Franciscus Apulus Caesar Consul Omnibus SPD
The Comitia Populi Tributa is called to vote for the Tribal
magistrates for calendar year 2759 auc.
The Contio will begin at 8:00 PM, Roma time (Central European Time),
on IX Dec. and will last until 5:59 PM, Roma time, on XII Dec.
Voting will then commence at 6:00 PM (CET) on XII Dec and will end
at 6:00 PM (CET) on XXI Dec 2005.
The presidium tribe shall be Cornelia (tribe VI).
The magistracies, and the candidates for them, are:
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AEDILIS CURULIS (2 openings)
Gaius Equitius Cato
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=7186
Titus Iulius Sabinus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=8092
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QUAESTOR (8 openings)
Marcus Iulius Perusianus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=3398
Aulus Apollonius Cordus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=4701
Titus Flavius Vespasianus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=6752
Gnaeus Iulius Caesar
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=7228
Quintus Fabius Allectus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=7641
Caius Arminius Reccanellus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=7658
Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=7694
Titus Marcius Felix
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=8193
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ROGATOR (2 openings)
Aula Tullia Scholastica
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=6596
Gaius Marius Aquilius
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=7766
Marcus Iulius Severus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=8632
---------------
DIRIBITOR (4 openings)
Quintus Servilius Priscus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=2369
Stephanus Ullerius Venator Piperbarbus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=252
Lucius Rutilius Minervalis
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=4281
Franciscus Apulus Caesar
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=49
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CUSTOS (2 openings)
Emilia Curia Finnica
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=2186
Titus Licinius Crassus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=4657
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MAGISTER ARANEARIUS (webmaster, 1 opening)
Quintus Valerius Callidus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=6903
Decimus Claudius Aquilius
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=7705
---------------
EDITOR COMMENTARIORUM (editor of the Aquila, 1 opening)
Marcus Cassius Philippus
http://novaroma.org/bin/view/civis?id=6379
---------------
At the same time the citizens are convened to vote for the following
leges.
**ATTENCTION**
Here two laws about the same matter are listed, the LEX APULA DE
ABDICATIONE MAGISTRATUUM and LEX POPILLIA DE MAGISTRATU EIURANDO.
Please, ONLY VOTE "YES" FOR ONE OF THEM.
Be careful and vote NOT for the law you don't like.
LEX APULA DE TRIBUTIS
I. The collection of an annual fee from members is a commonplace
activity in membership organizations such as Nova Roma. Whereas Nova
Roma is currently legally constituted as a
nonprofit coorporation in the State of Maine in the
United States of America, and whereas the setting of annual fees and
taxes is a power granted to the Senate by the Constitution of Nova
Roma this Law setting the amount of taxes and the means by which
they are collected is hereby enacted.
II. A. Each citizen eighteen years of age or older is hereby
assessed an annual tax of one three-thousandth of the per-capita GDP
of his nation of residence. The Consules may use the best available
source to calculate the national GDPs (like ONU, etc.).
B. In order that the amounts may be more manageable in local
currencies, the Consules may, by edict, alter the amount for any
country by up to 10%, upwards or downwards; adjustments greater than
10% may be made by Senatus Consultum only.
C. The Consules' Quaestores will compile and publish a list of rates
before the start of the collection period.
III. Taxes are due, paid in full, no later than the last day of
October. A given taxation year in Nova Roma begins November 1 and
ends October 31 the following year.
Cives who pay their taxes by October 31 shall be considered Assidui
according to the Lex Vedia de Assidui et Capiti Censi and consequent
laws.
Cives who fail to pay their taxes by this date shall be considered
Capiti Censi according to the Lex Vedia de Assidui et Capiti Censi
and consequent laws.
The Senatus may, at its discretion, issue a Senatus Consultum
extending the deadline for paying taxes on a provincia-by-provincia
basis, in case of extraordinary mitigating circumstance.
IV. The Senatus can foster the collection of taxes with the aid and
assistance of
the local governors.
A.i. Provincial Propraetores may, by whatever means they deem
necessary, efficient, and within the bounds of applicable
macronational and Nova Roma law, appoint by edicta one or more
provincial
magistrates to collect the annual tax payments from the cives who
choose to pay taxes within their provincia.
ii. Said collected funds are forwarded to the Propraetor or his
designate, and are held in trust.
iii. Propraetors or their appointed designate, shall then transfer
said
collected funds for deposit in the central
treasury no later than the last day of October of the taxation year
iv. Propraetores shall deduct
any required fees and costs of tranferring their collected funds
from the funds themselves. At the time they make the tax transfer,
they shall also
transmit a report to the appropriate Consular Quaestor denoting
which cives
have paid their taxes and thus should be listed as assidui, as well
as the amount and particulars of any funds deducted by the
Propraetor from the amount submitted to the central treasury.
B.i. Citizens shall in no way be required to pay their taxes through
the
local/provincial administration. If they so choose, Citizens may
pay their taxes directly to the Consular Quaestors through those
means they shall provide.
ii. The Consular Quaestors shall issue receipts to individual cives
as
taxes are collected, as an instrument of proof of payment thereof.
iii. The Consular Quaestors shall provide a report to the Censores
detailing which cives have paid their taxes and thus should be
listed as assidui.
V. TAX FUNDS FROM CENTRAL TREASURY TO PROVINCIAE
Those individuals charged with the collection of taxes shall
maintain a record of what amounts were raised in each Provincia, and
such records will be provided to the Senate no later than the Ides
of November.
VI.i. One half of all taxes raised within a particular Provincia
shall
be designated to be spent within the boundaries of that Provincia.
ii.Such funds shall be kept in the central treasury, as managed by
the
Consular Quaestors, and shall be disbursed by the Quaestors to
provincial
authorities as authorized in the annual budget.
iii. The annual budget, as prepared, shall reflect such designated
funds,
whether or not they are actually budgeted to be spent within the
year.
iv. Funds designated to be spent within a provincia which are not
spent
within a given fiscal year, shall roll over to the next year, and
such
information shall be reflected in the annual budget.
v. The Senatus may, in times of emergency, use funds designated for
use
within a given Provincia. Such funds shall be replaced within three
calendar years by funds from the central treasury.
VII. This Law shall apply only to annual taxes, and shall not be
deemed to apply to other funds which may be collected during the
course of a year, including but not limited to voluntary donations
and other fees which may be imposed.
VIII. Provincia Propraetores are authorized to collect the annual
tax from citizens of their Provinciae by means afforementioned, and
they could be called at
Senatus discretion to provide the Senate with the following:
i. Proof of identity, in the form of copies of macronational
government-issued identification cards, drivers' licenses or
passports.
ii. Written agreement that all money collected is the property of
Nova Roma and will be sent to the Senatus on demand, and that a list
of citizens who have paid will be provided to the Censores within
one month after the collection period has ended.
iii. A description of preferred methods of payment (money order,
electronic transfer, etc.) and the address (postal or electronic) to
which payments should be sent. These payment instructions will be
published on the Nova Roma web site and mailing lists.
IX. Propraetores who have received authorization to accept tax
payments, as defined in Section VIII, may keep one half of funds
collected for use within the province; this money remains the
property of Nova Roma but may be spent by the provincial Propraetor
on
activities that benefit Nova Roma. The remaining half, minus
transfer fees, must be transferred to the Central Treasury.
X. INFORMATION AND METHODS OF PAYMENT
i. Each year the Consules will announce the begin of the taxes-
raising by an edictum indicating the methods and all the information
for the correct payment of the taxes checking them with the
Central Tresury.
ii. Each provincial propraetor is invited to translate the consular
edictum in all the tongue used in the own Provincia. He may publish
the translated edictum in any comunicational media used in the
Provincia.
++++++++++++++++++++
LEX APULA DE ABDICATIONE MAGISTRATUUM
This lex proposes amendments to the prevailing sections of The lex
Cornelia Maria Civitate Eiuranda
http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/leges/2001-05-20-iii.html.
Please note that section III of this lex Cornelia Maria was
repealed last year by the Lex Equitia De Civitate Eiuranda
http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/leges/2004-10-07-v.html which
addresses the return of ex-citizens to NR et al.
The amended language to the sections of the lex Cornelia Maria de
civitate eiuranda shall read:
"II. If a citizen resigns citizenship in Nova Roma, the
resignation will not be considered a legally binding resignation for
nine days (inclusive) from the date of the resignation tender.
A. If, during these 9 days , defined as 216 hours Roman Time from
the legally tendered (or submitted) intent of resignation, the
citizen desires to withdraw his or her resignation of citizenship
and remain a citizen, he/she may freely do so. The same legal
methods used to submit the resignation must be used to rescind it,
said legal means defined by the prevailing section I of the Lex
Cornelia Maria de civitate eiuranda.
B. If a magistrate resigns from his or her office(s) (retaining
citizenship), said magistrate
is granted a period of 4 days from a legally tendered resignation(s)
of office(s) to withdraw said resignation(s) by lawful process and
resume their term(s) of office(s). The offices in question shall not
be considered legally vacant until said 4 days as defined in section
C. below have passed.
C. The magistrate may within this four day period, defined herein
as 96 hours Roman Time from the time of the resignation tender, to
rescind his/her intention to resign. The same legal methods used to
submit the resignation must be used to rescind it. Such legal means
defined by the prevailing section I of the Lex Cornelia Maria de
civitate eiranda.
D. The magistrate who resigns from his/her office gets no past
service century points for the resigned office(s) and may not serve
in any office, elected or appointed during the remainder of the year
he/she has resigned nor in the year following the resignation."
+++++++++++++++++++++++
LEX POPILLIA DE MAGISTRATU EIURANDO
I. A magistrate who announces his resignation of
magistracy shall immediately and irrevocably cease to
hold that magistracy.
II. A magistrate who announces his resignation of
citizenship shall immediately and irrevocably cease to
hold any and all his magistracies.
III. An announcement of intention to cease to hold
office at some later time or to cease to be a citizen
at some later time is not an announcement of
resignation for the purposes of this lex.
IV. A magistrate who resigns his magistracy and later
changes his or her mind may stand as a candidate in
the election to fill the vacancy without penalty.
++++++++++++++++++++
LEX IVLIA DE FORO ET MODERATIONE
I. PREMISE.
A. Topics of Discussion.
The Nova Roma Forum (herein referred to as "the main list" or "the
Forum") is currently located at:
Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com. The
main focus of the main list is Nova Roma and ancient Rome.
Nevertheless discussion about non-Roman topics are allowed in the
Forum except when otherwise stated (see III. F)
B. Language Policies.
The forum in ancient Rome was a large venue, with many people of
different cultures and languages conversing. Official information
was in Latin, and in some cases Greek, but people were free to speak
informally in the language of their choice. Our constitution
mandates freedom of communication provided it is not dangerous or
disruptive. On demand, the Praetores can invite or oblige the sender
to make a translation in Latin or English for the benefit of the
other citizens.
Exception: All official documents published on the list must follow
the Lex Cornelia de Linguis Publicis
(
http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/leges/2002-02-27-ii.html) which
stipulates, though comitial mandate, that any official government
legislation or priestly decrees must be issued in Latin or English
where applicable, so they can be translated verbatim into other
languages to be more easily understood by the entirety of the
populace.
C. Governance of the list
According to the Lex Octavia de Sermone
(
http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/leges/2002-06-05-i.html) the
Praetors govern the list.
II. MANDATORY BEHAVIOUR IN THE NOVA ROMA FORUM.
A. Relevance of the posts
It is not advisable to issue a message lacking benefit or relevance
to the rest of the Main List subscribers. A systematic use of such
replies is forbidden.
B. Inappropriate behaviours.
At all times maintain politeness in the expression of one's opinion
and endeavour to respect the rights and opinions of others.
Inappropriate behaviour includes:
use of words, epithets or formulas that are properly offensive or
might be considered normally offensive
making another person look foolish;
name-calling;
criticising the sender in her/his character rather than her/his
ideas;
making derogatory, belittling, or subjective statements about the
Gods and Goddesses of Rome and her religious institutions or
belittling other beliefs and religious institutions (however,
quoting from a myth or historical material is allowed);
Further, in the interests of protecting our younger citizens, sexual
references, including those to nudity, must be strictly within the
context of an historical discussion. Otherwise, they are to be made
in private.
In addition, for the same reason, references to heavy drinking,
extreme violence, and the like shall also be confined to a strictly
educational context, not presented as desirable behaviours.
Extensive citation from other authors without permission, or any
citation from any sources without attribution. Short quotes need
not require permission, but all material must be attributed to its
source.
C. Public or private posts.
Always contact first the individual concerned privately, explaining
the rationale for grievance and asking for clarification. In a
second instance contact the Praetores directly if not able to
resolve the issue privately.
D. Spamming
Due to high levels of spam and past incidents of posts from those
who wish to cause disruption (usually named "trolls"), a policy of
placing all new list members on Moderated Status is followed in the
list. This period of moderation shall last from a minimum of one
month and a maximum of two months, variable for each subscriber,
according to the Praetors' decision in view of the general frequency
of his posts.
E. Advertising
Advertisement of unsolicited goods and services (a.k.a. UCE or spam)
is not permitted on the main list, unless the advertiser is a member
of Nova Roma's marketplace, the Macellum. Macellum merchants are
welcome to advertise from time to time in a low-key fashion.
Permitted forms of this include a standard email signature (four-
line maximum), a one-time announcement of initial affiliation with
the Macellum, advertising in response to a post of inquiry made in
the forum, or an ad once per quarter advertising your presence in
the Macellum.
F. Sanctions
In the case of a poster whose actions violate the guidelines
mentioned in art.II in , the following course of escalation shall be
followed:
a private memo from the Praetors describing the infraction, and a
reminder to review the guidelines; a public notification over the
mailing list that a memo has been sent to the poster for breaking
the Forum rules.
a second public memo describing the infraction, and a reminder to
review the guidelines, if sanction described at point 1 was already
applied in the last year.
placement of the poster on moderated status (posts are still allowed
but will be reviewed by the Praetors or their designate before being
transmitted to the list), if sanction described at point 2 was
already applied in the last year. The length of moderation shall be
determined by the number of offences in the past, the severity of
the violation, and the intent to violate. No citizen shall be kept
in moderated status for more than two months without a firm sentence
issued by a legal court as described by the Lex Salicia Poenalis:
http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/leges/2003-10-08-ii.html.
III. DISCRETIONARY BEHAVIOUR IN THE FORUM.
A. Message Trimming.
Correct usage of snipping prevents large posts that can quickly fill
subscribers' mailboxes. When replying to a thread, snip unnecessary
sections of the original post for brevity, and indicate where done
so by printing <snipped> or any other understandable mark at the
appropriate place.
B. Disputes.
It is entirely appropriate to disagree publicly with another's
stated views or actions, including the actions of Nova Roma's
Magistrates, Senate or other appointed officials.
Observe the following when expressing disagreement of opposing
viewpoints:
1. Express respect for the person and their entitlement to an
opinion, as well as faith in his or her good intentions;
Point out the specific areas in which one do not agree;
Always use a specific criticism instead of a generic one;
Quote the message number of the post in which one base his account
and opinions, or include sufficient context from the post to which
one is replying;
C. Replies
The main list is set up so that replies are automatically sent to
the entire list. Posts that merely voice agreement with a previous
post without expanding on an issue in any way shall be avoided.
D. Personal information.
Do not give out any personal information (i.e., address, phone
number, etc.) on the list.
E. Sources.
Provide the references of the sources when posting a text copied
from any other source of information.
F. Off-topics.
As stated, off-topic messages are admitted in the forum until the
Praetors declare the thread not admissible or no ore admissible.
G. Sanctions.
In the case of a poster whose actions violate the guidelines
mentioned in art.III, the following course of escalation shall be
followed at Praetors' discrection.
A private memo from the Praetors describing the infraction, and a
reminder to review the guidelines
A second private memo as above, if sanction described at point 1 was
already applied in the last year.
A third public memo as above, if sanction described at point 2 was
already applied in the last year.
The Praetores shall decide what, if any, sanctions to apply,
according to their own judgement. After coming to an agreement with
one another concerning the nature and level of any applicable
sanctions, the Praetores shall impose such penalties fairly on all
offenders, whatever their political, religious, or other leanings.
The length of moderation shall be determined by the number of
offences in the past, the severity of the violation, and the intent
to violate. No citizen shall be kept in moderated status for more
than two months without a firm sentence issued by a legal court as
described by the Lex Salicia Poenalis:
http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/leges/2003-10-08-ii.html.
+++++++++++++++++++++
LEX FABIA DE NOMINIBUS APPROBATIONIBUSQUE
PREAMBLE: 2
BASIS OF AUTHORITY 2
DEFINITIONS 2
I. NAMES IN NOVA ROMA 4
I.1. Nomenclature. 4
I.1.2. Praenomen. 4
I.1.3. Nomen 5
I.1.4. Cognomen. 5
I.2. Name Change 6
I.2.1. Introduction 6
I.2.2. Adoption involving two cives belonging to two different
gentes. 7
I.2.3. Adoption involving two cives belonging to the same gens. 7
II. APPROVAL PROCEDURES AND NAMES 8
II.1. Introduction 8
II.2. Approval authority. 8
II.2.1. Approval authority in a Familia and/or Domus. 8
II.2.2. Approval authority in a Gens. 9
III. SOURCES. 10
PREAMBLE:
This lex provides a frame in the way prospective citizens can choose
their roman name. It encompasses historical research in the form of
attested lists of Republican names and takes into consideration the
laws of Nova Roma that deal with citizenship approval and the scope
of Pater/Mater Familias authority on this particular matter.
Application to Nova Roman citizenship implies acceptance and
agreement to the terms of the present lex and is subject to a
probationary period as described by Lex Equitia De Tirocinio Civium
Novorum. The Censores reserve the right to refuse any application
that does not abide by the following articles.
For the purpose of this lex, and as per Lex Labiena de Gentibus is
recognised as the basic unit of society in Nova Roma. Gentes are
composed of many different familiae that share the same nomen.
Pater/Materfamilias are head of these officially recognised familiae
and not of the gentes. This lex spells out the procedures that the
Censores will follow in dealing with the approval of prospective
citizens to Nova Roma and the incidence those procedures will have
on their names.
This lex hereby complements the Lex Cornelia et Maria de Mutandis
Nominibus whose article II.E is repealed. Whenever a contradition
arises between the Lex Cornelia et Maria de Mutandis Nominibus and
the present lex de Nominibus Approbationibusque, the present lex
shall have precedence.
BASIS OF AUTHORITY
This lex is based on Lex Labiena de Gentibus :
http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/leges/2003-12-24-ii.html
and Lex Equitia de Familia:
http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/leges/2004-10-07-vii.html
And takes into consideration the fact that Familiae are now the
basic social units of Nova Roma. As such Pater/Materfamilias are now
head of Familiae (natural or adopted) and not Gentes as was
previously the case.
DEFINITIONS:
The definitions below are provided to help cives understand the
context within which Nova Roman nomenclature applies.
- A Familia (pl familiae) (household) constists of:
A pater or materfamilias and all who are in their potestas or manus.
OR
Two heads of household together in a free marriage and all who are
in their shared potestas.
- A Domus (pl domus) or or Stirps (pl. Stirpes) is an informal
group of people who all share the same "nomen-cognomen" combination.
There are no recognised heads of Domus; The heads of the familiae
whose pater/materfamilias belong to the domus may, however, act in
concert to authorise any new citizen to use their "nomen-cognomen"
combination.
- A Gens (pl gentes) regroups all the people who share the same
nomen.
There are no recognised heads of Gentes in Nova Roma. As long as a
new citizen does not choose an existing "nomen-cognomen" combination
(see domus), he/she can choose to join any gens he/she likes.
I. NAMES IN NOVA ROMA
I.1. Nomenclature.
As per Roma Antiqua the nomenclature of free male citizens is that
of the "tria nomina" (three names) formed as "praenomen-nomen-
cognomen". The preferred choice for female nomenclature in Nova Roma
is also the "tria nomina": This is to reflect the equal treatment of
each prospective citizen, regardless of his/her gender, required by
the constitution. The Censores, however, MAY recognise the Roman
tradition in naming female citizens and may, in certain exceptional
cases and after a personal application to the Censores, allow the
following nomenclatures: "nomen only" or "nomen-cognomen"
I.1.2. Praenomen.
Here is presented a list of Republican praenomina available to the
prospective citizen. Each praenomen has been historically researched
and attested. This list will be reviewed as and when new evidence
comes to light : Please note that NO Praenomen that does not appear
on this list will be accepted by the Censorial office without a
special application. Please note that this list includes all the
most common praenomina : They are accepted as standards by most
scholars and will also be accepted by the censores without
discussion. There are however a few other, far less common,
praenomina available on request, look below.
Praenomina are very often abbreviated, and the abbreviations will be
used in
most official communications and records.
Common praenomina
The praenomina nearer to the beginning of the list are more
frequent; those nearer to the end are less frequent.
Abbreviation Male Female
C. Gaius Gaia
L. Lucius Lucia
M. Marcus Marca
P. Publius Publia
Q. Quintus Quinta
T. Titus Tita
Ti. Tiberius Tiberia
Sex. Sextus Sexta
A. Aulus Aula
D. Decimus Decima
Cn. Gnaeus Gnaea
Sp. Spurius Spuria
M'. Manius Mania
Ser. Servius Servia
Ap. Appius Appia
N. Numerius Numeria
V. Vibius Vibia
Rare praenomina
A list of Republican rare praenomina available to the prospective
citizen is presented on the Name page (Index Nominum) of the main
Nova Roma Webiste:
http://www.novaroma.org/via_romana/names.html
This list will be updated by the Censores as new evidence comes to
the foreground.
These praenomina are only available on request and such requests
must be approved by the Censores.
I.1.3. Nomen.
The Nomen or genticile serves to identify which gens a prospective
citizen will belong to. The list of Nomina (or gentes) available in
Nova Roma can be found in the album gentium. A citizen wishing to
join a familia within a gens must seek the approval of the
Pater/materfamilias of the said familia. The choice of a gens is
subject to the articles II.2.1. and II.2.2. of the present lex.
Prospective citizens are authorised to petition the Censores if they
wish to create a new Gens, thus introducing a new nomen in Nova
Roma. If their claim is justified, historically valid and supported
by adequate evidence, the censores may, exceptionally, consider such
request and eventually decide to authorise the creation of a new
gens.
I.1.4. Cognomen.
The magistrates of Nova Roma understand the personal nature of
cognomina and the fact that they reflect physical or behavioural
characteristics. Therefore cognomina may be accepted even if they
don't appear on the recommended list. The prospective citizen must
be able to justify his/her choice on either historical or personal
grounds and that must be subject to the expressed condition that the
chosen cognomen be a Latin word. Please note the restriction applied
to cognomina that are already attached to a family in a particular
gens (see point II.2.1.2 of the present lex). A list of recommended
cognomina can be found in the Nova Roma web-pages for Roman names.
This list will be updated by the Censores as and when new evidence
comes to light.
Special Cognomina.
This lex revokes article II.E of Lex Cornelia et Maria de Mutandis
Nominibus whereby special cognomina were known under the
word "agnomina".
Honorary cognomina including, but not limited to, Maximus, Magnus,
Augustus are conferred upon a citizen by special dispensation. They
can be awarded by a vote of the Senate in recognition of service to
Nova Roma. They are not available to be chosen at the application
stage.
Geographical honorary cognomina that refer to a provincia or regio
(ie Germanicus, Britannicus) of Nova Roma and Roma Antiqua are
subject to the same limitations as they were customarily bestowed
upon a general after a succesful campaign.
Rare exceptions can be made by the censores in the case of citizen
born in the provincia covering the territory of his/her macronation.
In that latter case, the geographical cognomen will not be seen as
honorary and can be requested at the application stage.
Cognomina that refer to the name of a deity will not currently be
accepted unless the prospective citizen specifically expresses a
desire to honour a god or goddess that he/she already worships and
contact the Censores to present his/her case prior to sending
his/her application.
I.2. Name Change.
I.2.1. Introduction
The choice of a Roman name being a very personal and intimate
matter, the Censores and their staff must do their utmost to guide
and help prospective citizens to choose the right name on the first
instance. As such, no name change should be allowed after the
original application has been approved to the satisfaction of all
parties involved. However, on exceptional circumstances, the
Censores reserve the right to authorise such name change if the
citizen in question can effectively argue his/her case and only if
this change affects the praenomen, cognomen or agnomen. The ruling
of the Censores is final.
In case of a nomen change (ie change of gens), the only procedure
authorised is that of adoption. Adoption takes the forms of
adrogatio or adoptio according to the status, Sui Iuris or Alieni
Iuris, of the adopted party. The procedures of Adoption are defined
by the Lex Equitia De Familia and the effect on name are described
below : The citizen wishing to change his/her nomen must seek
approval from the new Pater/Materfamilias whose domus he/she wishes
to be part of. Upon approval, this prospective citizen will take the
praenomen, nomen and eventual cognomen of his/her new
Paterfamilias/Materfamilias.
Recent experiences, however, where the Censorial Cohors had to deal
with multiple adoptions of several members of the same gens into one
familia has shown that in these cases the only distinction between
members of that familia would have been to add yet another cognomen
(primus, secundus, tertius etc) to distinguish one civis from the
other. The censorial office judged that this solution was not
satisfactory as it cannot ensure that each civis would easily be
identifiable nor that his/her own individuality would truly be
reflected in their new name.
The following articles, I.2.2 and I.2.3, reflect those experiences
and propose a way of dealing with adoptions that is consistent with
traditional Roman nomenclature and the spirit of flexibility and
practicality that were qualities of our forefathers.
I.2.2. Adoption involving two cives belonging to two different
gentes.
I.2.2.1. The adopted party will take the Nomen AND Cognomen of
his/her adopting parent.
I.2.2.2. The adopted party will add to his/her new name a second
cognomen based on the root of his/her old Nomen to which will be
added -ianus/iana according to the gender.
I.2.2.3. The adopted party will be able to retain his/her praenomen
should he/she wish to, so long as the adopting parent agrees.
I.2.2.4. example : M. Anicius Brutus wishes to be adopted by the
paterfamilias L. Lucretius Candidus. M. Anicius Brutus wishes to
keep his Praenomen Marcus. His new name, after the adoption is
completed will be: M. Lucretius Candidus Anicianus.
I.2.3. Adoption involving two cives belonging to the same gens.
I.2.3.1. The adopted party will take the Nomen AND Cognomen of
his/her adopting parent.
I.2.3.2. The adopted party will retain his/her old Cognomen and use
it as a second cognomen in his new name. This second cognomen will
not be inherited by his/her filiifamilias.
I.2.3.3. The usual Cognomen resulting from adoption (ending in -
ianus/-iana and based on the root of the nomen of the adopted party
and as defined by the Lex Equitia de Familia) is dropped.
I.2.3.4. The adopted party will be able to retain his/her praenomen
should he/she wish to, so long as the adopting parent agrees.
I.2.3.5. Example: M. Anicius Brutus wishes to be adopted by the
paterfamilias L. Anicius Lepidus. M. Anicius Brutus wishes to keep
his Praenomen Marcus. His new name, after the adoption is completed,
will be: M. Anicius Lepidus Brutus. Please note the difference with
point I.2.2.4 above where the new name would have been: M. Anicius
Lepidus Anicianus.
II. APPROVAL PROCEDURES AND NAMES.
II.1. Introduction
II.1.1. This lex applies the revocation by Lex Labiena de Gentibus
of the right of former heads of Gentes (until now also known as
Pater/Materfamiliares) to approve or reject the application of a
prospective citizen to join a particular Gens.
II.1.2. This lex confirms the right of heads of Familiae known as
Pater/Materfamilias to approve or reject the application of a
prospective citizen to join a particular Familia.
II.2. Approval authority.
II.2.1. Approval authority in a Familia and/or Domus.
II.2.1.1. Familia.
Each Familia duly registered with the censorial office will be
headed by a Pater/Materfamilias chosen as per the recommendations
found in Lex Labiena de Gentibus.
II.2.1.2. Domus
Each Domus duly registered with the censorial office will be
confirmed in its position by the right of using a reserved and
specific cognomen within a Gens to differentiate itself from other
Domus in that Gens.
No prospective citizen of a particular Gens may choose the cognomen
of a Domus already existing within that Gens, unless the prospective
citizen has been approved by all the Patres/Matresfamilias of the
familiae existing in the said Domus. In effect the new prospective
citizen will become the pater/materfamilias of a new Familia within
the Domus.
Existing citizens must go through the process of Adoption (either
adoptio or adrogatio) to enter an existing Domus. See point I.2.3
II.2.1.3. Approval authority of the Pater/Materfamilias
The Pater/Materfamilias of a Familia duly registered with the
censorial office will have the ultimate authority in accepting or
rejecting the application of any prospective citizen wishing to join
this Familia.
II.2.1.4. The duty of the Pater/Mater Familias in guiding
prospective Citizens.
II.2.1.4.1. As the person responsible to welcome new citizens into
the Familia and guiding them in Nova Roma, the Pater/Materfamilias
has the duty to help and support the prospective citizen in his/her
choice of name, following the laws and edicta that guide such
selection, before the familial approval reaches the censorial office.
II.2.1.4.2. Should it come to the attention of the Censores that a
Pater/Materfamilias repeatedly approves prospective citizens with
names that do not compy with the present lex, a censorial
investigation may be launched as to why that is. If no satisfactory
explanation is provided, the Censores may issue a public reprimand
against the said Pater/Materfamilias for non adherence to Nova Roman
practice as defined by the laws, edicta and decreta of Nova Roma.
II.2.2. Approval authority in a Gens.
II.2.2.1. The Gens in Nova Roma
II.2.2.1.1. A Gens in Nova Roma is composed of many different
Familiae that share a common nomen.
II.2.2.1.2. Although members of a particular Gens may wish to
organise themselves as they see fit, for the purpose of this lex and
in accordance with Lex Labiena de Gentibus the Censores do not
recognise the authority of a head of a Gens as far as approving
citizens is concerned.
II.2.2.1.3. Building on the above point, closed Gentes are now
abolished as prospective citizens are free to join any Gens they
wish as opposed to officially recognised Familiae and Domus that are
allowed to present possible restrictive entry conditions.
II.2.2.2. Approval authority to acceptance in a Gens.
II.2.2.2.1. Any prospective citizen may choose the Gens of his
choice providing he/she doesn't seek to belong to an already
existing Domus. In the latter case approval authority falls within
the rights and duties of the Pater/Materfamilias as stated in
II.2.1.2.
II.2.2.2.2. The Censores will hold the ultimate authority to approve
or reject prospective citizens seeking admission in a Gens but not
in a recognised Familia.
III. SOURCES.
Roman Nomenclature:
Diana Bowder "Who Was Who In the Roman World", Cornell University
Press, 1980
John Boardman, Jasper Griffin, Oswyn Murray "The Oxford History of
the Roman World", Oxford University Press, 2001
T. Robert S. Broughton "Magistrates of the Roman Republic", Vol. 1
and 2, American Philological Association/Scholars Press, 1986
Mika Kajava "Roman Female Praenomina" Institutum Romanum Findlandiae
Vol. XIV, Rome 1994: Senatorial Women's Praenomina in the Republican
and Imperial Periods ( p. 136)
O. Salomies, "Die romischen Vornamen" (Commentationes Humanarum
Litterarum 82, 1987).
B. Salway, "What's In A Name? A Survey Of Roman Onomastic Practice
From c.700 B.C. to A.D. 700"
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-Republican-Roman-
Consuls
http://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/Consuls.List.html
http://www.hostkingdom.net/consuls.html
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LEX POPILLIA SENATORIA
This lex follows the institutions of the kings in establishing a
maximum size for the senate, and the lex Ovinia of c.318 in setting
guidelines for the selection of new senatores.
I. After each census the censores shall declare a maximum number of
senatores.
a. This number shall be 15% of the total number of assidui at the
time,
or the nearest whole number.
b. This number shall be the maximum number of senatores until the
number is revised by the censores after the following census.
c. This number shall never be lower than the number of senatores who
exist at the time of the declaration, regardless of the number of
assidui.
d. This number shall never exceed 300, regardless of the number of
assidui.
e. After they have declared the maximum number of senatores (and not
before), the censores shall revise the list of senatores.
II. The censores may remove senatores from the list.
a. They shall begin with the list drawn up by the previous censores.
b. They shall first strike from the list those who have died or lost
their citizenship since the last list was drawn up.
c. They may also strike from the list any existing senatores whose
past
conduct they consider seriously harmful to the dignity of the
senate.
They shall make public explanation of their reason for doing so.
d. An existing senator may only be removed from the list with the
agreement of both censores.
III. The censores shall add new senatores to the list.
a. After removing any senatores whom they wish to remove from the
list,
the censores shall sublect (add) new senatores to the list until the
total number of senatores is equal to the maximum which they have
set, or
as near to the maximum as the censores consider reasonable.
b. They shall first sublect any dictatorii (citizens who have
completed
terms as dictator) who have not already been sublected, removed, or
passed over for sublection.
c. They shall next sublect any censorii (citizens who have completed
terms as censor) who have not already been sublected, removed, or
passed
over for sublection.
d. They shall next sublect any consulares (citizens who have
completed
terms as consul) who have not already been sublected, removed, or
passed over for sublection.
e. They shall next sublect any praetores (citizens who have
completed
terms as praetor) who have not already been sublected, removed, or
passed over for sublection.
f. They shall next sublect citizens at their discretion, giving due
weight to their past tenure of public office, to their seniority,
and to
their good character. These may include citizens who were passed
over or
removed from the senate by previous censores.
g. They may pass over for sublection any citizen qualified under
III.b,
c, d, or e whose past conduct they consider would be seriously
harmful
to the dignity of the senate. They shall make public explanation of
their reason for doing so.
e. A new senator may only be added to the list with the agreement of
both censores.
IV. Higher magistrates and ex-magistrates shall be entitled to
attend
meetings of the senate.
a. Any flamen Dialis, dictator, censor, consul, or praetor shall be
entitled to attend meetings of the senate and to vote therein; any
tribunus plebis shall be entitled to attend meetings of the senate
but not to
vote therein.
b. No flamen Dialis, dictator, censor, consul, praetor, or tribunus
plebis shall be counted toward the total number of senatores.
c. Any dictatorius, censorius, consularis, or praetorius shall be
entitled to attend meetings of the senate and to vote therein,
except one
who has been deliberately passed over for sublection.
d. No dictatorius, censorius, consularis, or praetorius shall be
counted toward the total number of senatores unless he or she has
already
been sublected by the censores.
V. A decision of the censores to remove an existing senator, or of
either censor to pass over a citizen for sublection, is not subject
to any
appeal or provocatio and cannot be used as grounds to prosecute any
current or former censor.
VI. The leges Vedia senatoria, Arminia senatoria, and Octavia de
senatoribus are repealed.