> a much more extensive overhaul even of this gens than recommending a minor
> spelling change. Gut Gott in Himmel!
>
> C. Fabius Buteo Modianus
>
> Plurimas gratias pro uerbis benignis tuis.
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
>
> On 10/24/05, Thomas Gangale <marcus@...> wrote:
>> >
>> > Salve Quinte Fabi Maxime,
>> >
>> > With respect, sir, I believe your message proceeds from a false
>> > premise. When you examine the facts, it is clear that it is the Censors
>> > who have gone off half-cocked.
>> >
>> > The Censors have already barred an applicant from joining the gens
>> > Martiana, and they have done so without bothering to first review the case
>> > of our gens. Had they reviewed the case of the gens Martiana, they might
>> > well have granted an exemption. This would have been a judicious course of
>> > action. Regrettably, they have acted injudiciously and unjustly. They
>> > have fired the first shot, and the gens Martiana has had no choice but to
>> > respond in the interest of its self-preservation.
>> >
>> > I also question the legality of the Censors' action in the specific case
>> > of
>> > the gens Martiana, for they barred this application to our gens a full
>> > month before they officially announced this edictum. Is Nova Roma now
>> > governed by secret laws, or by laws anticipated but not yet promulgated?
>> >
>> > In no society that is governed by the rule of law does a new law become
>> > effective on the same day it is announced, whereas this practice is common
>> > in totalitarian regimes. The reason is obvious. A future date of
>> > effectivity allows for a legal challenge to be prepared and entered, in
>> > which case the court holds the new law in abeyance while the case is
>> > resolved, and no citizen is affected by the new law until its
>> > constitutionality has been ascertained. In a totalitarian state, where
>> > such legal recourse does not exist, so there is no reason for a new law
>> > not
>> > to become effective on the same day it is announced.
>> >
>> > Finally, the Censors have crafted their new edictum in contravention of
>> > the
>> > principles of Roman jurisprudence, in that it is ex post facto in its
>> > action. If there is a Smithus in Nova Roma who was accepted by past
>> > Censors, then I speak in the defense of such a Smithus. The government of
>> > Nova Roma is ethically bound to give full faith and credit the past acts
>> > of
>> > its officers, and citizen Smithus is entitled his status in
>> > perpetuity. The Censors are entitled to set new standards for future
>> > citizenship applications; they are not are entitled to afflict citizens
>> > who
>> > were accepted in good faith according to the laws then extant, and who
>> > have
>> > committed no wrongs.
>> >
>> > The gens Martiana judges this edictum unjust, and considers it nullus.
>> >
>> > Optime vale,
>> > Marcus Martianus Gangalius
>> >
>> > At 12:05 AM 10/24/2005, Qfabiusmaxmi@... wrote:
>>> > >In a message dated 10/23/2005 6:55:32 PM Pacific Daylight Time, writes:
>>> > >I hereby communicate the official position of the gens Martiana regarding
>>> > >the Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis, hereafter referred to as
>> > "the
>>> > >
>>> > >
>>> > >Salve
>>> > >Marti for the Gods' sake.
>>> > >
>>> > >Before you go off half cocked, simply ask the Censors for an exemption,
>>> > >you have the nomen and it was approved by Nova Roma, both legally and
>>> > >religiously seven years
>>> > >ago. Its not like you have Smithus or something.
>>> > >If the Censors don't want to listen, contact the Tribunes. That's what
>>> > >they are there for
>>> > >to limit extreme excesses of magistratal power.
>>> > >
>>> > >Calm down.
>>> > >
>>> > >Bene Vale
>>> > >
>>> > >Fabius
>> >
>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38387 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: A Settlement
Salvete omnes,

My thanks to the recent comments of P. Dominus Antonius.

I spent a half-hour on the phone with the censor Gnaeus Equitius Marinus,
and we have reached an agreement in principle. My thanks to all of you for
your attention to this issue.

Mars nos protegis! Ad Martem!
Marcus Martianus Gangalius
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38388 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
> Salve, M. Martiane Gangali, et salvete, omnes!
>
> Salvete onmes,
>
> The esteemed Aula Tullia Scholastica implies that the Martiani are "not
> adults, not human, or ill." Yes, that is true.
>
> ATS: That, sir, is arrant nonsense. However, the kind of extreme
> emotion-driven behavior which you have exhibited here in your writings
> doesn¹t ordinarily point toward maturity, high levels of education, or good
> mental or physical health. Normally those behaviors occur in children, the
> uneducated, and those who are ill, or at least extremely immature. Secondly,
> what is said about one person cannot be generalized to others, especially
> since, as has been noted here, you cannot speak for your gens, since there is
> no such thing as a paterfamilias gentis any more; you may speak only for
> alieni iuris members of your familia.
>
> I have had no previous contact with you, but happen to work with one or
> two members of your extended family, who have shown no such behaviors; one
> even sought a correction of the nomen, but you refused it. I am glad to see
> that you are indeed an educated man, and have contributed to learning‹but that
> makes your reaction all the more surprising. I wouldn¹t have expected such
> intense remarks from anyone with such qualifications.
>
> This wouldn¹t be the first time, or the last, that someone has had trouble
> understanding me, and/or has blown my remarks all out of proportion. You,
> however, have also done so with the provisions of a simple edict intended to
> guide citizens in their choice of more correct names. Now, perhaps you are
> among those who don¹t care whether things are right or wrong, so long as they
> look good, and seem okay to the unwashed masses, and I am not; if that¹s true,
> there¹s little chance that you will understand me then in any case. I would
> prefer that this debate had not arisen, and hope that I can leave it so that I
> can attend to my students and other more pleasant matters.
>
> Furthermore, there are
> many instances of this in history. In the Soviet Union, many dissidents
> were declared mentally ill and committed to insane asylums. Also, anyone
> that the Nazis wanted to destroy--Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals--were
> labeled "untermenschen," or subhumans.
>
> ATS: This is quite true‹but hardly relevant in NR. Our calm censores are
> not out to label anyone as outlaws, Untermenschen, australopithecines, or
> anything else. They are pointing the way to better, more accurate
> nomenclature. One would think that they had indeed committed some sort of
> pogrom.
>
> A sociopath or a psychopath will
> kill anyone, but for a well-adjusted human being to kill another, he or she
> must first be conditioned to reduce the enemy to a subhuman or an animal.
>
> ATS: I¹m no sociologist, but have studied some sociology; I doubt that
> such a view is necessary in all instances. It may be systematically done to
> prepare soldiers for killing Œthe Hun¹ or whatever, but it seems to me that
> such reduction isn¹t necessary to the likes of serial killers‹not that I would
> call them Œwell-adjusted.¹ Again, however, this is not relevant to the issue
> at hand, or to NR. Of course, maybe we women are more accustomed to changing
> names, for even now the custom of a woman taking a man¹s name at marriage is
> observed, as is that of giving a man¹s name to children, whereas men get to
> keep their own names‹unless they are sold as slaves. I leave the citizens to
> draw their own conclusions about the status of women relative to this matter.
>
> Mars nos protegis!
> Marcus Martianus Gangalius
>
> Minerva mentes rationesque nostras ducat!
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
>
>
>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38389 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
Salve A. Tullia Scholastica,

Your gentility is an example to us all. But now, having reached an
equitable settlement with Marinus, I must turn from this brief diversion to
other matters, which anyone can find attached to my name online. I leave
this field of battle satisfied. Meanwhile, I cede to you the honor of
having the last word on this matter.

Bonus noctis, et bona fortuna.
Marcus Martianus Gangalius

From: "A. Tullia Scholastica" <fororom@...>
Date: Mon Oct 24, 2005 10:19 pm
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
Mutandis flaviaschola...
Offline
Send Email

> Salve, M. Martiane Gangali, et salvete, omnes!
>
> Salvete onmes,
>
> The esteemed Aula Tullia Scholastica implies that the Martiani are "not
> adults, not human, or ill." Yes, that is true.
>
> ATS: That, sir, is arrant nonsense. However, the kind of extreme
> emotion-driven behavior which you have exhibited here in your writings
> doesn¹t ordinarily point toward maturity, high levels of education, or good
> mental or physical health. Normally those behaviors occur in children, the
> uneducated, and those who are ill, or at least extremely immature. Secondly,
> what is said about one person cannot be generalized to others, especially
> since, as has been noted here, you cannot speak for your gens, since
there is
> no such thing as a paterfamilias gentis any more; you may speak only for
> alieni iuris members of your familia.
>
> I have had no previous contact with you, but happen to work with one or
> two members of your extended family, who have shown no such behaviors; one
> even sought a correction of the nomen, but you refused it. I am glad to see
> that you are indeed an educated man, and have contributed to
learning‹but that
> makes your reaction all the more surprising. I wouldn¹t have expected such
> intense remarks from anyone with such qualifications.
>
> This wouldn¹t be the first time, or the last, that someone has had trouble
> understanding me, and/or has blown my remarks all out of proportion. You,
> however, have also done so with the provisions of a simple edict intended to
> guide citizens in their choice of more correct names. Now, perhaps you are
> among those who don¹t care whether things are right or wrong, so long as
they
> look good, and seem okay to the unwashed masses, and I am not; if that¹s
true,
> there¹s little chance that you will understand me then in any case. I would
> prefer that this debate had not arisen, and hope that I can leave it so
that I
> can attend to my students and other more pleasant matters.
>
> Furthermore, there are
> many instances of this in history. In the Soviet Union, many dissidents
> were declared mentally ill and committed to insane asylums. Also, anyone
> that the Nazis wanted to destroy--Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals--were
> labeled "untermenschen," or subhumans.
>
> ATS: This is quite true‹but hardly relevant in NR. Our calm censores are
> not out to label anyone as outlaws, Untermenschen, australopithecines, or
> anything else. They are pointing the way to better, more accurate
> nomenclature. One would think that they had indeed committed some sort of
> pogrom.
>
> A sociopath or a psychopath will
> kill anyone, but for a well-adjusted human being to kill another, he or she
> must first be conditioned to reduce the enemy to a subhuman or an animal.
>
> ATS: I¹m no sociologist, but have studied some sociology; I doubt that
> such a view is necessary in all instances. It may be systematically done to
> prepare soldiers for killing Œthe Hun¹ or whatever, but it seems to me that
> such reduction isn¹t necessary to the likes of serial killers‹not that I
would
> call them Œwell-adjusted.¹ Again, however, this is not relevant to the issue
> at hand, or to NR. Of course, maybe we women are more accustomed to changing
> names, for even now the custom of a woman taking a man¹s name at marriage is
> observed, as is that of giving a man¹s name to children, whereas men get to
> keep their own names‹unless they are sold as slaves. I leave the citizens to
> draw their own conclusions about the status of women relative to this
matter.
>
> Mars nos protegis!
> Marcus Martianus Gangalius
>
> Minerva mentes rationesque nostras ducat!
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38390 From: Domitius Constantinus Fuscus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: DE NOMINIBVS MVTANDIS: a mistake and a request of correction
Salve

I'd like to express in public my regret for what i do consider, as a
tribunus, a mistake of mine.

Before the promulgation of the edictum in question, the Censor came to
the Tribunes asking us comments about it and if that was in any way
against the laws of Nova Roma. Now altho there were a couple of points
I thought might be improved, I personally replied I didn't see
anything "wrong".

Now, by hindsight, I must say I was wrong. The fact the Edictum
impacts gentes that were already formed in Nova Roma escaped me,
probably because I had never heard of Gens Martiana (or other such
named gentes, if there are others) before they sent their protest on
this list. Altho I'm not exactly sure the Edictum can be considered an
ex post fact law, it surely walks a very thin line over the border.

It is also unfortunate that Gens Martiana posted their resolution when
it was already too late for me to place the Veto, because after having
heard their concern, i wold had definitely done it.

My mistake.

Now, legally speaking there's not much I can do. Yet, we are talking
of an Edictum, meaning a resolution that can be changed at will by the
adopting magistrates. therefore, I'd like to publicly plead the
Censores to re-issue the said edictum, providing a safeguard clause
for the gentes that are already present and active in Nova Roma. If
historicity has to be looked at, I'm sure there used to be family
names at the beginning of the republic that sounded archaic and weird
at the majority of roman ears and went eventually lost, but still were
there. I'd like gentes like the Martiana to be considered the archaic
gentes of Nova Roma, I think people who were here at the foundation of
the republic and stayed around since then, when one of our main
problems is people who come and go, deserve that.

I hope the Censores will take this solution under consideration.

valete,

Domitius Constantinus Fuscus

Founder of Gens Constantinia
Tribunus Plebis
Aedilis Urbis Iterum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38391 From: Thomas Gangale Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: DE NOMINIBVS MVTANDIS: a mistake and a request of correction
Salvete omnes,

I thank Domitius Constantinus Fuscus for his words. In addition to archaic
forms of names that may have fallen into disuse and subsequently lost to
history, I think it is also worth considering that history has been written
almost entirely by the privileged classes. To pretend that we have any but
the barest knowledge of the Roman underclass is simply that--a pretense. A
book that makes this point very well is Michael Parenti's "The
Assassination of Julius Caesar," which I highly recommend.

Optime vale,
Marcus Martianus Gangalius
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38392 From: Gaius Licinius Crassus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: A Settlement
Salvete,

And this settlement would be...? I think I speak for
many when I say we await the good news with bated
breath, in hopes that at last this unpleasantness-
from many quarters- will be finished, with all parties
satisfied.

Valete,

G. Licinius Crassus



Salvete omnes,

My thanks to the recent comments of P. Dominus
Antonius.

I spent a half-hour on the phone with the censor
Gnaeus Equitius Marinus,
and we have reached an agreement in principle. My
thanks to all of you for
your attention to this issue.

Mars nos protegis! Ad Martem!
Marcus Martianus Gangalius





__________________________________
Yahoo! FareChase: Search multiple travel sites in one click.
http://farechase.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38393 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: a.d. VIII Kal. Nov.
OSD G. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem VIII Kalendas Novembris; haec dies comitialis est.

"On their arrival in Rome, the senate assembled in the Capitol and
granted them an audience. T. Manlius, the consul, acting on the
instructions of the senate, recommended them not to make war upon the
Samnites, with whom the Romans had a treaty, on which Annius, as
though he were a conquerer who had captured the Capitol by arms
instead of an ambassador protected by the law of nations, said: "It is
about time, Titus Manlius and senators, that you gave up treating us
as though you were our suzerains, when you see the State of Latium
raised by the bounty of the gods to a most flourishing position, both
in population and in military power, the Samnites defeated, the
Sidicines and Campanians in alliance with us, even the Volscians now
making common cause with us, whilst your own colonies actually prefer
the government of Latium to that of Rome. But since you cannot bring
your minds to abandon your impudent claims to sovereignty, we will go
so far, in recognising that we are kindred nations, as to offer peace
upon the conditions of equal rights for both, since it has pleased the
gods to grant equal strength to both; though we are quite able to
assert the independence of Latium by force of arms. One consul must be
elected from Rome, the other from Latium; the senate must contain an
equal number of members from both nations; there must be one nation,
one republic. And in order that there may be one seat of government
and one name for all, since one side or the other must make some
concession, let us, if this City really takes precedence, be all
called Romans."

It so happened that the Romans had in their consul T. Manlius, a man
who was quite as proud and passionate as Annius. He was so enraged as
to declare that if the senate were visited by such madness as to
accept these conditions from a man from Setia, he would come with his
sword drawn into the Senate-house and kill every Latin he found there.
Then turning to the image of Jupiter, he exclaimed: "Hear, O Jupiter,
these abominable words! Hear them, O Justice and Right! Thou, Jupiter,
as though thou hadst been conquered and made captive, art to see in
thy temple foreign consuls and a foreign senate! Were these the terms
of the treaty, Latins, which Tullus, the King of Rome, made with your
fathers of Alba, or which L. Tarquin made with you afterwards? Have
you forgotten the battle at Lake Regillus? Are you so utterly
oblivious of your defeats in the old days and of our kindness towards
you?" This outburst was followed by the indignant protest of the
senate, and it is recorded that whilst on all hands appeals were being
made to the gods, whom the consuls were continually invoking as the
guardians of treaties, the voice of Annius was heard pouring contempt
upon the divine majesty of the Jupiter of Rome. At all events when, in
a storm of passion he was flinging himself out of the vestibule of the
temple, he slipped down the steps and struck his head so heavily
against the bottom step that he became unconscious. The authorities
are not agreed as to whether he was actually killed, and I leave the
question undecided, as also the statement that during the appeals to
the gods to avenge the breach of treaties, a storm burst from the sky
with a terrific roar; for they may either be true or simply invented
as an appropriate representation of the wrath of the gods. Torquatus
was sent by the senate to conduct the envoys away and when he saw
Annius lying on the ground he exclaimed, loud enough to be heard by
the senators and populace alike: 'It is well. The gods have commenced
a just and righteous war! There is a divine power at work; thou, O
Great Jupiter, art here! Not in vain have we consecrated this to be
shine abode, O Father of gods and men! Why do you hesitate, Quirites,
and you, senators, to take up arms when the gods are your leaders? I
will lay the legions of the Latins low, just as you see their envoy
lying here." The consul's words were received by the people with loud
applause and raised them to such a pitch of excitement that when the
envoys took their departure they owed their safety more to the care of
the magistrates who, on the consul's order, accompanied them to
protect them from the attacks of the angry people than to any respect
felt for the law of nations.

War having been decided upon by senate as much as people, the consuls
enrolled two armies and proceeded through the territories of the Marsi
and Paeligni, where they were joined by an army of Samnites. They
fixed their camp at Capua, where the Latins and their allies had
assembled. It is said that whilst they were there each consul had the
same vision in the quiet of the night. A Form greater and more awful
than any human form appeared to them and announced that the commander
of the one army and the army itself on the other side were destined as
a sacrifice to the Dii Manes and to Mother Earth. In whichever army
the commander should have devoted the legions of his enemies and
himself as well to those deities, that army, that people would have
the victory. When the consuls compared these visions of the night
together, they decided that victims should be slain to avert the wrath
of the gods, and further, that if, on inspection, they should portend
the same as the vision had announced, one of the two consuls should
fulfil his destiny. When the answers of the soothsayers after they had
inspected the victims, proved to correspond with their own secret
belief in the vision, they called up the superior officers and told
them to explain publicly to the soldiers what the gods had decreed, in
order that the voluntary death of a consul might not create a panic in
the army. They arranged with each other that when either division
began to give way, the consul in command of it should devote himself
on behalf of the Roman people and the Quirites." The council of war
also decided that if ever any war had been conducted with the strict
enforcement of orders, on this occasion certainly, military discipline
should be brought back to the ancient standard. Their anxiety was
increased by the fact that it was against the Latins that they had to
fight, a people resembling them in language, manners, arms, and
especially in their military organisation. They had been colleagues
and comrades, as soldiers, centurions, and tribunes, often stationed
together in the same posts and side by side in the same maniples. That
this might not prove a source of error and confusion, orders were
given that no one was to leave his post to fight with the enemy." -
Livy, History of Rome 8.5


"Sing, clear-voiced Muse, of Castor and Polydeuces, the Tyndaridae,
who sprang from Olympian Zeus. Beneath the heights fo Taygetus stately
Leda bare them, when the dark-clouded Son of Cronos had privily bent
her to his will." - Homer, Hymn to The Dioscuri XVIII.2.1-4

"Bright-eyed Muses, tell of the Tyndaridae, the Sons of Zeus, glorious
children of neat-ankled Leda, Castor the tamer of horses, and
blameless Polydeuces. When Leda had lain with the dark-clouded Son of
Cronos, she bare them beneath the peak of the great hill Taygetus, --
children who are delivers of men on earth and of swift-going ships
when stormy gales rage over the ruthless sea. Then the shipmen call
upon the sons of great Zeus with vows of white lambs, going to the
forepart of the prow; but the strong wind and the waves of the sea lay
the ship under water, until suddenly these two are seen darting
through the air on tawny wings. Forthwith they allay the blasts of the
cruel winds and still the waves upon the surface of the white sea:
fair signs are they and deliverance from toil. And when the shipmen
see them they are glad and have rest from their pain and labour." -
Homer, Hymn to the Dioscuri XXXIII.2.1-17

"According to tradition, Kastor and Polydeukes, who were also known as
the Dioskouroi, far surpassed all other men in valour and gained the
greatest distinction in the campaign in which they took part with the
Argonauts; and they have come to the aid of many who have stood in
need of succour. And, speaking generally, their manly spirits and
skill as generals, and their justice and piety as well, have won them
fame among practically all men, since they make their appearance as
helpers of those who fall into unexpected perils (that is, they appear
to mariners in storms). Moreover, because of their exceptional valour
they have been judged to be sons of Zeus, and when they departed from
among mankind they attained to immortal honours." - Diodorus Siculus,
Library of History VI.6

"Human experience moreover and general custom have made it a practise
to confer the deification of renown and gratitude upon distinguished
benefactors. This is the origin of Hercules, of Castor and Pollux, of
Aesculapius ... And these benefactors were duly deemed divine, as
being both supremely good and immortal, because their souls survived
and enjoyed eternal life." - Cicero, De Natura Deorum 2.24

" `Tell me the cause of this star sign.' The god's eloquent lips
supplied the cause: `The Tyndarid brothers, the horseman and the
boxer, had raped and kidnapped Phoebe and her sister. Idas and his
brother go to war for their women, to whom they were betrothed by
Leucippus. Love drives one group to recover, one to refuse; the
identical cause makes each pair fight. The Oebalids could have outrun
their pursuers, but it seemed base to win on rapid flight. There is a
treeless place, a spot fit for battle. They took their stand there:
it's name Aphidna. Castor was stabbed in the chest by Lynceus' sword,
and hit the ground wounded and surprised. The avenger Pollux is there
and spears Lynceus where the neck joins and presses the shoulders.
Idas attacked and was barely routed by Jove's fire; but they deny the
lightning disarmed him. The sublime heaven already opened for you,
Pollux, when you said: `Hear my words, father. Divide between two the
heaven reserved for me. Half of the gift will exceed the whole.' He
spoke and ransomed his brother by rotating positions. Both stars
assist troubled ships." - Ovid, Fasti V.697



In ancient Greece, today was held in honor of the Heavenly Twins, the
Dioskouri, Castor and Pollux. The Disocuri were Castor and Polydeuces
(or Pollux), the twin sons of Leda and Zeus and the brothers of Helen
of Troy. Because Zeus came to Leda in the form of a swan, they are
sometimes presented as having been born from an egg. Pollux was a
formidable boxer, and Castor was a great horseman. Together, they were
the "Heavenly Twins," often associated with the constellation Gemini.
Four episodes from their careers are most notable:

1. After Theseus kidnapped their sister Helen and carried her off to
Aphidnae, Castor and Pollux rescued her; they also abducted Theseus'
mother, Aethra.
2. Later, the twins accompanied Jason on the Argo; during the voyage,
Pollux distinguished himself by killing the belligerent king Amycus,
who challenged him to a boxing match.
3. When Peleus attacked and laid waste to Iolcus, in revenge for the
evils done to him by its queen, Astydameia, the Dioscuri assisted him.
4. Castor and Pollux also abducted and married Phoebe and Hilaeira,
the daughters of Leucippus, who were betrothed to the sons of
Aphareus, Idas and Lynceus Castor was killed in the ensuing battle.

Later sources mentioned that Castor was the son of Leda and the mortal
Tyndareus, with whom she was married. This made Castor mortal and
Polydeuces immortal. When Castor died in the battle against the sons
of Aphareus, Polydeuces pleaded with his father Zeus that he and his
brother would not be separated. Zeus granted him that wish on the
condition that the two spend alternate days on Olympus (as gods) and
in Hades (as deceased mortals).

The cult of the Dioscuri was indigenous of Sparta but spread
throughout Greece and later to Italy. They were the protectors of
sailors and were regarded as beneficent deities. On the Peloponnesus
in particular they had many sanctuaries, among which in Sparta and
Mantinea. In Rome their temple was on the Forum Romanum. The
popular belief at Rome, from an early period, seems to have been that
the victory of the Romans at the Battle of Lake Regillus was decided
by supernatural agency. Castor and Pollux, it was said, had fought
armed and mounted, at the head of the legions of the commonwealth, and
had afterwards carried the news of the victory with incredible speed
to the city. The well in the Forum at which they had alighted was
pointed out. Near the well rose their ancient temple. A great festival
was kept to their honor on the Ides of Quintilis, supposed to be the
anniversary of the battle; and on that day sumptuous sacrifices were
offered to them at the public charge. One spot on the margin of Lake
Regillus was regarded during many ages with superstitious awe. A mark,
resembling in shape a horse's hoof, was discernible in the volcanic
rock; and this mark was believed to have been made by one of the
celestial chargers.

In iconography, they were portrayed as young heroes. The archaic art
portrays them in the nude, without beards or attributes, such as on a
metope from the treasury of the Siphnians (Delphi). Greek vases from
the sixth and fifth century B.C. they appear frequently as riders,
clad in a mantle of chiton, such as on an amphora by Execias (ca. 550
B.C.) at the Vatican Museum. A famous theme was the abduction of the
Leucippides, for example on a hydria by Meidias (ca. 400 B.C.). They
also frequently appear on Etruscan mirrors and coins and on Roman
sarcophagi. Well-known too are the four-meter tall statues in front of
the Quirinal in Rome.


Valete bene!

Cato



SOURCES

Livy (http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Liv2His.html),
Dioscuri (http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_dioscuri.htm)
and (http://www.pantheon.org/articles/d/dioscuri.html) and
(http://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/Dioskouroi.html)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38394 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
Salve Gai Licini, et salvete quirites,

Gaius Licinius writes:

[...]

> ... However, there is
> a decision that MUST be made in my view of the current situation. This is,
> in short, whether or not to apply the 'Law' evenly across the board for ALL
> members, old and new- and recently applied- or 'grandfather' those whose
> names exist outside the current Edicts.

That decision has already been made, in no small part by several laws I
promulgated last year when I was Consul. Any citizen whose name was approved
in the past may keep the name that was approved. We will encourage people to
change their names in order to be more historically accurate, but we will not
compel them. It would require a majority vote of the Comitia Centuriata and a
2/3 vote of the senate to do otherwise, since the Comitia Centuriata and the
Senate would have to rescind the constitutional amendment which they
endorsed.

> I ask this in particular because I
> noticed at LEAST one other 'Germanicus' in the Census, and I know HE didn't
> conquer Germany (as was presented to me as an argument against approving MY
> name of Germanicus). However, I believe the other Germanicus is a old
> member of NR, and an elected official, so if an exception is made in that
> respect, the principle should equally apply to those whose names aren't
> 'quite right'- they should be allowed to keep their names as orginally
> approved, but obviously they should also be given the opportunity to
> voluntarily change their name to conform.

I completely agree. That's why we're doing this exactly that way.

> As for the gentes in question, if they are to be restricted they
> should be stricken from the website to avoid any further citizens from
> joining,

We need a lot of work on the website. I think someone else has already
explained about the census just completed, and why a number of gentes had to
be left open and on there. I know that has made things difficult for new
applicants such as yourself. Now that we have a new webmaster, I hope to see
the problems addressed soon.

> and the family line allowed to die out with honor instead of
> making 'outlaws' of them, as seems to be the perception of the members of
> gens Martiana at present.

I think I have that problem cleared up now. Nobody is an outlaw because of
their name, and pre-existing families may continue to grow via either natural
procreation or adoption.

Vale, et valete,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38395 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Salve Romans

This is the most recent list of the 245 citizens who have paid taxes for the year 2758.
If you believe you should be included please drop me a private note and I will investigate.
Please include your Roman and macro name as well as your province and method of payment.

I would like to remind those that have not paid that if you do you get to vote in our upcoming elections,
not to mention helping the Republic pay its bills.

Finally one of our citizens has provided the funds to pay the taxes of one other citizen.
If you know someone who is in need of this help and worthy of it please drop me a private note to that effect.

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
Consular Quaestor


A. Ulleria Machinatrix
Aelius Solaris Marullinus
Alexandria Iulia Agrippa
Alia Equitia Marina
Annia Octavia Indagatrix
Antonius Gryllus Graecus
Appia Claudia Labieni Ursa
Appia Claudia Laterana
Appius Tullius Marcellus Cato
Arnamentia Moravia Aurelia
Aula Arria Carina
Aulus Apollonius Cordus
Aulus Gratius Garseius Avitus
Aulus Iulius Caesar
Aulus Minicius Aelianus
Aulus Minicius Iordannes Pompeianus
Aurelia Iulia Pulchra
C.Minucius Hadrianus
Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus
Caius Arminius Reccanellus
Caius Curius Saturninus
Caius Flavius Diocletianus
Caius Ianus Flaminius
Caius Minucius-Tiberius Scaevola
Claudia Iulia
Clovius Ullerius Ursus
Cynthia Cassia Justicia
Cyrene Gladia Corva Apollinaris
Decimus Antoninius Aquilius
Decimus Gladius Lupus
Decimus Iulius Caesar
Decius Iunius Palladius Invictus
Domitius Constantinus Fuscus
Drusilla Cassia Titiana
Drusilla Ulleria Germanica
Drusus Maxentius Silvanus
Emilia Curia Finnica
Ennia Durmia Gemina
Equestria Iunia Laeca
Fabiana Arminia Metella
Fausta Martiana Gangalia Minervalis
Flavia Lucilla Merula
Flavia Tullia Scholastica
Flavius Vedius Germanicus
Franciscus Apulus Caesar
G. Aurelia Falconis Silvana
G. Cornelius Ahenobarbus
G. Iulius Scaurus
Gaia Fabia Livia
Gaia Flavia Aureliana
Gaia Gladia Oceana
Gaia Iulia Caesaris
Gaia Martiana Gangalia
Gaius Adrianus Sergius
Gaius Ambrosius Artorius Iustinus
Gaius Annaeus Marcellus Regiensis
Gaius Claudius Nero
Gaius Cordius Symmachus
Gaius Equitius Cato
Gaius Equitius Renatus
Gaius Galerius Lupus
Gaius Geminius Germanus
Gaius Iulius Caesar Iulianus Octavianus
Gaius Iulius Iulianus
Gaius Julius Verus Tranquillus
Gaius Marius Aquilius
Gaius Marius Merullus
Gaius Minicius Paullus
Gaius Modius Athanasius
Gaius Moravius Laureatus Armoricus
Gaius Popillius Laenas
Gaius Prometheus Paulinus
Gaius Silvanius Agrippa
Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa
Gallio Velius Marsallas
Gallus Minucius Iovinus
Gift From PCGAUDIALIS
Gn. Scribonius Scriptor
Gnaeus Aelius Baeticus Nebrissensis
Gnaeus Arminius Saturninus
Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus
Gnaeus Equitius Marinius
Gnaeus Iulius Caesar
Gnaeus Iulius Caesar Silvanus
Gnaeus Julius Caesar Cornelianus
Gnaeus Salix Galaicus
Gnaeus Salvius Astur
Gratia Equitia Marina
Hadrianus Arminius Hyacinthus
Helena Galeria
Ianus Minicius Sparsus
Iohannes Moravius Meridius
Irene Afrania Lentula
Iulia Caesaris
Iulius Aemilius Felsinus
Iusta Sempronia Iustina
Julilla Sempronia Magna
Kaeso Arminius Cato
L. Iulia Sabina Severa
Leona Martiana Gangalia
Livia Cornelia Serena
Lucia Ambrosia Apollinaris
Lucia Cassia Silvana
Lucia Valeria Secunda Ianuaria
Lucianus Octavius Romulus
Lucius Aelius Baeticus Murena
Lucius Arminius Cotta
Lucius Arminius Faustus
Lucius Arminius Metellus
Lucius Cassius Pontonius
Lucius Claudius Romulus
Lucius Cornelius Cicero
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Lucius Didius Geminus Sceptius
Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus Augur
Lucius Fabius Verus Pompaelianus
Lucius Fidelius Graecus
Lucius Iulius Sulla
Lucius Minicius Laietanus
Lucius Octavius Severus
Lucius Porticus Brutus
Lucius Rutilius Minervalis
Lucius Sergius Australicus
Lucius Sicinius Drusus
Lucius Vitellius Triarius
M. Gladius Agricola
M. Iulius Severus
M. Octavius Germanicus
M. Prometheus Decius Golia
M.Ambrosius Falco
Magia Ovidia Pythia
Manius Arminius Corbulo
Manius Constantinus Serapio
Manius Iulius Caesar
Marca Hortensia Maior
Marcia Colombia Rex
Marcia Martiana Gangalia Marcella
Marcus Adrianus Complutensis
Marcus Aelius Baeticus Octavianus
Marcus Arminius Maior
Marcus Bianchius Antonius
Marcus Cassius Julianus
Marcus Cassius Philippus
Marcus Cornelius Chilensis
Marcus Cornelius Crassus
Marcus Curius Modius
Marcus Darius Firmitus
Marcus Durmius Sisena
Marcus Flavius Fides
Marcus Flavius Philippus Conservatus
Marcus Iulius Caesar
Marcus Iulius Perusianus
Marcus Iunius Iulianus
Marcus Marcius Rex
Marcus Marius Dumnonicus
Marcus Martianus Gangalius
Marcus Minicius Lupus
Marcus Minucius-Tiberius Audens
Marcus Moravius Piscinus Horatianus
Marcus Quintius Clavus
Marcus Quirinus Sulla
Marcus Vitellius Ligus
Marianus Adrianus Sarus
Mariniara Octavia Pomptina
Maxima Valeria Messallina
Merlinia Ambrosia Artori
Numeria Iulia Caesaris Eugenia
Numerius Gladius Bibulus
Octavianus Titinius
Patricia Cassia
Paulina Gratidia Equitia
Paulla Corva Gaudialis
Petrus Silvius Naso
Philippus Arminius Remus
Pompeia Minucia Tiberia Strabo
Postuma Sempronia Graccha Placidia
Prima Fabia Drusila
Prima Ulleria Gladiatrix
Primus Minicius Octavianus
Publius Aelius Baeticus Pertinax
Publius Arminius Maior
Publius Constantinus Placidus
Publius Flavius Caesar
Publius Iulius Caesar Hibernianus
Publius Memmius Albucius
Publius Porticus Breseus
Publius Rutilius Bardulus Hadrianus
Publius Valerius Secundus Festus
Q. Iulius Probus
Q. Iulius Sabinus Fortunatus
Quintus Arminius Hyacinthus
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Postumianus Pius
Quintus Cassius Calvus
Quintus Equitius Palladius
Quintus Fabius Allectus
Quintus Fabius Maximus
Quintus Iunius Dominicus
Quintus Lanius Paulinus
Quintus Postumius Albinus Maius
Quintus Salix Cantaber Uranicus
Quintus Sevilius Fidenas
Quintus Valerius Callidus
Quintus Valerius Callidus
Rufus Metellus Ahenobarbus
Rufus Metellus Ahenobarbus
S. Ullerius Venator
S.E.M. Troianus
Salvia Sempronia Graccha
Secundus Iulius Caesar Africanus
Servia Adriana Marcella
Servia Iulia Caesaris Metelliana
Servius Labienus Cicero
Sextus Apollonius Scipio
Sextus Arminius Remus
Sextus Iulius Caesar Gallicus
Sextus Lucilius Tutor
Sextus Lucilius Tutor
Sextus Minucius-Tiberius Gallus
Sextus Pilatus Barbatus
Sibylla Ambrosia Fulvia
Spurius Arminius Carus
T. Iulius Sabinus
T. Iulius Sabinus Crassus
Tiberius Ambrosius Quintilianus
Tiberius Arcanus Agricola
Tiberius Arminius Hyacinthus
Tiberius Atilius Bellator
Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
Tiberius Iulius Caesar Caelestis
Tiberius Iulius Caesar Caelestis
Tiberius Minicius Catulus
Titus Flavius Vespasianus
Titus Horatius Atticus
Titus Labienus Fortunatus
Titus Licinius Crassus
Titus Marcius Felix
Titus Minicius Paullus
Titus Octavius Decula
Titus Octavius Decula
Titus Octavius Marcellus
Titus Octavius Pius Ahenobarbus
Titus Octavius Salvius
Vibia Ritulia Enodiaria
Vibia Ulpia Aestiva
Vibius Arminius Corbulus
Vibius Minucius Falco








[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38396 From: paolo Eutimo Scipio Cristiano Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: RE Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis
--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
<gawne@c...> wrote:
>
> Salve Cato,
>
> gaiusequitiuscato <mlcinnyc@y...> writes:
>
> > I urge you to issue a correction to the edict based on the
grammatical
> > error I pointed out earlier,
>
> Cato, amice, this edictum is simply a vehicle for an enabling
process. It is
> utterly non-compulsory. It doesn't require anybody to do
anything. Since
> there's nothing compulsory about it, I don't see any need to re-
issue it over
> a point which is purely a quibble.
>
> [...]
> > 3. no mention of the level of commonality regarding the female
nomina
> > is given, and it might be better to simply drop that line
completely,
> > as it opens up an area of discussion which again undermines what
I
> > believe is your desire to *require* all male and female nomina
to have
> > the prescribed endings.
>
> No, it is not our intention to require any changes in the nomina
of existing
> citizens. This edictum addresses the names of current citizens.
While the
> edictum does provide an enabling process by which current citizens
*MAY*
> elect to change their names to more historically correct names, it
requires
> nothing. Nor would a law requiring people to change their nomina
be
> constitutional.
>
> > To allow the inference that the Martianae should simply leave
because
> > they are angered by what they see as an encroachment upon their
> > self-identification (one which was, for better or worse,
endorsed by
> > the magistrates of the day) unanswered is unworthy of anyone
holding a
> > magistracy or religious office in the Republic. Those who
suggest
> > such action should be ashamed.
>
> Well, we happen to be in agreement. Any suggestion that people
who are upset
> ought to simply leave is counter to the spirit of inclusiveness
that I've
> been trying to foster for five years now.
>
> [...]
> > I am pretty sure that my suggestions are going to be perceived
by many
> > as unnecessary meddling
>
> Since you mention it....
>
> Vale, et valete quirites,
>
> -- Marinus
>



Ave omnes
Eutimo Scipio salutant vos Roman filiis.
I am sorry but my english its horrible! maybe i can start to learn
it.
I live in Italia and i feel honoured to be with your,and you must
to say that you have a soldier Hastatus always start on our order.

THE GODS PROTECT US
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38397 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
G. Equitius Cato Gn. Equitio Marino Censore quiritibusque S.P.D.

Salve et salvete.

Censor, you bring up an interesting point:

"...and pre-existing families may continue to grow via either natural
procreation or adoption."


I had honestly forgotten about adoption; if someone were to be adopted
by a member of the gens Martiana, what would their name become?
Say myself: I'm Gaius Equitius Cato. If I were adopted by the
Martiana, my name would become Gaius Cato Martianianus?

Vale et valete,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38398 From: CN•EQVIT•MARINUS (Gnaeus Equitius Mari Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
Salve Cato, et salvete omnes,

gaiusequitiuscato <mlcinnyc@...> writes:

> I had honestly forgotten about adoption; if someone were to be adopted
> by a member of the gens Martiana, what would their name become?

The sort of adoption I'd been talking about in the post you quoted is the
bringing of new people who are not previously NR citizens into their existing
familia. Those would come in as adult 'children' of those existing familia,
with the nomen and cognomen of the paterfamilias. They would be alieni
iuris, and under the patria potestas of the m/paterfamilias.

> Say myself: I'm Gaius Equitius Cato. If I were adopted by the
> Martiana, my name would become Gaius Cato Martianianus?

Not quite. If you adopted a son of the Martiani, he would be G. Equitius Cato
Martianianus. If you were adopted by M. Martianus Gangalius, you'd become M.
(or whatever initial) Martinus Gangalius Equitianus.

Vale,

-- Marinus

CN•EQVIT•MARINUS
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38399 From: SVM STOICUS Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: DAIMON
Salve,
I want know your opinion .... what is "DAIMON" ? He is spirit, mind ....
Thanks
VALE
Tutor
--
Sextus Lucilius Tutor
Scriba Propraetoris Pannoniae
http://rimskyobcan.ic.cz


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38400 From: David Kling Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Regarding the "Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus
Salve;
From my understanding of adoption you would take the praenomen of the one
who adopted you, or keep your own. You would take their [whomever adopted
you] nomen and cognomen, and you add: Equitianus since you are currently an
Equitia. I'm not sure [forgive me] if Equitianus would be an agnomen or an
additional cognomen, but it would be an addition to your name.
For example, if Marcus Martianus Gangalius adopted you then you would be
either:
Marcus Martianus Gangalius Equitianus or Gaius Martianus Gangalius
Equitianus
Just as I was Gaius Modius Athanaius, and being adopted by Caeso Fabius
Buteo Quintilianus became: Gaius Fabius Buteo Modianus.
Vale;
C. Fabius Buteo Modianus

On 10/25/05, gaiusequitiuscato <mlcinnyc@...> wrote:
>
> G. Equitius Cato Gn. Equitio Marino Censore quiritibusque S.P.D.
>
> Salve et salvete.
>
> Censor, you bring up an interesting point:
>
> "...and pre-existing families may continue to grow via either natural
> procreation or adoption."
>
>
> I had honestly forgotten about adoption; if someone were to be adopted
> by a member of the gens Martiana, what would their name become?
> Say myself: I'm Gaius Equitius Cato. If I were adopted by the
> Martiana, my name would become Gaius Cato Martianianus?
>
> Vale et valete,
>
> Cato
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38401 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Legal issues arising
A. Apollonius omnibus sal.

I'm glad to hear that the particular concerns of M.
Martianus have been resolved to his satisfaction; I
won't therefore comment on his particular case or on
whether the policy embodied in this edictum is a good
or a bad policy (people who know my views on
nomenclature can guess quite easily). But he and C.
Equitius, and to a lesser extent a few others, have
raised some important questions about the legality of
the edictum and the way it fits in with some general
principles of Roman law, and these issues deserve to
be addressed and resolved in public.

First, we need to understand what an edictum is. It is
not a piece of legislation as we in the modern world
understand that term. It is, it's true, classed as a
"legal authority" by our lex constitutiva, but this
term must be understood in the light of general
principles of Roman republican law.

An edictum was, and remains (for there is nothing in
our current body of law which contradicts this), a
statement of policy by a magistrate. It does not in
itself carry any legal force except that which the
magistrate in question possesses. This is why the
edictum of a consul overrules that of a praetor, and
so on: because their legal force derives directly from
the issuing magistrate.

So, an edictum is a statement of policy. That is, it
is a statement by a magistrate about how he intends to
use his magisterial powers. These are powers he
already possesses under the constitution. The edictum
does not create new powers; it merely indicates how he
intends to use his existing powers. Any edictum by
which a magistrate tries to give himself new powers
will simply have no effect.

Now, if a consul issues an edictum saying that it is
forbidden to wear a red hat, what he is really saying
is "I intend to use my imperium to prevent citizens
from wearing red hats". In practice, we imagine that
if he sees a person wearing a red hat he will force
that person to remove the hat, and he may use his
powers to impose summary fines or other penalties
(subject, of course, to the usual constraints such as
provocatio) on those who refuse to remove their red
hats.

It's important to note, however, that he already had
the power to do this before he issued the edictum. The
edictum does not and can not give him any power he did
not already hold. Nor does it suddenly authorize him
to use the power in this particular way: he was
already able to do so. The edictum is merely a piece
of information by which he gives people fair warning
about his future policy. He could, however, choose to
begin his new policy without issuing an edictum: he
could simply go around removing red hats from the
heads of their wearers.

With all this in mind, let's look at the point made by
C. Crassus that the policy set out in this censorial
edictum has actually already been in effect for some
time. I leave the censores to comment on whether this
is true; my point is that it is irrelevant to the
strict legality of any action taken under that policy.
The censores have always had the constitutional power
to approve or reject the names which applicants for
citizenship ask for. Some censores may approve all
names; some may approve ones they like the look of;
some may have rather clearer criteria for making that
decision. Evidently our current censores have
determined their policy, and it includes the decision
not to approve applications to join those gentes whose
nomina they consider unacceptable. If - and let me
stress again that I make no comment on whether it is
true or not - *if* the censores have already been
following this policy for some time before the
publication of this edictum, then they were entirely
within their constitutional powers in doing so. They
are free to apply any policy they wish at any time
they wish, subject to the usual constraints. They are
not obliged by any explicit rule or implicit principle
of law to advertise their policies in advance by means
of edicta. Many previous censores have issued no
edicta stating their policies for the approval of
names, yet they must all necessarily have had *some*
policy, even if it was a policy of approving all names
indiscriminately. The issue of an edictum stating the
policy is not a legal precondition of applying the
policy.

We also see from this, incidentally, that a clerical
error cannot be fatal to an edictum. I would, in fact,
dispute C. Equitius' claim that there has been any
clerical error at all: the phrase "-ius/a" would be
understood by any scholar to mean "-ius or -ia" in the
same way that "p.350-1" would be understood to mean
"p.350 to p.351". It is standard academic practice to
repeat only the part which changes: the rest is
presumed to remain the same. No one would imagine that
"p.350-1" means "from p. 350 to p.1"; similarly no one
would imagine that "-ius/a" means "-ius or -a".
However, even if this were a genuine error, it would
in no way reduce the legal force of the edictum,
because the edictum is merely a statement of intent by
a magistrate. If the magistrate states that he intends
to use his powers in a certain way and then uses them
in a slightly different way, that does not render his
actual use of power illegal or legally void, it merely
tells us that his earlier statement was unhelpful and
misleading.

Next, let's look at the question of retrospective
action. There was in ancient republican law no
particular prohibition on retrospective action, and
indeed some degree of retrospective action is attested
in republican history. Our legal position is made much
clearer by article I.A.3 of our lex constitutiva,
which says:

a. No one shall suffer a penalty for an action which
was not subject to a penalty when the action was
performed. If an action was subject to a penalty when
the action was performed but is no longer subject to
any penalty, no penalty shall be applied for that
action.
b. No one shall suffer a greater penalty for an action
than the penalty which was applicable when the action
was taken. If an action was subject to a penalty when
the action was performed but is now subject to a
lesser penalty, the lesser penalty shall be applicable
for that action.

This is pretty straightforward stuff. It deals with
people suffering penalties for actions. In order for
this article to be relevant, therefore, we need fist
to establish whether we are dealing with (1) a person
who has performed (2) an action and has consequently
suffered (3) a penalty. Does this article therefore
apply here?

Well, do we have (1) a person? C. Equitius asks us to
consider the question, "Does this penalize the gens
Martiana?" (his message of the 24th). Before we
consider the answer to his question, we must answer
the question "Is gens Martiana (or any gens) a person
for the purposes of article I.A.3 of the lex
constitutiva?"; in other words, is a gens a legal
person? The answer must clearly be that it is not.
There is nothing in our law which suggests that a gens
has any corporate identity or is capable of being
recognized as a person by the law. If someone tried to
sue a gens in one of our courts, the praetor would
throw the action out on the ground that a gens is not
a legal person and cannot be sued. Nor does ancient
Roman law recognize gentes as legal persons; indeed it
is a general rule of ancient Roman law that only
natural persons can be legal persons. So when the lex
constitutiva says "No one shall suffer...", meaning
"No legal person shall suffer...", we must admit that
no legal person has suffered, because a gens is not a
legal person.

But let's assume that a gens can, somehow, be a legal
person and can therefore be brought within the scope
of article I.A.3. Or, alternatively, let's assume that
some individual member of the gens in question wishes
to take legal action under that article. Now we move
on to point (2): has this person performed an action?
Here C. Equitius appears to be confused: he rightly
identifies that there must be an action, for he says,
"If the censors refuse to allow any prospective
citizen to choose the name Martiana, then they are, in
fact, commiting a specific act". But he ascribes the
action to the wrong person. Under article I.A.3 we are
talking about a penalty imposed as a result of an act
*by the person who suffers the penalty*: "No one shall
suffer a penalty for an action which was not subject
to a penalty when the action was performed". So the
question is not whether the censores have committed an
act, but rather whether the gens, or some member of
it, has committed an act. Well, again, I cannot find
any act. What is the act for which the gens, or its
member, is allegedly being penalized? It has done
nothing at all.

But again let's be indulgent and imagine that a court
is willing to say that the gens or its member is or is
not being penalized for the act of choosing a certain
name a long time ago. The final question is, "is there
a penalty?". Again, the answer here is clearly
negative. A penalty is a restriction on a right. Whose
rights are being restricted? That of the gens? Well,
first of all a gens is not a legal person and is
incapable of possessing legal rights, but we're
ignoring that for the purposes of the argument. What
supposed right of the gens is being restricted? The
right to admit new members? No, that right remains in
place, merely subject to the proviso that new members
must join an existing domus. The right to continue to
exist? No, that right also continues to exist, because
the existing domus within the gens will not be
interfered with, and it is perfectly possible for
those domus to continue for generations and
generations, indefinitely. What right is being
restricted? Or can we think of some other definition
of a penalty? Well, if we can, let's hear them, but so
far all we have heard is the simple assertion that
this edictum imposes a penalty. Is a penalty defined
as "anything which anyone objects to"? Well, that will
put us in a difficult position, for if A objects to
his nomen being classified as unacceptable, B may
object to the same nomen being classified as
acceptable!

No, there is no legal ground whatsoever on which to
base a claim under article I.A.3 of the lex
constitutiva, and any praetor with any understanding
of law, Roman or otherwise, will throw out any such
claim.

Finally, and rather more importantly, let's look at M.
Martianus' claim that the edictum violates certain
basic principles of Roman law. He writes, for
instance, "the current policy of the Censors of Nova
Roma constitutes an ex post facto law to the
disparagement of the principles of Roman justice".
Well, we have already looked at this one: there is no
principle of Roman justice which prohibits retroactive
legislation (see Lintott, "The Constitution of the
Roman Republic", or any other book on the subject
which you may care to pick up), and indeed retroactive
legislation was known during the republican period. So
the suggestion that retroactive legislation is
contrary to the principles of Roma justice is
incorrect.

He further states that "the current policy... violates
the most basic human right, that of identity, such
right being derived from jus naturale, which is
recognized as a source of law in Roman
jurisprudence". This is a serious argument which
deserves to be addressed in some depth. Now, we must
first be clear that ancient Roman law does not
recognize human rights as such, and that our current
law has so far established no firm position on the
question. However, it is true that the ancient Roman
law recognized jus naturale as a possible source of
legal principle. The exact nature of jus naturale in
Roman jurisprudence is a large question, but I think
most will agree if we define it as "the set of legal
principles which seem to be inherent in the nature of
things". Thus it is in the nature of things that a
tree is attached to, and forms part of, the land on
which it stands, and from this we may derive a legal
principle that when a person buys that land he is
assumed also to buy the tree.

It will be seen that this lends itself to what we
might call a Roman doctrine of human rights. According
to this doctrine the law would recognize as a legal
right any right which seemed to be inherent in the
nature of the human animal. Thus we might say that it
is in the nature of a human being to be free to move:
a human being is designed, as it were, by nature to be
able to move from one place to another, and depends
upon this ability in order to survive in his natural
environment. So we could say that the right of free
movement is a natural right. I am not aware of any
Roman juristic reasoning which actually follows this
path, but it strikes me as reasonably compatible with
Roman jurisprudence.

Could the right of identity be classed as a natural
right in this way? It's a difficult question, but
without thinking too deeply about it I would say that
it could: it is in the nature of a human being that he
is himself and not anyone else. But what sort of right
is this exactly? What does it entitle him to do, or to
be free from? This is, if anything, an even harder
question, but let me try to sketch out a possible
answer: it entitles him to have his identity
recognized (i.e. to be recognized by the law as
himself and not as someone else), and it entitles him
to be free from attempts to interfere with his
identity (i.e. to be free from attempts to make him
into someone he is not).

Let's run with this definition for now. Who, then, is
being said to have a right to identity, and whose
right is allegedly being denied? It seems that M.
Martianus thinks his gens has a right to identity.
This I cannot accept as in any way compatible with
Roman jurisprudence. Roman gentes were never
recognized as having legal personality, and cannot
therefore be said to possess legal rights. Moreover,
if a natural human right is a right which a human
being possesses by virtue of his humantiy, then
clearly a gens cannot possess a human right because it
is not a human being.

But perhaps he means that each individual member of
the gens is having his right of identity denies. This,
if my definition is correct, means either that the
person concerned is not being recognized by the law as
himself or else that the person concerned is being
forced to be someone other than who he is. I cannot
see that the edictum and the policy it states do
either of these things. No one is being required to
change his name, so there can be no assertion that
anyone is trying to interfere with his identity; and
there is no suggestion that a member of that gens will
not be recognized by the law as having his own
identity. I can see no denial of the right of identity
in this policy.

I think I've covered all the legal issues brought up
so far, but if anyone has any others, or if I have
addressed these ones inadequately, I'd be pleased to
talk about it further.



___________________________________________________________
How much free photo storage do you get? Store your holiday
snaps for FREE with Yahoo! Photos http://uk.photos.yahoo.com
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38402 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
---P. Minucia Tiberia Omnibus SPD

Just a gentle clarification if I may, especially for those who may
be fairly new to NR. I appreciate the data contained in this post,
by the way, but I've snipped much of it for brevity.

Those who do not pay taxes do in fact get to vote.

So, I'm afraid the advice that you 'get to vote' if you pay taxes
is a tad misleading.

And yes, I believe one should pay taxes. If you don't pay taxes,
though, your vote is part of the last century or two of voters,
which contains many many many many people who also have chosen not
to pay taxes. So your vote does not carry a whole pile of weight.
If you were a taxpayer,and depending on how long you have been a
citizen and how much civil service you have rendered, you would be
in a century with fewer voters and your vote would carry more weight
within that century. It would be a greater influence in determining
electoral outcomes of the republic.

It is the same with tribal votes. Those who don't pay taxes are in
the few urban tribes with many many many voters who also don't pay
taxes.

Sorry, but I think it is important to make the distinction between a
suggestion that as a taxpayer you 'get to vote' which is misleading,
and 'you can, but it won't carry a whole pile of decision-making
clout'

When taxes were first established as law in 2001, the notion that
caput censi couldn't vote met stern opposition; it was felt that all
Roman citizens (full citizens) have the right to vote. It was
Marcus Octavius Germanicus who cleverly thought of placing
nontaxpayers in the last couple of tribes and centuries...pretty
clever, eh?

Item II, I am not sure how the decision is legally handled regarding
which citizen will receive clemency/waiver of taxpayment thanks to
the generosity of some kind soul who donated another person's
taxes. I don't think it is an arbitrary quaestoral decision. I
think it falls within the purview of the Senate actually, through
the Consuls, but I stand to be corrected on this one as to the exact
procedure.

Valete


In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Timothy P. Gallagher" <spqr753@m...>
wrote:
>
> Salve Romans

(snip)
>
>
>
> I would like to remind those that have not paid that if you do you
get to vote in our upcoming elections,
> not to mention helping the Republic pay its bills.
>
> Finally one of our citizens has provided the funds to pay the
taxes of one other citizen.
> If you know someone who is in need of this help and worthy of it
please drop me a private note to that effect.
>
> Vale
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
> Consular Quaestor
>
>
>(snippage)
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38403 From: Kyrene Ariadne Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: DAIMON
Salve,
Daimon is Greek for spirit, and is often used in reference to the Agathos
Daimon, or "good spirit", which serves as a guardian for individuals and
also families.
It is a Greek religious concept.
Vale,
Cyrene

On 10/25/05, SVM STOICUS <phorus@...> wrote:
>
> Salve,
> I want know your opinion .... what is "DAIMON" ? He is spirit, mind ....
> Thanks
> VALE
> Tutor
> --
> Sextus Lucilius Tutor
> Scriba Propraetoris Pannoniae
> http://rimskyobcan.ic.cz
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
>
>
> SPONSORED LINKS
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--
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* Dadoukhoi http://www.dadoukhoi.org/
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Beloved Pan, and all ye other gods who haunt this place,
make me beautiful within, and grant that what-ever
happens outside of me will help my soul to grow.
May I always be aware that true wealth lies in wisdom,
and may my "gold" be so abundant that only a wise
man can lift and carry it away. For me that is prayer
enough. - Socrates


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38404 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: NR Nation Or NR Club
A. Apollonius Cn. Lentulo omnibusque sal.

Sorry for the delay in my reply! I think we are agreed
in all important respects. I'll only reply to a couple
of points for academic interest.

> I wouldn't say "temporary" 1500 years... and our res
> publica is necessarily another res publica, namely
> the
> former was ceased entirely, with its land, state,
> people, laws, gods, army etc...

The question of the relationship between our res
publica and the ancient one is a very interesting one.
There are various possible views, but the one I favour
is that our republic is the "successor state" of the
ancient republic. In modern international law a
"successor state" is one which takes the place of a
state which has ceased to exist. For example, the
Russian Federation is the successor state of the
U.S.S.R., and, going further back in time, the current
Federal Republic of Germany is the successor state of
the Third Reich. A successor state is treated for the
purposes of international law as the same entity as
its predecessor: thus the Russian Federation assumed
the seat on the U.N. Security Council which had
previously been held by the U.S.S.R., and assumes the
same obligations under treaties, &c. But internally it
is a new state, and the legislation of the previous
state is swept away and no longer has any legal effect
unless explicitly reinstated.

If we adopt this theory, then we might be entitled
under international law to lay claim to political
control of the same territory as our predecessor
state. In fact we have waived this right, since from
its outset our republic has stated very clearly that
it does not claim any particular right to any
particular territory. Nonetheless we may, if
necessary, maintain an in-principle claim to the city
of Rome in order to satisfy any requirement for an
in-principle homeland which you may feel is inherent
in the nature of a Roman republic. It would be a
pretty tenuous and theoretical argument, and I
personally feel no great need for it, but it could be
done. :)

> >>>You say that the existence of a populus doesn't
> automatically mean the existence of a res publica,
> but
> I think this is precisely the implication of
> Cicero's
> definition. "Est igitur res publica res populi",
> says
> he. Therefore if a group of people is a populus, and
> the populus has a res (which I think we may claim to
> have), then that res populi is a res publica. No
> further steps are necessary.<<<
>
> "Est igitur... res publica res populi, populus autem
> non omnis hominum COETUS quoquo modo CONGREGATUS,
> sed
> COETUS multitudinis iuris consensu et utilitatis
> COMMUNIONE SOCIETATUS. Eius autem _prima_ causa
> COEUNDI est, non tam inbecillitas quam naturalis
> quaedam hominum quasi CONGREGATIO."
>
> If you look the whole context, can see that how many
> words suggest that Cicero when he wrote it has
> thought
> populus gathering together in one place. He defines
> res publica as "coetus". "Coetus" is an unambiguous
> word from the verb "coire" "to meet", "to gather
> together" and "congregatio" which means the same,
> "meeting", "assemble", "togetherness in one place".
> He
> adds that this coetus or congregatio is "communione
> societatus". "Communio" "togetherness, common life"
> derives from "con-munire" which means "to close
> round
> with walls", here can be just a metaphora, but also
> an
> expression of togetherness in the same place;
> "societatus" from "societas" "felowship" which also
> indicates that people are together, of course, not
> necessarily.

Indeed, but allow me to point out that my words, which
you quote above, were doing a very particular thing:
they were answering your suggestion that a populus
does not necessarily mean a res publica. I think the
whole quotation from Cicero upholds my statement that
a populus automatically equals a res publica. He says
this very clearly: "Est res publica res populi". What
he goes on to say is that not any old group of people
is a populus. But this is about what consitutes a
populus. He is not saying anything which denies his
original statement that where there *is* a populus,
there too is a res publica.

Now, as for your wider point, I entirely agree that
Cicero clearly assumes that the members of the populus
will be in the same place. All I'm saying is that this
is for practical reasons, not for theoretical reasons.
It is, to him, obvious that they must be in the same
place, so he doesn't bother to say it. But it is
equally obvious that a res publica is a res populi:
it's there in the etymology of the words themselves.
Nonetheless, even though this is obvious, he *does*
bother to say it quite clearly. I think this tells us
that the point about the populus is one which he
regards as fundamentally important; the point about
the togetherness, which he does not bother to state
explicitly, is not fundamentally important to his
point but is merely a practical matter. This is just
my interpretation, of course, but I think it is a
tenable as anything else.

One might also observe that the emphasis on
togetherness is rather less strong than you suggest.
You highlight seven words. The first two are, we must
admit, irrelevant, because they are contained in his
statement about what a populus is *not*, and therefore
they can tell us nothing about what a populus *is*.
This leaves five. One more is "communione", which you
admit "here can be just a metaphora". In fact I would
say that it must be only a metaphor here, for he
cannot possibly be saying "bound... by a
walled-together-ness of interest": the literal meaning
of the word would make no sense at all. Similarly, as
you say "societatus" conveys no necessary implication
of physical proximity, merely a relationship of
friendship or alliance. So now we are down to three
words indicating physical togetherness. These three -
coetus, coeundi, congregatio - do indeed indicate an
assumption of physical proximity, but then again this
assumption is surely merely a practical one. In those
days it was not possible to have the sort of
relationship expressed by these words without being in
the same place. Yet in modern Latin we quite happily
talk about a "grex" (the root, of course, of
"congregatus") existing entirely on the internet - the
Grex Latine Loquentium. We would equally happily talk
about people being "coetus" by e-mail, letter, or
telephone. Changing times change words.

You're quite right to point to the sentence "Ejus
autem prima causa coeundi est non tam inbecillitas
quam naturalis quaedam hominum quasi congregatio" as
the strongest evidence of Cicero's assumption of
physical togetherness. Clearly he, like you and I,
regards physical gathering together as extremely
important to, and indeed even the purpose of, a
populus. But he does not state it as a necessary
ingredient of a populus. His form of words admits the
possibility that a populus might be formed for the
purpose of togetherness but might later cease to be
together and yet remain a populus; or that it might
being to be a populus for the purpose of getting
together and yet not actually succeed in getting
together until after it has been a populus for some
time.

Of course this is all hair-splitting and technical,
but ot my mind it is extremely important that we
establish beyond doubt that we are now, already, even
if only in principle, a res publica, and if
hair-splitting is the only way to achieve that
conclusion then it's worth it! :)



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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38405 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Salve P. Minucia Tiberia

Your point that ALL citizens get "to vote" but that taxpaying citizens have more clout when they do is well taken.
My intent was to encourage the 2200 or so "citizens/member" to pay and help defray the costs of NR.



Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulnus
Consular Quaestor



----- Original Message -----
From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia<mailto:pompeia_minucia_tiberia@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, October 25, 2005 12:16 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758


---P. Minucia Tiberia Omnibus SPD

Just a gentle clarification if I may, especially for those who may
be fairly new to NR. I appreciate the data contained in this post,
by the way, but I've snipped much of it for brevity.

Those who do not pay taxes do in fact get to vote.

So, I'm afraid the advice that you 'get to vote' if you pay taxes
is a tad misleading.

And yes, I believe one should pay taxes. If you don't pay taxes,
though, your vote is part of the last century or two of voters,
which contains many many many many people who also have chosen not
to pay taxes. So your vote does not carry a whole pile of weight.
If you were a taxpayer,and depending on how long you have been a
citizen and how much civil service you have rendered, you would be
in a century with fewer voters and your vote would carry more weight
within that century. It would be a greater influence in determining
electoral outcomes of the republic.

It is the same with tribal votes. Those who don't pay taxes are in
the few urban tribes with many many many voters who also don't pay
taxes.

Sorry, but I think it is important to make the distinction between a
suggestion that as a taxpayer you 'get to vote' which is misleading,
and 'you can, but it won't carry a whole pile of decision-making
clout'

When taxes were first established as law in 2001, the notion that
caput censi couldn't vote met stern opposition; it was felt that all
Roman citizens (full citizens) have the right to vote. It was
Marcus Octavius Germanicus who cleverly thought of placing
nontaxpayers in the last couple of tribes and centuries...pretty
clever, eh?

Item II, I am not sure how the decision is legally handled regarding
which citizen will receive clemency/waiver of taxpayment thanks to
the generosity of some kind soul who donated another person's
taxes. I don't think it is an arbitrary quaestoral decision. I
think it falls within the purview of the Senate actually, through
the Consuls, but I stand to be corrected on this one as to the exact
procedure.

Valete


In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Timothy P. Gallagher" <spqr753@m...>
wrote:
>
> Salve Romans

(snip)
>
>
>
> I would like to remind those that have not paid that if you do you
get to vote in our upcoming elections,
> not to mention helping the Republic pay its bills.
>
> Finally one of our citizens has provided the funds to pay the
taxes of one other citizen.
> If you know someone who is in need of this help and worthy of it
please drop me a private note to that effect.
>
> Vale
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
> Consular Quaestor
>
>
>(snippage)
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>






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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38406 From: Samantha Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Salve,
For some strange reason I had thought I had paid mine in April
before I moved, but apparently not. I found out yesterday that I had
not yet paid them. I will try to get them paid as quickly as
possible, I am just a bit short on money on the moment due to
replacement of furniture, getting a new apartment, and so on. At any
rate I assure that I will get my taxes paid here as soon as I can. I
have not forgotten then, it was an error on my part is all.

Vale
Lucia Modia Lupa

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Timothy P. Gallagher"
<spqr753@m...> wrote:
>
> Salve Romans
>
> This is the most recent list of the 245 citizens who have paid
taxes for the year 2758.
> If you believe you should be included please drop me a private
note and I will investigate.
> Please include your Roman and macro name as well as your province
and method of payment.
>
> I would like to remind those that have not paid that if you do you
get to vote in our upcoming elections,
> not to mention helping the Republic pay its bills.
>
> Finally one of our citizens has provided the funds to pay the
taxes of one other citizen.
> If you know someone who is in need of this help and worthy of it
please drop me a private note to that effect.
>
> Vale
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
> Consular Quaestor
>
>
> A. Ulleria Machinatrix
> Aelius Solaris Marullinus
> Alexandria Iulia Agrippa
> Alia Equitia Marina
> Annia Octavia Indagatrix
> Antonius Gryllus Graecus
> Appia Claudia Labieni Ursa
> Appia Claudia Laterana
> Appius Tullius Marcellus Cato
> Arnamentia Moravia Aurelia
> Aula Arria Carina
> Aulus Apollonius Cordus
> Aulus Gratius Garseius Avitus
> Aulus Iulius Caesar
> Aulus Minicius Aelianus
> Aulus Minicius Iordannes Pompeianus
> Aurelia Iulia Pulchra
> C.Minucius Hadrianus
> Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus
> Caius Arminius Reccanellus
> Caius Curius Saturninus
> Caius Flavius Diocletianus
> Caius Ianus Flaminius
> Caius Minucius-Tiberius Scaevola
> Claudia Iulia
> Clovius Ullerius Ursus
> Cynthia Cassia Justicia
> Cyrene Gladia Corva Apollinaris
> Decimus Antoninius Aquilius
> Decimus Gladius Lupus
> Decimus Iulius Caesar
> Decius Iunius Palladius Invictus
> Domitius Constantinus Fuscus
> Drusilla Cassia Titiana
> Drusilla Ulleria Germanica
> Drusus Maxentius Silvanus
> Emilia Curia Finnica
> Ennia Durmia Gemina
> Equestria Iunia Laeca
> Fabiana Arminia Metella
> Fausta Martiana Gangalia Minervalis
> Flavia Lucilla Merula
> Flavia Tullia Scholastica
> Flavius Vedius Germanicus
> Franciscus Apulus Caesar
> G. Aurelia Falconis Silvana
> G. Cornelius Ahenobarbus
> G. Iulius Scaurus
> Gaia Fabia Livia
> Gaia Flavia Aureliana
> Gaia Gladia Oceana
> Gaia Iulia Caesaris
> Gaia Martiana Gangalia
> Gaius Adrianus Sergius
> Gaius Ambrosius Artorius Iustinus
> Gaius Annaeus Marcellus Regiensis
> Gaius Claudius Nero
> Gaius Cordius Symmachus
> Gaius Equitius Cato
> Gaius Equitius Renatus
> Gaius Galerius Lupus
> Gaius Geminius Germanus
> Gaius Iulius Caesar Iulianus Octavianus
> Gaius Iulius Iulianus
> Gaius Julius Verus Tranquillus
> Gaius Marius Aquilius
> Gaius Marius Merullus
> Gaius Minicius Paullus
> Gaius Modius Athanasius
> Gaius Moravius Laureatus Armoricus
> Gaius Popillius Laenas
> Gaius Prometheus Paulinus
> Gaius Silvanius Agrippa
> Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa
> Gallio Velius Marsallas
> Gallus Minucius Iovinus
> Gift From PCGAUDIALIS
> Gn. Scribonius Scriptor
> Gnaeus Aelius Baeticus Nebrissensis
> Gnaeus Arminius Saturninus
> Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus
> Gnaeus Equitius Marinius
> Gnaeus Iulius Caesar
> Gnaeus Iulius Caesar Silvanus
> Gnaeus Julius Caesar Cornelianus
> Gnaeus Salix Galaicus
> Gnaeus Salvius Astur
> Gratia Equitia Marina
> Hadrianus Arminius Hyacinthus
> Helena Galeria
> Ianus Minicius Sparsus
> Iohannes Moravius Meridius
> Irene Afrania Lentula
> Iulia Caesaris
> Iulius Aemilius Felsinus
> Iusta Sempronia Iustina
> Julilla Sempronia Magna
> Kaeso Arminius Cato
> L. Iulia Sabina Severa
> Leona Martiana Gangalia
> Livia Cornelia Serena
> Lucia Ambrosia Apollinaris
> Lucia Cassia Silvana
> Lucia Valeria Secunda Ianuaria
> Lucianus Octavius Romulus
> Lucius Aelius Baeticus Murena
> Lucius Arminius Cotta
> Lucius Arminius Faustus
> Lucius Arminius Metellus
> Lucius Cassius Pontonius
> Lucius Claudius Romulus
> Lucius Cornelius Cicero
> Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
> Lucius Didius Geminus Sceptius
> Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus Augur
> Lucius Fabius Verus Pompaelianus
> Lucius Fidelius Graecus
> Lucius Iulius Sulla
> Lucius Minicius Laietanus
> Lucius Octavius Severus
> Lucius Porticus Brutus
> Lucius Rutilius Minervalis
> Lucius Sergius Australicus
> Lucius Sicinius Drusus
> Lucius Vitellius Triarius
> M. Gladius Agricola
> M. Iulius Severus
> M. Octavius Germanicus
> M. Prometheus Decius Golia
> M.Ambrosius Falco
> Magia Ovidia Pythia
> Manius Arminius Corbulo
> Manius Constantinus Serapio
> Manius Iulius Caesar
> Marca Hortensia Maior
> Marcia Colombia Rex
> Marcia Martiana Gangalia Marcella
> Marcus Adrianus Complutensis
> Marcus Aelius Baeticus Octavianus
> Marcus Arminius Maior
> Marcus Bianchius Antonius
> Marcus Cassius Julianus
> Marcus Cassius Philippus
> Marcus Cornelius Chilensis
> Marcus Cornelius Crassus
> Marcus Curius Modius
> Marcus Darius Firmitus
> Marcus Durmius Sisena
> Marcus Flavius Fides
> Marcus Flavius Philippus Conservatus
> Marcus Iulius Caesar
> Marcus Iulius Perusianus
> Marcus Iunius Iulianus
> Marcus Marcius Rex
> Marcus Marius Dumnonicus
> Marcus Martianus Gangalius
> Marcus Minicius Lupus
> Marcus Minucius-Tiberius Audens
> Marcus Moravius Piscinus Horatianus
> Marcus Quintius Clavus
> Marcus Quirinus Sulla
> Marcus Vitellius Ligus
> Marianus Adrianus Sarus
> Mariniara Octavia Pomptina
> Maxima Valeria Messallina
> Merlinia Ambrosia Artori
> Numeria Iulia Caesaris Eugenia
> Numerius Gladius Bibulus
> Octavianus Titinius
> Patricia Cassia
> Paulina Gratidia Equitia
> Paulla Corva Gaudialis
> Petrus Silvius Naso
> Philippus Arminius Remus
> Pompeia Minucia Tiberia Strabo
> Postuma Sempronia Graccha Placidia
> Prima Fabia Drusila
> Prima Ulleria Gladiatrix
> Primus Minicius Octavianus
> Publius Aelius Baeticus Pertinax
> Publius Arminius Maior
> Publius Constantinus Placidus
> Publius Flavius Caesar
> Publius Iulius Caesar Hibernianus
> Publius Memmius Albucius
> Publius Porticus Breseus
> Publius Rutilius Bardulus Hadrianus
> Publius Valerius Secundus Festus
> Q. Iulius Probus
> Q. Iulius Sabinus Fortunatus
> Quintus Arminius Hyacinthus
> Quintus Caecilius Metellus Postumianus Pius
> Quintus Cassius Calvus
> Quintus Equitius Palladius
> Quintus Fabius Allectus
> Quintus Fabius Maximus
> Quintus Iunius Dominicus
> Quintus Lanius Paulinus
> Quintus Postumius Albinus Maius
> Quintus Salix Cantaber Uranicus
> Quintus Sevilius Fidenas
> Quintus Valerius Callidus
> Quintus Valerius Callidus
> Rufus Metellus Ahenobarbus
> Rufus Metellus Ahenobarbus
> S. Ullerius Venator
> S.E.M. Troianus
> Salvia Sempronia Graccha
> Secundus Iulius Caesar Africanus
> Servia Adriana Marcella
> Servia Iulia Caesaris Metelliana
> Servius Labienus Cicero
> Sextus Apollonius Scipio
> Sextus Arminius Remus
> Sextus Iulius Caesar Gallicus
> Sextus Lucilius Tutor
> Sextus Lucilius Tutor
> Sextus Minucius-Tiberius Gallus
> Sextus Pilatus Barbatus
> Sibylla Ambrosia Fulvia
> Spurius Arminius Carus
> T. Iulius Sabinus
> T. Iulius Sabinus Crassus
> Tiberius Ambrosius Quintilianus
> Tiberius Arcanus Agricola
> Tiberius Arminius Hyacinthus
> Tiberius Atilius Bellator
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
> Tiberius Iulius Caesar Caelestis
> Tiberius Iulius Caesar Caelestis
> Tiberius Minicius Catulus
> Titus Flavius Vespasianus
> Titus Horatius Atticus
> Titus Labienus Fortunatus
> Titus Licinius Crassus
> Titus Marcius Felix
> Titus Minicius Paullus
> Titus Octavius Decula
> Titus Octavius Decula
> Titus Octavius Marcellus
> Titus Octavius Pius Ahenobarbus
> Titus Octavius Salvius
> Vibia Ritulia Enodiaria
> Vibia Ulpia Aestiva
> Vibius Arminius Corbulus
> Vibius Minucius Falco
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38407 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
G. Equitius Cato A. Apollonio Cordo omnibusque S.P.D.

Salve et salvete.

Cordus, a couple of notes on your exposition :-)

You wrote:

"So, an edictum is a statement of policy. That is, it is a statement
by a magistrate about how he intends to use his magisterial powers.
These are powers he already possesses under the constitution. The
edictum does not create new powers; it merely indicates how he
intends to use his existing powers."


However true this may have been in the ancient Republic, under our
Constitution this is not the case. The Constitution says:

"Legal precedence. This Constitution shall be the highest legal
authority within Nova Roma, apart from edicts issued by a legally
appointed dictator. It shall thereafter be followed in legal authority
by edicta issued by consuls acting under the Senatus consulta ultima,
laws properly voted and passed by one of the comitia, decreta passed
by the collegium pontificum, decreta passed by the collegium augurum,
Senatus consulta, and magisterial edicta (in order of descending
authority as described in section IV of this Constitution), in that
order." (I.B)

There is nothing in the Constitution which differentiates between the
edicta of a magistrate and any other kind of legal instrument present
in our Republic. It is classified exactly as a law passed in a
comitia, and so appears to be as binding as that law; in fact, it is
included in the specific order of precedence pertaining to
legally-binding items. So it is *not*, under our Constitution, simply
a "statement of policy by a magistrate".

You might say that your reasoning is the foundation for the
re-issuance of edicta from year to year, with various magistrates
confirming the edicta pronounced by their predecessors; that might be
true, but according to the letter of the Constitution, there is no
need to do so, as the edicta are considered law.

If there is any lex which alters this state of affairs, it simply does
not apply, as it contradicts the letter of the Constitution, which has
the "highest legal authority", with the power to "limit the authority
of all magistrates and bodies, and all leges (laws) passed by the
comitia, decreta (decrees) of the priestly collegia, magisterial
edicta (edicts) and Senatus consulta" in the Republic, and it says:
"Should a lower authority conflict with a higher authority, the higher
authority shall take precedence." Once again, the Constitution trumps
all. The Constitution ranks edicta with laws passed by the comitia,
and nothing can change that --- except an amendment to the Constitution.


Vale et valete,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38408 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
-- Salvete Galerius Paulinus Quaestor et Omnes!

You wrote, Tiberi Galeri




(snip)
>
> Salve P. Minucia Tiberia
>
> Your point that ALL citizens get "to vote" but that taxpaying
citizens have more clout when they do is well taken.

Pompeia: With respect Quaestor, you may want to reread what I did
write. I didn't write that. Because I know that 'all' citizens do
not get to vote. The constitution of Nova Roma does not actually
guarantee the right to vote until one is 18.

I am merely clarifying that taxpayment or nontaxpayment doesn't
influence the opportunity to vote in itself, although I too, wish
that more of us would pay taxes, and congratulate the citizens who
do.



(snip)
Gratias
Pompeia
>
>
>
> Vale
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulnus
> Consular Quaestor
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From:
pompeia_minucia_tiberia<mailto:pompeia_minucia_tiberia@y...>
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Tuesday, October 25, 2005 12:16 PM
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
>
>
> ---P. Minucia Tiberia Omnibus SPD
>
> Just a gentle clarification if I may, especially for those who
may
> be fairly new to NR. I appreciate the data contained in this
post,
> by the way, but I've snipped much of it for brevity.
>
> Those who do not pay taxes do in fact get to vote.
>
> So, I'm afraid the advice that you 'get to vote' if you pay
taxes
> is a tad misleading.
>
> And yes, I believe one should pay taxes. If you don't pay taxes,
> though, your vote is part of the last century or two of voters,
> which contains many many many many people who also have chosen
not
> to pay taxes. So your vote does not carry a whole pile of
weight.
> If you were a taxpayer,and depending on how long you have been a
> citizen and how much civil service you have rendered, you would
be
> in a century with fewer voters and your vote would carry more
weight
> within that century. It would be a greater influence in
determining
> electoral outcomes of the republic.
>
> It is the same with tribal votes. Those who don't pay taxes are
in
> the few urban tribes with many many many voters who also don't
pay
> taxes.
>
> Sorry, but I think it is important to make the distinction
between a
> suggestion that as a taxpayer you 'get to vote' which is
misleading,
> and 'you can, but it won't carry a whole pile of decision-making
> clout'
>
> When taxes were first established as law in 2001, the notion
that
> caput censi couldn't vote met stern opposition; it was felt that
all
> Roman citizens (full citizens) have the right to vote. It was
> Marcus Octavius Germanicus who cleverly thought of placing
> nontaxpayers in the last couple of tribes and centuries...pretty
> clever, eh?
>
> Item II, I am not sure how the decision is legally handled
regarding
> which citizen will receive clemency/waiver of taxpayment thanks
to
> the generosity of some kind soul who donated another person's
> taxes. I don't think it is an arbitrary quaestoral decision. I
> think it falls within the purview of the Senate actually,
through
> the Consuls, but I stand to be corrected on this one as to the
exact
> procedure.
>
> Valete
>
>
> In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Timothy P. Gallagher"
<spqr753@m...>
> wrote:
> >
> > Salve Romans
>
> (snip)
> >
> >
> >
> > I would like to remind those that have not paid that if you do
you
> get to vote in our upcoming elections,
> > not to mention helping the Republic pay its bills.
> >
> > Finally one of our citizens has provided the funds to pay the
> taxes of one other citizen.
> > If you know someone who is in need of this help and worthy of
it
> please drop me a private note to that effect.
> >
> > Vale
> >
> > Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
> > Consular Quaestor
> >
> >
> >(snippage)
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>
>
>
>
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38409 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
A. Apollonius C. Equitio omnibusque sal.

> You wrote:
>
> "So, an edictum is a statement of policy. That is,
> it is a statement
> by a magistrate about how he intends to use his
> magisterial powers.
> These are powers he already possesses under the
> constitution. The
> edictum does not create new powers; it merely
> indicates how he
> intends to use his existing powers."
>
>
> However true this may have been in the ancient
> Republic, under our
> Constitution this is not the case. The Constitution
> says:
>
> "Legal precedence. This Constitution shall be the
> highest legal
> authority within Nova Roma, apart from edicts issued
> by a legally
> appointed dictator. It shall thereafter be followed
> in legal authority
> by edicta issued by consuls acting under the Senatus
> consulta ultima,
> laws properly voted and passed by one of the
> comitia, decreta passed
> by the collegium pontificum, decreta passed by the
> collegium augurum,
> Senatus consulta, and magisterial edicta (in order
> of descending
> authority as described in section IV of this
> Constitution), in that
> order." (I.B)

I already alluded to this briefly in my original
remarks, but let me expand on it here. What the lex
constitutiva (I call it that to avoid confusion with
the constitution, which is the entire system of
principles regulating the government of the republic)
says here is that edicta have "legal authority". Yes,
indeed they have. They have the legal authority of the
issuing magistrate. No more and no less. And the
reason they have that legal authority is not that they
in themselves have it but that they are an expression
of the legal authority of the magistrate in question,
just as a senatus consultum is a legal authority only
by virtue of the fact that it is issued by the senate
and a lex has legal authority only by virtue of the
fact that it is issued by the populus.

> There is nothing in the Constitution which
> differentiates between the
> edicta of a magistrate and any other kind of legal
> instrument present
> in our Republic. It is classified exactly as a law
> passed in a
> comitia, and so appears to be as binding as that
> law; in fact, it is
> included in the specific order of precedence
> pertaining to
> legally-binding items. So it is *not*, under our
> Constitution, simply
> a "statement of policy by a magistrate".

Well actually there's plenty in the lex constitutiva
which differentiates between an edictum and a lex. It
says that an edictum can be issued by a magistrate,
whereas a lex cannot; and a lex can be issued by the
comitia, whereas an edictum cannot. They are not
merely different levels of legislation but entirely
different types of thing. No one, reading the lex
constitutiva, would come away with the impression that
an edictum is really a type of lex, or that a senatus
consultum is really a type of decretum pontificum.
They are qualitatively different things. They are all
grouped together under the heading "legal authority",
but this tells us nothing more than that they all
carry legal authority. This does not in any way
prevent each type of instrument form having its own
particular qualities, and indeed it is clear from the
lex constitutiva that each type indeed has its own
particular qualities.

We are then left to inquire what these particular
qualities are in each case. Some of thsoe qualities
are laid out clearly in the lex constitutiva itself,
others in other leges, and so on. But there is nowhere
any suggestion that edicta, leges, and so on cannot
posses qualities which are not specified in this way.
Where the quality of one of these instruments is
unclear, we thus fall back on the ancient Roman
understanding of the thing. And here we have the
notion of an edictum as a statement of policy.

You and I have agreed on many past occasions that
where ancient Roman legal principles are compatible
with our modern written body of law, the former ought
to be considered valid rules of our law. There is no
incompatibility here, however hard you look for it;
nor, frankly, should you even be looking for it in the
first place, for it seems to me that wherever possible
we should strive to *make* our legal system and that
of the ancient republic as compatible as possible by
reading the one in the light of the other.

We should begin form the assumption that the drafters
of the lex constitutiva intended to do precisely what
they said they intended to do: "to exist, in all
manners practical and acceptable, as the modern
restoration of the ancient Roman Republic". This means
that we must assume, where there is no explicit
statement to the contrary, that they intended our
constitution to follow the ancient one. They may have
understood the ancient constitution imperfectly and so
expressed themselves with less than ideal clarity;
they may have understood it but nonetheless found it
difficult to set down clearly in words. But we know
very well that where they deliberately and knowingly
departed from ancient practice they said so quite
clearly and unambiguously. Where there is no such
clear and unambiguous statement, therefore, we must
assume that they intended no departure, and we must
read their statements in that light. I can detect no
reason whatsoever for considering that the drafters of
the lex constitutiva intended edicta to be understood
as anything other than what they were in ancient times.



___________________________________________________________
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38410 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: two new laws
Salve Romans

As the end of the year approaches and elections will be commencing soon
I would like to suggest that a magistrate that can introduce legislation consider two new laws.

The first one is rather simple in that it would state that ALL magistrates elected to office
must pay their taxes for their year in office within 14 days of taking the oath of office.
Failure to do so will cause the office to be declared vacant.

Or a law that requires that ALL candidates for office pay their taxes for the
following year in order to stand for office Either one will prevent any repeat of this years problems.

As every citizen knows I believe that the Nova Roman constitution states
that when a magistrate resigns it takes effect immediately.
Others have a different view and while we can agree to disagree
I hope we all can agree that a final determination needs to be made.

We need A clear unambivalent law that states that when a Magistrate resigns it takes
effect immediately once posted to any Nova Roma list
or that they have a grace period of ???? days. One or the other.

Respectfully

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38411 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Salve

Even when you acknowledge that someone has made a valid point they still nick pick.


Whatever!!!!


Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
----- Original Message -----
From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia<mailto:pompeia_minucia_tiberia@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, October 25, 2005 2:41 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758


-- Salvete Galerius Paulinus Quaestor et Omnes!

You wrote, Tiberi Galeri




(snip)
>
> Salve P. Minucia Tiberia
>
> Your point that ALL citizens get "to vote" but that taxpaying
citizens have more clout when they do is well taken.

Pompeia: With respect Quaestor, you may want to reread what I did
write. I didn't write that. Because I know that 'all' citizens do
not get to vote. The constitution of Nova Roma does not actually
guarantee the right to vote until one is 18.

I am merely clarifying that taxpayment or nontaxpayment doesn't
influence the opportunity to vote in itself, although I too, wish
that more of us would pay taxes, and congratulate the citizens who
do.



(snip)
Gratias
Pompeia
>
>
>
> Vale
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulnus
> Consular Quaestor
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From:
pompeia_minucia_tiberia<mailto:pompeia_minucia_tiberia@y...>
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Tuesday, October 25, 2005 12:16 PM
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
>
>
> ---P. Minucia Tiberia Omnibus SPD
>
> Just a gentle clarification if I may, especially for those who
may
> be fairly new to NR. I appreciate the data contained in this
post,
> by the way, but I've snipped much of it for brevity.
>
> Those who do not pay taxes do in fact get to vote.
>
> So, I'm afraid the advice that you 'get to vote' if you pay
taxes
> is a tad misleading.
>
> And yes, I believe one should pay taxes. If you don't pay taxes,
> though, your vote is part of the last century or two of voters,
> which contains many many many many people who also have chosen
not
> to pay taxes. So your vote does not carry a whole pile of
weight.
> If you were a taxpayer,and depending on how long you have been a
> citizen and how much civil service you have rendered, you would
be
> in a century with fewer voters and your vote would carry more
weight
> within that century. It would be a greater influence in
determining
> electoral outcomes of the republic.
>
> It is the same with tribal votes. Those who don't pay taxes are
in
> the few urban tribes with many many many voters who also don't
pay
> taxes.
>
> Sorry, but I think it is important to make the distinction
between a
> suggestion that as a taxpayer you 'get to vote' which is
misleading,
> and 'you can, but it won't carry a whole pile of decision-making
> clout'
>
> When taxes were first established as law in 2001, the notion
that
> caput censi couldn't vote met stern opposition; it was felt that
all
> Roman citizens (full citizens) have the right to vote. It was
> Marcus Octavius Germanicus who cleverly thought of placing
> nontaxpayers in the last couple of tribes and centuries...pretty
> clever, eh?
>
> Item II, I am not sure how the decision is legally handled
regarding
> which citizen will receive clemency/waiver of taxpayment thanks
to
> the generosity of some kind soul who donated another person's
> taxes. I don't think it is an arbitrary quaestoral decision. I
> think it falls within the purview of the Senate actually,
through
> the Consuls, but I stand to be corrected on this one as to the
exact
> procedure.
>
> Valete
>
>
> In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Timothy P. Gallagher"
<spqr753@m...>
> wrote:
> >
> > Salve Romans
>
> (snip)
> >
> >
> >
> > I would like to remind those that have not paid that if you do
you
> get to vote in our upcoming elections,
> > not to mention helping the Republic pay its bills.
> >
> > Finally one of our citizens has provided the funds to pay the
> taxes of one other citizen.
> > If you know someone who is in need of this help and worthy of
it
> please drop me a private note to that effect.
> >
> > Vale
> >
> > Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
> > Consular Quaestor
> >
> >
> >(snippage)
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>
>
>
>
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38412 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
> The first one is rather simple in that it would state that ALL
magistrates elected to office
> must pay their taxes for their year in office within 14 days of
taking the oath of office.
> Failure to do so will cause the office to be declared vacant.
>
> Or a law that requires that ALL candidates for office pay their
taxes for the
> following year in order to stand for office Either one will
prevent any repeat of this years problems.
>
Salve amice,

What boerish lout of a barbarian would be late paying taxes after
the good citizens put him or her in office?... may I look up now?

Ok, one thing I would like to see is if we can somehow set up a
direct visa, mastercard or Amex payment system. As I mentioned on a
few of my posts over the last year, I have had problems with Paypal
and could never change out my credit card from Amex to visa or MC. I
get into a loop which always sends me back, asking questions to my
questions like a Hibernian. Furthermore I get dozens and fradulent
letters from Paypal / Ebay, which are related companies each week
with official looking logos saying they need to re-enter my data etc
which is internet fraud of course.

Based on that, I send money orders, special delivery in US funds but
it does seem to take 2 or 3 weeks tp process. Hopefully my idea will
be considered.

Regards,

Quintus Lanius Paulinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38413 From: Benjamin A. Okopnik Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Salve, Tiberius Galerius Paulinus; salvete, omnes.

On Tue, Oct 25, 2005 at 02:59:18PM -0400, Timothy P. Gallagher wrote:
> Salve Romans
>
> As the end of the year approaches and elections will be commencing soon
> I would like to suggest that a magistrate that can introduce legislation consider two new laws.
>
> The first one is rather simple in that it would state that ALL magistrates elected to office
> must pay their taxes for their year in office within 14 days of taking the oath of office.
> Failure to do so will cause the office to be declared vacant.

I'm not sure that I understand what the purpose of this law would be.
Considered in a certain light, it seems like you're attempting to
transplant a business method into a volunteer organization (something
that is usually fraught with problems and often attended by disaster):
"if you don't do X, we're going to punish you!" Please consider who it
is that would be "punished" as a result: would it be the magistrate who
forgot or neglected to pay? Or would it be the people of Nova Roma?

A magistrate is someone who has volunteered their time - and considering
many of the people who hold magistracies today, time out of their very
busy schedules, time for which they would otherwise be well paid. My
perception is that, in almost all cases, _not_ having to carry that load
would make their lives easier; surrendering the position would not be a
punishment.

The people of Nova Roma, however, are a different matter entirely. With
every magistrate removed from their position, we are suddenly put on
hold with regard to the functions that they were performing; the other
magistrates now have to coordinate times, dates, availability, and other
factors to hold yet another election - this, of course, assumes that
somebody can be found to volunteer for this position (somebody qualified
_and_ has a perfect memory.)

Is this, in other words, anything that would benefit Nova Roma? In my
opinion, the answer is clearly "no".


Vale et valete,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum.
Let him who wishes for peace prepare for war.
-- Vegetius. Also quoted "si vis pacem, para bellum" - if you desire peace, prepare
for war.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38414 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
G. Equitius Cato A Apollonio Cordo omnibusque S.P.D.

Salve et salvete.

Interesting. I'm not sure what the British equivalen might be, but
here in the U.S. there are two general camps of constitutional
thought: the "strict Constitutionalists" and the "broad
Constitutionalists". I believe that you are on the "broad" side, and
I am on the "strict" side.

What this means is that I come from the understanding that, no matter
how reasonable or well-thought out, no matter how sensible or
seemingly self-evident, nothing may substitute itself for the actual
wording of the Constitution (although for our purposes in this case, I
agree that it might be best to refer to it as the "lex constitutiva").

What I see you doing is creating a legal construct regarding a
dividing line between edicta an leges from comitia, etc. --- one that
simply does not exist in a strict reading of the lex constitutiva.

You say that edicta have the "authority of the issuing magistrate",
and the way you structure the foundation for that statement is quite
simple and elegant --- and it is an apparently perfectly logical
conclusion. But the lex constitutiva does not afford you that
conclusion; it makes no such distinction between the efficacy of legal
standing other than simply ranking them by order of precedence.

Nor does the lex constitutiva afford you the liberty to decide *why*
exactly any kind of legal authority exists --- where you say it exists
because "they are an expression of the legal authority of the
magistrate in question", the lex constitutiva simply says that these
legal authorities do exist, crowned by...itself. It does not say that
a lex passed in comitia is authoritative because the People have given
it authority; it simply says that the various comitia are given the
power to "enact laws binding upon the entire citizenry".

Now, there seems to be a single noted difference between the general
body of law and edicta: where it says that edicta are issued by the
various magistrates when "necessary to carry out those tasks in which
they are mandated by this Constitution and the law to engage" --- but
then it states that these edicta are "binding" (the exact same word
used as when referring to the general set of leges and the lex
constitutiva) upon "themselves as well as others", unfortunately a
fairly useless phrase.

So, I would disagree that "it is clear from the lex constitutiva that
each type indeed has its own particular qualities", as the qualities
ascribed to one, other than their source, are identical to the other
in effect. While these legal instruments might come from different
places, they are all "binding", and are only differentiated by rank.

It is a mirror of the contemporary ranking (in the U.S.) of Federal,
State, and local laws: promulgated by different ranks of authority yet
binding upon all who stand within their respective spheres of
influence. Unlike this example, however, our leges and dicta are not
constrained by physical locale; they encompass the whole of the Republic.

Vale et valete,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38415 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
G. Equitius Cato Q. Lanio Paulino quiritibusque S.P.D.

Salve et salvete.


> Ok, one thing I would like to see is if we can somehow set up a
> direct visa, mastercard or Amex payment system. As I mentioned on a
> few of my posts over the last year, I have had problems with Paypal
> and could never change out my credit card from Amex to visa or MC. I
> get into a loop which always sends me back, asking questions to my
> questions like a Hibernian.

CATO: I agree entirely. Mostly because I continually forget what my
password is for PayPal :-)

Vale et valete,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38416 From: Gaius Licinius Crassus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
Salvete!

As this naming issue seems to have been resolved, I will make no further comment on it. However, to A. Appolonius Cordus I will simply say WOW. Let me repeat that- WOW. My compliments on the work you put into your exposition; even if there are objections to portions of it amongst the populace, no one can deny it is an examplary piece of study.

Vale, et valete,

G. Licinius Crassus


"A. Apollonius Cordus" <a_apollonius_cordus@...> wrote:
A. Apollonius omnibus sal.

I'm glad to hear that the particular concerns of M.
Martianus have been resolved to his satisfaction; I
won't therefore comment on his particular case or on
whether the policy embodied in this edictum is a good
or a bad policy (people who know my views on
nomenclature can guess quite easily). But he and C.
Equitius, and to a lesser extent a few others, have
raised some important questions about the legality of
the edictum and the way it fits in with some general
principles of Roman law, and these issues deserve to
be addressed and resolved in public.

First, we need to understand what an edictum is. It is
not a piece of legislation as we in the modern world
understand that term. It is, it's true, classed as a
"legal authority" by our lex constitutiva, but this
term must be understood in the light of general
principles of Roman republican law.

An edictum was, and remains (for there is nothing in
our current body of law which contradicts this), a
statement of policy by a magistrate. It does not in
itself carry any legal force except that which the
magistrate in question possesses. This is why the
edictum of a consul overrules that of a praetor, and
so on: because their legal force derives directly from
the issuing magistrate.

So, an edictum is a statement of policy. That is, it
is a statement by a magistrate about how he intends to
use his magisterial powers. These are powers he
already possesses under the constitution. The edictum
does not create new powers; it merely indicates how he
intends to use his existing powers. Any edictum by
which a magistrate tries to give himself new powers
will simply have no effect.

Now, if a consul issues an edictum saying that it is
forbidden to wear a red hat, what he is really saying
is "I intend to use my imperium to prevent citizens
from wearing red hats". In practice, we imagine that
if he sees a person wearing a red hat he will force
that person to remove the hat, and he may use his
powers to impose summary fines or other penalties
(subject, of course, to the usual constraints such as
provocatio) on those who refuse to remove their red
hats.

It's important to note, however, that he already had
the power to do this before he issued the edictum. The
edictum does not and can not give him any power he did
not already hold. Nor does it suddenly authorize him
to use the power in this particular way: he was
already able to do so. The edictum is merely a piece
of information by which he gives people fair warning
about his future policy. He could, however, choose to
begin his new policy without issuing an edictum: he
could simply go around removing red hats from the
heads of their wearers.

With all this in mind, let's look at the point made by
C. Crassus that the policy set out in this censorial
edictum has actually already been in effect for some
time. I leave the censores to comment on whether this
is true; my point is that it is irrelevant to the
strict legality of any action taken under that policy.
The censores have always had the constitutional power
to approve or reject the names which applicants for
citizenship ask for. Some censores may approve all
names; some may approve ones they like the look of;
some may have rather clearer criteria for making that
decision. Evidently our current censores have
determined their policy, and it includes the decision
not to approve applications to join those gentes whose
nomina they consider unacceptable. If - and let me
stress again that I make no comment on whether it is
true or not - *if* the censores have already been
following this policy for some time before the
publication of this edictum, then they were entirely
within their constitutional powers in doing so. They
are free to apply any policy they wish at any time
they wish, subject to the usual constraints. They are
not obliged by any explicit rule or implicit principle
of law to advertise their policies in advance by means
of edicta. Many previous censores have issued no
edicta stating their policies for the approval of
names, yet they must all necessarily have had *some*
policy, even if it was a policy of approving all names
indiscriminately. The issue of an edictum stating the
policy is not a legal precondition of applying the
policy.

We also see from this, incidentally, that a clerical
error cannot be fatal to an edictum. I would, in fact,
dispute C. Equitius' claim that there has been any
clerical error at all: the phrase "-ius/a" would be
understood by any scholar to mean "-ius or -ia" in the
same way that "p.350-1" would be understood to mean
"p.350 to p.351". It is standard academic practice to
repeat only the part which changes: the rest is
presumed to remain the same. No one would imagine that
"p.350-1" means "from p. 350 to p.1"; similarly no one
would imagine that "-ius/a" means "-ius or -a".
However, even if this were a genuine error, it would
in no way reduce the legal force of the edictum,
because the edictum is merely a statement of intent by
a magistrate. If the magistrate states that he intends
to use his powers in a certain way and then uses them
in a slightly different way, that does not render his
actual use of power illegal or legally void, it merely
tells us that his earlier statement was unhelpful and
misleading.

Next, let's look at the question of retrospective
action. There was in ancient republican law no
particular prohibition on retrospective action, and
indeed some degree of retrospective action is attested
in republican history. Our legal position is made much
clearer by article I.A.3 of our lex constitutiva,
which says:

a. No one shall suffer a penalty for an action which
was not subject to a penalty when the action was
performed. If an action was subject to a penalty when
the action was performed but is no longer subject to
any penalty, no penalty shall be applied for that
action.
b. No one shall suffer a greater penalty for an action
than the penalty which was applicable when the action
was taken. If an action was subject to a penalty when
the action was performed but is now subject to a
lesser penalty, the lesser penalty shall be applicable
for that action.

This is pretty straightforward stuff. It deals with
people suffering penalties for actions. In order for
this article to be relevant, therefore, we need fist
to establish whether we are dealing with (1) a person
who has performed (2) an action and has consequently
suffered (3) a penalty. Does this article therefore
apply here?

Well, do we have (1) a person? C. Equitius asks us to
consider the question, "Does this penalize the gens
Martiana?" (his message of the 24th). Before we
consider the answer to his question, we must answer
the question "Is gens Martiana (or any gens) a person
for the purposes of article I.A.3 of the lex
constitutiva?"; in other words, is a gens a legal
person? The answer must clearly be that it is not.
There is nothing in our law which suggests that a gens
has any corporate identity or is capable of being
recognized as a person by the law. If someone tried to
sue a gens in one of our courts, the praetor would
throw the action out on the ground that a gens is not
a legal person and cannot be sued. Nor does ancient
Roman law recognize gentes as legal persons; indeed it
is a general rule of ancient Roman law that only
natural persons can be legal persons. So when the lex
constitutiva says "No one shall suffer...", meaning
"No legal person shall suffer...", we must admit that
no legal person has suffered, because a gens is not a
legal person.

But let's assume that a gens can, somehow, be a legal
person and can therefore be brought within the scope
of article I.A.3. Or, alternatively, let's assume that
some individual member of the gens in question wishes
to take legal action under that article. Now we move
on to point (2): has this person performed an action?
Here C. Equitius appears to be confused: he rightly
identifies that there must be an action, for he says,
"If the censors refuse to allow any prospective
citizen to choose the name Martiana, then they are, in
fact, commiting a specific act". But he ascribes the
action to the wrong person. Under article I.A.3 we are
talking about a penalty imposed as a result of an act
*by the person who suffers the penalty*: "No one shall
suffer a penalty for an action which was not subject
to a penalty when the action was performed". So the
question is not whether the censores have committed an
act, but rather whether the gens, or some member of
it, has committed an act. Well, again, I cannot find
any act. What is the act for which the gens, or its
member, is allegedly being penalized? It has done
nothing at all.

But again let's be indulgent and imagine that a court
is willing to say that the gens or its member is or is
not being penalized for the act of choosing a certain
name a long time ago. The final question is, "is there
a penalty?". Again, the answer here is clearly
negative. A penalty is a restriction on a right. Whose
rights are being restricted? That of the gens? Well,
first of all a gens is not a legal person and is
incapable of possessing legal rights, but we're
ignoring that for the purposes of the argument. What
supposed right of the gens is being restricted? The
right to admit new members? No, that right remains in
place, merely subject to the proviso that new members
must join an existing domus. The right to continue to
exist? No, that right also continues to exist, because
the existing domus within the gens will not be
interfered with, and it is perfectly possible for
those domus to continue for generations and
generations, indefinitely. What right is being
restricted? Or can we think of some other definition
of a penalty? Well, if we can, let's hear them, but so
far all we have heard is the simple assertion that
this edictum imposes a penalty. Is a penalty defined
as "anything which anyone objects to"? Well, that will
put us in a difficult position, for if A objects to
his nomen being classified as unacceptable, B may
object to the same nomen being classified as
acceptable!

No, there is no legal ground whatsoever on which to
base a claim under article I.A.3 of the lex
constitutiva, and any praetor with any understanding
of law, Roman or otherwise, will throw out any such
claim.

Finally, and rather more importantly, let's look at M.
Martianus' claim that the edictum violates certain
basic principles of Roman law. He writes, for
instance, "the current policy of the Censors of Nova
Roma constitutes an ex post facto law to the
disparagement of the principles of Roman justice".
Well, we have already looked at this one: there is no
principle of Roman justice which prohibits retroactive
legislation (see Lintott, "The Constitution of the
Roman Republic", or any other book on the subject
which you may care to pick up), and indeed retroactive
legislation was known during the republican period. So
the suggestion that retroactive legislation is
contrary to the principles of Roma justice is
incorrect.

He further states that "the current policy... violates
the most basic human right, that of identity, such
right being derived from jus naturale, which is
recognized as a source of law in Roman
jurisprudence". This is a serious argument which
deserves to be addressed in some depth. Now, we must
first be clear that ancient Roman law does not
recognize human rights as such, and that our current
law has so far established no firm position on the
question. However, it is true that the ancient Roman
law recognized jus naturale as a possible source of
legal principle. The exact nature of jus naturale in
Roman jurisprudence is a large question, but I think
most will agree if we define it as "the set of legal
principles which seem to be inherent in the nature of
things". Thus it is in the nature of things that a
tree is attached to, and forms part of, the land on
which it stands, and from this we may derive a legal
principle that when a person buys that land he is
assumed also to buy the tree.

It will be seen that this lends itself to what we
might call a Roman doctrine of human rights. According
to this doctrine the law would recognize as a legal
right any right which seemed to be inherent in the
nature of the human animal. Thus we might say that it
is in the nature of a human being to be free to move:
a human being is designed, as it were, by nature to be
able to move from one place to another, and depends
upon this ability in order to survive in his natural
environment. So we could say that the right of free
movement is a natural right. I am not aware of any
Roman juristic reasoning which actually follows this
path, but it strikes me as reasonably compatible with
Roman jurisprudence.

Could the right of identity be classed as a natural
right in this way? It's a difficult question, but
without thinking too deeply about it I would say that
it could: it is in the nature of a human being that he
is himself and not anyone else. But what sort of right
is this exactly? What does it entitle him to do, or to
be free from? This is, if anything, an even harder
question, but let me try to sketch out a possible
answer: it entitles him to have his identity
recognized (i.e. to be recognized by the law as
himself and not as someone else), and it entitles him
to be free from attempts to interfere with his
identity (i.e. to be free from attempts to make him
into someone he is not).

Let's run with this definition for now. Who, then, is
being said to have a right to identity, and whose
right is allegedly being denied? It seems that M.
Martianus thinks his gens has a right to identity.
This I cannot accept as in any way compatible with
Roman jurisprudence. Roman gentes were never
recognized as having legal personality, and cannot
therefore be said to possess legal rights. Moreover,
if a natural human right is a right which a human
being possesses by virtue of his humantiy, then
clearly a gens cannot possess a human right because it
is not a human being.

But perhaps he means that each individual member of
the gens is having his right of identity denies. This,
if my definition is correct, means either that the
person concerned is not being recognized by the law as
himself or else that the person concerned is being
forced to be someone other than who he is. I cannot
see that the edictum and the policy it states do
either of these things. No one is being required to
change his name, so there can be no assertion that
anyone is trying to interfere with his identity; and
there is no suggestion that a member of that gens will
not be recognized by the law as having his own
identity. I can see no denial of the right of identity
in this policy.

I think I've covered all the legal issues brought up
so far, but if anyone has any others, or if I have
addressed these ones inadequately, I'd be pleased to
talk about it further.



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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38417 From: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: NR Nation Or NR Club
Lentulus Cordo suo salutem:

Thank you for this interesting discussion.
We agree at the main points and it's the most
important. I am a bit more radical than you,
especially regarding to the land-question, but agreed.
We really can declare we have a good conclusion and we
could come to know both our standpoints one another.
My English is not a good one and it's difficult to me
to express my thoughts in your language but I feel we
understood each other. Let us say, in principle, we
are a Roman republic - my dream is: may we be (after a
long evolution) in practice, too!

Valete, tu, et omnes tui!
CN COR LENTULUS PROPR



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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38419 From: Lucius Iulius Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Ludi Victoriae Sullanae open
AVETE CIVES NOVAROMANI!

I, Lucius Iulius Sulla, Senior Aedilis Curulis, hereby solemny
declare Ludi Victoriae Sullanae of year 2758 a.U.c. open!

We will start with a sacer prayer from our honourable Civis and
Senator Patricia Cassia, dedicated to Victoria and these Ludi:

With head covered I stand before the altar of Victoria, having
cleansed myself in preparation for offering:

Victoria, you who give glory in war, you who inspire the soldier to
valor, you who protect our armies and our lands, as it is right and
proper this day to make offering to you, so do I offer you this wine.

May you be honored by this offering, that our homes, our children,
our farms and our cities may be safe, that our warriors be brave and
swift, that our commanders be wise and fortunate, that their
advisors be honorable and their knowledge true. May you be honored,
that our warriors' horses and engines of battle be swift and sure in
their purpose. May you be honored, that those who reap the glories
of your victory be those who have fought not to magnify themselves,
but to do honor to their gods, their families and their nation.

Victoria, for all the glories of Roma Antiqua do I give thanks. With
this offering, noble Goddess, I ask your blessings on those of Nova
Roma who undertake military duty, whether on land or by sea. Let
their bravery and service be given due honor by those whom they
protect.

Victoria, that you may be honored we offer you these games. If any
win glory here, if any find delight in the entertainment, let them
honor you as well!

Illicet! So be it!


VALETE ET GAUDITE!
L IUL SULLA
Aedilis Curulis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38420 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
G. Equitius Cato Ti. Galerio Paulino quiritibusque S.P.D.

Salve et salvete.

Pauline, you know that I wholeheartedly agree with you regarding the
resignation question :-)

I do not, however, see the usefulness of a kind of "forced march" to
the tax-collectors when it comes to magistracies. There already
exists a mechanism by which those who delay paying their taxes are
"punished", as it were. I think that that suffices. The Treasury is
not in mortal danger, and the psychological pressure to pay up "or
else" on someone who is giving their time to the Republic seems a bit
harsh.

As for a lex regarding resignations, I think it is important to
instead amend the Constitution itself, as it is the highest authority
in the Republic and, as we all know too well, is a somewhat difficult
document to decipher at times, especially when questions of
Constitution vs. lex come into play.

Where the Constitution says "An office becomes vacant if the
magistrate resigns or dies." (VI), I suggest we amend it by addition
to read:

"An office becomes vacant if the magistrate resigns or dies.
Resignation is considered effective immediately upon publication by
any means of mass communication within the Republic, or upon report of
receipt of a notice of resignation by any magistrate."

The general gist is that:

1. Any magistrate who resigns on a public List in the Republic is
considered as having resigned immediately.

2. If someone is not sure, or has any question about their own intent
whatsoever, they can send a letter of resignation to any other
magistrate, with the instructions to HOLD IT for any specified length
of time they wish, effectively granting them the power to create their
own "grace period" so to speak. It would also give the magistrate in
question the leeway to choose to deal with someone with whom he or she
felt comfortable.

For example, if I was angry or had some kind of serious problem
macronationally, I could write to you, saying, "Paulinus, I am having
a difficult time. Two weeks from today, unless I have informed you
differently, please publish my resignation from my magistracy." You
would then wait the two weeks, and publish my resignation as
instructed if necessary.

There is probably a better way to phrase what I am trying to get at,
but that's my idea.

Vale et valete,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38421 From: Lucius Iulius Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Religious Celebrations of Ludi Victoriae Sullanae
AVETE CIVES

Here follows the description of the religious ceremony that opens
Ludi Victoriae Sullanae. A special thank to Titus Iulius Sabinus and
my Dacian friends:


Lucius Iulius Sulla, in front of his Cohors, garbed in toga
praetexta, cinctu Gabino, capite velato.


PRAEFATIO

Curulis Aedilis Lucius Iulius Sulla ordered silentium :

Those who know themselves to be impure are asked to leave.

Hoc agete!. "Give your attention to this!"

Procul, o procul, este profane!

"Far away, be gone, you who are profane, far from here."


Before the altar is purified Lucius Iulius Sulla performing the
ritual washes his hands in new, fresh water 3 times and pray

Haec aqua a corpore impuritates eluat, ut pluvial terra purgat!

"May my body be purified by this water, as the earth is purified by
rain."

Lucius Iulius Sulla begins cleaning and purifying the altar: The
surface is cleaned with vervain and the area around the altar is
aspersed with pure water. After that fresh water is spread over it.
White and red wooden filets are set round the altar.

The fire is lit on the altar and Lucius Iulius Sulla prays to
Goddess Vesta:

"Goddess Vesta may you watch over this sacred fire."

The Goddess is offered milk.


POMPA

A pompa is ordered and the vessels are brought to the altar.


INVOCATIO

Di Testores are called to witness the ritual:

Lucius Iulius Sulla:

"Iuno, hail to you Goddess! Thou art the empress of this world
sitting above us all and watching over us. Goddess of the soft rains
that make all things grow, without your caress nature wouldn't be so
rich. Oh, Iuno , come and watch over this ritual, bring your smile
upon Nova Roma and Nova Romani.

The Goddess is offered milk and honey. The milk is poured from the
patera onto the sacred fire.

Lucius Iulius Sulla:

"Mars, Powerful God may you watch over all Nova Romani and end all
wrath that may come upon us. Witness this rite and may the strength
of thy weapons protect our cives! Bless our Ludi!"

The God is offered wine and honey.

Incense is offered for Iuno and Mars:

"Iuno and Mars, honour us and witness this rite!


SACRIFICATIO

Lucius Iulius Sulla:

"Iupiter, Father of this World we come in front of you with our
hearts open and by this ritual we seek to honour you. Hear our
prayer and honor this rite with your presence. As many times before
accept the offerings and bless our Cives! Your lightening rules the
firmament of this world and everything knows your great power and
force. Accept our libations and send upon us your kind thoughts.
May you grant our cives a rich and peaceful life!"

Laurel incense is offered to Iupiter.

"Iupiter, Father of this World we come in front of you with our
hearts open and by this ritual we seek to honour you.
Hear our prayer and honor this rite with your presence. As many
times before accept the offerings and bless our Ludi! Your
lightening rules the firmament of this world and everything knows
your great power and force. Accept our libations and send upon us
your kind thoughts. May you grant our cives a rich and peaceful
life!"

Laurel incense and wine is offered to Iupiter.

The wine is poured with the right hand on the altar fire.

"Iupiter, we called you today to ask for your blessings. Shining God
of the Heavens let your most kind thoughts fall upon us. Show mercy
for the souls of our ancestors and look favorably upon us."

"Hail ,Goddess Victoria, always smiling upon the mortal souls!
Listen to our call and accept these offerings. In the memory of our
great ancestors, in the memory of the Roman Victory, accept this
ritual and always show yourself to us beautiful and gentle. I pray
to You for the spirits of the ancestors, may they be always honored"

Rose incense is offered to the Goddess. Wine is poured onto the
sacred fire.


LITATIO

"I offer this incense for Vesta, Iuno and Mars in thanks for
attending this rite. May you always watch over all Nova Roma and
those attending this rite today!"

Wine and honey are poured on the sacred fire.

Incense is offered once more for all the deities collectively.

Lucius Iulius Sulla:

"Iuppiter, we thank You for the kindness that You have shown. Accept
our offerings and grant us a serene existence."

"Goddess Victoria , bless us and give us chances in contests and
always show yourself kind and understanding of our efforts !

Wine and honey is offered once more.

Nil amplius vos hodie posco,superi,satis est.

"No more, Gods on High, do I ask of You today; it is enough."

PERLITATIO

Lucius Iulius Sulla waits for a sign from the Gods in order to see
if the offerings were accepted.


VALETE
L IUL SULLA
Aedilis Curulis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38422 From: FAC Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Salve Pauline,

laws are yet ready about this two affair and they will be proposed
to the Comitia by me in November.

vale
fr. apulus caesar
senior consul



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Timothy P. Gallagher"
<spqr753@m...> wrote:
>
> Salve Romans
>
> As the end of the year approaches and elections will be commencing
soon
> I would like to suggest that a magistrate that can introduce
legislation consider two new laws.
>
> The first one is rather simple in that it would state that ALL
magistrates elected to office
> must pay their taxes for their year in office within 14 days of
taking the oath of office.
> Failure to do so will cause the office to be declared vacant.
>
> Or a law that requires that ALL candidates for office pay their
taxes for the
> following year in order to stand for office Either one will
prevent any repeat of this years problems.
>
> As every citizen knows I believe that the Nova Roman constitution
states
> that when a magistrate resigns it takes effect immediately.
> Others have a different view and while we can agree to disagree
> I hope we all can agree that a final determination needs to be
made.
>
> We need A clear unambivalent law that states that when a
Magistrate resigns it takes
> effect immediately once posted to any Nova Roma list
> or that they have a grace period of ???? days. One or the other.
>
> Respectfully
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38423 From: Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Salve Cai Menuci Scaevola,

Actually I hadn't thought about your point of view to this point but
now that you brought it up,it is certainly a valid one. I know that
in my macro country your income tax and returns must be payed an in
order to be eligible when you run for civic, provincial or federal
politics so if you are running for election in February 2005 your
taxes must be up to date for April 30, 2004, not April 30, 2005. I
suppose if the election is June or July 2005, then your return for
April 30 would be the norm.

The difference as you surmized is that the macro politictions are
payed from $50,000 a year on the civic level to $140,000 on the
federal level. Here magistrates are working and are available for
free and as you indicate and it is much harder to kick ass in a
volunteer type organization (I belong to a few and the situations
are similar when the members of the boards forget to pay their
membership)) than in a business or payed civil servant organization.

Certainly magistrates should set an example with regard to tax
payments but perhaps having some sort of punishment option may not
be apt. All in all I'll sure have to think hard on this one if it is
discussed further or put to a vote.

Regards,

QLP





> > Salve Romans
> >
> > As the end of the year approaches and elections will be
commencing soon
> > I would like to suggest that a magistrate that can introduce
legislation consider two new laws.
> >
> > The first one is rather simple in that it would state that ALL
magistrates elected to office
> > must pay their taxes for their year in office within 14 days of
taking the oath of office.
> > Failure to do so will cause the office to be declared vacant.
>
> I'm not sure that I understand what the purpose of this law would
be.
> Considered in a certain light, it seems like you're attempting to
> transplant a business method into a volunteer organization
(something
> that is usually fraught with problems and often attended by
disaster):
> "if you don't do X, we're going to punish you!" Please consider
who it
> is that would be "punished" as a result: would it be the
magistrate who
> forgot or neglected to pay? Or would it be the people of Nova Roma?
>
> A magistrate is someone who has volunteered their time - and
considering
> many of the people who hold magistracies today, time out of their
very
> busy schedules, time for which they would otherwise be well paid.
My
> perception is that, in almost all cases, _not_ having to carry
that load
> would make their lives easier; surrendering the position would not
be a
> punishment.
>
> The people of Nova Roma, however, are a different matter entirely.
With
> every magistrate removed from their position, we are suddenly put
on
> hold with regard to the functions that they were performing; the
other
> magistrates now have to coordinate times, dates, availability, and
other
> factors to hold yet another election - this, of course, assumes
that
> somebody can be found to volunteer for this position (somebody
qualified
> _and_ has a perfect memory.)
>
> Is this, in other words, anything that would benefit Nova Roma? In
my
> opinion, the answer is clearly "no".
>
>
> Vale et valete,
> Caius Minucius Scaevola
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
=-
> Qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum.
> Let him who wishes for peace prepare for war.
> -- Vegetius. Also quoted "si vis pacem, para bellum" - if you
desire peace, prepare
> for war.
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38424 From: Titus Iulius Sabinus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Ludi Victoriae Sullanae
SALVETE !

For more details about the Ludi Victoriae Sullanae program, please
visit our cohors web site :

http://www.cohorssullana.grafosystem.ro

VALETE,
Cohors Sullana.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38425 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Salve Caius Minucius Scaevola

Thank you for engaging in the debate on this issue.

The reasons I have suggest this action is that at one time this year a large number of elected officials had missed the deadline for the payment of taxes. Payment of taxes is a requirement to stand for and remain in office. If candidates paid before an election or new magistrate paid within a short period of taking the oath we would not lurch from crisis to crisis as we often do. A lex adopted now that requires either payment to stand for office or requires payment just after election will keep in front of our new Magistrates one of the primary duties as a citizen. The paying of taxes.

As to our being a volunteer organization I agree that we are but I have been a member of many volunteer groups and just for membership you are expected to pay a fee of some amount. The citizens who stand for and are elected to office are required to be taxpayers when they stand and while they serve. We are simply asking that a clear date earlier that that of the general population establish that states that this will be done sooner as opposed to later. One could make an augment that as long as one paid their taxes by December 31 of the year for which they are elected to serve one would fulfill the letter of our current laws but absolutely not the sprit in which they were written.

Lastly requiring that an elected official do something earlier than that of the general population is not a penalty but a condition on which your service depends.



Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus

----- Original Message -----
From: Benjamin A. Okopnik<mailto:ben@...>
To: Nova-Roma<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, October 25, 2005 6:31 PM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] two new laws


Salve, Tiberius Galerius Paulinus; salvete, omnes.

On Tue, Oct 25, 2005 at 02:59:18PM -0400, Timothy P. Gallagher wrote:
> Salve Romans
>
> As the end of the year approaches and elections will be commencing soon
> I would like to suggest that a magistrate that can introduce legislation consider two new laws.
>
> The first one is rather simple in that it would state that ALL magistrates elected to office
> must pay their taxes for their year in office within 14 days of taking the oath of office.
> Failure to do so will cause the office to be declared vacant.

I'm not sure that I understand what the purpose of this law would be.
Considered in a certain light, it seems like you're attempting to
transplant a business method into a volunteer organization (something
that is usually fraught with problems and often attended by disaster):
"if you don't do X, we're going to punish you!" Please consider who it
is that would be "punished" as a result: would it be the magistrate who
forgot or neglected to pay? Or would it be the people of Nova Roma?

A magistrate is someone who has volunteered their time - and considering
many of the people who hold magistracies today, time out of their very
busy schedules, time for which they would otherwise be well paid. My
perception is that, in almost all cases, _not_ having to carry that load
would make their lives easier; surrendering the position would not be a
punishment.

The people of Nova Roma, however, are a different matter entirely. With
every magistrate removed from their position, we are suddenly put on
hold with regard to the functions that they were performing; the other
magistrates now have to coordinate times, dates, availability, and other
factors to hold yet another election - this, of course, assumes that
somebody can be found to volunteer for this position (somebody qualified
_and_ has a perfect memory.)

Is this, in other words, anything that would benefit Nova Roma? In my
opinion, the answer is clearly "no".


Vale et valete,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum.
Let him who wishes for peace prepare for war.
-- Vegetius. Also quoted "si vis pacem, para bellum" - if you desire peace, prepare
for war.


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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38426 From: Stefn Ullarsson Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Valetudo quod fortuna,

On 10/25/05, Timothy P. Gallagher <spqr753@...> wrote:
> Salve
>
> Even when you acknowledge that someone has made a valid point
> they still nick pick.
>
> [excision]
>

"nit" pick... ;-)

In amicus sub felicitas - Venii
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38427 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: two new laws
Salve Tiberi Galeri, et salvete quirites,

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus proposed two laws:

> The first one is rather simple in that it would state that
> ALL magistrates elected to office must pay their taxes for
> their year in office within 14 days of taking the oath of office.
> Failure to do so will cause the office to be declared vacant.

I appreciate why you want this, but it is fraught with problems in terms
of Roman law and practice. (I also note the objections raised by others
already, which are more practical ones.) Once magistrates are elected
and invested with their office, it is literally a sacred trust.
Especially in the case of those magistracies which hold imperium, the
magistrates have been placed into a position of special religious
standing by the Lex de Imperio of the Comitia Curiata. That binding
traditionally could only be broken by the death of the holder of
imperium. While I regret that not all of our curule magistrates have
respected the deep significance of their imperium, the fact remains that
our laws should be consistent with it.

Now, I have no objection at all to requiring pre-payment of the next
year's taxes by those who would candidate for office. In fact, I think
that's the sort of thing Consul Caesar intends to present to the Comitia
Centuriata very soon. But we can't have laws that remove magistrates
once they have been invested with their office.

> Or a law that requires that ALL candidates for office pay their taxes for the
> following year in order to stand for office

Yes. That.

> As every citizen knows I believe that the Nova Roman constitution states
> that when a magistrate resigns it takes effect immediately.
> Others have a different view and while we can agree to disagree
> I hope we all can agree that a final determination needs to be made.

My considered opinion goes beyond that. I consider statements of
resignation to be largely meaningless except as evidence of magesterial
maladministration. In Roma antiqua a magistrate who felt that he had to
relinquish the duties of his office placed the matter to the comitia
that had elected him, asking them to approve his request to step down
and to elect a successor.

Unfortunately, we have a great many people who see things otherwise, and
suppose that they can ethically resign at any time for any reason.

Again, Consul Caesar says that he has something to place before the
comitia, and I look forward to seeing it.

Vale, et valete,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38428 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758
Salve


Funny very Funny
----- Original Message -----
From: Stefn Ullarsson<mailto:catamountgrange@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, October 25, 2005 9:15 PM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: Taxpayers as of October 25, 2758


Valetudo quod fortuna,

On 10/25/05, Timothy P. Gallagher <spqr753@...<mailto:spqr753@...>> wrote:
> Salve
>
> Even when you acknowledge that someone has made a valid point
> they still nick pick.
>
> [excision]
>

"nit" pick... ;-)

In amicus sub felicitas - Venii


SPONSORED LINKS Ancient history<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Ancient+history&w1=Ancient+history&w2=Fall+of+the+roman+empire&w3=The+fall+of+the+roman+empire&w4=Roman+empire&c=4&s=103&.sig=fjrrfWGmNj-9VzE29-5RqQ> Fall of the roman empire<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Fall+of+the+roman+empire&w1=Ancient+history&w2=Fall+of+the+roman+empire&w3=The+fall+of+the+roman+empire&w4=Roman+empire&c=4&s=103&.sig=o-616ER_E9HbAgY7S7bgGA> The fall of the roman empire<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=The+fall+of+the+roman+empire&w1=Ancient+history&w2=Fall+of+the+roman+empire&w3=The+fall+of+the+roman+empire&w4=Roman+empire&c=4&s=103&.sig=3ssQInnLWGqC1FVNATfGNQ>
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38429 From: jerichomyles2002 Date: 2005-10-25
Subject: New Member
Omnibus S.P.D. Quintus Gratius Acacius

S.V.B.E.E.V.

As a new member of NR I would like to introduce myself to all. I currently live in Chicago,
IL, having lived in IL for almost my entire life. I am looking forward to speaking and
potentially meeting some of you. I know my journey thru life in NR will be a unique
experience that I look forward too.

Di vos incolumes custodiant,

Q. Gratius Acacius
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38430 From: pompeia_minucia_tiberia Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: New Member
---Quinte Grati Acaci Salutem!

Welcome to the republic amice!

Pompeia Minucia Tiberia Strabo
(Po for short)


In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "jerichomyles2002"
<jerichomyles2002@y...> wrote:
>
> Omnibus S.P.D. Quintus Gratius Acacius
>
> S.V.B.E.E.V.
>
> As a new member of NR I would like to introduce myself to all. I
currently live in Chicago,
> IL, having lived in IL for almost my entire life. I am looking
forward to speaking and
> potentially meeting some of you. I know my journey thru life in
NR will be a unique
> experience that I look forward too.
>
> Di vos incolumes custodiant,
>
> Q. Gratius Acacius
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38431 From: Benjamin A. Okopnik Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: two new laws
Salve, Quintus Lanius Paulinus!

On Tue, Oct 25, 2005 at 11:27:51PM -0000, Quintus Lanius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) wrote:
> Salve Cai Menuci Scaevola,
>
> Actually I hadn't thought about your point of view to this point but
> now that you brought it up,it is certainly a valid one.

[ snip ]

> The difference as you surmized is that the macro politictions are
> payed from $50,000 a year on the civic level to $140,000 on the
> federal level. Here magistrates are working and are available for
> free and as you indicate and it is much harder to kick ass in a
> volunteer type organization

Actually, that's the very heart of the matter as I see it. In a
volunteer organization, it's way too *easy* to kick ass; effective
leadership and the means of motivating the existing members and
attracting new ones is far, far more difficult. I suppose that's why the
first response is much more common. :)


Vale,
Caius Minucius Scaevola
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Vulnerant omnes, ultima necat.
All of them wound, the last one kills.
-- In reference to the hours; old inscription found on clocks
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38432 From: David Kling Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: New Member
C. Fabius Buteo Modianus Q. Gratio Acacio salutem dicit
Welcome to Nova Roma! I'm sure your experience will be unique, it is
different for everyone!
Good to have you!
C. Modianus

On 10/25/05, jerichomyles2002 <jerichomyles2002@...> wrote:
>
> Omnibus S.P.D. Quintus Gratius Acacius
>
> S.V.B.E.E.V.
>
> As a new member of NR I would like to introduce myself to all. I currently
> live in Chicago,
> IL, having lived in IL for almost my entire life. I am looking forward to
> speaking and
> potentially meeting some of you. I know my journey thru life in NR will be
> a unique
> experience that I look forward too.
>
> Di vos incolumes custodiant,
>
> Q. Gratius Acacius
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38433 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: New Member
Salve Q. Gratius Acacius

Welcome to Nova Roma! I hope you enjoy your next 40-50 years with us.

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus

----- Original Message -----
From: David Kling<mailto:tau.athanasios@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, October 26, 2005 6:09 AM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] New Member


C. Fabius Buteo Modianus Q. Gratio Acacio salutem dicit
Welcome to Nova Roma! I'm sure your experience will be unique, it is
different for everyone!
Good to have you!
C. Modianus

On 10/25/05, jerichomyles2002 <jerichomyles2002@...<mailto:jerichomyles2002@...>> wrote:
>
> Omnibus S.P.D. Quintus Gratius Acacius
>
> S.V.B.E.E.V.
>
> As a new member of NR I would like to introduce myself to all. I currently
> live in Chicago,
> IL, having lived in IL for almost my entire life. I am looking forward to
> speaking and
> potentially meeting some of you. I know my journey thru life in NR will be
> a unique
> experience that I look forward too.
>
> Di vos incolumes custodiant,
>
> Q. Gratius Acacius
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]



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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38434 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: a.d. VII Kal. Nov.
OSD G. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem VII Kalendas Novembris; haec dies comitialis est.


"Amongst the troop commanders, who had been sent out everywhere to
reconnoitre, there happened to be T. Manlius, the consul's son. He had
ridden out with his men by the enemy's camp and was hardly a
stone's-throw from their nearest post, where the Tusculan cavalry were
stationed, when Geminus Maecius, who was in command, a man of high
reputation amongst his own people, recognised the Roman cavalry and
the consul's son at their head, for they were all-especially the men
of distinction-known to each other. Accosting Manlius he said: "Are
you going to conduct the war against the Latins and their allies with
that single troop of yours? What will the consuls, what will their two
armies be doing in the meantime?" "They will be here in good time,
Manlius replied, "and so will Jupiter, the Great and Powerful, the
witness of your breach of faith. If we fought at Lake Regillus till
you had quite enough, certainly we shall succeed here also in
preventing you from finding too much pleasure in meeting us in
battle." In reply, Geminus rode forward a short distance and said:
"Are you willing, before the day comes when you are to set your armies
in motion for so great an effort, to have a meeting with me that the
result of our single combat may show how much a Latin horseman is
superior to a Roman?" Either urged on by anger or feeling ashamed to
decline the contest, or dragged on by the irresistible power of
destiny, the high-spirited youth forgot the consul's edict and the
obedience due to a father and rushed headlong into a contest in which
victory or defeat were alike fatal. The rest of the cavalry retired to
remain spectators of the fray; the two combatants selected a clear
space over which they charged each other at full gallop with levelled
spears. Manlius' lance passed above his adversary's helmet, Maecius'
across the neck of the other's horse. They wheeled their horses round,
and Manlius standing in his stirrups was the first to get in a second
stroke; he thrust his lance between the horse's ears. Feeling the
wound the horse reared, shook its head violently, and threw its rider
off. Whilst he was trying to rise after his heavy fall by supporting
himself with his lance and shield, Manlius drove his lance right
through his body and pinned him to the earth. After despoiling the
body he returned to his men, and amidst their exulting shouts entered
the camp and went straight to his father at the headquarters' tent,
not in the least realising the nature of his deed or its possible
consequences, whether praise or punishment. "That all may say, my
father," he said, "that I am a true scion of your blood, I bring to
you these equestrian spoils taken from a dead enemy who challenged me
to single combat." On hearing this the consul turned away from his son
and ordered the trumpet to sound the Assembly.

The soldiers mustered in large numbers and the consul began: "Since
you, T. Manlius, have shown no regard for either the authority of a
consul or the obedience due to a father, and in defiance of our edict
have left your post to fight against the enemy, and have done your
best to destroy the military discipline through which the Roman State
has stood till now unshaken, and have forced upon me the necessity of
forgetting either my duty to the republic or my duty to myself and my
children, it is better that we should suffer the consequences of our
offence ourselves than that the State should expiate our crime by
inflicting great injury upon itself. We shall be a melancholy example,
but one that will be profitable to the young men of the future. My
natural love of my children and that proof of courage which from a
false sense of honour you have given, move me to take your part, but
since either the consuls authority must be vindicated by your death or
for ever abrogated by letting you go unpunished, I would believe that
even you yourself, if there is a drop of my blood in your veins, will
not shrink from restoring by your punishment the military discipline
which has been weakened by your misconduct. Go, lictor, bind him to
the stake." All were paralysed by such a ruthless order; they felt as
if the axe was directed against each of them; fear rather than
discipline keep them motionless. For some moments they stood
transfixed in silence, then suddenly, when they saw the blood pouring
from his severed neck, their voices rose in unrestrained and angry
complaint; they spared neither laments nor curses. The body of the
youth covered with his spoils was cremated on a pyre erected outside
the rampart, with all the funeral honours that the soldiers' devotion
could pay. "Manlian orders" were not only regarded with horror for the
time, but were looked upon as setting a frightful precedent for the
future." - Livy, History of Rome 8.7



"When day came Sekhmet the terrible came also, licking her lips at the
thought of the men whom she would slay. She found the place flooded
and no living creature in sight; but she saw the beer which was the
colour of blood, and she thought it was blood indeed -- the blood of
those whom she had slain. Then she laughed with joy, and her laughter
was like the roar of a lioness hungry for the kill. Thinking that it
was indeed blood, she stooped and drank. Again and yet again she
drank, laughing with delight; and the strength of the beer mounted to
her brain, so that she could no longer slay. At last she came reeling
back to where Ra was waiting; that day she had not killed even a
single man. Then Ra said: 'You come in peace, sweet one.' And her name
was changed to Hathor, and her nature was changed also to the
sweetness of love and the strength of desire. And henceforth Hathor
laid low men and women only with the great power of love. But for ever
after her priestesses drank in her honour of the beer of Heliopolis
coloured with the red ochre of Elephantine when they celebrated her
festival each New Year." - from "The Destruction of Mankind",
inscribed on the tomb of Tutankhamen


In ancient Egypt, today was held in honor of the goddess Hathor.
Hathor was a pre-Dynastic goddess who gained enormous popularity early
on. Her name is translated as "the House of Horus", which may be a
reference to her as the embodiment of the sky in her role of the
Celestial Cow, being that which surrounds the decidedly sky-oriented
hawk-deity, Horus, when he takes wing. If Horus was the god associated
with the living king, Hathor was the god associated with the living
queen. In earlier periods she was most often depicted as a full cow
with the sundisk between her horns or as a slender woman wearing the
horns-and-a-sundisk headdress (which may or may not have a uraeus upon
it). She was also shown as a hippopotamus, a falcon, a cobra, or a
lioness, however these were not as frequent as the woman or the cow.
While there are some depictions of Hathor as a woman with a cow's
head, this is mainly found only in the later periods.

Hathor's symbology included such items as sistra (a type of rattle),
the horns-and-sundisk headdress (in much later times incorporated into
the attire of Isis), the menat (a type of ritual necklace that may
have been used for percussive music), and mirrors. Many ancient
mirrors and sistra decorated with smiling, often nude Hathors on them
have been uncovered over the years, and Hathor's visage (with cow
ears) commonly appeared at the top of stone columns in Egyptian
temples, many of which can still be seen today. Her cult flourished in
Ta-Netjer ("Land of God" -- modern day Dendera) in Upper Egypt and her
priests included both men and women, many of whom were dancers,
singers, or musicians as the arts fell under Hathor's domain. Priests
of Hathor were also oracles and midwives, and people could go to some
temples of Hathor to have their dreams interpreted by her priests.
Hathor's protection was invoked over children and pregnant women.

Hathor, as the Eye of Ra, "becomes" Sakhmet in the story "The
Destruction of Mankind". Engraved into one of the shrines of
Tutankhamen's tomb, the story tells how Hathor, at the request of her
father (Ra), turns into Sakhmet in order to punish humans for
transgressing against him. When she nearly wipes out all of humanity,
Ra tries to stop her and, failing in that, contrives to get her drunk,
whereupon she immediately forgets what it was she was doing and goes
back to being Hathor. Hathor also appears as a minor character in "The
Contendings of Horus and Seth". Her father (Ra) falls into a black
mood so Hathor sets forth to cheer him up. Removing her clothing, she
dances around his throne until he smiles again.

An additional myth, sometimes called "The Distant Goddess", tells of
how Hathor became angry with Ra and wandered away from Egypt. Great
sadness falls over the land and Ra, lost without his Eye, decides to
fetch her back. However, Hathor has now become a deadly wild cat who
destroys all that approaches her, and so no man or god will volunteer
to go get her. Thoth eventually agrees to lure her back and, dressed
in disguise, manages to coax the angry goddess to return to Egypt by
telling her stories. Back in her homeland, she bathes in the Nile and
once again settles into her normally gentle demeanor, but not before
the waters turn red from the effort of cooling her rage. In some
versions of this story it is Tefnut, not Hathor, who wanders away from
Egypt, and Shu, not Thoth, who brings her back.

Hathor is associated with numerous other Egyptian goddesses. Her
connections with Bastet helped to "soften up" that deity's visage, and
as discussed previously Hathor was the other side of the Sakhmet coin.
Hathor also seems to have absorbed many of the properties of Bat
(another pre-Dynastic cow goddess), who is depicted at the top of the
famous Narmer palette overseeing the events detailed therein.

Hathor is also known as the "Lady to the Limit" ("limit" meaning the
edges of the known universe) and the "Lady of the West"; her image is
sometimes seen on funerary depiction as she stands behind Osiris,
welcoming the dead to their new home. Other titles of Hathor include
the "Divine (or Celestial) Cow", "Mistress of Heaven", and "Lady of
Gold", the last two of which were sometimes attributed to the queens
of ancient Egypt. Hathor was also known as the "Lady of Greenstone and
Malachite" due to her being regarded as a goddess of the desert
fringes where such mines existed.

The Greeks called Hathor by the name of their goddess, Aphrodite. In
the very late stages of Egyptian religion (over two millennia after
Hathor had first appeared) she became almost totally absorbed into
Isis (who acquired, aside from Hathor's headdress, the sistrum as
well), resulting in frequent mistaken identity between the two. There
are, however, subtle differences. When Isis is shown with the horns
she is also (usually) shown with either the vulture headdress (which
was associated with Mut, a goddess of Thebes), winged, or wearing a
multi-colored feathered dress. There are of course exceptions (such as
in the tomb of Horemheb), in which case knowledge of hieroglyphs is
necessary to discern which goddess is which.

At the temple of Nefertari at Abu Simbel, Nefertari is shown as Hathor
in many places, and Ramses II (the husband of Nefertari) is shown in
one sanctuary receiving milk from Hathor the cow. When a child was
born in Egypt, seven Hathors (somewhat like European fairy godmothers)
would appear to "speak with one mouth" and determine the child's fate.
Hathor's own child was Ihy, who was worshipped in Dendera with her and
Horus-Behdety. Like his mother, Ihy was a god of music and dancing,
and was always depicted as a child bearing a sistrum.


Valete bene!

Cato


SOURCES

Livy (http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Liv2His.html),
Hathor (http://www.thekeep.org/~kunoichi/kunoichi/egypt/index.html)
and (http://www.pantheon.org/)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38435 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: New Member
A. Apollonius Q. Gratio omnibusque sal.

Salve, Acaci, and welcome. I hope you enjoy it here. :)





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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38436 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: NR Nation Or NR Club
A. Apollonius Cn. Lentulo omnibusque sal.

Plane adsentior! Thank you, too, for a nice piece of
mental exercise. :)



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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38437 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: two new laws
A. Apollonius C. Equitio omnibusque sal.

> Where the Constitution says "An office becomes
> vacant if the
> magistrate resigns or dies." (VI), I suggest we
> amend it by addition
> to read:
>
> "An office becomes vacant if the magistrate resigns
> or dies.
> Resignation is considered effective immediately upon
> publication by
> any means of mass communication within the Republic,
> or upon report of
> receipt of a notice of resignation by any
> magistrate."

I agree with the general idea, but I really don't
think any constitutional amendment is necessary. The
constitution already gives us the technical term
"resignation". The dispute is simply over when a
resignation actually occurs; in other words, the
dispute is over the definition of the term. A normal
lex is quite adequate as a method of defining a
constitutional term, so long as the definition does
not contradict the implication or intent of the lex
constitutiva.

Now, you and I would no doubt consider that the
concept of immediate and irrevocable effect is
inherent in the term "resignation", but clearly there
are others who think otherwise. Even so, I don't think
anyone would seriously argue that the term
"resignation" must necessarily imply some delay in
effect. They merely argue that it doesn't exclude it,
and that such a delay has been imported into the
definition of the word by the body of law which has
grown up around the lex constitutiva.

So the dispute between "us" and "them" is over
statutory and customary law, not over the actual
wording of the lex constitutiva. Since that's where
the dispute exists, that's where the dispute is best
resolved: by effecting a statutory definition of
"resignation". No need to make it a constitutional matter.



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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38438 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: two new laws
C. Equitius Cato A. Apollonio Cordo S.P.D.

Salve Corde.

True. You understand my hesitation given the difficulties we have
faced regarding constitutional interpretation in the past. I suppose
that a lex simply defining the terms under which a resignation occurs
would work.

Vale,

Cato

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "A. Apollonius Cordus"
<a_apollonius_cordus@y...> wrote:
>
> A. Apollonius C. Equitio omnibusque sal.
>
> > Where the Constitution says "An office becomes
> > vacant if the
> > magistrate resigns or dies." (VI), I suggest we
> > amend it by addition
> > to read:
> >
> > "An office becomes vacant if the magistrate resigns
> > or dies.
> > Resignation is considered effective immediately upon
> > publication by
> > any means of mass communication within the Republic,
> > or upon report of
> > receipt of a notice of resignation by any
> > magistrate."
>
> I agree with the general idea, but I really don't
> think any constitutional amendment is necessary. The
> constitution already gives us the technical term
> "resignation". The dispute is simply over when a
> resignation actually occurs; in other words, the
> dispute is over the definition of the term. A normal
> lex is quite adequate as a method of defining a
> constitutional term, so long as the definition does
> not contradict the implication or intent of the lex
> constitutiva.
>
> Now, you and I would no doubt consider that the
> concept of immediate and irrevocable effect is
> inherent in the term "resignation", but clearly there
> are others who think otherwise. Even so, I don't think
> anyone would seriously argue that the term
> "resignation" must necessarily imply some delay in
> effect. They merely argue that it doesn't exclude it,
> and that such a delay has been imported into the
> definition of the word by the body of law which has
> grown up around the lex constitutiva.
>
> So the dispute between "us" and "them" is over
> statutory and customary law, not over the actual
> wording of the lex constitutiva. Since that's where
> the dispute exists, that's where the dispute is best
> resolved: by effecting a statutory definition of
> "resignation". No need to make it a constitutional matter.
>
>
>
> ___________________________________________________________
> To help you stay safe and secure online, we've developed the all new
Yahoo! Security Centre. http://uk.security.yahoo.com
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38439 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
A. Apollonius C. Equitio omnibusque sal.

Your argument, if I may summarize it briefly (and of
course you must tell me if you think I misrepresent
it) is that I am importing into the lex constitutiva a
concept which it does not expressly exclude but does
not expressly support either; you, on the other hand,
consider that it is improper to import any concept
into the lex constitutiva which is not expressly
supported by that document. I think this is what you
mean by the distinction between the "broad" and
"strict" approaches.

Well, allow me to make a two-pronged attack (or
defence). In the first prong, I shall try to show that
you, just as much as I or perhaps even more, are
seeking to import a concept which is not expressly
supported by the text. In the second prong, I shall
try to show that the concept I am attempting to import
into the lex constitutiva is in fact expressly
supported by the text, whereas the concept you are
trying to import has no such support.

First prong:

What are we trying to do here? We are trying to
determine the nature and quality of an edictum.
Specifically, we are trying to determine (a) whence it
derives its legal force, and therefore (b) what manner
of legal effects it has.

We look at article I.B of the lex constitutiva: a very
proper place to look, for it is the article which
deals with the various types of legal authority in our
constitution and gives us an indication of how they
relate to one another.

Does that article tell us, clearly and unequivocally,
the answers to questions (a) and (b)? Well, first
let's look at (a) the origin of the legal force of an
edictum. What does it say about that? Not an awful
lot, but there are two clues. First, it calls them
"magisterial edicta", i.e. edicta issued by
magistrates. This doesn't tell us explicitly that
magistrates are the origin of the legal force of
edicta, but it tells us at least that magistrates are
the origin of the edicta themselves. Secondly, it says
that the legal authority of such edicta decreases "in
order of descending authority as described in section
IV of this Constitution". Section IV is, of course,
the section dealing with the magistrates and their
powers and duties. So here we are being told that the
legal authority of edicta decreases in a relationship
which is directly linked to the relationship between
the magistracies themselves. Again, this doesn't tell
us the origin of that legal authority, but it tells us
that there is some link between the legal authority of
the edicta and the legal authority of the issuing
magistrates. So, a couple of clues, but question (a)
remains essentially unanswered.

What about (b) the legal effects of edicta? Again, a
few clues. First, we are told that edicta have "legal
authority", and that this is a property they share
with leges, senatus consulta, decreta, and the lex
constitutiva itself. Secondly, we are told that they
have less legal authority than the other things which
are said in this article to have legal authority.
Thirdly, we are told that one edictum may have more or
less legal authority than another edictum, in a
relationship which is tied to the relationships
between the different magistracies described in
section IV. So there is a good deal of information
here about the *degree* of legal authority which
edicta have, but not a lot about the *nature* of that
authority, i.e. what sort of effects an edictum has on
the whole system of law. So question (b), too, is
unanswered.

So I think we must agree that there is some work of
interpretation to be done. The concept we are looking
for is not inherent in article I.B: we need to find it
elsewhere and bring it in. This is precisely what we
are both doing. The difference is that I admit that I
am doing it, while you do not believe you are: you
think you have found the concept sitting there in
article I.B. But it's not there: you have brought it
in from outside.

Where have you brought it from? Your most recent
message gives us a nice clue:

> It is a mirror of the contemporary ranking (in the
> U.S.) of Federal,
> State, and local laws: promulgated by different
> ranks of authority yet
> binding upon all who stand within their respective
> spheres of
> influence. Unlike this example, however, our leges
> and dicta are not
> constrained by physical locale; they encompass the
> whole of the Republic.

Yes, this is exactly where you have imported your
concept from. You've seen article I.B, and it has
reminded you of another constitution which contains
various different types of legal authority, ranked in
order of precedence. The match seems to be a good one:
there is a good chance that the transplant will be
successful. In fact the match is so good that the
transplant has already taken place in your own mind,
and you cannot look at article I.B without seeing the
concept you have unconsciously imported from the
American constitution sitting there already, as if it
were written into the text! But it isn't in the text.
You've brought it from outside, just as I've brought
mine. We're like two doctors, each trying to transfuse
new blood into a patient, but each trying to give the
patient a different type of blood. Now we need to see
which type of blood the patient really needs.

So, here is the second prong, in which I try to show
that our patient needs Roman republican blood and not
modern American blood.

How are we going to find out the blood type of our
patient? How are we going to discover which concept,
which answers to those questions (a) and (b) will fit
better into the constitutional system which the lex
constitutiva intends to create? Clearly we need to
understand what sort of constitutional system this is
meant to be; how the whole thing is supposed to work.
Thus you quite rightly say that, when importing a
concept into the lex constitutiva, it is better to
import one which has some support in the text than to
import one which has no support.

So now I need to show that there is more support in
the text for the transplant of a concept from Roman
republican constitutional law than there is for the
transplant of a concept from modern American
constitutional law. Let's start by looking at the
immediate environment into which this new concept will
need to be transplanted, which, as you've rightly
noted, is article I.B.

We can see quite easily that there is some support for
your concept in article I.B. It appears, on a cursory
reading, to be giving a list of things which all have
legal authority but some of which have more legal
authority than others. Your concept, too, is of a list
of things which all have legal authority but some of
which have more than others. But let's look back at
those two original questions: (a) from where does an
edictum derive its legal authority, and (b) what
manner of legal effects has it? Let's compare the
answers which our rival concepts give.

Yours, if I understand U.S. constitutional law
correctly, gives two answers. The first is something
like "They derive their authority from the
constitutional document, and their legal effects are
graded in the way the constitutional document
dictates". The second, which supplements and underlies
the first and explains why the constitutional document
says what it says, goes something like "A federal
statute is enacted by the federal government, a state
statute by the government of a state, a local statute
by a local government. The federal government is more
powerful than the state government because it is given
its mandate by the whole people of the federation,
while a state government has a mandate only from the
state. So, in cases where the actions of a state
government have a significant impact on the
functioning of the whole federation, the federal
government, which has a larger and more powerful
mandate, prevails." In short, the different levels of
legal authority derive from the different levels of
electoral mandate possessed by the various legislative
bodies which pass the statutes.

How does this concept fit with article I.B? Let's take
the second answer first. Have we, in article I.B, any
support for an idea that these various instruments
have different levels of legal force because of the
different levels of electoral mandate possessed by the
bodies which create the instruments? Well, it's not a
very comfortable fit, is it? The fact is that in the
American concept we are dealing with instruments
issued by bodies which are all basically the same,
only operating at different levels. In the lex
constitutiva we are clearly dealing with instruments
issued by bodies with widely varying characteristics.
Some are issued by the people themselves; some by
elected representatives of the people; some by
indirectly elected bodies; some by bodies which are
entirely unelected, whether directly or indirectly.
Their mandates are not only of different levels, but
of totally different kinds.

The second answer seems to be more straightforward,
but let's come back to that in a moment. First, let's
compare the way the Roman republican concept fits with
article I.B. This answer goes something like "Each
type of instrument derives its legal force directly
from the legal power of the issuer. The populus itself
is the source of legal power, so its direct enactments
have the greatest force. The legal force of edicta
comes from the legal power of the magistrates, which
is itself delegated from the populus. Since the
magistrates are the delegates of the populus, the
enactments of the populus overrule the enactments of
the magistrates. The senate is not the direct delegate
of the populus but occupies a different position,
still inferior to the populus but not directly
subordinate, so its enactments have yet a different
type of force, and so on. The legal force of each
instrument derives from the nature of the power
wielded by the issuer, and its legal effects vary
accordingly."

This seems to be a rather better fit, for it
accommodates the fact that the types of instrument in
I.B come not only from different levels of issuer but
also from different types of issuer. Indeed, let's
remember the clues we found earlier. For question (a)
we found two clues: the magistrates are the origin of
edicta, and the legal force of edicta is graded in the
same relationship as the grading of the magistracies.
Both these clues, it seems to me, tend to support,
rather than to contradict, the idea that there is some
intrinsic link between the legal power of the issuing
magistrate and the legal power of the edictum he
issues. And for question (b) there were three clues:
edicta have legal authority, they have less legal
authority than other things which have legal
authority, and the level of legal authority they have
is related to the rank of the issuing magistrate. The
first two items are common ground to both concepts,
but the third again seems to establish a link between
the legal effect of the instrument and the nature of
the power of the issuer.

Now let's come back to the American concept's second
answer. This is the self-referential answer that the
different legal instruments derive their legal
authority from the constitutional document itself and
have such legal effects as it says they have. (The
corresponding Roman answer is that the legal authority
of an intsrument is derived not from some other
document but from the power of the issuer.) There
seems to be strong support for the American answer in
the simple fact that we have a lex constitutiva. But
your challenge to me, amice, was not to find support
for my concept in the world of fact but to find
support in the text of the lex constitutiva. Is there
any support for the American concept in the text
itself?

Here we need to start looking beyond article I.B,
which of course says nothing about why article I.B
says what it says; it just says what it says. The
obvious place to look is article I.A, which says:

"This Constitution shall be the basic authority for
all decision-making within Nova Roma and shall limit
the authority of all magistrates and bodies, and all
leges (laws) passed by the comitia, decreta (decrees)
of the priestly collegia, magisterial edicta (edicts)
and Senatus consulta shall be subject to it except as
provided by the following three provisos..."

What the exceptions are need not detain us. Now, the
first clause ("This Constitution shall be the basic
authority for all decision-making") is irrelevant to
our purposes, because it is about decision-making,
which is essentially an executive matter, rather than
about law-making, which is essentially a legislative
matter. More relevant is the next part: "shall limit
the authority of all magistrates and bodies". So what
does this tell us about the lex constitutiva? It does
*not*, we must note, tell us that the authority of all
magistrates and bodies is *derived* from the lex
constitutiva; it tells us that it is *limited* by it.
The implication appears to be that it exists
independently; at any rate the words do not exclude
that possibility. The next part states: "all leges
(laws) passed by the comitia, decreta (decrees) of the
priestly collegia, magisterial edicta (edicts) and
Senatus consulta shall be subject to it except..." (as
I've said, the exceptions are of no relevance here).
So, again, we are told that leges, decreta, senatus
consulta, and edicta are *subject to* the lex
constitutiva; we are not told that they derive their
legal force from it.

We may look at other parts of the document, but again
and again we will find that there is in fact no
express statement in it which supports the suggestion
that edicta derive their legal force from the lex
constitutiva itself in the same way that federal
statutes derive their legal force from the U.S.
constitutional document. On the contrary, the lex
constitutiva seems to take the existence of these
instruments as already understood.

Well, so much for the American concept, but I haven't
yet done what I promised to do in this second prong,
namely to show you the express support for the Roman
concept in the lex constitutiva. It is found in the
preamble.

Ah, the notorious preamble. Has it any direct legal
force? No, it has not. Has it any interpretive use? I
think it has. Its use is to tell us the broad aims of
the document which it introduces, and this allows us
to try to understand, where the text itself is
ambiguous, what the populus wished to achieve by means
of that text. We are then able to interpret the text
in the way which gives effect to that intention.

This is a technique of interpretation used not only by
lawyers from the civil law tradition but also by
lawyers of the common law in the U.K., the U.S.,
Australasia, and so on. More importantly, it was also
used by lawyers of the Roman republic. So the
technique itself has good credentials.

Where does it take us? Well, the preamble says that
the intention of the populus in enacting the lex
constitutiva is "to exist, in all manners practical
and acceptable, as the modern restoration of the
ancient Roman Republic". This gives us the broad
framework within which we are expected to understand
the rest of the text, and it is what we must always
bear in mind while interpreting this or that article
of the text. It is a text which aims to enable our
republic "to exist, in all manners practical and
acceptable, as the modern restoration of the ancient
Roman Republic".

So, we come to an article which requires
interpretation. As we've already established, article
I.B requires some sort of interpretation: the answers
we need are not there, and must be imported from
outside. There are two ways to determine which concept
is more suitable to import. Let's forget the doctors
and turn to another image: a jigsaw puzzle. We have a
jigsaw puzzle here and we need to know which piece to
add. We seek help in two ways: one, we look at the
shape of the hole; two, we see what the whole picture
is meant to look like.

The shape of the hole is what we have been discussing
so far. We've compared the American concept and the
Roman concept to the hole into which we want to fit
them, and we've found, I believe, that the Roman
concept is a rather better fit with the pieces which
are already in place. But to confirm this we need to
know which concept is going to help us make the
picture we're supposed to be making. What is the
picture of? This is the question the preamble answers:
we are trying to make a picture of something which
"exist[s], in all manners practical and acceptable, as
the modern restoration of the ancient Roman Republic".

I'm sure you can sense that we're getting near the
end. There's not much left to say. Which type of
concept is going to help us build something which is
"in all manners practical and acceptable a modern
restoration of the ancient Roman republic"? A Roman
concept, or an American one? The Roman one looks like
the favourite, but there are a few stumbling-blocks to
be negotiated. "In all manners practical and
acceptable" - does this give us any reason to think
that the Roman concept is unsuitable? Is it
impractical to regard edicta as deriving their legal
force from their issuing magistrates and their legal
effects from the nature of the magistrates' powers? I
don't see that it is. Is it unacceptable to do so?
Again, I see no reason not to accept it. "A modern
restoration" - is this a problem? Are there features
of the modern world which are fundamentally
incompatible with such a view? Not at all - we need
look only at the EU, a very modern institution, to
find a constitutional (or quasi-constitutional) system
in which various different types of enactment have
different legal effects according to the different
natures of the issuing bodies and processes. Or again
we may note the U.K., where the legal effect of an Act
of Parliament is determined by the nature of
Parliament and derives its legal force from the powers
of that body.

So there we are. We are both seeking to import
concepts from outside the lex constitutiva: we must
necessarily do so, because the document itself fails
to provide answers to our questions. Your concept is
imported from the U.S., mine from the Roman republic.
Yours seems at first glance to be the better fit, but
on closer inspection we find that it neither matches
its immediate surroundings nor helps us to give effect
to the broad purpose for which the populus enacted the
lex constitutiva in the first place. You challenge me
to find express support in the lex constitutiva for my
concept, and I think I have shown not only that it
exists but that it is rather clearer than the support
in that document for yours. So my position remains
thus:

An edictum is by nature a statement of policy by a
magistrate and derives its legal force from the powers
of the magistrate. Its legal effect is to state the
policy of the magistrate who issues it.



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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38440 From: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: LUDI VICTORIAE SULLANAE - Certamen Historicum #1 (historical contes
Historical Contest #1 of The Ludi Victoriae Sullanae


CN CORNELIVS LENTVLVS QVIRITIBVS SALVTEM DICIT:

Avete, Quirites, in the name of Aedilis L.Iulius
Sulla!


Today have started the Ludi Victoriae Sullanae
organized by Aedilis Curulis L. Iulius Sulla and his
Cohors. I have been chosen by Aedilis L. Iulius Sulla
to lead the CERTAMEN HISTORICUM, the historical
contest of Ludi Victoriae Sullanae in honour of Godess
Victoria and to the memory of Dictator L. Cornelius
Sulla Felix.
This is a Historical Contest not only for historians
but also for everyone who loves Roman history!

Here are the rules of Certamen Historicum:
http://www.cohorssullana.grafosystem.ro/rules.htm

And here follows the 1st question for our Certamen
Historicum:


QUAESTIO N°1 - Originally the Cornelius Sulla family
was named with another cognomen; The dictator's
great-grandfather was the first who had the "Sulla" as
second cognomen, and the grandfather was who left the
former cognomen and used only the "Sulla". What was
the original cognomen of the family?


All the answers have to be posted at the following
email:
cnaeus_cornelius@...

In the Ludi Megalenses the winner was Iulilla
Sempronia Magna; the second best was A. Tullia
Scholastica and Cn. Equitius Marinus was the third of
all the participants. But now, here is the good chance
to return match and to be the best or retain the good
places one gained! LetÂ’s go historians! WhoÂ’s the best
of Roman History-lovers?



VALETE QVAM OPTIME!
Happy Ludi Victoriae Sullanae!


Cnaeus Cornelius Lentulus,
Scriba Ludorum - Aedilis Curulis L. Iulii Sullae
Accensus Consulis
Propraetor Pannoniae






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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38441 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
C. Equitius Cato A. Apollonio omnibusque S.P.D.

Salve et salvete.

An interesting take, Corde.

You return consistently to the idea that the legal instruments under
which we operate derive their authority from the bodies which are
given the power to do so; the comitia pass leges, the magistrates (and
religious authoritis) promulgate edicta, &c. I agree. However, you
take it a step further. You write specifically (citing the Roman
concept vs. the American one):

"Each type of instrument derives its legal force directly from the
legal power of the issuer."

Where I think we differ is that I am staying back at the source of the
authority of the "legal power of the issuer" itself: the lex
constitutiva. This mirrors, in some ways, our discussion at dinner in
Rome: I believe that the lex constitutiva has been placed by our
Patres Patriae in exactly the same position as the U.S. Constitution,
in that it claims to be the source and foundation of all legal
authority; if the lex constitutiva did not exist, we would need to
create leges under which the authority of each "issuer" is described
basically as it is in the lex constitutiva, in order to give each
particular "issuer" their authority to *be* "issuer[s]". Without that
authority, there would be no foundation for law in our Republic.

the phrase you refer to,

"shall limit the authority of all magistrates and bodies"

in the lex constitutiva, is a direct reflection of its basis in the
American understanding of legal power; it is the power of the People
which created the lex constitutiva and gave it its authority, the
authority to become "the highest legal authority within Nova Roma";
the idea that the People have given the lex constitutiva its peculiar
place in our legal system is inherent in its very existence.

You allude to this idea when you say:

"It does *not*, we must note, tell us that the authority of all
magistrates and bodies is *derived* from the lex constitutiva; it
tells us that it is *limited* by it. The implication appears to be
that it exists independently; at any rate the words do not exclude
that possibility."

It does indeed exist "independently", because when the People adopted
the lex constitutiva they were creating a type of standing "vox
populi" in it; it stands as the will of the People, and as such, has
the power to "limit" all other authorities and legal entities.

You wrote:

"So, again, we are told that leges, decreta, senatus consulta, and
edicta are *subject to* the lex constitutiva; we are not told that
they derive their legal force from it."

Exactly. The People have already given the lex constitutiva its power
simply by adopting it. It is *not* Roman. It is a product of the
minds of people (its drafters) who live under the American concept of
constitutional authority. It cannot help but reflect this kind of
authority.

So the answer to the first question: "from whence do edicta derive
their legal force?" is simple: the lex constitutiva creates the
framework from which *all* legal instruments derive their authority,
and that lex derives its power from its adoption by the People.

The answer to the second question: "what legal effect do edicta have?"
is answered by their inclusion in the laundry list of all of the legal
instruments which exist in the Republic, under the authority of the
lex constitutiva. They are "binding upon themselves [the issuer] as
well as others" --- just as a lex issued by a comitia is "binding upon
the entire citizenry". This means that a censor *cannot* legally
disobey his (or her) own edicta, as the lex constitutiva demands their
obedience to it, exactly as it demands our obedience to leges passed
by comitia.


You wrote:

"An edictum is by nature a statement of policy by a magistrate and
derives its legal force from the powers of the magistrate. Its legal
effect is to state the policy of the magistrate who issues it."

The lex constitutiva says otherwise.



To end, you wrote:

"We are both seeking to import concepts from outside the lex
constitutiva: we must necessarily do so, because the document itself
fails to provide answers to our questions. Your concept is
imported from the U.S., mine from the Roman republic."

I do not have to "import" a concept; the lex constitutiva was written
with the American concept already ingrained in it. You are absolutely
right in that it is *not* Roman; this is exactly why we have been
arguing for the abolition of the document.

Vale bene,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38442 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
A. Apollonius C. Equitio omnibusque sal.

Well, amice, in some respects we are going around in
circles, but in others we may still be able to make
progress. In the interest of finishing on a note of
progress, I'll take the circles first by reversing the
order of your message.

You finish by saying, "I do not have to "import" a
concept; the lex constitutiva was written with the
American concept already ingrained in it". But this is
just a bald assertion. I have given you umpteen
paragraphs of argument, based on a closely reasoned
examination of the very text of article I.B on which
you earlier placed much weight, to suggest that no
firm statement of the origin or nature of the legal
authority of edicta is to be found in the lex
constitutiva. In reply, you simply assert that this is
not so! Well, any two fellows can sit in the forum and
while away the hours saying "yes it is" and "no it
isn't", but this is not the way to get anywhere. If
you think you can find the American concept
"ingrained" in the lex constitutiva, where is the
evidence of its presence?

Now, you mention that a magistrate cannot exercise his
powers in a way contrary to his own edictum, and you
cite the phrase "binding upon themselves as well as
others". Quite so, and I have never claimed otherwise.
But no one is saying that the censores have acted
contrary to their edicta. What is being claimed is
that the censores have acted unconstitutionally by
exercising their powers *in accordance* with their own
edictum but doing so *before* the edictum was
published. The claim is that they had no authority to
apply the policy set out in the edictum until after
the edictum was published. This is what I dispute on
the grounds that, since an edictum is nothing more
than a statement of policy, and does not in itself
give the magistrate any power he did not already
possess before he published it, it must necessarily be
perfectly legal for him to begin applying a policy
before he issues an edictum announcing it.

(I must say that this is all rather academic since, as
far as I am aware, the censores did not in fact begin
to apply this policy before they published the
edictum.)

So you see that we agree on this point: once a
magistrate has issued an edictum stating that he
intends to use his powers in a certain way, he is
bound to use them in that way until such time as he
publishes a different edictum. This is clear from the
lex constitutiva, and it is not totally incompatible
with Roman law, since a lex was enacted during the
late republic which put exactly that rule in place
(though I must confess I find the middle republican
practice more consistent with the general principles
of the republican constitution).

You also say that, even if it is true that an edictum
derives its legal force from the legal power of the
issuing magistrate, it is also true that the legal
power of the issuing magistrate is itself derived from
the lex constitutiva (which is in turn derived from
the populus). Well, I would quibble with the detail of
this, but with respect to this particular argument it
makes no difference and, for the sake of argument,
I'll accept your statement. The important point is
that the legal force of the edictum is derived from
and determined by the legal power of the issuing
magistrate; where the latter comes from is immaterial.

If we accept, as you seem to be inclined to do, that
the legal force of an edictum is derived from and
determined by the legal power of the issuing
magistrate, then certain conclusions follow
inevitably. First, an edictum cannot of itself give a
magistrate any powers he did not possess already,
since the edictum himself is merely an expression of
his pre-existing powers. Second, if an edictum cannot
give a magistrate any power he did not already
possess, then there is no need for him to issue an
edictum in order to exercise his powers. Third, if
there is no need for him to issue an edictum before he
can exercise his powers, then there is no legal reason
why he cannot exercise his powers in a certain way
before he issues an edictum saying that he is going to
do so. Fourth, if there is no legal reason why he
cannot do that, then the censores have not acted
improperly if they have, as alleged, already been
applying the policy set out in this edictum before the
edictum itself was published.

The only exception to this is where a magistrate
publishes an edictum setting out a certain policy and
later issues an edictum changing that policy. This
follows from the rule that a magistrate is bound by
his own edicta. If a consul issues an edictum saying
that people are forbidden to wear red hats but are
free to wear green hats, he cannot then adopt a policy
of forcing people to remove their green hats unless he
issues a new edictum expressly changing the policy
announced in his first edictum.

But there is not, and cannot be, any suggestion that
the censores have fallen foul of this rule. The last
censorial edictum which stated their policy on the
approval of applications to join gentes was the
edictum de approbationibus, issued on the 18th of
November last year and renewed on the 17th of January
this year, text available here:

http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/edicts/censor-2004-11-18a.html

The relevant article, number II.2.4.2.2, states:

"The Censores will hold the ultimate authority to
approve or reject prospective citizens seeking
admission in a Gens but not in a recognised Familia."

In other words, if the censores choose to reject an
application to join a certain gens, they may do so,
unless the application is to join an existing familia.

Well, the policy they state in the new edictum in no
way contradicts this; it merely states some of the
conditions on which the censores will reject such an
application. If, as it is alleged, they were already
rejecting applications on those stated conditions
before publishing the edictum, they were still acting
in accordance with the previous relevant edictum. So
any allegation of illegal conduct fails.

I must admit to being somewhat unsure why you are
expending so much energy opposing my claim that an
edictum is merely a statement of policy, given that
this particular claim of mine was made in order to
refute an allegation which you did not make and have
never endorsed. At the same time, the allegation you
*did* make - that the censores have breached the
constitutional prohibition on retroactive punishment -
was refuted by me on completely different grounds
which have nothing at all to do with the legal effects
of edicta. Are we to take it that you accept my
refutation of this allegation and that you are now
dropping your suggestion that the censores have
imposed a retroactive penalty on the gens Martiana? If
so, I shall be very glad to hear it.



___________________________________________________________
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38443 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Family name change
Salvete omnes,

After some time and reflection listening to our experts and and in
keeping with a 100% authentic Roman name, I have just been granted a
name change by the Censors.
My new family name is SUETONIUS (like the historian and general).
I realize there may be an overlap with my former name, Lanius for a
while but no problem; I'm the same old Quintus!

Thanks!

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38444 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
C. Equitius Cato A Apollonio quiritibusque S.P.D.

Salve et salvete.

As a side note, regarding the ingrained sense of American
constitutional thought in the lex constitutiva, again I quote you:

"It does *not*, we must note, tell us that the authority of all
magistrates and bodies is *derived* from the lex constitutiva; it
tells us that it is *limited* by it. The implication appears to be
that it exists independently..."

This is *precisely* the definition of the authority of the U.S.
Constitution. The U.S. Constitution exists (like our lex
constitutiva) to define and limit the authority of the various
branches of government with respect to the protection of the rights of
citizens. Only the People of the United States can, ultimately,
authorize any amendment to the U.S. Constitution, as it is their set
of "standing orders" for the way in which the government is allowed to
act on their behalf.


Now, you wrote:

"If we accept, as you seem to be inclined to do, that the legal force
of an edictum is derived from and determined by the legal power of the
issuing magistrate, then certain conclusions follow inevitably. First,
an edictum cannot of itself give a magistrate any powers he did not
possess already, since the edictum himself is merely an expression of
his pre-existing powers. Second, if an edictum cannot give a
magistrate any power he did not already possess, then there is no need
for him to issue an edictum in order to exercise his powers. Third, if
there is no need for him to issue an edictum before he can exercise
his powers, then there is no legal reason why he cannot exercise his
powers in a certain way before he issues an edictum saying that he is
going to do so. Fourth, if there is no legal reason why he cannot do
that, then the censores have not acted improperly if they have, as
alleged, already been applying the policy set out in this edictum
before the edictum itself was published."

The crux of this whole matter is whether on not an edict is the
equivalent of a lex. If it is, then it cannot be applied
retroactively; if it is not, then your argument stands. I have shown
why, based on the words of the lex constitutiva, an edict is, in fact,
the equivalent of a lex: it is a legally binding pronouncement by a
magistrate authorized to issue such a pronouncement.

My point is that the censors can do anything they like in accordance
with the powers granted to them by the lex constitutiva; however, once
they have issued an edict, it has gone from simply a matter of
practical policy to a matter of binding law. To follow your example,
a censor could order everyone he saw to take off their red hats in his
house; if, however, he officially, publicly pronounces an edict
forbidding the wearing of red hats, he has brought the matter out of
private, internal practice into public effect. The argument is not
whether or not he has the power to issue such an edict (taking for the
sake of argument that he can); it is a matter of the effect of the
edict upon the legal atmosphere of the Republic.

Since I hold that an edict is, in fact and in accordance with the lex
constitutiva, a legally-binding instrument, it cannot be applied
retroactively --- it cannot penalize anyone who acted contrary to its
conditions prior to its issuance, any more than anyone can be
penalized for breaking a law that did not exist when they took the
action which would break that law after it came into existence.


On a brighter note (I assume), I had thought that the discussion
regarding whether or not this particular edict penalized the Martiana
was over and done with, as the censors and the Martiana seem to have
come to a happy compromise. I was aiming at the concept of edicta in
general :-) I fully accept your exigesis on the idea of what can
constitute a legal "person", and agree that a gens cannot fit that
description. Besides which, I do not believe that the censors can be
brought to court under the right of provocatio, since they are
absolutely within their rights to issue edicta. To change the effect
of that particular edict would take the passage of a lex nullifying or
amending portions of it, I think.

Vale et valete,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38445 From: David Kling Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Family name change
C. Fabius Buteo Modianus Quinto Suetonio Paulino salutem dicit
Excellent news. Congratulations on your name change.

On 10/26/05, Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) <mjk@...>
wrote:
>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> After some time and reflection listening to our experts and and in
> keeping with a 100% authentic Roman name, I have just been granted a
> name change by the Censors.
> My new family name is SUETONIUS (like the historian and general).
> I realize there may be an overlap with my former name, Lanius for a
> while but no problem; I'm the same old Quintus!
>
> Thanks!
>
> Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38446 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Family name change
Salve Quintus Suetonius Paulinus

'but no problem; I'm the same old Quintus!"

To bad... we were looking forward to a "NEW" Quintus : )

just kidding

I will be drinking to you and you new name at dinner tonight.

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus


----- Original Message -----
From: David Kling<mailto:tau.athanasios@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, October 26, 2005 4:56 PM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Family name change


C. Fabius Buteo Modianus Quinto Suetonio Paulino salutem dicit
Excellent news. Congratulations on your name change.

On 10/26/05, Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) <mjk@...<mailto:mjk@...>>
wrote:
>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> After some time and reflection listening to our experts and and in
> keeping with a 100% authentic Roman name, I have just been granted a
> name change by the Censors.
> My new family name is SUETONIUS (like the historian and general).
> I realize there may be an overlap with my former name, Lanius for a
> while but no problem; I'm the same old Quintus!
>
> Thanks!
>
> Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]



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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38447 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Family name change
> Salve, Q. Suetoni Pauline, et salvete, omnes!
>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> After some time and reflection listening to our experts and and in
> keeping with a 100% authentic Roman name, I have just been granted a
> name change by the Censors.
> My new family name is SUETONIUS (like the historian and general).
> I realize there may be an overlap with my former name, Lanius for a
> while but no problem; I'm the same old Quintus!
>
> ATS: Exactly! You¹re the same person as you were before when you were
> known by another name! I congratulate you‹and note (without naming names here
> without permission) that one of our magistrates and a sodality officer are
> among those who have also changed their incorrect names in recent days (since
> the publication of the edictum de mutandis nominibus). The nomenclature
> edictum was sent from Censor Quintilianus to Censor Marinus long ago, so long
> ago that we in the Cohors thought that it had been forgotten; I am glad that
> it has encouraged such well-known citizens as you to change names, even though
> in your case, the nomen was morphologically correct, and good Latin‹something
> which is not the case in far too many nomina, praenomina, and cognomina to be
> found in the Album Civium and Album Gentium.
>
> Thanks!
>
> Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
>
> Te gratulor!
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
>
>
>
>
>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38448 From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis-A Suggesti
F. Galerius Aurelianus flamen Cerealis S.P.D.

I publicly address the people of Nova Roma under the rose in an attempt to
point out that such disputes are historically a part of our Republic and will
likely continue in the future despite the best efforts of those who desire peace
between all factions and families.
This latest edict is an example of a long-standing problem with edicts and
other such items promulgated by the censores, consuls, and the Senate.
Specifically, that it might be a good idea for such edicts to be turned over to a
committee of citizens well-versed in the laws and traditions of Nova Roma to study
the proposed edict in depth before it is made public. There are many laws
and edicts that have been presented to the SPQNR over the years that have
created a public outcry. While it is a natural reaction to view such laws as being
specifically aimed to limit or hurt a certain group of citizens, this is
usually not the case. It is a matter of perception.
I would strongly suggest that this matter could be resolved off the main list
by a discussion among the Censores and all interested parties to see if the
matter could be resolved and a compromise or understanding reached before the
mudslinging and accusations reach a point where individuals are silenced by the
appropriate magistrates.
May the Goddess Ceres grant the citizens of Nova Roma fertile fields and
bountiful harvests. Valete.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38449 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Family name change
C. Equitius Cato Q. Seutonio Paulino S.P.D.

Salve, Seutonius Paulinus!

And congratulations on your new name.

Vale bene,

Cato


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael
Kelly)" <mjk@d...> wrote:
>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> After some time and reflection listening to our experts and and in
> keeping with a 100% authentic Roman name, I have just been granted a
> name change by the Censors.
> My new family name is SUETONIUS (like the historian and general).
> I realize there may be an overlap with my former name, Lanius for a
> while but no problem; I'm the same old Quintus!
>
> Thanks!
>
> Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38450 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Gens Martiana et Edictum Censorium de Nominibus Mutandis-A Sugg
> A. Tullia Scholastica F. Galerio Aureliano flamini quiritibus, sociis,
> peregrinisque omnibus S.P.D.
>
>
> F. Galerius Aurelianus flamen Cerealis S.P.D.
>
> I publicly address the people of Nova Roma under the rose in an attempt to
> point out that such disputes are historically a part of our Republic and will
> likely continue in the future despite the best efforts of those who desire
> peace
> between all factions and families.
> This latest edict is an example of a long-standing problem with edicts and
> other such items promulgated by the censores, consuls, and the Senate.
> Specifically, that it might be a good idea for such edicts to be turned over
> to a
> committee of citizens well-versed in the laws and traditions of Nova Roma to
> study
> the proposed edict in depth before it is made public.
>
> ATS: It happens that A. Apollonius Cordus, who seems to know a thing or
> two about the laws and traditions of Nova Roma as well as those of Roma
> Antiqua, is a member of the nomenclature research team and is an adviser to
> the Censorial Cohors on matters of nomenclature. The censorial cohors also
> counts at least one (other) attorney in its ranks, one who is also on the
> research team. Many citizens are involved with the drafting of edicta and
> leges‹and given the speed at which things seem to occur, and the many other
> obligations of the members of this volunteer organization, it might be quite
> an imposition to ask them to vet every piece of magisterial work, and yet
> another path to governmental paralysis, of which we have seen a fair bit.
>
> There are those who would be pleased if we had no laws, and everyone could
> do as he or she pleased, for chaos and anarchy suit some, including, it seems,
> some among us. Unlike Cordus, I am not trained in the law, or able to mount
> the sort of cogent arguments he does so readily, but to me at least, this is
> folly. We must have rules, and abide by them.
>
> There are many laws
> and edicts that have been presented to the SPQNR over the years that have
> created a public outcry. While it is a natural reaction to view such laws as
> being
> specifically aimed to limit or hurt a certain group of citizens, this is
> usually not the case. It is a matter of perception.
>
> ATS: This is true.
>
> I would strongly suggest that this matter could be resolved off the main list
> by a discussion among the Censores and all interested parties to see if the
> matter could be resolved and a compromise or understanding reached before the
> mudslinging and accusations reach a point where individuals are silenced by
> the
> appropriate magistrates.
>
> ATS: It seems that some sort of agreement has been reached in the matter
> of the gens Martiana.
> Kindly note that this gens-name has three strikes against it: it refers to a
> deity, it has an ending denoting adoption (-ianus/a), and it does not end in
> ­ius/-ia or -aeus/-aea. The censores were, however, prepared to accept it if
> the minor spelling change had been adopted. There is no reason why this
> should not have been done peacefully and without protest, even if the gens had
> been far larger, and had more than the half-dozen citizens it contains. Many
> of the nomina are perfectly fine as is, some others can be brought into
> compliance by a minor adjustment, and some will have to be reworked. No
> existing citizen will be asked to change his or her name, but some have
> already done so since this edictum was published. It points the way to better
> practices, but, like one¹s doctor¹s advice, doesn¹t compel them.
>
> May the Goddess Ceres grant the citizens of Nova Roma fertile fields and
> bountiful harvests. Valete.
>
> Sane.
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38451 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Family name change
Salvete A. Tullia Scholastica, Tiberi Galeri Pauline, C. Fabi Buteo
Modiane, Gai Equite Cato,

Thank you all very much for your kind words and encouragement. I'll
do my uptmost to keep this name one of honour as it has been over
the last 2000 years. I would like to thank all the experts and Latin
scholars involved for their hard work into researching the authentic
Roman family names which in my opinion will only bolster our
credibility in the long run.

Valete bene,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus





--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "A. Tullia Scholastica"
<fororom@l...> wrote:
>
> > Salve, Q. Suetoni Pauline, et salvete, omnes!
> >
> > Salvete omnes,
> >
> > After some time and reflection listening to our experts and and
in
> > keeping with a 100% authentic Roman name, I have just been
granted a
> > name change by the Censors.
> > My new family name is SUETONIUS (like the historian and general).
> > I realize there may be an overlap with my former name, Lanius
for a
> > while but no problem; I'm the same old Quintus!
> >
> > ATS: Exactly! You¹re the same person as you were before
when you were
> > known by another name! I congratulate you‹and note (without
naming names here
> > without permission) that one of our magistrates and a sodality
officer are
> > among those who have also changed their incorrect names in
recent days (since
> > the publication of the edictum de mutandis nominibus). The
nomenclature
> > edictum was sent from Censor Quintilianus to Censor Marinus long
ago, so long
> > ago that we in the Cohors thought that it had been forgotten; I
am glad that
> > it has encouraged such well-known citizens as you to change
names, even though
> > in your case, the nomen was morphologically correct, and good
Latin‹something
> > which is not the case in far too many nomina, praenomina, and
cognomina to be
> > found in the Album Civium and Album Gentium.
> >
> > Thanks!
> >
> > Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
> >
> > Te gratulor!
> >
> > Vale, et valete,
> >
> > A. Tullia Scholastica
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38452 From: Maior Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: Re: Family name change
M. Hortensia Q. Suetonio Paulino spd:
many congratulations to you Suetoni Pauline on your
fine new name. It is the same you and always will be but you are a
fine example for everyone here.

Believe me, I sympathize with everyone, I've been an unwitting
victim of bad nomenclature;-) which is one reason I've worked like
the devil as a researcher with all our experts on the nomenclature
cohors.So everyone old and new alike in Nova Roma can bear his or
her Latin name with pride.

Please everyone, the Censors's cohors have these wonderful Latin
experts like Aula Tullia and scholars and Classicists and
researchers like Cordus, and dogsbody me to help you all. So please
just write and we will gladly help. We've gathered all this first
class information for you the cives. That is the point. It is a gift
of Latinitas, Romanitas - for every single Nova Roman.
bene valete in pacem deorum
Marca Hortensia Major TRP
Cohors Censoris CFB
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38453 From: M. Lucretius Agricola Date: 2005-10-26
Subject: A citizen puts down the sword
M. Lucretius Agricola Omnibus S.P.D.


By kind permission of the Censores I have put down the sword and will
no longer be known as Marcus Gladius Agricola, but rather as Marcus
Lucretius Agricola.

Thanks to the Censores and to all Citizens for this opportunity to
take up this ancient name. I pledge to do what little I can to honor
the traditions of my adopted ancestors. I will attempt to continue to
grow in the Religio, I will also continue to honor Apollo and to
attempt to be a bridge between the Roman world and that of the Hellenes.



Di vos incolumes custodiant
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38454 From: David Kling Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Salve:
Congratulations, I love the nomen Lucretius!
Question, is Gladius no longer a viable Nomen? I noticed the former Mater
Familias is a Lucretius also.
Vale;
C. Fabius Buteo Modianus

On 10/26/05, M. Lucretius Agricola <wm_hogue@...> wrote:
>
> M. Lucretius Agricola Omnibus S.P.D.
>
>
> By kind permission of the Censores I have put down the sword and will
> no longer be known as Marcus Gladius Agricola, but rather as Marcus
> Lucretius Agricola.
>
> Thanks to the Censores and to all Citizens for this opportunity to
> take up this ancient name. I pledge to do what little I can to honor
> the traditions of my adopted ancestors. I will attempt to continue to
> grow in the Religio, I will also continue to honor Apollo and to
> attempt to be a bridge between the Roman world and that of the Hellenes.
>
>
>
> Di vos incolumes custodiant
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38455 From: M. Lucretius Agricola Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Salve,

I am sure that "Gladius" as a nomen is unhistorical. Once or twice in
recent discussions I have seen it alluded to, and not as an example to
follow. It is also not listed on the "names" page. Purely as a guess
therefore I would speculate that there will be no new Gladii except by
birth or adoption.

Personally I had always felt a little uneasy about it, but I was very
happy to be associated with Cyrene. I am very happy indeed that she
has joined me in this change.


Perhaps I should mention that there are very nice, historical names
still unused. It is an interesting exercise to google a nomen plus the
word "denarius" and see if any hits come up for coins minted by a
member of the gens in question.


Optime Vale

M. Lucretius Agricola



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, David Kling <tau.athanasios@g...> wrote:
>
> Salve:
> Congratulations, I love the nomen Lucretius!
> Question, is Gladius no longer a viable Nomen? I noticed the former
Mater
> Familias is a Lucretius also.
> Vale;
> C. Fabius Buteo Modianus
>
> On 10/26/05, M. Lucretius Agricola <wm_hogue@y...> wrote:
> >
> > M. Lucretius Agricola Omnibus S.P.D.
> >
> >
> > By kind permission of the Censores I have put down the sword and will
> > no longer be known as Marcus Gladius Agricola, but rather as Marcus
> > Lucretius Agricola.
> >
> > Thanks to the Censores and to all Citizens for this opportunity to
> > take up this ancient name. I pledge to do what little I can to honor
> > the traditions of my adopted ancestors. I will attempt to continue to
> > grow in the Religio, I will also continue to honor Apollo and to
> > attempt to be a bridge between the Roman world and that of the
Hellenes.
> >
> >
> >
> > Di vos incolumes custodiant
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38456 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: a.d. VI Kal. Nov.
OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem VI Kalendas Novembris; haec dies comitialis est.

"The terrible severity of the punishment, however, made the soldiers
more obedient to their general, and not only did it lead to greater
attention being paid to the pickets and sentry duties and the ordering
of the outposts, but when they went into battle for the final contest,
this severity proved to be of the greatest service. The battle was
exactly like one fought in a civil war; there was nothing in the Latin
army different from the Roman except their courage. At first the
Romans used the large round shield called the clipeus, afterwards,
when the soldiers received pay, the smaller oblong shield called the
scutum was adopted. The phalanx formation, similar to the Macedonian
of the earlier days, was abandoned in favour of the distribution into
companies (manipuli); the rear portion being broken up into smaller
divisions. The foremost line consisted of the hastati, formed into
fifteen companies, drawn up at a short distance from each other. These
were called the light-armed companies, as whilst one-third carried a
long spear (hasta) and short iron javelins, the remainder carried
shields. This front line consisted of youths in the first bloom of
manhood just old enough for service. Behind them were stationed an
equal number of companies, called principes, made up of men in the
full vigour of life, all carrying shields and furnished with superior
weapons. This body of thirty companies were called the antepilani.
Behind them were the standards under which were stationed fifteen
companies, which were divided into three sections called vexillae, the
first section in each was called the pilus, and they consisted of 180
men to every standard (vexillum). The first vexillum was followed by
the triarii, veterans of proved courage; the second by the rorarii, or
"skirmishers," younger men and less distinguished; the third by the
accensi, who were least to be depended upon, and were therefore placed
in the rearmost line.

When the battle formation of the army was completed, the hastati were
the first to engage. If they failed to repulse the enemy, they slowly
retired through the intervals between the companies of the principes
who then took up the fight, the hastati following in their rear. The
triarii, meantime, were resting on one knee under their standards,
their shields over their shoulders and their spears planted on the
ground with the points upwards, giving them the appearance of a
bristling palisade. If the principes were also unsuccessful, they
slowly retired to the triarii, which has given rise to the proverbial
saying, when people are in great difficulty "matters have come down to
the triarii." When the triarii had admitted the hastati and principes
through the intervals separating their companies they rose from their
kneeling posture and instantly closing their companies up they blocked
all passage through them and in one compact mass fell on the enemy as
the last hope of the army. The enemy who had followed up the others as
though they had defeated them, saw with dread a now and larger army
rising apparently out of the earth. There were generally four legions
enrolled, consisting each of 5000 men, and 300 cavalry were assigned
to each legion. A force of equal size used to be supplied by the
Latins, now, however, they were hostile to Rome. The two armies were
drawn up in the same formation, and they knew that if the maniples
kept their order they would have to fight, not only vexilla with
vexilla, hastati with hastati, principes with principes, but even
centurion with centurion. There were amongst the triarii two
centurions, one in each army-the Roman, possessing but little bodily
strength but an energetic and experienced soldier, the Latin, a man of
enormous strength and a splendid fighter-very well known to each other
because they had always served in the same company. The Roman,
distrusting his own strength, had obtained the consuls' permission
before leaving Rome to choose his own sub-centurion to protect him
from the man who was destined to be his enemy. This youth, finding
himself face to face with the Latin centurion, gained a victory over
him." - Livy, History of Rome 8.8


PERSON OF THE DAY - FAUNUS

The god of wild nature and fertility, also regarded as the giver of
oracles. He was later identified with the Greek Pan and also assumed
some of Pan's characteristics such as the horns and hooves. As the
protector of cattle he is also referred to as Lupercus ("he who wards
off the wolf") by Justin Martyr.

Faunus was known as the father of Bona Dea (Fauna, his feminine side)
and Latinus by the nymph Marica (who was also sometimes Faunus'
mother). One particular tradition tells that Faunus was the king of
Latium, and the son of Picus. After his death he was deified as
Fatuus, and a small cult formed around his person in the sacred forest
of Tibur (Tivoli). On February 15 (the founding date of his temple)
his feast, the Lupercalia, was celebrated. Priests (called the
Luperci) wearing goat skins walked through the streets of Rome and hit
the spectators with belts made from goat skin. Another festival was
the Faunalia, observed on December 5.

He is accompanied by the fauns, analogous to the Greek satyrs. His
feminine counterpart is Fauna. The wolfskin, wreath, and a goblet are
his attributes

Valete bene!

Cato



SOURCES

Livy (http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Liv2His.html),
Faunus
(http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/roman/articles.html)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38457 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Salve Gai Fabi Buteo Modiane,

> Question, is Gladius no longer a viable Nomen?

There are still some who bear the name, so it isn't going to vanish from
the Album Gentium just yet. But perhaps with the strong example of
family leaders it soon will. The problem with the name is that it's a
noun and not properly declinable as a nomen genticulum. While it did
technically fit within the paramaters of the most recently published
naming rules, the leaders among the gens recognized the deeper truth and
took advantage of the edictum to correct a past error.

Vale,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38458 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
A. Apollonius C. Equitio omnibusque sal.

Your side note is well noted, but it tells us little
but that our lex constitutiva as a whole has some
similarities with the U.S. Constitution as a whole.
Since this is something anyone can see at a glance, it
is somewhat superfluous to produce evidence, but thank
you anyway. My challenge to you, however, was more
specifically to produce some evidence *from within the
text of the lex constitutiva* to suggest that article
I.B of that text is intended to be interpreted in an
American way rather than a Roman way. If all you can
produce is a general similarity between the whole
document and the equivalent American document, you are
rather vulnerable to my response that there are also,
if one looks closely, certain similarities between our
lex constitutiva and the constitutional arrangements
of the ancient Roman republic. ;)

But let's look at the main point. I'm glad you accept
that this particular edictum cannot be considered
unconstitutional. But you go on to put forward the
following:

> My point is that the censors can do anything they
> like in accordance
> with the powers granted to them by the lex
> constitutiva; however, once
> they have issued an edict, it has gone from simply a
> matter of
> practical policy to a matter of binding law. To
> follow your example,
> a censor could order everyone he saw to take off
> their red hats in his
> house; if, however, he officially, publicly
> pronounces an edict
> forbidding the wearing of red hats, he has brought
> the matter out of
> private, internal practice into public effect. The
> argument is not
> whether or not he has the power to issue such an
> edict (taking for the
> sake of argument that he can); it is a matter of the
> effect of the
> edict upon the legal atmosphere of the Republic.
>
> Since I hold that an edict is, in fact and in
> accordance with the lex
> constitutiva, a legally-binding instrument, it
> cannot be applied
> retroactively --- it cannot penalize anyone who
> acted contrary to its
> conditions prior to its issuance, any more than
> anyone can be
> penalized for breaking a law that did not exist when
> they took the
> action which would break that law after it came into
> existence.

This is a rather bizarre argument. You say that an
edictum cannot be applied retroactively. Well, this is
not entirely true. A penalty cannot be applied
retroactively. Article I.A.3 of the lex constitutiva
is unequivocally concerned with penalties and
penalties alone. Not every application of an edictum
is a penalty. But in this case I presume you are
regarding the removal of the red hats as the penalty
(a penalty, I suppose, for wearing a red hat), and
thus the application of an edictum which provides for
the wearers of red hats to have their red hats removed
is the imposition of a penalty: the edictum sets out a
penalty for wearing a red hat, which is that the
wearer will have his hat taken away.

Then you tell us that this edictum cannot be applied
retroactively. In other words, the penalty (removal of
hat) cannot be imposed on someone whose prohibited act
(wearing of hat) was performed before the edictum was
published. In other words, although the censor may
remove the hat from the head of a person who is
wearing at hat *now*, he cannot remove the hat from
the head of someone who *used* to wear a hat but is
not wearing one any longer. In other words, it is
unconstitutional to remove the hat from the head of a
person who is not wearing a hat.

Well, it may perhaps be unconstitutional for a censor
to remove a hat from a hatless man, but I suggest that
we are not likely to find this particular type of
unconstitutional behaviour occurring very often. :)

Seriously, though, I think this rather absurd outcome
shows that you must have gone wrong somewhere in your
reasoning. Let me suggest that what's happened is
this: you have interpreted the removal of the hat as a
penalty. But what is a penalty? It's hard to define,
but let's look at some examples. Someone has stolen
500 sestertii. He is put in prison. Is this a penalty?
Yes. He is flogged. Is this a penalty? Yes. His arm is
cut off. Is this a penalty? Yes. He is ordered to give
the 500 sestertii back to the person he stole it from.
Is this a penalty? Aha! Here's the crucial point. If
someone stole money from you and a court simply
ordered him to give you back the money, would you
consider that he had been punished? I don't think you
would: he has suffered nothing worse than being
returned to the same state that he was in before he
robbed you. Similarly, in your example, by removing
the hat from its wearer's head the censor is not
punishing him, he is merely returning him to the state
he would have been in if he had not committed the
offence in the first place.

But let's correct your example so that we can move on
to see whether your general point is valid. Let's
imagine that the censor issues an edictum forbidding
the wearing of red hats and stating that anyone who
wears a red hat will be flogged. I'll re-write your
example accordingly, sticking as closely as possible
to your own words:

"a censor could flog anyone who wears a red hat; if,
however, he officially, publicly pronounces an edict
forbidding the wearing of red hats and threatening the
punishment of flogging, he has brought the matter out
of private, internal practice into public effect. The
argument is not whether or not he has the power to
issue such an edict (taking for the sake of argument
that he can); it is a matter of the effect of the
edict upon the legal atmosphere of the Republic.

"Since I hold that an edict is, in fact and in
accordance with the lex constitutiva, a
legally-binding instrument, it cannot be applied
retroactively --- it cannot penalize anyone who acted
contrary to its conditions prior to its issuance, any
more than anyone can be penalized for breaking a law
that did not exist when they took the action which
would break that law after it came into existence."

Now we have something to work with. Okay, so you're
saying that it's all very well for the censor to flog
people who wear red hats, but once he issues an
edictum saying that he's going to flog people who wear
red hats then the edictum triggers article I.A.3 on
retroactive application, and he is no longer permitted
to flog people who wore red hats before he issued the
edictum but who have now taken their hats off.

Fair enough. But hang on - you're saying that the
prohibition on retroactive application only begins
when he actually publishes the edictum, because the
edictum is like a lex. This is why it's important that
an edictum is like a lex. A policy not set out in an
edictum, however, is not like a lex, it's just a
policy. So presumably this means that a mere policy
can be applied retroactively. So before he published
this edictum, the censor was perfectly within the law
if he flogged people who had worn red hats many, many
years before. Are you sure?

Let me suggest to you that the difference between an
edictum and an unannounced policy in this example is
totally irrelevant. It is not the fact that the
penalty is prescribed in an edictum which makes it
unconstitutional to apply that penalty retroactively.
It is simply the fact that it is a penalty and it is
applied retroactively. Article I.A.3 prohibits the
imposition of *any* retroactive penalty. Whether it is
imposed under a lex, under an edictum, or under an
unannounced policy is immaterial. So it makes no
difference at all whether an edictum is like a lex or
not. The retroactive penalty is unconstitutional even
in the absence of an edictum.

So once again I am at a loss to understand why you
think it so important that an edictum is essentially
the same as a lex but a bit less powerful. In the
example you give, and in my improved version of the
same example, and indeed in any example you could
concoct which has anything to do with retroactive
punishment, it matters not a whit whether an edictum
is basically like a lex or basically like a banana,
or, as I still contend, basically like a statement of
future policy by a magistrate.



___________________________________________________________
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38459 From: CN•EQVIT•MARINVS (Gnaeus Equitius Mari Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Resignations by magistrates in antiquity
Salvete quirites,

I've been informed by a kind private source that my understanding of
magesterial resignations in Roma Antiqua has been a bit quaint. It turns out
that a fair number of Roman magistrates did resign during their year in
office, and did so unilaterally without obtaining the approval of the comitia
that elected them.

Valete,

Marinus

CN•EQVIT•MARINVS
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38460 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Family name change
Salve Marca Hortensia Major,

Thank you very much for your good wishes and support. You all did an
execptional job in research and I am certain that after some
personal thought and reflection, other citizens will come forward
and adjust the family names to be unquestionably authentic.

Regards,

Quintus Lanius Paulinus




--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Maior" <rory12001@y...> wrote:
>
> M. Hortensia Q. Suetonio Paulino spd:
> many congratulations to you Suetoni Pauline on your
> fine new name. It is the same you and always will be but you are a
> fine example for everyone here.
>
> Believe me, I sympathize with everyone, I've been an unwitting
> victim of bad nomenclature;-) which is one reason I've worked like
> the devil as a researcher with all our experts on the nomenclature
> cohors.So everyone old and new alike in Nova Roma can bear his or
> her Latin name with pride.
>
> Please everyone, the Censors's cohors have these wonderful Latin
> experts like Aula Tullia and scholars and Classicists and
> researchers like Cordus, and dogsbody me to help you all. So
please
> just write and we will gladly help. We've gathered all this first
> class information for you the cives. That is the point. It is a
gift
> of Latinitas, Romanitas - for every single Nova Roman.
> bene valete in pacem deorum
> Marca Hortensia Major TRP
> Cohors Censoris CFB
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38461 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Family name change
> Regards,
>
> Quintus Lanius Paulinus
>
> Hmmm - did it again! - Quintus Suetonius Paulinus


LOL, Likr I told A. Tullia Scholastica, old habits are hard to break!
I should avoid this error after adozen or more postings!


Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Maior" <rory12001@y...> wrote:
> >
> > M. Hortensia Q. Suetonio Paulino spd:
> > many congratulations to you Suetoni Pauline on
your
> > fine new name. It is the same you and always will be but you are
a
> > fine example for everyone here.
> >
> > Believe me, I sympathize with everyone, I've been an unwitting
> > victim of bad nomenclature;-) which is one reason I've worked
like
> > the devil as a researcher with all our experts on the
nomenclature
> > cohors.So everyone old and new alike in Nova Roma can bear his
or
> > her Latin name with pride.
> >
> > Please everyone, the Censors's cohors have these wonderful Latin
> > experts like Aula Tullia and scholars and Classicists and
> > researchers like Cordus, and dogsbody me to help you all. So
> please
> > just write and we will gladly help. We've gathered all this
first
> > class information for you the cives. That is the point. It is a
> gift
> > of Latinitas, Romanitas - for every single Nova Roman.
> > bene valete in pacem deorum
> > Marca Hortensia Major TRP
> > Cohors Censoris CFB
> >
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38462 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Salve M. Lucretius Agricola,

Congratuations on your new family name and welcome to the club!

Regards,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus





--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "M. Lucretius Agricola"
<wm_hogue@y...> wrote:
>
> Salve,
>
> I am sure that "Gladius" as a nomen is unhistorical. Once or twice
in
> recent discussions I have seen it alluded to, and not as an
example to
> follow. It is also not listed on the "names" page. Purely as a
guess
> therefore I would speculate that there will be no new Gladii
except by
> birth or adoption.
>
> Personally I had always felt a little uneasy about it, but I was
very
> happy to be associated with Cyrene. I am very happy indeed that she
> has joined me in this change.
>
>
> Perhaps I should mention that there are very nice, historical names
> still unused. It is an interesting exercise to google a nomen plus
the
> word "denarius" and see if any hits come up for coins minted by a
> member of the gens in question.
>
>
> Optime Vale
>
> M. Lucretius Agricola
>
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, David Kling
<tau.athanasios@g...> wrote:
> >
> > Salve:
> > Congratulations, I love the nomen Lucretius!
> > Question, is Gladius no longer a viable Nomen? I noticed the
former
> Mater
> > Familias is a Lucretius also.
> > Vale;
> > C. Fabius Buteo Modianus
> >
> > On 10/26/05, M. Lucretius Agricola <wm_hogue@y...> wrote:
> > >
> > > M. Lucretius Agricola Omnibus S.P.D.
> > >
> > >
> > > By kind permission of the Censores I have put down the sword
and will
> > > no longer be known as Marcus Gladius Agricola, but rather as
Marcus
> > > Lucretius Agricola.
> > >
> > > Thanks to the Censores and to all Citizens for this
opportunity to
> > > take up this ancient name. I pledge to do what little I can to
honor
> > > the traditions of my adopted ancestors. I will attempt to
continue to
> > > grow in the Religio, I will also continue to honor Apollo and
to
> > > attempt to be a bridge between the Roman world and that of the
> Hellenes.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > Di vos incolumes custodiant
> > >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38463 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Census
Salvete omnes,

Until our report is out regarding our population I'll refrain from
discussing numbers or stats. I would say however, after visting the
album gentium and provincial lists I see they have been re-adjusted
and some show 50 - 66 % reductions in citizens.

I am not at all surprised here. Speaking from my experience, I have
not been able to get a hold of many of the names on our provincial
list in spite of repeatedly trying for over 3 years anyway and still
recall getting no answers from various gens when I first applied for
citizenship. Some well known citizens did resign their posts and
citizenships saying adios and giving their reasons,yet the majority
of others were there in name yet we never heard a wink or posting
from them.

Personally I do not feel discouraged. It is a good opportunity to
regroup and organize and start building NR up with the help of
qualified classic professionals this time. As Senator Flavia Livia
said about 6 months ago, she would rather have good quality than
quantity with regards to her citizens in Britannia and I agree; the
new citizenship admission standards should filter out more flakey
types and embrace those that really want to be here. Certainly there
are a fair number of critics here (highly qualified too) who get on
the list arguing and chewing some of us out on our ideas off and on
but their opinions are important to consider as well and frustrated
or irritated as they are at times, do you know what? They are still
here contributing.


Regards,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38464 From: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: LUDI VICTORIAE SULLANAE - Certamen Hist. SOLUTION #1
SOLUTION #1 for the Historical Contest of the Ludi Victoriae Sullanae

CN CORNELIUS LENTULUS QUIRITIBUS SPD:


Here follows the correct answer for the 1st question of our Certamen.

QUAESTIO N°1 - Originally the Cornelius Sulla family
was named with another cognomen; The dictator's
great-grandfather was the first who had the "Sulla" as
second cognomen, and the grandfather was who left the
former cognomen and used only the "Sulla". What was
the original cognomen of the family?

RESPONSUM N°1 - The ancestors of the Cornelius Sulla family were the Cornelii Rufini. The Dictator Sulla's great garndfather, Publius Cornelius Rufinus Sulla was the first Rufinus having cognomen "Sulla", but his descendants omitted the cognomen "Rufinus".


(The rules of Certamen Historicum:
http://www.cohorssullana.grafosystem.ro/rules.htm)

Come on, let's go, Nova Romans! The racing starts just
now!!!






VALETE QVAM OPTIME!
Happy Ludi Victoriae Sullanae!


Cnaeus Cornelius Lentulus,
Scriba Ludorum - Aedilis Curulis L. Iulii Sullae
Accensus Consulis
Propraetor Pannoniae

---------------------------------
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38465 From: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: LUDI VICTORIAE SULLANAE - Certamen Historicum #1
Historical Contest #2 of The Ludi Victoriae Sullanae

YOU CAN BEGIN NOW!!!
It's not important if you haven't done yesterday:
YOU CAN START NOW!!!!!
You can start sending answers anytime!!!

CN CORNELIVS LENTVLVS QVIRITIBVS SALVTEM DICIT:
Avete, Quirites, in the name of Aedilis L. Iulius!

This is a Historical Contest not only for historians
but also for everyone who loves Roman history! It's
not important if you haven't done yesterday: you can
begin now! You can start sending answers anytime!


And here follows the 2nd question for our Certamen
Historicum:

QUAESTIO N°2 – Dictator Sulla was honoured a special cognomen, too: he was called "Felix" because of his perpetual felicity on the battlefields. But the Greek part of the Roman world used another (Greek) word to address him. This Greek name of Sulla was also famous: but what was this?



It's not important if you haven't done yesterday: you
can begin now!!! We are waiting for you answers, and
remember that you have just to write at the following
email:
cnaeus_cornelius@...

Here are the rules of Certamen Historicum:
http://www.cohorssullana.grafosystem.ro/rules.htm






VALETE QVAM OPTIME!
Happy Ludi Victoriae Sullanae!


Cnaeus Cornelius Lentulus,
Scriba Ludorum - Aedilis Curulis L. Iulii Sullae
Accensus Consulis
Propraetor Pannoniae

---------------------------------
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38466 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Sulla's Epitaph
Salvete omnes,

This contest reminds me:

His epitaph, composed by Sulla himself, was "No greater friend, no
worse enemy."

Ah, I like his dry sense of humor and originality!


Regards,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38467 From: Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: ONCE AGAIN PLEASE OBSERVE: Edictum Censoris CFBQ XL about the end o
Ex Officio Censoris Caesonis Fabii Buteo Quintiliani

Edictum Censoris CFBQ XL about the final Report of the Census of Nova Roma 2758

I. It appears that the work on the preparations for Census Report is
causing some technical difficulties in showing the correct number of
citizens and socii in the Album Gentium and other albii. During the
work to get the Album Gentium and others albii the number may be seen
to decrease and this might indicate the end result. Still the end
result will not be clear until the technical difficulties are
"corrected", with the help of the Magister Aranearius, at the end of
the needed number crushing. The final Census report still will appear
before the 1st of December.

II. This Edictum becomes effective immediately.

Given the 27th of October, in the year of the Consulship of
Franciscus Apulus Caesar and Gaius Popillius Laenas, 2758 AUC.
--

Vale

Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus

Censor, Consularis et Senator
Praeses, Triumvir et Praescriptor Academia Thules ad S.R.A. et N.
Editor-in-Chief, Publisher and Owner of "Roman Times Quarterly"
Sodalitas Egressus Beneficarius et Praefectus Provincia Thules
Civis Romanus sum
************************************************
Cohors Censoris CFBQ
http://www.hanenberg-media-webdesign.com/cohors/index_uk.htm
************************************************
Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
"I'll either find a way or make one"
************************************************
Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38468 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Sulla's Epitaph
Salve Quintus Suetonius Paulinus

Did you know that the US Marines or at least some of them are using this slogan in Iraq.

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus


----- Original Message -----
From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kelly)<mailto:mjk@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Thursday, October 27, 2005 12:52 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Sulla's Epitaph


Salvete omnes,

This contest reminds me:

His epitaph, composed by Sulla himself, was "No greater friend, no
worse enemy."

Ah, I like his dry sense of humor and originality!


Regards,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus





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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38469 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Sulla's Epitaph
Salve amice!

No I didn't but that saying would certainly be translatable, clear
and effective in all languages.

Regards,

QSP




--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Timothy P. Gallagher"
<spqr753@m...> wrote:
>
> Salve Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
>
> Did you know that the US Marines or at least some of them are
using this slogan in Iraq.
>
> Vale
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kelly)
<mailto:mjk@d...>
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Thursday, October 27, 2005 12:52 PM
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] Sulla's Epitaph
>
>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> This contest reminds me:
>
> His epitaph, composed by Sulla himself, was "No greater friend,
no
> worse enemy."
>
> Ah, I like his dry sense of humor and originality!
>
>
> Regards,
>
> Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
>
>
>
>
>
> SPONSORED LINKS Ancient history<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?
t=ms&k=Ancient+history&w1=Ancient+history&w2=Fall+of+the+roman+empire
&w3=The+fall+of+the+roman+empire&w4=Roman+empire&c=4&s=103&.sig=fjrrf
WGmNj-9VzE29-5RqQ> Fall of the roman
empire<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?
t=ms&k=Fall+of+the+roman+empire&w1=Ancient+history&w2=Fall+of+the+rom
an+empire&w3=The+fall+of+the+roman+empire&w4=Roman+empire&c=4&s=103&.
sig=o-616ER_E9HbAgY7S7bgGA> The fall of the roman
empire<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?
t=ms&k=The+fall+of+the+roman+empire&w1=Ancient+history&w2=Fall+of+the
+roman+empire&w3=The+fall+of+the+roman+empire&w4=Roman+empire&c=4&s=1
03&.sig=3ssQInnLWGqC1FVNATfGNQ>
> Roman empire<http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?
t=ms&k=Roman+empire&w1=Ancient+history&w2=Fall+of+the+roman+empire&w3
=The+fall+of+the+roman+empire&w4=Roman+empire&c=4&s=103&.sig=JnsqrFDC
8rUYfVpJVe3Qiw>
>
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------------
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>
> a.. Visit your group "Nova-
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>
> b.. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
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>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38470 From: Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Census
Salve Quintus Suetonius Paulinus!

To begin with I want to congratulate You to your new and glorious Nomen!

Your observations are correct and I have been aware of this phenomena
for some days. Please read my latest edictum where I explain the
situation.

>Salvete omnes,
>
>Until our report is out regarding our population I'll refrain from
>discussing numbers or stats. I would say however, after visting the
>album gentium and provincial lists I see they have been re-adjusted
>and some show 50 - 66 % reductions in citizens.

Well there might be a decrease of some categories of citizens and
socii, but the numbers are not final and I think we should wait until
we start analyzing them. Some parts of Nova Roma might be able to
show better end results then others and some numbers might need to be
decreased and other only seemingly so. Please wait until we are able
to report/show the correct end results.

The reasons for these changes are partly technical and all needed
changes will be reported in the final Census Report. While I have
nothing against discussions about the Census now when the official
counting is over, I just warn citizens to draw any final conclusions
from the un-finished numbers shown in the different albii.

>I am not at all surprised here. Speaking from my experience, I have
>not been able to get a hold of many of the names on our provincial
>list in spite of repeatedly trying for over 3 years anyway and still
>recall getting no answers from various gens when I first applied for
>citizenship. Some well known citizens did resign their posts and
>citizenships saying adios and giving their reasons,

Many of those have at last been identified during the Census and re-classified.

>yet the majority
>of others were there in name yet we never heard a wink or posting
>from them.
>
>Personally I do not feel discouraged.

There is no reason yet or maybe not even at the end of the Census,
but I am sure that we all will want to participate in the analyzes
when the final results are public.

>It is a good opportunity to
>regroup and organize and start building NR up with the help of
>qualified classic professionals this time. As Senator Flavia Livia
>said about 6 months ago, she would rather have good quality than
>quantity with regards to her citizens in Britannia and I agree;

Wasn't it Vladimir Lenin who also said something like that? ;-)

>the
>new citizenship admission standards should filter out more flakey
>types and embrace those that really want to be here. Certainly there
>are a fair number of critics here (highly qualified too) who get on
>the list arguing and chewing some of us out on our ideas off and on
>but their opinions are important to consider as well and frustrated
>or irritated as they are at times, do you know what? They are still
>here contributing.
>

Thank You my friend for keeping your eyes open and for your great
loyalty to the Res Publica. I certainly, as I started the "Name
reform", note the support for the this reform that You have given by
changing your Nomen. By doing so You are among those who are changing
the "Name reform" from a "dry" legal change to the name system to a
"living" popular change of the names in our beloved Res Publica.
Thank You!

>Regards,
>
>Quintus Suetonius Paulinus

--

Vale

Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus

Censor, Consularis et Senator
Praeses, Triumvir et Praescriptor Academia Thules ad S.R.A. et N.
Editor-in-Chief, Publisher and Owner of "Roman Times Quarterly"
Sodalitas Egressus Beneficarius et Praefectus Provincia Thules
Civis Romanus sum
************************************************
Cohors Censoris CFBQ
http://www.hanenberg-media-webdesign.com/cohors/index_uk.htm
************************************************
Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
"I'll either find a way or make one"
************************************************
Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38471 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Census
Salve Censor Quintilianus,

Thank you for your kinhd words and fast action of your office in
quickly facilitating my family name change.

I just read the edictum and understand the situation better. I'll
certainly wait for the numbers to come out Dec.1 before commenting
further on the lists.

Respectfully,

Quintus Lanius Paulinus


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus
<christer.edling@t...> wrote:
>
> Salve Quintus Suetonius Paulinus!
>
> To begin with I want to congratulate You to your new and glorious
Nomen!
>
> Your observations are correct and I have been aware of this
phenomena
> for some days. Please read my latest edictum where I explain the
> situation.
>
> >Salvete omnes,
> >
> >Until our report is out regarding our population I'll refrain from
> >discussing numbers or stats. I would say however, after visting
the
> >album gentium and provincial lists I see they have been re-
adjusted
> >and some show 50 - 66 % reductions in citizens.
>
> Well there might be a decrease of some categories of citizens and
> socii, but the numbers are not final and I think we should wait
until
> we start analyzing them. Some parts of Nova Roma might be able to
> show better end results then others and some numbers might need to
be
> decreased and other only seemingly so. Please wait until we are
able
> to report/show the correct end results.
>
> The reasons for these changes are partly technical and all needed
> changes will be reported in the final Census Report. While I have
> nothing against discussions about the Census now when the official
> counting is over, I just warn citizens to draw any final
conclusions
> from the un-finished numbers shown in the different albii.
>
> >I am not at all surprised here. Speaking from my experience, I
have
> >not been able to get a hold of many of the names on our provincial
> >list in spite of repeatedly trying for over 3 years anyway and
still
> >recall getting no answers from various gens when I first applied
for
> >citizenship. Some well known citizens did resign their posts and
> >citizenships saying adios and giving their reasons,
>
> Many of those have at last been identified during the Census and
re-classified.
>
> >yet the majority
> >of others were there in name yet we never heard a wink or posting
> >from them.
> >
> >Personally I do not feel discouraged.
>
> There is no reason yet or maybe not even at the end of the Census,
> but I am sure that we all will want to participate in the analyzes
> when the final results are public.
>
> >It is a good opportunity to
> >regroup and organize and start building NR up with the help of
> >qualified classic professionals this time. As Senator Flavia Livia
> >said about 6 months ago, she would rather have good quality than
> >quantity with regards to her citizens in Britannia and I agree;
>
> Wasn't it Vladimir Lenin who also said something like that? ;-)
>
> >the
> >new citizenship admission standards should filter out more flakey
> >types and embrace those that really want to be here. Certainly
there
> >are a fair number of critics here (highly qualified too) who get
on
> >the list arguing and chewing some of us out on our ideas off and
on
> >but their opinions are important to consider as well and
frustrated
> >or irritated as they are at times, do you know what? They are
still
> >here contributing.
> >
>
> Thank You my friend for keeping your eyes open and for your great
> loyalty to the Res Publica. I certainly, as I started the "Name
> reform", note the support for the this reform that You have given
by
> changing your Nomen. By doing so You are among those who are
changing
> the "Name reform" from a "dry" legal change to the name system to
a
> "living" popular change of the names in our beloved Res Publica.
> Thank You!
>
> >Regards,
> >
> >Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
>
> --
>
> Vale
>
> Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus
>
> Censor, Consularis et Senator
> Praeses, Triumvir et Praescriptor Academia Thules ad S.R.A. et N.
> Editor-in-Chief, Publisher and Owner of "Roman Times Quarterly"
> Sodalitas Egressus Beneficarius et Praefectus Provincia Thules
> Civis Romanus sum
> ************************************************
> Cohors Censoris CFBQ
> http://www.hanenberg-media-webdesign.com/cohors/index_uk.htm
> ************************************************
> Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
> "I'll either find a way or make one"
> ************************************************
> Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
> Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38472 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
> Salve, M. Lucreti Agricola, et salvete, omnes!
>
> Let me first congratulate you, M. Lucreti, on your new nomen!
>
> Salve,
>
> I am sure that "Gladius" as a nomen is unhistorical. Once or twice in
> recent discussions I have seen it alluded to, and not as an example to
> follow. It is also not listed on the "names" page. Purely as a guess
> therefore I would speculate that there will be no new Gladii except by
> birth or adoption.
>
> ATS: Morphologically, Œgladius¹ falls within the guidelines set in the
> (hopefully) preliminary edictum just published, but it is indeed a noun, not
> an adjective as nomina must be. Like Lanius, it is a marginal case, however,
> for it is just on the barest fringe of possibility that an adjective of
> identical form could be created from either of these names‹but no such
> adjective is in my unabridged Latin dictionaries, the better and more recent
> of which extends well into the common era.
>
> It must be said, however, that there are gentes which have nomina which
> clearly do not fall within even this very preliminary guideline, some for
> similar reasons, i.e., that the nomen is a noun, not an adjective, and some
> for other reasons. I would hesitate to list these without censorial
> permission lest we encounter more problems relating to the sensitivity of such
> issues, but perhaps those interested may contact the censores directly and
> discuss the matter with them.
>
> Personally I had always felt a little uneasy about it, but I was very
> happy to be associated with Cyrene. I am very happy indeed that she
> has joined me in this change.
>
>
> Perhaps I should mention that there are very nice, historical names
> still unused. It is an interesting exercise to google a nomen plus the
> word "denarius" and see if any hits come up for coins minted by a
> member of the gens in question.
>
>
> Optime Vale
>
> M. Lucretius Agricola
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
>
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, David Kling <tau.athanasios@g...> wrote:
>> >
>> > Salve:
>> > Congratulations, I love the nomen Lucretius!
>> > Question, is Gladius no longer a viable Nomen? I noticed the former
> Mater
>> > Familias is a Lucretius also.
>> > Vale;
>> > C. Fabius Buteo Modianus
>> >
>> > On 10/26/05, M. Lucretius Agricola <wm_hogue@y...> wrote:
>>> > >
>>> > > M. Lucretius Agricola Omnibus S.P.D.
>>> > >
>>> > >
>>> > > By kind permission of the Censores I have put down the sword and will
>>> > > no longer be known as Marcus Gladius Agricola, but rather as Marcus
>>> > > Lucretius Agricola.
>>> > >
>>> > > Thanks to the Censores and to all Citizens for this opportunity to
>>> > > take up this ancient name. I pledge to do what little I can to honor
>>> > > the traditions of my adopted ancestors. I will attempt to continue to
>>> > > grow in the Religio, I will also continue to honor Apollo and to
>>> > > attempt to be a bridge between the Roman world and that of the
> Hellenes.
>>> > >
>>> > >
>>> > >
>>> > > Di vos incolumes custodiant
>>> > >
>> >
>> >
>> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>> >
>
>
>
>
>
>




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38473 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Two General Questions On Name Changes
Salvete omnes,

Being in and out a lot, perhaps I missed some information and the gens
reforms last year but two questions have come to mind that some
citizens will think about:

1) If say citizen Gaius Smithsus Falco changes his name to Gaius
Iulius or Octavius Falco, both Patrician families, does that
automatically make him Patrician. I am not clear about changing social
classes since one does not apply directly to the paterfamilias anymore.
If Gaius Smithsus Falco is a tribune would changing his name to Iulius
or another Patrician name force him to resign his term in office since
Patrians cannot be tribunes?

2) I see the name Tarquinia on the album gentium. Now since there are
no citizens there to be offended at the moment, I wanted to point out
that I read an article this morning that Romans from the Republic
onward did not dare use that name because of the unpopularity of the
Kings much like you never hear Judeo-Christians using the name Jezebel
today and throughout history.

These two questions have nothing to do with me personally but may come
to mind for other citizens adjusting family names.

Thanks,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38474 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Legal issues arising
C. Equitius Cato A. Apollonio quiritibusque S.P.D.

Salve et salvete.

Corde, you wrote:

"Then you tell us that this edictum cannot be applied retroactively.
In other words, the penalty (removal of hat) cannot be imposed on
someone whose prohibited act (wearing of hat) was performed before the
edictum was published."

This is exactly incorrect. The penalty is *not* the removal of the
red hat, the penalty would be the punishment inflicted because they
were wearing a red hat after the issuance of the edict banning the
wearing of red hats. Removal of the hat is part and parcel with the
forced observance of the edict. Of course it is ridiculous to imagine
taking a hat off a hatless man as a penalty; it is not so ridiculous
to imagine flogging a man who is discovered wearing the red hat after
he wasn't supposed to.

Consider this: the censors issue an edict saying that any citizen
found wearing a red hat will be flogged. Seven years ago, a group of
citizens were granted the right to wear red hats by the same
authority, the censors at the time. Do the censors today have the
right to flog the citizens who were given the right to wear red hats,
and thus violate the sanctioning of red hat wearing that their
predecessors gave? Whether you argue that the authority of a
censorial edict springs from the document which creates all legal
authority in the Republic (as I do) or from the power invested in the
legal authority itself (as you do), the *effect* is the same: the
red-hatted citizen is being punished for breaking a law passed by the
exact same authority which allowed him to (in effect) break that law
in the first place.

The problem with the "red hat" analogy is that it is easy to remove an
article of clothing. What if it were a brand on the citizen's skin?

There is a vast difference between a "statement of policy" and a law.
One has legally-binding repercussions, and the other does not. Let's
say a censors decided to admit someone into a gens whose name had been
chosen as unfit. If the edict is a merely statement of policy, then
the censor is merely changing policy and can do so at will ---
according to you, he can even do so for as long as he likes, then
simply announce his new practice as new policy when and if he decides
to do so. If the edict has the "binding" force of a legal instrument,
then the censor has broken the law.

Vale et valete,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38475 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: taxpayer update
Salve Romans

Upon the suggestion of Propraetor Arnamentia Moravia Aurelia and fully concurring with it I have applied the gift tax payment to
Marcus Nemo Ursus (Floreus) who has just returned to the province of America Austroccidentalis after some time overseas serving in the military.

The Album Gentium has been updated and Marcus Nemo Ursus (Floreus) Assidui status has been registered.

Vale



Tiberius Galerius Paulinus Consular Quaestor







[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38476 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Classical Age ?
Salve Romans

This came up on an other Roman site and I thought it was a good question

Robin Lane Fox, the author of "Alexander the Great" and "Pagans
and Christians" now has a new history book out: "The Classical Age.
A history from Homer to Hadrian".

Do you agree that the Classical Age ended with Hadrian's reign?

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38477 From: iulius sabinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Two General Questions On Name Changes
SALVE QUINTE SUETONI !

My opinnion only for the first question.

"Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kelly)" <mjk@...> wrote:

<<Salvete omnes,

Being in and out a lot, perhaps I missed some information and the gens
reforms last year but two questions have come to mind that some
citizens will think about:

1) If say citizen Gaius Smithsus Falco changes his name to Gaius
Iulius or Octavius Falco, both Patrician families, does that
automatically make him Patrician.>>



No, that it isn't an automatically proces because " Lex Labiena de Gentibus " specify :

" c. The Senate shall have the power to nominate additional families to the Comitia Curiata for elevation to patrician status if this elevation does not cause the Ordo Patricius to exceed 5% of the population of Nova Roma."

If I know well, we already have 5% from the NR population Patricians.

And we have in Iulia gens, from this reason, Plebeians.




<<I am not clear about changing social
classes since one does not apply directly to the paterfamilias anymore.
If Gaius Smithsus Falco is a tribune would changing his name to Iulius
or another Patrician name force him to resign his term in office since
Patricians cannot be tribunes?>>

I guess, only if he will be a Patrician in that gens.



VALE BENE,

IVL SABINVS









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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38478 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Two General Questions On Name Changes
Salve Quinte Suetoni, et salvete quirites,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) wrote:

> 1) If say citizen Gaius Smithsus Falco changes his name to Gaius
> Iulius or Octavius Falco, both Patrician families, does that
> automatically make him Patrician.

No. Historically there were patrician and plebeian branches of a great
many gentes.

> 2) I see the name Tarquinia on the album gentium. Now since there are
> no citizens there to be offended at the moment, I wanted to point out
> that I read an article this morning that Romans from the Republic
> onward did not dare use that name because of the unpopularity of the
> Kings much like you never hear Judeo-Christians using the name Jezebel
> today and throughout history.

We'll get rid of it when we update the website. I will not currently
approve any applications to join that gens, given its unfortunate history.

Vale, et valete,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38479 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Classical Age ?
Salve Tiberi Galeri, et salvete omnes,

Timothy P. Gallagher wrote:

> Salve Romans
>
> This came up on an other Roman site and I thought it was a good question
>
> Robin Lane Fox, the author of "Alexander the Great" and "Pagans
> and Christians" now has a new history book out: "The Classical Age.
> A history from Homer to Hadrian".
>
> Do you agree that the Classical Age ended with Hadrian's reign?

Of course not, and I doubt anyone else would agree with that either.
However, the author had to stop somewhere, and the name Hadrian provides
a convenient H-word to ballance Homer.

Vale, et valete,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38480 From: Titus Iulius Sabinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: LUDI VICTORIAE SULLANAE - The Q. Caecilius Metellus Coin Auction
SALVETE !

Don't forget !

From Pompeia Minucia Tiberia :

WE have a coin! And YOU just might end up owning it! YES YOU!!!

SERIOUSLY QUIRITES............

For every $9.75 donation in U.S. dollars 'or' for every 8,00 Euro
donation to the Magna Mater Fund you make from now until Nov. 2 noon
Roma time....YOU will gain an opportunity to own this silver
denarus...a confirmed mint of Q. Caecilius Metellus
Numidicus...Consul Roma 109 BCE. AND...........what better way to
celebrate the upcoming Ludi Victoriae Sullae Novae Romae, help the
Magna Mater Project financially, and also honour a benefactor of the
Magna Mater from antiqua? Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus did indeed
restore the Temple of Magna Mater after a fire destroyed this sacred
place of Rome around 110 BCE.

Details of the coin:


Purchased from Angloantiquities co. U.K.
Certificate of Authenticity with coin
www.angloantiquities.com

Particulars: estimated age 130 BCE
Roman Silver Denaris
weight: 3.8 gm
size 18 mm
Graded F. Most of the markings are still quite sharp. The coin has
lost some of its symmetry and has some of the outer edge markings
missing. Well, it is old, what can we say?....But for the most part
distinguishable. It is genuine. There is more than one of these,
though. Here is a URL
from a collector (not the vendor) describing the features of this
coin in detail. The coin is easily identified from this picture,
feature for feature, but it presents as sharper 'in hand' than the
image on line:

http://www.romanrepublicancoins.com/Q_Caecilius_Metellus.html

HOW TO MAKE A DONATION TO THE MAGNA MATER FUND

The Paypal feature has always been available, (the same way many of
us pay taxes) and this is the preferred way to go, as this campaign
will run only until Nov. 2 1200 Roman Time. Visit the main Nova Roma
website :
www.novaroma.org and you will see a Graphic inviting donations. Its
about two third way down, is purple in colour. And it says, Dono
Dare/Give to Nova Roma via Paypal. Click on this graphic, follow the
prompts for info on how to use Paypal to transfer funds from
yourself to us.

****Be SURE to stipulate "Magna Mater Fund" with your donations
please, so that we (and the Quaestors) know specifically what the
money is for, and you will be credited by us and gain a chance to
own the coin above****

If you are extra generous and wish to donate twice the amount above,
well then you will get two chances to own this coin, Three times the
amount, three chances. Sixty Six times the amount, and Sixty Six
chances:)

CUSTODE OF SELECTION OF WINNER

The Honorable Lucia Modia Lupa, Vestal et Sacerdos Diana has
graciously offered her services. Ave Modia! We will request a list
of names of those who donated to this worthy cause. (If you have
donated 66 times the amount, yes, your name will appear on the list
66 times) The entered names on this list will be witnessed and
numbered randomly by myself, Lucius Iulius Sulla Curule Aedile or
his designate, and Pontifex Nova Roma Q. Caecilius Metellus
Postumianus Pius. Ave Pontifex! The Honored Sacerdos, without
being privy to this list of course, shall, upon request of the
Curule Aedile or his designate, select a number between one and the
total number of those donating
to determine the owner of this coin.

PLEASE NOTE!!!!

There are no losers in this contest. Unfortunately, only one person
can own the coin, but one cannot lose giving a small amount of
funding to such a worthy cause as the valorization of the rich
culture, religion and archeological legacies of the Magna Mater.

This campaign is enacted by Imperium of Lucius Iulius Sulla Curulus
Aedilis in the Consulship of F. Apulus Caesar and G. Popillius
Laenus 2758 A.U.C.


Questions regarding this campaign are welcomed. Please write :
pompeia_minucia_tiberia@...

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS

PS. And please visit the cohors web site to see the progress of the
Ludi.
http://www.cohorssullana.grafosystem.ro
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38481 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Two General Questions On Name Changes
Salve Censor Marine salvete quirites,

Thank you for the answers; just what I wanted to know.

Regards,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
<gawne@c...> wrote:
>
> Salve Quinte Suetoni, et salvete quirites,
>
> Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kelly) wrote:
>
> > 1) If say citizen Gaius Smithsus Falco changes his name to Gaius
> > Iulius or Octavius Falco, both Patrician families, does that
> > automatically make him Patrician.
>
> No. Historically there were patrician and plebeian branches of a
great
> many gentes.
>
> > 2) I see the name Tarquinia on the album gentium. Now since
there are
> > no citizens there to be offended at the moment, I wanted to
point out
> > that I read an article this morning that Romans from the
Republic
> > onward did not dare use that name because of the unpopularity of
the
> > Kings much like you never hear Judeo-Christians using the name
Jezebel
> > today and throughout history.
>
> We'll get rid of it when we update the website. I will not
currently
> approve any applications to join that gens, given its unfortunate
history.
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> -- Marinus
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38482 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: Classical Age ?
Salvete omnes,

According to the encyclopedias:

Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural
history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, which begins roughly with
the earliest recorded Greek poetry of Homer (7th century BC), and
continues through the rise of Christianity and the fall of the
Western Roman Empire (5th century AD), to end in the dissolution of
Classical culture with the close of Late Antiquity (700-800 AD.)


Regards,

QSP











--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
<gawne@c...> wrote:
>
> Salve Tiberi Galeri, et salvete omnes,
>
> Timothy P. Gallagher wrote:
>
> > Salve Romans
> >
> > This came up on an other Roman site and I thought it was a good
question
> >
> > Robin Lane Fox, the author of "Alexander the Great" and "Pagans
> > and Christians" now has a new history book out: "The Classical
Age.
> > A history from Homer to Hadrian".
> >
> > Do you agree that the Classical Age ended with Hadrian's reign?
>
> Of course not, and I doubt anyone else would agree with that
either.
> However, the author had to stop somewhere, and the name Hadrian
provides
> a convenient H-word to ballance Homer.
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> -- Marinus
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38483 From: Gaius Minucius Hadrianus Felix Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Good Book
Salvete.

I'm currently reading an excellent book: "The Battle of Salamis: The
Naval Encounter That Saved Greece - and Western Civilization." by Barry
Strauss who is a Professor of history and classics at Cornell. He begins
with the sea battle at Artemesium and follows the advance of the
Persians from Thermopylae to their undoing at Salamis. I highly
recommend it to anyone interested in the military and political history
of classical Greece.

Valete bene,

Hadrianus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38484 From: M•IVL•SEVERVS Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Salvete omnes,

On October 28 in the year 312, 1693 years ago, Constantine defeated the army of Maxentius, at Milvian Bridge, after trusting in a vision he supposedly had seen of the cross, inscribed with the words, "In this sign conquer." Constantine was converted soon after and became the first Roman emperor to embrace the Christian faith, which he imposed as the religion of the State. He did so with a ferocious intolerance, excluding and reactionary, that contrasted with the traditional Roman tolerance.
I've always thought about this date, as the real beginning of the decay of Rome...

Vale optime,

M•IVL•SEVERVS

--
_______________________________________________
Check out the latest SMS services @ http://www.linuxmail.org
This allows you to send and receive SMS through your mailbox.

Powered by Outblaze
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38485 From: Titus Sergius Rufinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Omnibus SPD T. Sergius Rufinus

While not wishing to debate any view or analysis of history, it
should be pointed out that the Emperor's decree in 313 only legalised
the church - not made it the state religion, nor outlawing any
earlier faith. Christianity was made the state religion of the empire
by Emperor St Theodosius in 380.

http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Great
http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History

Pax et Bonum!


-----
T. SERGIVS RVFINVS
esse quam videri

http://raphael.doxos.com

IH+SV


On 27 Oct 2005, at 2056, M�IVL�SEVERVS wrote:

> Salvete omnes,
>
> On October 28 in the year 312, 1693 years ago, Constantine defeated
> the army of Maxentius, at Milvian Bridge, after trusting in a
> vision he supposedly had seen of the cross, inscribed with the
> words, "In this sign conquer." Constantine was converted soon after
> and became the first Roman emperor to embrace the Christian faith,
> which he imposed as the religion of the State. He did so with a
> ferocious intolerance, excluding and reactionary, that contrasted
> with the traditional Roman tolerance.
> I've always thought about this date, as the real beginning of the
> decay of Rome...
>
> Vale optime,
>
> M�IVL�SEVERVS



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38486 From: Timothy P. Gallagher Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Salve Marcus Iulius Severus

In his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Edward Gibbon agreed to many of things that you wrote but he also said that

"....Religious precepts are easily obeyed, which indulge and sanctify the natural inclinations of their votaries; but the pure and genuine influence of Christianity may be traced in its beneficial, though imperfect, effects on the Barbarian proselytes of the North. If the decline of the Roman empire was hastened by the conversion of Constantine, his victorious religion broke the violence of the fall, and mollified the ferocious temper of the conquerors."....

Its a good thing that Christians can only be blamed for the fall of the empire, Somebody else has to take the rap for killing the Republic.

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus



----- Original Message -----
From: M.IVL.SEVERVS<mailto:marcusiuliusseverus@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Thursday, October 27, 2005 8:56 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...


Salvete omnes,

On October 28 in the year 312, 1693 years ago, Constantine defeated the army of Maxentius, at Milvian Bridge, after trusting in a vision he supposedly had seen of the cross, inscribed with the words, "In this sign conquer." Constantine was converted soon after and became the first Roman emperor to embrace the Christian faith, which he imposed as the religion of the State. He did so with a ferocious intolerance, excluding and reactionary, that contrasted with the traditional Roman tolerance.
I've always thought about this date, as the real beginning of the decay of Rome...

Vale optime,

M.IVL.SEVERVS

--
_______________________________________________
Check out the latest SMS services @ http://www.linuxmail.org<http://www.linuxmail.org/>
This allows you to send and receive SMS through your mailbox.

Powered by Outblaze


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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38487 From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus Date: 2005-10-27
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Salve Pauline, et salvete omnes,

Timothy P. Gallagher wrote:

> Its a good thing that Christians can only be blamed for
> the fall of the empire, Somebody else has to take the rap
> for killing the Republic.

I think we can lay that one squarely at the feet of G. Iulius Caesar
Octavianus, aka Augustus.

Vale, et valete,

-- Marinus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38488 From: Maior Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: Two General Questions On Name Changes
M. Hortensia Q. Suetonio Paulino spd;
Pauline, actually Jews can use historical names that would
not be used by Christian, Salome is one I can think of. There are
Jews and Christians, but no Judeo-Christians. Ego Iudaea sum!
bene vale
Marca Hortensia Major


much like you never hear Judeo-Christians using the name
> Jezebel
> > > today and throughout history.
> >
> > We'll get rid of it when we update the website. I will not
> currently
> > approve any applications to join that gens, given its
unfortunate
> history.
> >
> > Vale, et valete,
> >
> > -- Marinus
> >
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38489 From: gaiusequitiuscato Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: a.d. V Kal. Nov.
OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem V Kalendas Novembris; haec dies comitialis est.

"The battle took place near the base of Mount Vesuvius, where the road
led to Veseris. Before leading out their armies to battle the consuls
offered sacrifice. The haruspex, whose duty it was to inspect the
different organs in the victims, pointed out to Decius a prophetic
intimation of his death, in all other respects the signs were
favourable. Manlius' sacrifice was entirely satisfactory. "It is
well," said Decius, "if my colleague has obtained favourable signs."
They moved forward to battle in the formation I have already
described, Manlius in command of the right division, Decius of the
left. At first both armies fought with equal strength and equal
determination. After a time the Roman hastati on the left, unable to
withstand the insistency of the Latins, retired behind the principes.
During the temporary confusion created by this movement, Decius
exclaimed in a loud voice to M. Valerius: "Valerius, we need the help
of the gods! Let the Pontifex Maximus dictate to me the words in which
I am to devote myself for the legions." The Pontifex bade him veil his
head in his toga praetexta, and rest his hand, covered with the toga,
against his chin, then standing upon a spear to say these words:
"Janus, Jupiter, Father Mars, Quirinus, Bellona, Lares, ye Novensiles
and Indigetes, deities to whom belongs the power over us and over our
foes, and ye, too, Divine Manes, I pray to you, I do you reverence, I
crave your grace and favour that you will bless the Roman People, the
Quirites, with power and victory, and visit the enemies of the Roman
People, the Quirites, with fear and dread and death. In like manner as
I have uttered this prayer so do I now on behalf of the commonwealth
of the Quirites, on behalf of the army, the legions, the auxiliaries
of the Roman People, the Quirites, devote the legions and auxiliaries
of the enemy, together with myself to the Divine Manes and to Earth."
After this prayer he ordered the lictors to go to T. Manlius and at
once announce to his colleague that he had devoted himself on behalf
of the army. He then girded himself with the Gabinian cincture, and in
full armour leaped upon his horse and dashed into the middle of the
enemy. To those who watched him in both armies, he appeared something
awful and superhuman, as though sent from heaven to expiate and
appease all the anger of the gods and to avert destruction from his
people and bring it on their enemies. All the dread and terror which
he carried with him threw the front ranks of the Latins into confusion
which soon spread throughout the entire army. This was most evident,
for wherever his horse carried him they were paralysed as though
struck by some death-dealing star; but when he fell, overwhelmed with
darts, the Latin cohorts, in a state of perfect consternation, fled
from the spot and left a large space clear. The Romans, on the other
hand, freed from all religious fears, pressed forward as though the
signal was then first given and commenced a great battle. Even the
rorarii rushed forward between the companies of antepilani and added
strength to the hastati and principes, whilst the triarii, kneeling on
their right knee, waited for the consul's signal to rise." - Livy,
History of Rome 8.9


"First, the tresses of her [Isis'] hair were long and thick, and
streamed down softly, flowing and curling about her divine neck. On
her head she wore as a crown many garlands of flowers, and in the
middle of her forehead shone white and glowing a round disc like a
mirror, or rather like the moon; on its right and left it was bound
about with the furrowed coils of rising vipers, and above it were
stalks of grain. Her tunic was of many colours, woven of the finest
linen, now gleaming with snowy whiteness, now yellow like the crocus,
now rosy-red like a flame. But what dazzled my eyes more than anything
else was her cloak, for it was a deep black, glistening with sable
sheen; it was cast about her, passing under her right arm and brought
together on her left shoulder. Part of it hung down like a shield and
drooped in many a fold, the whole reaching to the lower edge of her
garment with tasseled fringe." - Apuleius, "Metamorphoses" XI.3

In ancient Egypt, today was celebrated in honor of the Goddess Isis.
Isis belongs to the Ennead of Heliopolis, and according to the
Heliopolitan genealogy is a daughter of Seb and Nut, sister and wife
of Osiris. Possibly she was originally the personification of the
throne (her name is written with the hieroglyph for throne), and as
such she was an important source of the pharaoh's power. In the
Hellenistic time Isis was the protrectress of sailors. In the Osiris
myths she searched for her husband's body, who was killed by her
brother Seth. She retrieved and reassembled the body, and in this
connection she took on the role of a goddess of the dead and of the
funeral rights. Isis impregnated herself from the Osiris' body and
gave birth to Horus in the swamps of Khemnis in the Nile Delta. Here
she raised her son in secret and kept him far away from Seth. Horus
later defeated Seth and became the first ruler of a united Egypt.
Isis, as mother of Horus, was by extension regarded as the mother and
protectress of the pharaoh's. She was worshipped as the divine
mother-goddess, faithful consort of Osiris, and dedicated mother of Horus.

Isis was a vital link between the gods and mankind. The pharaoh was
her son, as the living Horus. In the Pyramid Texts the pharaoh suckles
as Isis' divine breasts. There are numerous statues and imagery of
Isis holding the young Horus in her lap. Often the images of the
queen-mother and current pharaoh were styled in the same way. Isis
protected Horus during his childhood from his uncle Seth who wished to
murder him. It was her hole that he might one day grow up to avenge
his father's murder. In the Book of the Dead, Isis is regarded as the
giver of life and food to the dead. She may also be one of the judges
of the dead. Another of her roles was to protect Imsety, one of the
four sons of Horus, as he guarded over the liver of the deceased.

Isis was a great magician and is famous for the use of her magical
skills. For example, she created the first cobra and used it's
venomous bite to coerce Re into revealing his secret name. From the
beginning of Egypt's history to the end, Isis was the greatest goddess
of Egypt. She was the beneficial goddess and mother whose love
encompassed every living creature. Isis was also the purest example of
the loving wife and mother and it was in this capacity that the
Egyptian people loved her the most.

Her worship spread well beyond the borders of Egypt, as far away as
England. The works of the classical writers identified her with
Persephone, Tethys, Athene, etc, just as Osiris was associated with
Hades, Dionysos and other foreign gods. Isis was depicted as a woman
with the solar disk between the cow horns on her head (an analogy with
the goddess Hathor) or crowned with a thrown, but also with the child
Horus sitting on her lap. A vulture was sometimes seen incorporated in
her crown. Also she was sometimes depicted as a kite above the
mummified body of Osiris. Isis' popularity lasted far into the Roman
era. She had her own priests and many temples were erected in her
honor. On the island of Philae in the Nile delta her largest temple
was situated (it was transferred to the island Agilkia in 1975-1980).




"When I, Constantine Augustus, as well as I Licinius Augustus
fortunately met near Mediolanum [Milan], and were considering
everything that pertained to the public welfare and security, we
thought, among other things which we saw would be for the good of
many, those regulations pertaining to the reverence of the Divinity
ought certainly to be made first, so that we might grant to the
Christians and others full authority to observe that religion which
each preferred; whence any Divinity whatsoever in the seat of the
heavens may be propitious and kindly disposed to us and all who are
placed under our rule..." - from the Edict of Milan as quoted by
Lactantius, "De Mortibus Persecutiones" ch. 48


On this day in A.D. 312, the co-Emperors Constantine I and Maxentius
met for their final, bitter clash in the culmination of a rivalry for
power that had begun with the death of Constantine's father,
Constantius Chlorus, and he forced abdication of Maxentius' father,
Maximian. In 308, Maxentius had been declared "senior" co-Emperor
with Galerius as his partner; Constantine was declared "Caesar", or
"junior" Emperor. Galerius died in 311, leaving the road to hostility
between Constantine and Maxentius free of even technical obstacles.

During the summer of 312, Constantine gathered his forces and decided
to settle the dispute by force. He easily overran northern Italy, and
stood less than 10 miles from Rome when Maxentius chose to make his
stand in front of the Milvian Bridge, a stone bridge (a successor of
which stands today at the same site, by the Italian name Ponte Milvio
or sometimes Ponte Molle) which carries the Via Flaminia road across
the Tiber River into Rome. Holding it was crucial if Maxentius was to
keep his rival out of Rome, where the Senate would surely favor
whoever held the city. Constantine, after arriving, realized he had
made a miscalculation and that Maxentius had many more soldiers
available than he did. Some sources say the advantage was ten to one
in Maxentius' favor, but it was probably more like four to one. In any
case, Constantine had a tough challenge ahead of him.

It is commonly stated that on the evening of October 27, with the
armies preparing for battle, Constantine, alone, just as he had
publicly announced he saw Apollo two years before, reportedly had a
vision as he looked toward the setting sun; although Eusebius of
Caesarea records the event as occurring when Maxentius' army was still
in Northern Italy. At any rate, a cross appeared emblazoned on the
sun, and maybe the Greek letters XP ("Chi Rho", the first two letters
of "Christ") intertwined with it; and Constantine either saw or heard
the Greek phrase often rendered in Latin as "In hoc signo vinces" —--
"With this sign, you shall conquer". Constantine, who was a pagan at
the time, is said to have put the symbol (the labarum) on his solders'
shields.

The next day, the two armies clashed, and Constantine emerged
victorious. Already known as a skillful general, Constantine began to
push Maxentius' army back toward the Tiber, and Maxentius decided to
retreat and make another stand at Rome itself. But there was only one
escape route, via the bridge, and Constantine's men inflicted heavy
losses on the retreating army. Finally, a bridge of boats set up
alongside the Milvian Bridge, over which many of the troops were
escaping, collapsed, and those men stranded on the north bank of the
Tiber were either taken prisoner or killed, with Maxentius numbered
among the dead.

Constantine entered Rome not long afterwards and was acclaimed as sole
Western Roman Augustus. He was still co-ruler with Eastern Roman
Emperors Maximinus and Licinius. He credited his victory at the
Milvian Bridge to the God of the Christians, and ordered the end of
any religious persecution within his realm, a step he had already
taken in Britain and Gaul in 306. With the emperor as a patron,
Christianity grew in popularity and power --- leading to the Edict of
Milan in 313, which declared that the Roman Empire would be neutral
with regard to religious worship, officially ending all
government-sanctioned persecution.

Valete bene!

Cato



SOURCES

Livy (http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Liv2His.html),
Isis (http://www.egyptianmyths.net/isis.htm), and ("Isis."
Encyclopedia Mythica from Encyclopedia Mythica Online.
<http://www.pantheon.org/articles/i/isis.html>), Battle of the Milvian
Bridge (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Milvian_Bridge), Edict
of Milan (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/edict-milan.html)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38490 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: Two General Questions On Name Changes
Salve M. Hortensia!

Thanks for the information. Actually I remember one of my sisters in
the early 60's bought her first 2 piece bathing suit / bikini combo
and went to lay out in the back yard. My father came home looked out
the window and flipped. He roared at her dragging her back indoors
saying " Get your bloody cloths on; you look just like Salome just
lounging after her sexually provocative dance waiting for the head
of John The Baptist!"

I had thought that Phonecian name Jezebel would not have been a
popular Jewish girls name since she kind of took over the state, gave
Elijah a pretty hard time and tried bringing in the worship of Baal.


Vale bene,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Maior" <rory12001@y...> wrote:
>
> M. Hortensia Q. Suetonio Paulino spd;
> Pauline, actually Jews can use historical names that
would
> not be used by Christian, Salome is one I can think of. There are
> Jews and Christians, but no Judeo-Christians. Ego Iudaea sum!
> bene vale
> Marca Hortensia Major
>
>
> much like you never hear Judeo-Christians using the name
> > Jezebel
> > > > today and throughout history.
> > >
> > > We'll get rid of it when we update the website. I will not
> > currently
> > > approve any applications to join that gens, given its
> unfortunate
> > history.
> > >
> > > Vale, et valete,
> > >
> > > -- Marinus
> > >
> >
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38491 From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kell Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT 286. AD...
Salvete omnes,

I am going to blame the fall all on Diocletian! Here's my (err
stolen drift):

THE EMPIRE DIVIDED BY DIOCLETIAN

Emperor Diocletian took the throne in 285 AD, and reigned until 305
AD. His reign was marked by a period of relative stability and his
reorganization of the Empire's administration.

In 286 AD he divided the Roman Empire into two, realizing that it
was impossible for one man to rule the vast territory and all its
peoples. He cut the Empire into East and West - the Western Empire
having as its capital Rome, and the Eastern Empire having as its
capital the city of Nicomedia in Asia Minor (Turkey).

The Emperor Diocletian - a military genius who became one of Rome's
greatest latter rulers. The spreading empire and the inclusion of
all sorts of nationalities into its ranks was reflected in this man:
actually born of obscure origins in the Balkans, he became Emperor
in 285 AD. The fact that people born outside of Rome could settle in
Rome and even become Emperor meant that the original Romans
themselves soon became outnumbered - by either non-Roman Europeans
like Diocletian, or by non-Roman Arab of African types the Middle
East.

Diocletian created a post of co-emperor to rule the West (Diocletian
himself chose to rule the East). Each Emperor was called
an "Augustus" and each had an assistant, called a "Caesar." The
Caesar was supposed to succeed the Augustus, thus solving the
problem of secession.... In short, too much multiculturalism
permitted in his reign and yep even though he lay a licking on the
Christians his policies indirectly later gave Constantine his wings
to fly!

Next: We can go a little of topic or to the BA discuss the demise of
Indigenous America where religion played an important role. If the
Muslim Seljak Turks had not shut off the silk and spice routes to
all infidels save the Venitians, then Columbus and the people who
followed would not have gone looking foe India and the Orient thus
hitting the American continent and causing the destruction of the
first nations, Aztec, Incan Empires and all. -:!!
Ah well, I guess one can find dozens of different reasons for falls
of empires and form fit them whatever way we want.

Regards,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus


















--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Timothy P. Gallagher"
<spqr753@m...> wrote:
>
> Salve Marcus Iulius Severus
>
> In his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Edward Gibbon agreed
to many of things that you wrote but he also said that
>
> "....Religious precepts are easily obeyed, which indulge and
sanctify the natural inclinations of their votaries; but the pure
and genuine influence of Christianity may be traced in its
beneficial, though imperfect, effects on the Barbarian proselytes of
the North. If the decline of the Roman empire was hastened by the
conversion of Constantine, his victorious religion broke the
violence of the fall, and mollified the ferocious temper of the
conquerors."....
>
> Its a good thing that Christians can only be blamed for the fall
of the empire, Somebody else has to take the rap for killing the
Republic.
>
> Vale
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: M.IVL.SEVERVS<mailto:marcusiuliusseverus@l...>
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Thursday, October 27, 2005 8:56 PM
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
>
>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> On October 28 in the year 312, 1693 years ago, Constantine
defeated the army of Maxentius, at Milvian Bridge, after trusting in
a vision he supposedly had seen of the cross, inscribed with the
words, "In this sign conquer." Constantine was converted soon after
and became the first Roman emperor to embrace the Christian faith,
which he imposed as the religion of the State. He did so with a
ferocious intolerance, excluding and reactionary, that contrasted
with the traditional Roman tolerance.
> I've always thought about this date, as the real beginning of
the decay of Rome...
>
> Vale optime,
>
> M.IVL.SEVERVS
>
> --
> _______________________________________________
> Check out the latest SMS services @
http://www.linuxmail.org<http://www.linuxmail.org/>
> This allows you to send and receive SMS through your mailbox.
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38492 From: Peter Bird Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Salvete, omnes!

I have been following this long discussion on names very closely,
particularly since the nomen that I took � Pilatus � does not fall within
the IUS guideline. I therefore wondered whether I would have to change it.
However, �pilatus� is given as both adjective and past participle in L&S. Of
course, its obvious meaning is �armed with javelins�, but its past
participle turns out to be more interesting than I thought: �pilo� has two
different meanings (both 1st conjugation): [1] to ram down or thrust home
(which was what I thought it meant) and[2] to grow hairy! In the second
sense it would perhaps sit nicely with my cognomen �Barbatus� ... There is
apparently another rare meaning, though not pre-Augustan, of plundering.

With all this in mind, could some kind onomastic expert give me some advice
on whether a name change is necessary or not?

Gratias vobis ago.

Sextus Pilatus Barbatus.



_____

From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com [mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf
Of A. Tullia Scholastica
Sent: 27 October 2005 21:32
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: A citizen puts down the sword



> Salve, M. Lucreti Agricola, et salvete, omnes!
>
> Let me first congratulate you, M. Lucreti, on your new nomen!
>
> Salve,
>
> I am sure that "Gladius" as a nomen is unhistorical. Once or twice in
> recent discussions I have seen it alluded to, and not as an example to
> follow. It is also not listed on the "names" page. Purely as a guess
> therefore I would speculate that there will be no new Gladii except by
> birth or adoption.
>
> ATS: Morphologically, �gladius� falls within the guidelines set in
the
> (hopefully) preliminary edictum just published, but it is indeed a noun,
not
> an adjective as nomina must be. Like Lanius, it is a marginal case,
however,
> for it is just on the barest fringe of possibility that an adjective of
> identical form could be created from either of these names�but no such
> adjective is in my unabridged Latin dictionaries, the better and more
recent
> of which extends well into the common era.
>
> It must be said, however, that there are gentes which have nomina
which
> clearly do not fall within even this very preliminary guideline, some for
> similar reasons, i.e., that the nomen is a noun, not an adjective, and
some
> for other reasons. I would hesitate to list these without censorial
> permission lest we encounter more problems relating to the sensitivity of
such
> issues, but perhaps those interested may contact the censores directly and
> discuss the matter with them.
>
> Personally I had always felt a little uneasy about it, but I was very
> happy to be associated with Cyrene. I am very happy indeed that she
> has joined me in this change.
>
>
> Perhaps I should mention that there are very nice, historical names
> still unused. It is an interesting exercise to google a nomen plus the
> word "denarius" and see if any hits come up for coins minted by a
> member of the gens in question.
>
>
> Optime Vale
>
> M. Lucretius Agricola
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
>
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, David Kling <tau.athanasios@g...> wrote:
>> >
>> > Salve:
>> > Congratulations, I love the nomen Lucretius!
>> > Question, is Gladius no longer a viable Nomen? I noticed the former
> Mater
>> > Familias is a Lucretius also.
>> > Vale;
>> > C. Fabius Buteo Modianus
>> >
>> > On 10/26/05, M. Lucretius Agricola <wm_hogue@y...> wrote:
>>> > >
>>> > > M. Lucretius Agricola Omnibus S.P.D.
>>> > >
>>> > >
>>> > > By kind permission of the Censores I have put down the sword and
will
>>> > > no longer be known as Marcus Gladius Agricola, but rather as Marcus
>>> > > Lucretius Agricola.
>>> > >
>>> > > Thanks to the Censores and to all Citizens for this opportunity to
>>> > > take up this ancient name. I pledge to do what little I can to honor
>>> > > the traditions of my adopted ancestors. I will attempt to continue
to
>>> > > grow in the Religio, I will also continue to honor Apollo and to
>>> > > attempt to be a bridge between the Roman world and that of the
> Hellenes.
>>> > >
>>> > >
>>> > >
>>> > > Di vos incolumes custodiant
>>> > >
>> >
>> >
>> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>> >
>
>
>
>
>
>




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]




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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38493 From: Domitius Constantinus Fuscus Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Salve

> I think we can lay that one squarely at the feet of G. Iulius Caesar
> Octavianus, aka Augustus.
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> -- Marinus

Or at the ones who created the premises of his power, like, among
others, Marius and his army reform and a patrician class and senate so
blind to routinely strike down, even litterally, the ones who would
bring forward land reforms?

Vale

Domitius Constantinus Fuscus

Founder of Gens Constantinia
Tribunus Plebis
Aedilis Urbis Iterum
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38494 From: M. Lucretius Agricola Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
M. Lucretius Agricola Sexto Pilato Barbato Omnibus S.P.D.

I am by no means an expert, but it is my opinion that "Pilatus" would
be approprate as a cognomen, not as a nomen. Of course there is the
person mentioned in the christian bible, "Pontius Pilate" in English,
I suppose "Pontius Pilatus" in Latin. In this case the praenomen is lost.

I just looked at the Album Gentium and our gens Pontia is now empty.



It is my opinion, and JUST my opinion, that this is a good time for
citizens to take a look at their names. The album civium is greatly
reduced, a number of gentes are now empty, even gentes with honorable
and historical names. Now is the chance, in my opinion, for us to
honor some of the families that actually built Rome. The first step
would be to take their names, thoughtfully and deliberately,
especially putting aside any vanity. The next step would be to use the
memory of those who held these names in the past as a spur and a guide
to greater activity and service within this Republic.


We now have five citizens in gens Lucretia, all former Gladii. I still
hope that the remaining Gladii will join us. I would also welcome any
citizen with a problematic or unhistorical nomen into the gens, of
course, but citizens who keep the Religio, who honor Apollo, who have
an interest in Hellenism as well as Romanitas and who strive to offer
service to the Republic, patrician or plebian, would be particularly
welcome.

Optime valete.



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Peter Bird" <p.bird@n...> wrote:
>
> Salvete, omnes!
>
> I have been following this long discussion on names very closely,
> particularly since the nomen that I took – Pilatus – does not fall
within
> the IUS guideline. I therefore wondered whether I would have to
change it.
> However, `pilatus' is given as both adjective and past participle in
L&S. Of
> course, its obvious meaning is `armed with javelins', but its past
> participle turns out to be more interesting than I thought: `pilo'
has two
> different meanings (both 1st conjugation): [1] to ram down or thrust
home
> (which was what I thought it meant) and[2] to grow hairy! In the second
> sense it would perhaps sit nicely with my cognomen `Barbatus' ...
There is
> apparently another rare meaning, though not pre-Augustan, of plundering.
>
> With all this in mind, could some kind onomastic expert give me some
advice
> on whether a name change is necessary or not?
>
> Gratias vobis ago.
>
> Sextus Pilatus Barbatus.
>
>
>
> _____
>
> From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com [mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com]
On Behalf
> Of A. Tullia Scholastica
> Sent: 27 October 2005 21:32
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: A citizen puts down the sword
>
>
>
> > Salve, M. Lucreti Agricola, et salvete, omnes!
> >
> > Let me first congratulate you, M. Lucreti, on your new nomen!
> >
> > Salve,
> >
> > I am sure that "Gladius" as a nomen is unhistorical. Once or twice in
> > recent discussions I have seen it alluded to, and not as an example to
> > follow. It is also not listed on the "names" page. Purely as a guess
> > therefore I would speculate that there will be no new Gladii except by
> > birth or adoption.
> >
> > ATS: Morphologically, Œgladius¹ falls within the guidelines
set in
> the
> > (hopefully) preliminary edictum just published, but it is indeed a
noun,
> not
> > an adjective as nomina must be. Like Lanius, it is a marginal case,
> however,
> > for it is just on the barest fringe of possibility that an
adjective of
> > identical form could be created from either of these names‹but no such
> > adjective is in my unabridged Latin dictionaries, the better and more
> recent
> > of which extends well into the common era.
> >
> > It must be said, however, that there are gentes which have nomina
> which
> > clearly do not fall within even this very preliminary guideline,
some for
> > similar reasons, i.e., that the nomen is a noun, not an adjective, and
> some
> > for other reasons. I would hesitate to list these without censorial
> > permission lest we encounter more problems relating to the
sensitivity of
> such
> > issues, but perhaps those interested may contact the censores
directly and
> > discuss the matter with them.
> >
> > Personally I had always felt a little uneasy about it, but I was very
> > happy to be associated with Cyrene. I am very happy indeed that she
> > has joined me in this change.
> >
> >
> > Perhaps I should mention that there are very nice, historical names
> > still unused. It is an interesting exercise to google a nomen plus the
> > word "denarius" and see if any hits come up for coins minted by a
> > member of the gens in question.
> >
> >
> > Optime Vale
> >
> > M. Lucretius Agricola
> >
> > Vale, et valete,
> >
> > A. Tullia Scholastica
> >
> >
> >
> >
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38495 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Salve, Sexte Pilate Barbate amice, et salvete, omnes!

> Salvete, omnes!
>
> I have been following this long discussion on names very closely,
> particularly since the nomen that I took ˆ Pilatus ˆ does not fall within
> the IUS guideline. I therefore wondered whether I would have to change it.
> However, Œpilatus‚ is given as both adjective and past participle in L&S. Of
> course, its obvious meaning is Œarmed with javelins‚, but its past
> participle turns out to be more interesting than I thought: Œpilo‚ has two
> different meanings (both 1st conjugation): [1] to ram down or thrust home
> (which was what I thought it meant) and[2] to grow hairy!

...and then there's depilo...

>In the second
> sense it would perhaps sit nicely with my cognomen ŒBarbatus‚ ... There is
> apparently another rare meaning, though not pre-Augustan, of plundering.
>
> With all this in mind, could some kind onomastic expert give me some advice
> on whether a name change is necessary or not?

No one is being compelled to change any part of his or her name, but
those who do not have correct nomina in particular are more or less being
encouraged to do so. Past participles are unusual, even as cognomina, or so
saith our research team members (of which I am not one, but I work with
them). Your nomen, unfortunately, does fall outside the guidelines. It's
up to you if you want to change it. Several people have made such inquiries
of the censores since the edictum was published, and some have changed one
part or another of their names.
>
> Gratias vobis ago.

Flocci est.
>
> Sextus Pilatus Barbatus.

A. Tullia Scholastica


>
>
>
> _____
>
> From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com [mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf
> Of A. Tullia Scholastica
> Sent: 27 October 2005 21:32
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: A citizen puts down the sword
>
>
>
>> Salve, M. Lucreti Agricola, et salvete, omnes!
>>
>> Let me first congratulate you, M. Lucreti, on your new nomen!
>>
>> Salve,
>>
>> I am sure that "Gladius" as a nomen is unhistorical. Once or twice in
>> recent discussions I have seen it alluded to, and not as an example to
>> follow. It is also not listed on the "names" page. Purely as a guess
>> therefore I would speculate that there will be no new Gladii except by
>> birth or adoption.
>>
>> ATS: Morphologically, ‘gladius’ falls within the guidelines set in
> the
>> (hopefully) preliminary edictum just published, but it is indeed a noun,
> not
>> an adjective as nomina must be. Like Lanius, it is a marginal case,
> however,
>> for it is just on the barest fringe of possibility that an adjective of
>> identical form could be created from either of these names—but no such
>> adjective is in my unabridged Latin dictionaries, the better and more
> recent
>> of which extends well into the common era.
>>
>> It must be said, however, that there are gentes which have nomina
> which
>> clearly do not fall within even this very preliminary guideline, some for
>> similar reasons, i.e., that the nomen is a noun, not an adjective, and
> some
>> for other reasons. I would hesitate to list these without censorial
>> permission lest we encounter more problems relating to the sensitivity of
> such
>> issues, but perhaps those interested may contact the censores directly and
>> discuss the matter with them.
>>
>> Personally I had always felt a little uneasy about it, but I was very
>> happy to be associated with Cyrene. I am very happy indeed that she
>> has joined me in this change.
>>
>>
>> Perhaps I should mention that there are very nice, historical names
>> still unused. It is an interesting exercise to google a nomen plus the
>> word "denarius" and see if any hits come up for coins minted by a
>> member of the gens in question.
>>
>>
>> Optime Vale
>>
>> M. Lucretius Agricola
>>
>> Vale, et valete,
>>
>> A. Tullia Scholastica
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, David Kling <tau.athanasios@g...> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Salve:
>>>> Congratulations, I love the nomen Lucretius!
>>>> Question, is Gladius no longer a viable Nomen? I noticed the former
>> Mater
>>>> Familias is a Lucretius also.
>>>> Vale;
>>>> C. Fabius Buteo Modianus
>>>>
>>>> On 10/26/05, M. Lucretius Agricola <wm_hogue@y...> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> M. Lucretius Agricola Omnibus S.P.D.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> By kind permission of the Censores I have put down the sword and
> will
>>>>>> no longer be known as Marcus Gladius Agricola, but rather as Marcus
>>>>>> Lucretius Agricola.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanks to the Censores and to all Citizens for this opportunity to
>>>>>> take up this ancient name. I pledge to do what little I can to honor
>>>>>> the traditions of my adopted ancestors. I will attempt to continue
> to
>>>>>> grow in the Religio, I will also continue to honor Apollo and to
>>>>>> attempt to be a bridge between the Roman world and that of the
>> Hellenes.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Di vos incolumes custodiant
>>>>>>
>>>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
>
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38496 From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Salve Fusce

Yes indeed, that is a far more credible explanation than the usual
litany of finger pointing at either Caesar or Augustus.

The Republic had staggered along for a number of years post the
Gracchi on life-support. Restrictive self-interest and wilful
blindness to the abuses of the system led the Senate and patricians
to cultivate a society where breaking the rules and norms became a
hallmark of success, and one which they frequently exploited to
their own advantage, both as individuals and collectively. Caesar
delivered the death-blow to a terminally sick institution and
Augustus gave it a decent burial.

Vale
Gnaeus Iulius Caesar.

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Domitius Constantinus Fuscus
<dom.con.fus@g...> wrote:
>
> Salve
>
> > I think we can lay that one squarely at the feet of G. Iulius
Caesar
> > Octavianus, aka Augustus.
> >
> > Vale, et valete,
> >
> > -- Marinus
>
> Or at the ones who created the premises of his power, like, among
> others, Marius and his army reform and a patrician class and
senate so
> blind to routinely strike down, even litterally, the ones who would
> bring forward land reforms?
>
> Vale
>
> Domitius Constantinus Fuscus
>
> Founder of Gens Constantinia
> Tribunus Plebis
> Aedilis Urbis Iterum
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38497 From: Kristoffer From Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: The Gracchi
Gnaeus Iulius Caesar wrote:
> The Republic had staggered along for a number
> of years post the Gracchi on life-support.

Salvete, omnes.

It's quite probable that the "conservatives" struck a death-blow to the
very republic they were trying to protect by having the Gracchi killed.

On the other hand, had the Gracchi been allowed to continue their work,
they may have destroyed the republic anyway. Or would the Gracchi
reforms have revitalised the republic?

Perhaps a better solution would have been to detect the problem in time
and have the Gracchi killed quietly before they grew to any level of
preeminience.

Or by letting Tiberius get the first reforms through without employing
the veto the second time, the Gracchi might have settled for that
victory. Or at least listened to "the voices of reason".

Alternate history is an interest of mine. No offense is meant, and even
if a "what if"-discussion is rather irrelevant, I find them amusing.

Valete, Titus Octavius Pius Ahenobarbus.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38498 From: Peter Bird Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Salve A Tullia Scholastica, salveque Lucreti Agricola � salveteque omnes!

Thank you for your advice. Come to think of it, to be known as a Sextus who
is not only bearded but also fast becoming hairy � and speared into the
bargain, or plundered, might not be the best way to be known... I chose
�Pilatus� from the official list originally. Of course, Pontius Pilate had
Pilate as his cognomen. OK, so I need to change it. Firstly, how is that
done? Secondly, has anyone got any suggestions, particularly in the
resurrection of names such as Lucretius Agricola suggested? Being relatively
new here, I would rather be guided in a proper direction!

Valete optime

Sextus Pilatus Barbatus



_____

From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com [mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf
Of A. Tullia Scholastica
Sent: 28 October 2005 08:59
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: A citizen puts down the sword



Salve, Sexte Pilate Barbate amice, et salvete, omnes!

> Salvete, omnes!
>
> I have been following this long discussion on names very closely,
> particularly since the nomen that I took � Pilatus � does not fall within
> the IUS guideline. I therefore wondered whether I would have to change it.
> However, �pilatus� is given as both adjective and past participle in L&S.
Of
> course, its obvious meaning is �armed with javelins�, but its past
> participle turns out to be more interesting than I thought: �pilo� has two
> different meanings (both 1st conjugation): [1] to ram down or thrust home
> (which was what I thought it meant) and[2] to grow hairy!

...and then there's depilo...

>In the second
> sense it would perhaps sit nicely with my cognomen �Barbatus� ... There is
> apparently another rare meaning, though not pre-Augustan, of plundering.
>
> With all this in mind, could some kind onomastic expert give me some
advice
> on whether a name change is necessary or not?

No one is being compelled to change any part of his or her name, but
those who do not have correct nomina in particular are more or less being
encouraged to do so. Past participles are unusual, even as cognomina, or so
saith our research team members (of which I am not one, but I work with
them). Your nomen, unfortunately, does fall outside the guidelines. It's
up to you if you want to change it. Several people have made such inquiries
of the censores since the edictum was published, and some have changed one
part or another of their names.
>
> Gratias vobis ago.

Flocci est.
>
> Sextus Pilatus Barbatus.

A. Tullia Scholastica


>
>
>
> _____
>
> From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com [mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com] On
Behalf
> Of A. Tullia Scholastica
> Sent: 27 October 2005 21:32
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: A citizen puts down the sword
>
>
>
>> Salve, M. Lucreti Agricola, et salvete, omnes!
>>
>> Let me first congratulate you, M. Lucreti, on your new nomen!
>>
>> Salve,
>>
>> I am sure that "Gladius" as a nomen is unhistorical. Once or twice in
>> recent discussions I have seen it alluded to, and not as an example to
>> follow. It is also not listed on the "names" page. Purely as a guess
>> therefore I would speculate that there will be no new Gladii except by
>> birth or adoption.
>>
>> ATS: Morphologically, �gladius� falls within the guidelines set in
> the
>> (hopefully) preliminary edictum just published, but it is indeed a noun,
> not
>> an adjective as nomina must be. Like Lanius, it is a marginal case,
> however,
>> for it is just on the barest fringe of possibility that an adjective of
>> identical form could be created from either of these names�but no such
>> adjective is in my unabridged Latin dictionaries, the better and more
> recent
>> of which extends well into the common era.
>>
>> It must be said, however, that there are gentes which have nomina
> which
>> clearly do not fall within even this very preliminary guideline, some for
>> similar reasons, i.e., that the nomen is a noun, not an adjective, and
> some
>> for other reasons. I would hesitate to list these without censorial
>> permission lest we encounter more problems relating to the sensitivity of
> such
>> issues, but perhaps those interested may contact the censores directly
and
>> discuss the matter with them.
>>
>> Personally I had always felt a little uneasy about it, but I was very
>> happy to be associated with Cyrene. I am very happy indeed that she
>> has joined me in this change.
>>
>>
>> Perhaps I should mention that there are very nice, historical names
>> still unused. It is an interesting exercise to google a nomen plus the
>> word "denarius" and see if any hits come up for coins minted by a
>> member of the gens in question.
>>
>>
>> Optime Vale
>>
>> M. Lucretius Agricola
>>
>> Vale, et valete,
>>
>> A. Tullia Scholastica
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, David Kling <tau.athanasios@g...>
wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Salve:
>>>> Congratulations, I love the nomen Lucretius!
>>>> Question, is Gladius no longer a viable Nomen? I noticed the former
>> Mater
>>>> Familias is a Lucretius also.
>>>> Vale;
>>>> C. Fabius Buteo Modianus
>>>>
>>>> On 10/26/05, M. Lucretius Agricola <wm_hogue@y...> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> M. Lucretius Agricola Omnibus S.P.D.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> By kind permission of the Censores I have put down the sword and
> will
>>>>>> no longer be known as Marcus Gladius Agricola, but rather as Marcus
>>>>>> Lucretius Agricola.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanks to the Censores and to all Citizens for this opportunity to
>>>>>> take up this ancient name. I pledge to do what little I can to honor
>>>>>> the traditions of my adopted ancestors. I will attempt to continue
> to
>>>>>> grow in the Religio, I will also continue to honor Apollo and to
>>>>>> attempt to be a bridge between the Roman world and that of the
>> Hellenes.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Di vos incolumes custodiant
>>>>>>
>>>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
>
>





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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38499 From: M. Lucretius Agricola Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
M. Lucretius Agricola Sexto Pilato Barbato S.P.D.

The "how" is easy. Just make a petition to the Censores.
http://www.novaroma.org/contact.php


"Suggestions" is harder.

First place to start is the names page
http://www.novaroma.org/via_romana/names.html

On the "Nomina" section of that page I find:

"Nomina marked with an asterix (*) are NOT currently in use in Nova
Roma. Please note that we are not currently accepting new gentes in
Nova Roma until further notice. You may however petition the censores
and present a case should you wish to overcome this restriction."

The Consores kindly made exception to this rule as we are in principle
moving the Gladii into a new slot. The end result (I hope) will be
that all Gladii move and the old gens will disappear, making for a net
gain of zero gentes.

Looking at this rule the other way, the non-asterix-marked gentes ARE
in use. You could start there.

I have suggested elsewhere that a quick way to test a nomen for
historical validity is to google the nomen and the word "denarius".
Look at the hits and you might find that someone with this name
actually minted coins. More than that, because of changes in minting,
hits will probably be from coins (therefore people) of the Republic.
Of course NOT getting hits tells you nothing because not everyone had
the office that minted coins.



Now I was lucky when I joined in that I knew the then-materfamilias
from outside of Nova Roma. Lucky also in that several of us share
interests and we have been able to get nice discussions going in our
extended family. I think it is a fine thing if people with similar
interests can band together. This is a good time to look around in the
album gentium and album civium because they are not now full of dead
wood. Of course, it is possible that you just pick a name because it
is meaningful to you. Perhaps because someone of that name did
something you admire.


Of course, and saving the best for last, the office of the Censores,
while very busy is also very helpful. I would ask there.





--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Peter Bird" <p.bird@n...> wrote:
>
> Salve A Tullia Scholastica, salveque Lucreti Agricola – salveteque
omnes!
>
> Thank you for your advice. Come to think of it, to be known as a
Sextus who
> is not only bearded but also fast becoming hairy – and speared into the
> bargain, or plundered, might not be the best way to be known... I chose
> "Pilatus" from the official list originally. Of course, Pontius
Pilate had
> Pilate as his cognomen. OK, so I need to change it. Firstly, how is that
> done? Secondly, has anyone got any suggestions, particularly in the
> resurrection of names such as Lucretius Agricola suggested? Being
relatively
> new here, I would rather be guided in a proper direction!
>
> Valete optime
>
> Sextus Pilatus Barbatus
>
>
>
> _____
>
> From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com [mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com]
On Behalf
> Of A. Tullia Scholastica
> Sent: 28 October 2005 08:59
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: A citizen puts down the sword
>
>
>
> Salve, Sexte Pilate Barbate amice, et salvete, omnes!
>
> > Salvete, omnes!
> >
> > I have been following this long discussion on names very closely,
> > particularly since the nomen that I took ˆ Pilatus ˆ does not fall
within
> > the IUS guideline. I therefore wondered whether I would have to
change it.
> > However, Œpilatus‚ is given as both adjective and past participle
in L&S.
> Of
> > course, its obvious meaning is Œarmed with javelins‚, but its past
> > participle turns out to be more interesting than I thought: Œpilo‚
has two
> > different meanings (both 1st conjugation): [1] to ram down or
thrust home
> > (which was what I thought it meant) and[2] to grow hairy!
>
> ...and then there's depilo...
>
> >In the second
> > sense it would perhaps sit nicely with my cognomen ŒBarbatus‚ ...
There is
> > apparently another rare meaning, though not pre-Augustan, of
plundering.
> >
> > With all this in mind, could some kind onomastic expert give me some
> advice
> > on whether a name change is necessary or not?
>
> No one is being compelled to change any part of his or her name, but
> those who do not have correct nomina in particular are more or less
being
> encouraged to do so. Past participles are unusual, even as
cognomina, or so
> saith our research team members (of which I am not one, but I work with
> them). Your nomen, unfortunately, does fall outside the guidelines.
It's
> up to you if you want to change it. Several people have made such
inquiries
> of the censores since the edictum was published, and some have
changed one
> part or another of their names.
> >
> > Gratias vobis ago.
>
> Flocci est.
> >
> > Sextus Pilatus Barbatus.
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
>
> >
> >
> >
> > _____
> >
> > From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com [mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com] On
> Behalf
> > Of A. Tullia Scholastica
> > Sent: 27 October 2005 21:32
> > To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> > Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: A citizen puts down the sword
> >
> >
> >
> >> Salve, M. Lucreti Agricola, et salvete, omnes!
> >>
> >> Let me first congratulate you, M. Lucreti, on your new nomen!
> >>
> >> Salve,
> >>
> >> I am sure that "Gladius" as a nomen is unhistorical. Once or twice in
> >> recent discussions I have seen it alluded to, and not as an
example to
> >> follow. It is also not listed on the "names" page. Purely as a guess
> >> therefore I would speculate that there will be no new Gladii
except by
> >> birth or adoption.
> >>
> >> ATS: Morphologically, `gladius' falls within the guidelines
set in
> > the
> >> (hopefully) preliminary edictum just published, but it is indeed
a noun,
> > not
> >> an adjective as nomina must be. Like Lanius, it is a marginal case,
> > however,
> >> for it is just on the barest fringe of possibility that an
adjective of
> >> identical form could be created from either of these names—but no
such
> >> adjective is in my unabridged Latin dictionaries, the better and more
> > recent
> >> of which extends well into the common era.
> >>
> >> It must be said, however, that there are gentes which have nomina
> > which
> >> clearly do not fall within even this very preliminary guideline,
some for
> >> similar reasons, i.e., that the nomen is a noun, not an
adjective, and
> > some
> >> for other reasons. I would hesitate to list these without censorial
> >> permission lest we encounter more problems relating to the
sensitivity of
> > such
> >> issues, but perhaps those interested may contact the censores
directly
> and
> >> discuss the matter with them.
> >>
> >> Personally I had always felt a little uneasy about it, but I was very
> >> happy to be associated with Cyrene. I am very happy indeed that she
> >> has joined me in this change.
> >>
> >>
> >> Perhaps I should mention that there are very nice, historical names
> >> still unused. It is an interesting exercise to google a nomen
plus the
> >> word "denarius" and see if any hits come up for coins minted by a
> >> member of the gens in question.
> >>
> >>
> >> Optime Vale
> >>
> >> M. Lucretius Agricola
> >>
> >> Vale, et valete,
> >>
> >> A. Tullia Scholastica
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, David Kling <tau.athanasios@g...>
> wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>> Salve:
> >>>> Congratulations, I love the nomen Lucretius!
> >>>> Question, is Gladius no longer a viable Nomen? I noticed the
former
> >> Mater
> >>>> Familias is a Lucretius also.
> >>>> Vale;
> >>>> C. Fabius Buteo Modianus
> >>>>
> >>>> On 10/26/05, M. Lucretius Agricola <wm_hogue@y...> wrote:
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> M. Lucretius Agricola Omnibus S.P.D.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> By kind permission of the Censores I have put down the sword and
> > will
> >>>>>> no longer be known as Marcus Gladius Agricola, but rather as
Marcus
> >>>>>> Lucretius Agricola.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> Thanks to the Censores and to all Citizens for this
opportunity to
> >>>>>> take up this ancient name. I pledge to do what little I can
to honor
> >>>>>> the traditions of my adopted ancestors. I will attempt to
continue
> > to
> >>>>>> grow in the Religio, I will also continue to honor Apollo and to
> >>>>>> attempt to be a bridge between the Roman world and that of the
> >> Hellenes.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> Di vos incolumes custodiant
> >>>>>>
> >>>>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
>
> SPONSORED LINKS
>
>
> Ancient
>
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>
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> n+empire&c=4&s=103&.sig=3ssQInnLWGqC1FVNATfGNQ> fall of the roman
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>
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>
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>
>
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> YAHOO! GROUPS LINKS
>
>
>
> * Visit your group "Nova-Roma
> <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma> " on the web.
>
> * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
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> <http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/> Terms of Service.
>
>
>
> _____
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38500 From: Sensei Phil Perez Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...
Salve Marinus,

I think just as much blame goes to the Boni who caused Caesar's death and set the ball rolling in the first place. We will never know what Caesar would have done if not for the obstructionism and treachery of the Boni who were willing to see Rome fall rather than have him lead it out of troubled waters.

Vires et honos,
Marcus Cassius Philippus
----- Original Message -----
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Thursday, October 27, 2005 11:34 PM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] A DATE TO THINK ABOUT...


Salve Pauline, et salvete omnes,

Timothy P. Gallagher wrote:

> Its a good thing that Christians can only be blamed for
> the fall of the empire, Somebody else has to take the rap
> for killing the Republic.

I think we can lay that one squarely at the feet of G. Iulius Caesar
Octavianus, aka Augustus.

Vale, et valete,

-- Marinus


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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38501 From: Peter Bird Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: A citizen puts down the sword
Salve, M Lucreti Agricola ...

Many thanks for your helpful suggestions, which I will now pursue.

Best wishes

Sextus Pilatus Barbatus



_____

From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com [mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf
Of M. Lucretius Agricola
Sent: 28 October 2005 12:57
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: A citizen puts down the sword



M. Lucretius Agricola Sexto Pilato Barbato S.P.D.

The "how" is easy. Just make a petition to the Censores.
http://www.novaroma.org/contact.php


"Suggestions" is harder.

First place to start is the names page
http://www.novaroma.org/via_romana/names.html

On the "Nomina" section of that page I find:

"Nomina marked with an asterix (*) are NOT currently in use in Nova
Roma. Please note that we are not currently accepting new gentes in
Nova Roma until further notice. You may however petition the censores
and present a case should you wish to overcome this restriction."

The Consores kindly made exception to this rule as we are in principle
moving the Gladii into a new slot. The end result (I hope) will be
that all Gladii move and the old gens will disappear, making for a net
gain of zero gentes.

Looking at this rule the other way, the non-asterix-marked gentes ARE
in use. You could start there.

I have suggested elsewhere that a quick way to test a nomen for
historical validity is to google the nomen and the word "denarius".
Look at the hits and you might find that someone with this name
actually minted coins. More than that, because of changes in minting,
hits will probably be from coins (therefore people) of the Republic.
Of course NOT getting hits tells you nothing because not everyone had
the office that minted coins.



Now I was lucky when I joined in that I knew the then-materfamilias
from outside of Nova Roma. Lucky also in that several of us share
interests and we have been able to get nice discussions going in our
extended family. I think it is a fine thing if people with similar
interests can band together. This is a good time to look around in the
album gentium and album civium because they are not now full of dead
wood. Of course, it is possible that you just pick a name because it
is meaningful to you. Perhaps because someone of that name did
something you admire.


Of course, and saving the best for last, the office of the Censores,
while very busy is also very helpful. I would ask there.





--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Peter Bird" <p.bird@n...> wrote:
>
> Salve A Tullia Scholastica, salveque Lucreti Agricola � salveteque
omnes!
>
> Thank you for your advice. Come to think of it, to be known as a
Sextus who
> is not only bearded but also fast becoming hairy � and speared into the
> bargain, or plundered, might not be the best way to be known... I chose
> "Pilatus" from the official list originally. Of course, Pontius
Pilate had
> Pilate as his cognomen. OK, so I need to change it. Firstly, how is that
> done? Secondly, has anyone got any suggestions, particularly in the
> resurrection of names such as Lucretius Agricola suggested? Being
relatively
> new here, I would rather be guided in a proper direction!
>
> Valete optime
>
> Sextus Pilatus Barbatus
>
>
>
> _____
>
> From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com [mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com]
On Behalf
> Of A. Tullia Scholastica
> Sent: 28 October 2005 08:59
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: A citizen puts down the sword
>
>
>
> Salve, Sexte Pilate Barbate amice, et salvete, omnes!
>
> > Salvete, omnes!
> >
> > I have been following this long discussion on names very closely,
> > particularly since the nomen that I took � Pilatus � does not fall
within
> > the IUS guideline. I therefore wondered whether I would have to
change it.
> > However, �pilatus� is given as both adjective and past participle
in L&S.
> Of
> > course, its obvious meaning is �armed with javelins�, but its past
> > participle turns out to be more interesting than I thought: �pilo�
has two
> > different meanings (both 1st conjugation): [1] to ram down or
thrust home
> > (which was what I thought it meant) and[2] to grow hairy!
>
> ...and then there's depilo...
>
> >In the second
> > sense it would perhaps sit nicely with my cognomen �Barbatus� ...
There is
> > apparently another rare meaning, though not pre-Augustan, of
plundering.
> >
> > With all this in mind, could some kind onomastic expert give me some
> advice
> > on whether a name change is necessary or not?
>
> No one is being compelled to change any part of his or her name, but
> those who do not have correct nomina in particular are more or less
being
> encouraged to do so. Past participles are unusual, even as
cognomina, or so
> saith our research team members (of which I am not one, but I work with
> them). Your nomen, unfortunately, does fall outside the guidelines.
It's
> up to you if you want to change it. Several people have made such
inquiries
> of the censores since the edictum was published, and some have
changed one
> part or another of their names.
> >
> > Gratias vobis ago.
>
> Flocci est.
> >
> > Sextus Pilatus Barbatus.
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
>
> >
> >
> >
> > _____
> >
> > From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com [mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com] On
> Behalf
> > Of A. Tullia Scholastica
> > Sent: 27 October 2005 21:32
> > To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> > Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: A citizen puts down the sword
> >
> >
> >
> >> Salve, M. Lucreti Agricola, et salvete, omnes!
> >>
> >> Let me first congratulate you, M. Lucreti, on your new nomen!
> >>
> >> Salve,
> >>
> >> I am sure that "Gladius" as a nomen is unhistorical. Once or twice in
> >> recent discussions I have seen it alluded to, and not as an
example to
> >> follow. It is also not listed on the "names" page. Purely as a guess
> >> therefore I would speculate that there will be no new Gladii
except by
> >> birth or adoption.
> >>
> >> ATS: Morphologically, `gladius' falls within the guidelines
set in
> > the
> >> (hopefully) preliminary edictum just published, but it is indeed
a noun,
> > not
> >> an adjective as nomina must be. Like Lanius, it is a marginal case,
> > however,
> >> for it is just on the barest fringe of possibility that an
adjective of
> >> identical form could be created from either of these names�but no
such
> >> adjective is in my unabridged Latin dictionaries, the better and more
> > recent
> >> of which extends well into the common era.
> >>
> >> It must be said, however, that there are gentes which have nomina
> > which
> >> clearly do not fall within even this very preliminary guideline,
some for
> >> similar reasons, i.e., that the nomen is a noun, not an
adjective, and
> > some
> >> for other reasons. I would hesitate to list these without censorial
> >> permission lest we encounter more problems relating to the
sensitivity of
> > such
> >> issues, but perhaps those interested may contact the censores
directly
> and
> >> discuss the matter with them.
> >>
> >> Personally I had always felt a little uneasy about it, but I was very
> >> happy to be associated with Cyrene. I am very happy indeed that she
> >> has joined me in this change.
> >>
> >>
> >> Perhaps I should mention that there are very nice, historical names
> >> still unused. It is an interesting exercise to google a nomen
plus the
> >> word "denarius" and see if any hits come up for coins minted by a
> >> member of the gens in question.
> >>
> >>
> >> Optime Vale
> >>
> >> M. Lucretius Agricola
> >>
> >> Vale, et valete,
> >>
> >> A. Tullia Scholastica
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, David Kling <tau.athanasios@g...>
> wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>> Salve:
> >>>> Congratulations, I love the nomen Lucretius!
> >>>> Question, is Gladius no longer a viable Nomen? I noticed the
former
> >> Mater
> >>>> Familias is a Lucretius also.
> >>>> Vale;
> >>>> C. Fabius Buteo Modianus
> >>>>
> >>>> On 10/26/05, M. Lucretius Agricola <wm_hogue@y...> wrote:
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> M. Lucretius Agricola Omnibus S.P.D.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> By kind permission of the Censores I have put down the sword and
> > will
> >>>>>> no longer be known as Marcus Gladius Agricola, but rather as
Marcus
> >>>>>> Lucretius Agricola.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> Thanks to the Censores and to all Citizens for this
opportunity to
> >>>>>> take up this ancient name. I pledge to do what little I can
to honor
> >>>>>> the traditions of my adopted ancestors. I will attempt to
continue
> > to
> >>>>>> grow in the Religio, I will also continue to honor Apollo and to
> >>>>>> attempt to be a bridge between the Roman world and that of the
> >> Hellenes.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> Di vos incolumes custodiant
> >>>>>>
> >>>>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
>
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 38502 From: A. Apollonius Cordus Date: 2005-10-28
Subject: Re: Two General Questions On Name Changes
A. Apollonius Q. Svetonio omnibusque sal.

Salve Pauline, and congrats on your new name.

I know I'm coming late to this party, but there are
still a couple of things worth saying.

> 1) If say citizen Gaius Smithsus Falco changes his
> name to Gaius
> Iulius or Octavius Falco, both Patrician families,
> does that
> automatically make him Patrician. I am not clear
> about changing social
> classes since one does not apply directly to the
> paterfamilias anymore.
> If Gaius Smithsus Falco is a tribune would changing
> his name to Iulius
> or another Patrician name force him to resign his
> term in office since
> Patrians cannot be tribunes?

T. Julius and Cn. Equitius have covered this, but it
may be useful to give some theoretical background.
Plebejan-ness and patrician-ness are properties not of
gentes but of domus. A domus (plural "domus", also
known as a "stirps", plural "stirpes") is a family of
people who share the same nomen *and* cognomen. So
although the Julii are a gens, the Julii Caesares are
a domus (or stirps).

All the domus which are currently patrician will
continue to be patrician, and cannot be deprived of
that status. The Julii Caesares are patricians, and
any new member of that domus from now on will be
patrician. But the Julii Severi are plebejans, and any
new member of that domus from now on will be a
plebejan. Also anyone who creates a new domus within
gens Julia, such as, say, the Julii Merulae, would be
creating a plebejan domus.

> 2) I see the name Tarquinia on the album gentium.
> Now since there are
> no citizens there to be offended at the moment, I
> wanted to point out
> that I read an article this morning that Romans from
> the Republic
> onward did not dare use that name because of the
> unpopularity of the
> Kings much like you never hear Judeo-Christians
> using the name Jezebel
> today and throughout history.

You're quite right. In fact one of the first things
the republic did after the overthrow of the kings, in
the very first year of its existence, was to ban the
entire gens Tarquinia from Rome forever. So whoever
let those guys in really made a bit of a mistake! :)





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