C. Minucius Hadrianus Felix Quiritibus S.P.D.

Salvete omnes.

EDICTVM CENSORIVM DE CREATIONE SCRIBAE

Ex hoc, Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus scriba una cum iuribus, privilegiis,
et muneribus eius creatur.

Nullum ius iurandum poscetur.

Datum sub manu mea

NONVS IANVARIAS MMDCCLIX A.V.C.

C. Fabio Buteone Modiano Pompeia Minucia-Tiberia Strabone consulibus.

-----------------------

In accordance with this edict, Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus is appointed
scriba together with the rights, privileges, and duties thereof.

No oath shall be required.

Given under my hand

The Nones of January, 2759 years from the founding of the City (5th day
of January, 2006 CE .

In the consulship of Gaius Fabius Buteo Modianus and Pompeia
Minucia-Tiberia Strabo.

Valete Bene,
--
Gaius Minucius Hadrianus Felix
Censor
Senator
Pontifex et Minervae Aedis Sacerdos
Legate Massachusetts Regio
c.minucius.hadrianus@...

"What does it matter by which wisdom each of us arrives at the truth? It
is not possible that only road leads to so sublime a mystery."
- Quintus Aurelius Symmachus c. 340-c.402

"We are all, so far as we inherit the civilization of Europe, still
citizens of the Roman Empire, and time as not yet proved Virgil wrong
when he wrote:
/nec tempora pono: imperium sine fine dedi./"

-T.S. Eliot

"/His ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono: imperium sine fine dedi./"

"For the achievement of these people I fix neither spatial boundaries or
temporal limits: I have given them empire without end."

-Virgil, /Aeneid/ I.278,279


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

C. Minucius Hadrianus Felix Quiritibus S.P.D.

Salvete omnes.

EDICTVM CENSORIVM DE CREATIONE SCRIBAE

Ex hoc, Marcus Octavius Germanicus scriba una cum iuribus, privilegiis,
et muneribus eius creatur.

Nullum ius iurandum poscetur.

Datum sub manu mea

NONVS IANVARIAS MMDCCLIX A.V.C.

C. Fabio Buteone Modiano Pompeia Minucia-Tiberia Strabone consulibus.

-----------------------

In accordance with this edict, Marcus Octavius Germanicus is appointed
scriba together with the rights, privileges, and duties thereof.

No oath shall be required.

Given under my hand

The Nones of January, 2759 years from the founding of the City (5th day
of January, 2006 CE .

In the consulship of Gaius Fabius Buteo Modianus and Pompeia
Minucia-Tiberia Strabo.

Valete Bene,
--
Gaius Minucius Hadrianus Felix
Censor
Senator
Pontifex et Minervae Aedis Sacerdos
Legate Massachusetts Regio
c.minucius.hadrianus@...

"What does it matter by which wisdom each of us arrives at the truth? It
is not possible that only road leads to so sublime a mystery."
- Quintus Aurelius Symmachus c. 340-c.402

"We are all, so far as we inherit the civilization of Europe, still
citizens of the Roman Empire, and time as not yet proved Virgil wrong
when he wrote:
/nec tempora pono: imperium sine fine dedi./"

-T.S. Eliot

"/His ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono: imperium sine fine dedi./"

"For the achievement of these people I fix neither spatial boundaries or
temporal limits: I have given them empire without end."

-Virgil, /Aeneid/ I.278,279

Ex Officio Aedilis Curulis Gaii Equitii Catonis

EDICTVM AEDILIS CVRVLIS GAII EQVITII CATONIS

De Creatione Scribarum

Ex hoc edicto, cives scribas meos una cum officiis privilegiisque
omnibus praescriptis legibus Novae Romae designo.
Marcus Cassius Phillipus et Sextus Pontius Pilatus Barbatus scribae
creantur. Ius iurandum dare non poscentur.

Hoc edictum statim valet.

Datum sub manu mea nonis Ianuariis MMDCCLIX ab urbe
condita (anno Domini 2006) Gaio Fabio Buteoni Modiano Pompeia
Minucia-Tiberia Straboni consulibus.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

On the Naming of Scribae

I hereby appoint the following citizens as my scribae, together
with all the obligations and privileges prescribed by the laws of Nova
Roma. Marcus Cassius Phillipus and Sextus Pontius Pilatus Barbatus are
appointed scribae. They shall not be required to make any kind of oath.

This edict is effective immediately.

Given under my hand the nones of January 2759 a.u.c (A.D. 2006)
in the consulship of Gaius Fabius Buteo Modianus and Pompeia
Minucia-Tiberia Strabo.

Ex Officio C. Equitius Cato T. Iulius Sabinus Aediles Curules

EDICTVM AEDILICIVM DE PRAECEDENTIA EDICTA COMMERCIALIA CONFIRMANDA

In accordance with the Constitution of Nova Roma, we, C. Equitius Cato
and T. Iulius Sabinus, Curule Aediles for the current year, confirm
and promulgate the following Edicta issued by the past Curule Aediles
G. Fabia and L. Iulius Sulla, amended:

EDICTUM AEDILICIUM DE LEGIBUS PAREUNDIS IN REBUS COMMERCII
EDICTUM DE INTERDICTO RESTITUTORIO PER FORMULAM ARBITRARIAM
EDICTUM AEDILICIUM DE COMMERCIO IUSTO

The complete text of the amended edicta follows:


EDICTUM AEDILICIUM DE LEGIBUS PAREUNDIS IN REBUS COMMERCII

Since violation of macronational law in a venue sponsored or
operated by Nova Roma opens the republic and corporation to the
possibility of legal action for abetting that violation, the Aediles
Curules are compelled to protect the republic and the corporation by
ensuring that such violations cease immediately on determination
that they have occurred.
Therefore,
I. To meet macronational legal requirements vendors in Nova
Roman venues in the United States of America who take orders by
surface mail, email, or telephone are required to comply with the
Mail and Telephone Merchandise Order Rule of the Federal Trade
Commission. The text of the rule and guidelines for compliance are
provided by the Federal Trade Commission at:
http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/buspubs/mailorder.htm
II. In the event that the Aediles Curules receive a complaint of
noncompliance with this rule by a vendor under their authority and
the Aedilician Court in accordance with the Edictum do Commercio
Iusto should find that the rule has been violated, the violator's
privilege of advertising in the Macellum will be suspended
immediately for a period of one year, a request will be placed
before the Censores for removal of the violator from the Ordo
Equester, if applicable, and for a nota depriving the violator of
the rights of commercium (carrying on business in NR venues),
honores (holding office, including senatorial rank), and suffragium
(voting in Comitia) for one year, and the Federal Trade Commission
will be informed of the violation.
III. Like all judgments of the Aedilician Court in accordance
with the Edictum de Commercium Iusto, a judgment under this edictum
shall be subject to appropriate intercessio and appeal to the
Comitia Populi Tributa. Notice of appeal must be received within
seventy-two hours of publication of the judgment.
IV. This edictum takes effect immediately.


EDICTUM DE INTERDICTO RESTITUTORIO PER FORMULAM ARBITRARIAM

I. Arbitration for Commercial Disputes
A. Aedilician Jurisdiction
1. Whereas the Constitution of Nova Roma, IV.A.4.e, endows the
Aediles Cururles with the power and obligation "to maintain the
venues where the Ordo Equester are engaged in commerce, within Nova
Roma property," the Aediles Curules assume jurisdiction over
commercial disputes arising from transactions between Nova Roman
citizens and peregrines on Nova Roman property, at Nova Roman
events, or through the Macellum;
2. Whereas the Constitution of Nova Roma, IV.A.4.b, endows the
Aediles Curules with the power and obligation "to administer the
law," the jurisdiction of the Aediles Curules over commercial
disputes as specified in I.A.1 of this edictum shall include the
establishment of tribunals to arbitrate such disputes and the
issuance of interdicta restitutoria per formulam arbitrariam to
resolve them;
3. Whereas the Constitution of Nova Roma, IV.A.4.a, empowers
and obliges the Aediles Curules "to hold imperium," the procedures
of arbitration specified in this edictum shall have the force of law
and default or defiance thereof shall constitute obstruction of
justice.
B. Requirement of Arbitration Agreement
1. The actor of an arbitration must execute an agreement to
accept binding arbitration and submit it at the time of the request
for arbitration.
2. The reus of an arbitration must execute an agreement to
accept binding arbitration and submit it at the time of the reply to
the request for arbitration.
3. The text of the agreement to accept binding arbitration is
found in Appendix I of this edictum.
C. Definition of Terms
1. Arbitration. Arbitration is a form of interdictum
restitutorium per formulam arbitrariam. It consists of a binding
agreement between parties to place their commercial dispute before
an Aedilis Curulis for resolution by a tribunal of arbitri appointed
by the presiding Aedilis Curulis and to abide by that resolution
permanently and entirely.
a. Arbitration is a form of interdictum restitutorium because
its determination forbids the illicit transfer of possession of
something of value from one party to another, voiding the commercial
transaction, and restoring the status quo ante the dispute,
compensating by award such parties as may have been injured by the
status quo post.
b. Arbitration is per formulam arbitrariam since it entails
determination by a tribunal of arbitri rather than a quaestio of
iudices, requires no sponsio, and its determination does not result
in criminal sanction.
2. Criminal sanction may arise from default or obstruction of
justice in the arbitration process.
3. Presiding Aedilis Curulis. The Curule Aediles shall decide amongst
themselves who shall serve as presiding Curule Aedile for each instant
request for arbitration that is presented; the presiding Aedilis
Curulis must cede the right to preside to his Aedilician colleague in
the event of a demonstrated conflict of interest involving himself and
the parties when either Aedilis Curulis judges that such a conflict
exists.
4. Party
a. A party is a person or group of persons who have a dispute
with another person or persons over a single commercial transaction.
i. A single commercial transaction may involve multiple objects
or purchases possession of which is taken at the same time.
b. Only citizens of Nova Roma, members of the Ordo Equester,
vendors on Nova Roman property, at Nova Roman events, or through the
Macellum, and peregrines who have executed an agreement to binding
abritration (Appendix I of this edictum) may be a party to a request
for arbitration or reply to a request for arbitration.
i. An actor may refuse to execute an agreement to binding
arbitration, but in such cases the presiding Aedilis Curulis shall
refuse the request for arbitration with prejudice.
ii. A member of the Ordo Equester may refuse to execute an
agreement to binding arbitration. However, on such refusal the
presiding Aedilis Curulis shall notify the Censores and request
entry of a nota indicating the refusal. Such a refusal shall result
in termination of the arbitration process.
iii. A vendor on the Macellum may refuse to execute an agreement
to binding arbitration, but the presiding Aedilis Curulis shall
require the Curator Araneum to post a report of the refusal in
connection with the vendor's advertisement in the Macellum
permanently. Such a refusal shall result in termination of the
arbitration process.
iv. A vendor on Nova Roman property or at Nova Roman events may
refuse to execute an agreement to binding arbitration and shall be
refused permission to vend at the above specified venues. Such a
refusal shall result in termination of the arbitration process.
v. Execution of an agreement to binding arbitration does not
preclude pursuit of praetorian and/or macronational remedies for
offences specified in I.E of this edictum.
c. The party who submits the request for arbitration is the
actor;
d. The party against whom the claim is lodged in the request
for arbitration is the reus.
5. Arbiter. An arbiter is a fair and impartial determiner of
fact, appointed by the presiding Aedilis in accordance with III.A
and B and IV.A of this edictum. No person shall be an arbiter who is
not assiduus at the time of appointment and through the final
determination of the arbitration.
6. Tribunal. A Tribunal is a panel of three arbitri who shall
hear evidence and make a final determination of the arbitration by
majority vote.
7. Pignus.
a. The pignus is a surety provided by each party. The pignus
may consist of the disputed property or a sum of money equal to the
value of the requested award.
b. The award shall be paid from the pignus.
c. In extraordinary circumstances in the interest of justice
and with the concurrence of both the presiding Aedilis Curulis and
his aedilician colleague, the requirement of a pignus may be waived
by the presiding Aedilis Curulis.
d. The pignus of each party shall be safeguarded by the
quaestor of the presiding Aedilis Curulis.
e. In the event of termination of the arbitration by the
presiding Aedilis Curulis for any reason except default or
determination, the pignus of each party shall be returned to each
party.
f. In the event of default the pignus of the defaulting party
shall be given to the non-defaulting party and the non-defaulting
party's pignus returned.
D. Confidentiality.
1. All arbitrations, excepting the deliberation of the arbitri,
shall be a matter of public record.
2. Parties to the arbitration and their witnesses, and the
arbitri must waive their right to confidentiality under the Leges
Cornelia et Vedia de Privatus Rebus.
3. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall ensure that a permanent
record is kept of all official correspondence pertaining to
arbitrations and that a record of hearing and determination is
prepared and issued at his direction.
E. Default Praetorian and Macronational Jurisdiction. Any
request for arbitration which alleges a Nova Roman or macronational
criminal offence shall be rejected by the presiding Aedilis Curulis
and referred by default to praetorian jurisdiction and macronational
authorities for appropriate action. The presiding Aedilis Curulis
shall also inform the Consules of such referral in timely fashion
and, through them, the Senate.
II. Communications, Time Periods, Prohibited Dates, and Place of
Arbitration
A. Methods of communication. Surface mail, mail, telefax, and
telephonic conference are permitted methods of communication except
as indicated below. Hearings shall be conducted by email, telephonic
conference, or physical meeting. The means of communication not
specified below for procedures shall be determined from the above
list by the presiding Aedilis Curulis.
B. Time period. A nundinum shall be reckoned as a period of
eight days inclusive.
C. Prohibited Dates. No business pertaining to arbitration
shall be conducted on a dies nefastus. If business pertaining to
arbitration is accidentally conducted on a dies nefastus, the
business must be conducted anew and an expiation performed as
recommended by the Collegium Pontificum.
D. Place of Arbitration. The electronic or physical venue of
hearing and deliberation shall be determined by the presiding
Aedilis Curulis after consultation with the parties and their
advocati.
III. Procedures for Filing for Arbitration
A. Request for Arbitration
1. Any party, as defined in I.C.4 above, to a commercial
transaction may file a request for arbitration by written
communication to the presiding Aedilis Curulis. The requesting party
shall be termed the actor. Such a request must contain the following
information:
a. Names, addresses, email, telephone and/or telefax of all
parties and witnesses;
b. Designation of the actor's advocatus, if any;
c. A brief description of nature and circumstances of the
dispute and the actor's claim;
d. A brief statement of relief sought and amount, if any,
claimed;
e. A signed agreement to accept binding arbitration; the signed
agreement must be sent by post to the presiding Aedilis Curulis (the
form of the agreement must be that found in Appendix I of this
edictum);
f. Names, addresses, email, telephone and/or telefax of two
arbitri proposed by the actor.
g. The disputed propery or check or international money order
in the amount of the pignus, if required; the financial instrument
for the pignus must be sent by post to the presiding Aedilis
Curulis;
h. The oath of the actor in Appendix II of this edictum.
2. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall acknowledge in writing
receipt of the request for arbitration from the actor;
3. The aedilis shall forward a full copy of the request for
arbirtration to the reus within one nundinum of original receipt of
the request.
4. If any of the material required in III.A.1 is absent from
the request for arbitration, the request shall be dismissed without
prejudice. Five copies of all the material required in III.A.1 shall
be submitted at the time of request.
5. The presiding Aedilis Curulis may refuse to accept a request
for arbitration on grounds of jurisdictional incompetence, defect of
law, or inconsistency with reason. The presiding Aedilis Curulis
shall inform the actor of the refusal and its grounds within one
nundinum of receipt of the request for arbitration.
B. Reply of Reus to the Request for Arbitration.
1. The reus shall have two nundina from the date of
transmission or postmark of the forwarded original request for
arbitration to reply to that request. The reply to request must be
by written communication to the presiding Aedilis Curulis and
include:
a. Names, addresses, email, telephone and/or telefax of all
parties and witnesses;
b. Designation of the reus' advocatus, if any;
c. A brief description of nature and circumstances of the
dispute and reply to the actor's claim;
d. A signed agreement to accept binding arbitration; the signed
agreement must be sent by post to the Curulis Aedilis (the form of
the agreement must be that found in Appendix I of this edictum);
e. Names, addresses, email, telephone and/or telefax of two
arbitri proposed by the reus;
f. The disputed property or a check or international money
order in the amount of the pignus, if required; the financial
instrument for the pignus must be sent by post to the presiding
Aedilis Curulis;
g. The oath of the reus in Appendix II of this edictum.
2. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall acknowledge in writing
receipt of the reply to request for arbitration from the reus.
3. The aedilis shall forward a full copy of the reply to
request for arbitration to the actor within one nundinum of receipt
of the reply to the request.
4. A continuance of no more than two nundina may be granted by
the presiding Aedilis Curulis for compliance with III.B.1.
5. If the reus declines to participate in arbitration, the
presiding Aedilis Curulis shall deny the request for arbitration.
6. If the reus accepts arbitration and if any of the material
required in III.B.1. is absent from the reply to the request, the
reus shall be held to be in default. Five copies of all the material
required in III.A.1 shall be submitted at the time of request.
C. Upon receipt of the reply to request for arbitration the
presiding Aedilis Curulis shall initiate the procedures of
arbitration within two nundina and notify the parties thereof.
IV. Procedures of Arbitration
A. Appointment of Arbitri and Default Appointment
1. Upon notification that arbitration has been initiated by the
presiding Aedilis Curulis, the actor may preemptorily challenge one
of the reus' arbitri; notice of challenge shall be communicated to
the presiding Aedilis Curulis.
2. Upon notification that arbitration has been inititated by
the presiding Aedilis Curulis, the reus may preemptorily challenge
one of the actors' arbitri; notice of challenge shall be
communicated to the presiding Aedilis Curulis.
3. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall appoint the unchallenged
arbitri of the actor and reus arbitri on a tribunal to hear,
deliberate, and determination the outcome of the arbitration. If no
arbiter is challenged, the presiding Aedilis Curulis shall select
one from each submitted panel.
4. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall appoint an impartial and
independent third arbitrator of his selection to service as arbiter
on a tribunal to hear, deliberate, and determination the outcome of
the arbitration.
5. In the event that a arbiter duly appointed for the actor or
reus shall be unable to perform his duties before commencement of
the hearing, the presiding Aedilis Curulis shall appoint an
impartial and independent replacement of his selection.
6. If the actor and/or reus shall refuse to accept any
appointment of arbiter to the tribunal, the refusing party/parties
shall be held in default.
7. If, the hearing having commenced, a arbiter is unable to to
perform his duties, the presiding Aedilis Curulis shall act as
arbiter in his place. If more than one arbiter is unable to perform
his duties under these circumstances, the tribunal shall be
dissolved and a new tribunal selected in accordance with III.A.1.f,
III.B.1.f, and IV.A. of this edictum.
8. No citizen shall be compelled to serve as an arbiter, but,
having accepted the office, no arbiter shall withdraw except for
corruption, conflict of interest, grave illness, or other serious
reason sufficient to the presiding Aedilis Curulis.
B. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall preside over the
tribunal and rule upon points of order and law. The decisions of the
presiding Aedilis Curulis shall be binding on the arbitri, the
parties, their advocati, and witnesses.
1. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall prepare a formula on the
basis of the request for arbitration and the reply to the request
for arbitration.
2. This formula shall take the form: "N, NN, and NNN shall be
the arbitri. If it appears that the claim of the actor, Titius, to
wit [statement of claim of the actor] should prevail in the matter
in dispute, the arbitri shall require that the reus, Seius, provide
the award, to wit [statement of the award] to the actor; otherwise
the arbitri shall absolve the reus."
3. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall inform the parties and
arbitri of the formula at the time specified in III.C of this
edictum.
4. When the cause of justice shall require, the presiding
Aedilis Curulis may amend the formula at any point prior to
conclusion of the hearing. The parties and arbitri shall be notified
immedidately of any amendments to the formula.
5. No award in formula shall require a reus to perform a
dishonourable, criminal, or otherwise infamous act.
C. Oaths
1. Of arbitri. Each arbiter appointed to the tribunal shall
take the oath specified in Appendix II of this edictum before
undertaking his duties;
2. Of Parties. Each party shall take the oath specified in
Appendix II of this edictum in the request for arbitration or reply
to the request for arbitration.
3. Of Witnesses. Each witness shall take the oath specified in
Appendix II of this edictum before giving evidence.
D. General Powers of the Tribunal
1. The Tribunal shall serve as the court of hearing,
deliberation, and determination of the binding arbitration;
2. Arbitri may query witnesses and examine documents through
the presiding Aedilis Curulis;
3. Arbitri may request the presiding Aedilis Curulis to compel
witnesses to testify under penalty of fine for refusal; no reus
shall be compelled to testify against himself;
4. Arbitri may not deviate from the formula provided by the
presiding Aedilis Curulis;
5. If an arbiter is found to have been corrupted at any stage
of the arbitration, that arbiter shall be dismissed and the
arbitration dismissed;
a. With the agreement of the parties, a new tribunal shall be
empaneled in accordance with I.A.1.f, I.B.1.e, and III.A of this
edictum; uncorrupted arbitri of the previous tribunal may be
empaneled in its successor;
b. The corrupted arbiter shall be prosecuted for perjury and
obstruction of justice.
E. Language of Arbitration
1. The official language of arbitration shall be English;
2. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall arrange with the Decuria
Interpres for translation into other languages as needed, but no
more than one continuance shall be granted to facilitate procurement
of translation.
F. Advocati
1. Any party to the arbitration may be represented by an
advocatus of his choosing; neither actor nor reus shall be required
to be represented by an advocatus.
2. No advocatus shall be compensated for his services.
G. Hearing
1. The place, date, time of the hearing shall be determined by
the presiding Aedilis Curulis after consultation with the parties
and their advocati. The parties are responsible for ensuring the
presence of witnesses and documentary evidence.
2. The following procedures shall be followed at hearings:
a. The actor and/or his advocatus shall state the claim, the
evidence to be submitted for that claim, and the relief and/or
amount requested.
b. The reus and/or his advocatus shall state the denial of the
claim and the evidence to be submitted for that denial.
c. The actor and/or his adovcatus shall present the evidence
for the claim and relief in the form of witnesses for examination
and cross-examination by the reus and/or his advocatus, the
presiding Aedilis Curulis, or the arbitri, and/or documents
certified to the tribunal by the presiding Aedilis Curulis.
d. The reus and/or his adovcatus shall present the evidence
against the claim and relief in the form of witnesses for
examination and cross-examination by the actor and/or his advocatus,
the presiding Aedilis Curulis, or the arbitri, and/or documents
certified to the tribunal by the presiding Aedilis Curulis.
3. Ex parte Communications. No party or witness shall
communicate, except with the permission of the presiding Aedilis
Curulis, with any other party or witness regarding the dispute from
the opening of the hearing until the final determination has been
made.
4. Continuance. The presiding Aedilis Curulis may adjourn and
continue a hearing for a period up to a nundinum at the request of a
party or at his discretion.
5. Waiver and Stipulation. Parties shall have the right to
waive their portion of the procedures of sections VI.G.2 of this
edictum. Parties may stipulate by agreement to facts.
6. Termination by Settlement. If, prior to final determination
and with the consent of the presiding Aedilis Curulis, the parties
agree to settle their dispute outside the arbitration, the tribunal
shall be dismissed and the aribtration terminated. No dispute
terminated by settlement may be resubmitted for arbitration.
H. Deliberation and Determination
1. Upon completion of the hearing, the tribunal shall retire to
deliberate privately. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall accompany
them to rule on points of law and chair their deliberation. Unless
also a arbiter under IV.A.5 of this edictum, the presiding Aedilis
Curulis shall not vote on the final determination of the
arbitration.
2. Determination of the arbitration shall be a vote to accept
or reject (1) the actor's claim and (2) the actor's award in the
formula presented by the presiding Aedilis Curulis. Determination of
the arbitration shall be on preponderance of the evidence by a
majority vote of the arbitri. Abstentions shall be counted as votes
against the claim or award of the actor.
a. If the actor's claim is accepted, the award specified in the
formula must be made in accordance with the formula.
b. The tribunal is not obligated to give an award, even if a
determination has been made, unless otherwise specified in the
formula of the presiding Aedilis Curulis.
3. The determination shall be given to the presiding Aedilis
Curulis for notification of the parties.
I. Award. The amount of award shall be determined by the
tribunal in accordance with the presiding Aedilis Curulis' formula,
but shall not exceed the amount claimed for relief in the request
for arbitration. The award shall be paid from the pignus of the reus
and the pignus of the actor returned. In the event that the pignus
of the reus has been waived by the Aediles Curules, the reus shall
have one nundinum to surrender the appropriate pignus to the
Quaestor of the presiding Aedilis Curulis. A reus who refuses to
surrender the pignus within this time limit shall be subject to
prosecution before the Praetor for fraud and obstruction of justice.
J. Costs and Fines
1. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall recover from the parties
such receipted costs for communications, copying, exhibits, and the
like as are reasonable. a. In the event that a party shall dispute
the recovery, the matter shall be referred to the presiding Aedilis
Curulis' aedlician colleague for decision; his decision shall be
final.
2. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall be empowered to fine any
party or advocatus who violates the procedures of the arbitration.
The fine shall not exceed twenty-five U.S. dollars ($25.00) per
violation.
a. In the event that a party or advocatus shall dispute the
fine, the matter shall be referrerd to the presiding Aedilis
Curulis' aedlician colleague for decision; his decision shall be
final.
b. Fines must be paid within two nundina of their imposition.
Failure to pay a fine will result in prosecution before the Praetor
for obstruction of justice.
3. The presiding Aedilis Curulis shall be empowered to fine any
defaulting party up to the amount of the pignus, as well as awarding
the pignus to the non-defaulting party.
a. In the event that a party dispute the fine, the matter shall
be referrerd to the presiding Aedilis Curulis' aedlician colleague
for decision; his decision shall be final.
b. Fines must be paid within two nundina of their imposition.
Failure to pay a fine will result in prosecution before the Praetor
for obstruction of justice.
K. Exclusion of Liability. The parties shall exclude Nova Roma,
the presiding Aedilis Curulis, and arbitri from any legal liability
arising from the arbitration.
L. Waiver of Defamation. The parties shall agree to waive any
action for defamation arising from sworn testimony or admitted
written evidence in the hearing.
M. Default. A party shall be held in default if that party
fails to follow the procedures directed in this edictum, to provide
requested documents or testimony, or acts to disrupt or evade the
agreed upon arbitration. In the event that a party shall default,
the presiding Aedilis Curulis shall determine that the non-
defaulting party has prevailed and shall award reflief in accordance
with IV.I of this edictum. A defaulting party may be fined by the
presiding Aedilis Curulis.
N. Appeals
1. To Consular or Praetorian Jurisdiction. As a condition of
arbitration, the parties shall agree not to attempt to invoke
consular or praetorian jurisdiction over the arbitration.
2. To Comitia Centuriata. Appeal of a binding arbitration may
be made by either party only to the Comitia Centuriata and only on
grounds of a serious procedural error in the arbitration. The
Comitia Centuriata shall conduct trial as an appellate court in case
of such an appeal.
O. Intercessio
1. Tribunician or superior curule intercessio may be applied to
any procedure in abritration in accordance with the Constitution of
Nova Roma. Such an intercessio shall terminate the aribtration
without prejudice.
2. As a condition of arbitration, the parties shall agree not
to seek tribunician or superior curule intercessio over the
arbitration.
________________________________________
Appendix I
The following text is the agreement to accept binding arbitration
which must be executed by actor and reus in accordance with I.B of
this edictum:
AGREEMENT TO ACCEPT BINDING ARBITRATION
The undersigned party at interest in the matter of
______________________________________________ agrees to submit the
dispute now pending with ________________________________________ to
binding arbitration under the Aedilician Edictum on Binding
Arbitration of Commercial Disputes of Nova Roma.
The party agrees that a tribunal of arbiters appointed by a Aedilis
Curulis of Nova Roma will serve as arbitrators and decide the matter.
The party agrees that the Edictum Aedilicium de Interdicto
Restitutorio per Formulam Arbitrariam of Nova Roma shall govern all
rules of all proceedings related to this arbitration.
The party agrees that the tribunal's award is binding in all
respects upon all parties and may be entered as a final judgment in
any court of competent jurisdiction.
The party agrees that the tribunal shall hear and determine the
controversy on the evidence submitted. The presiding Aedilis Curulis
shall have ultimate responsibility to determine the relevancy and
admissibility of all evidence and to submit the formula. The party
agrees that the hearing and all other procedures will be conducted
in accordance with the Edictum Aedilicium de Interdicto Restitutorio
per Formulam Arbitrariam of Nova Roma. Any party who proceeds
through the arbitration after knowledge that any provision or
requirement of this edictum has not been complied with or fails to
object in writing, shall be deemed to have waived the objection. The
undersigned party agrees that should any party violate this
agreement, that party shall indemnify Nova Roma and the non-
violating party for any and all resulting costs.
This agreement for binding arbitration may be executed in several
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of
which shall be considered one and the same valid and enforceable
agreement.
Actor/Reus:_______________________________________________

Witness:_______________________________________________

Date:_______________________________________________

Presiding Aedilis Curulis:_________________________________________

Date:_______________________________________________
APPENDIX II
The following text is the oath which each arbiter shall take before
undertaking his duties:
I, [legal and Roman names], do hereby solemnly swear to accept the
office of arbiter and perform the duties of that office fairly and
impartially and to accept neither favour nor compensation for my
determination of this arbitration. On my honour as a citizen and in
the presence of the Gods and Goddesses of the Roman people and by
their will and favour I undertake this oath. [Arbitri of religions
other than the Religio Romana may specify the deity/deities in whose
presence the oath is undertaken, or if atheist, on his or her honour
alone].
The following text is the oath which a citizen actor shall take in
the request for arbitration:
I, [legal and Roman names], do hereby solemnly swear that the claim
I have made in my request for arbitration is true to the best of my
knowledge and that I have made a good-faith effort to resolve the
matter in dispute before requesting arbitration. On my honour as a
citizen and in the presence of the Gods and Goddesses of the Roman
people and by their will and favour I undertake this oath. [Citizens
of religions other than the Religio Romana may specify the
deity/deities in whose presence the oath is undertaken, or if
atheist on his or her honour alone].
The following text is the oath which a peregrine actor shall take in
the request for arbitration:
I, [legal name], do hereby solemnly swear that the claim I have made
in my request for arbitration is true to the best of my knowledge
and that I have made a good-faith effort to resolve the matter in
dispute before requesting arbitration. On my honour and in the
presence of the Gods and Goddesses of the Roman people I undertake
this oath. [Peregrines of religions other than the Religio Romana
may specify the deity/deities in whose presence the oath is
undertaken or, if atheist, on his or her honour alone].
The following text is the oath which a citizen reus shall take in
the reply to the request for arbitration:
I, [legal and Roman names], do hereby solemnly swear that the claim
I have made in my reply to the request for arbitration is true to
the best of my knowledge. On my honour as a citizen and in the
presence of the Gods and Goddesses of the Roman people and by their
will and favour I undertake this oath. [Citizens of religions other
than the Religio Romana may specify the deity/deities in whose
presence the oath is undertaken, or if atheist, on his or her honour
alone].
The following text is the oath which a peregrine reus shall take in
the reply to the request for arbitration:
I, [legal name], do hereby solemnly swear that the claim I have made
in my reply to the request for arbitration is true to the best of my
knowledge. On my honour and in the presence of the Gods and
Goddesses of the Roman people I undertake this oath. [Peregrines of
religions other than the Religio Romana may specify the
deity/deities in whose presence the oath is undertaken, or if
atheist, on his or her honour alone].
The following text is the oath which a citizen witness shall take in
the reply to the request for arbitration:
I, [legal and Roman names], do hereby solemnly swear that the
evidence I shall give is true and that I have neither received nor
shall receive compensation for my testimony. On my honour as a
citizen and in the presence of the Gods and Goddesses of the Roman
people and by their will and favour I undertake this oath. [Citizens
of religions other than the Religio Romana may specify the
deity/deities in whose presence the oath is undertaken, or if
atheist, on his or her honour alone].
The following text is the oath which a peregrine witness shall take
in the reply to the request for arbitration:
I, [legal name], do hereby solemnly swear that the evidence I shall
give is true and that I have neither received nor shall receive
compensation for my testimony. On my honour and in the presence of
the Gods and Goddesses of the Roman people and by their will and
favour I undertake this oath. [Peregrines of religions other than
the Religio Romana may specify the deity/deities in whose presence
the oath is undertaken, or if atheist, on his or her honour alone].


EDICTUM AEDILICIUM DE COMMERCIO IUSTO

Since the establishment of the office of Aedilis Curulis in
antiquity, the Aediles Curules have been charged with maintaining
fair and just business practices within the marketplaces of Roma.
Nova Roman citizens deserve the same assurances of fair dealing as
their fellow Roman citizens of antiquity, and promise of redress in
the event of grievance.
Therefore,
I. Any Nova Roman citizen may seek justice from the Aediles
Curules in the event they feel they have been dealt with unfairly in
any marketplace operating under the authority of Nova Roma.
II. Marketplaces under this edict include world wide web based
businesses operated by members of the Ordo Equester, businesses
operating at sponsored Nova Roma events, and any other business
activity carried out with express knowledge that Nova Roma citizens
are involved, whether by Nova Roma citizens or by associates who
knowingly do business with Nova Roma.
III. The Aediles Curules shall examine charges brought by
citizens, and shall determine whether an investigation into the
charges and specifications is warranted. The Aediles Curules shall
accept complaints only from parties to the instant business
transaction, unless the complainant can show direct financial damage
as result of the failure to meet obligations by a third party (e.g.,
as in a merchant whose supply of product is adversely affected by
the failure of another merchant to meet an obligation to a supplier
upon whom the first merchant depends).
IV. If in the process of investigation a settlement agreeable to
the parties can be reached, the matter will be closed.
V. The Aediles Curules may offer binding arbitration as a
dispute resolution method.
VI. If investigation of a charge reveals probable default of
obligation, no settlement can be reached by the parties, and one or
more of the parties refuses binding arbitration, the Aediles Curules
shall accept a petitio actionis, a formal charge of default of
obligation, from the actor (the complainant) against the reus (the
defendant). The Aediles Curules shall convene an Aedilician Court to
hear arguments from the parties and render a judgment. If the actor
of the petitio actionis shall refuse to appear or present argument,
the actio will be dismissed. If the reus of the petitio actionis
shall refuse to appear or present argument, a default judgment shall
be issued in favour of the actor. The rules of procedure for such
Aedilician Courts shall be those of Lex Salicia Iudiciaria,
excepting that the tribunal of iudices shall consist of the Aediles
Curules and the roles prescribed therein for the praetor shall be
undertaken by the Aediles Curules. The penalties for conviction in
the Aedilician Court shall be specified in the Aediles' formula and
may include:
A. Full restitution of the sought amount or merchandise;
B. Damages not to exceed twice the value of the disputed
merchanise or service;
C. Denial of the privilege of advertising in the Macellum;
D. Request to the Censores for removal from the Ordo Equester;
E. Request to the Censores for a nota affecting other iures
civiles, including honores (the right to hold office) and suffragium
(the right to vote in the Comitia).
Judgments of the Aedilician Court are public records and will be
announced publicly. Judgments of the Aedilician Court shall be
subject to appropriate intercessio and may be appealed to the
Comitia Populi Tributa. Notice of appeal must be given within
seventy-two hours of issue of the judgment.
VII. In cases where a prima facie case for criminal wrongdoing
can be made, the Aediles Curules shall remand the petitio actionis
to the praetores for action under the Lex Salicia Poenalis and, in
those cases where macronational law is involved, to the local civil
authorities.
VIII. This edictum becomes effective immediately.

Given under our hands the nones of January 2759 a.u.c. (5 January A.D.
2006) in the consulship of Gaius Fabius Buteo Modianus and Pompeia
Minucia-Tiberia Strabo.

C. Equitius Cato
T. Iulius Sabinus

EDICTVM PROPRAETORIVM DE CREATIONE PROCVRATORIS


Ex hoc, Lucius Aurelius Severus Procurator Provincialis Canadae Orientalis
creatur.

(In accordance with this edict Lucius Aurelius Severus is appointed Procurator Provincia Canada Orientalis)

Nullum ius iurandum poscetur.
(No oath shall be required)

Hoc edictum statim valet.
(This edict takes effect immediately).

Datum sub manu mea pridie Non. Ianuarias MMDCCLIX
(Given under my hand this Jan.5, 2006 CE.)

Pompeia Minucia Strabo Propraetrix Canadae Orientalis
Consul Novae Romae 2759 A.V.C.

========


















__________________________________________________
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EDICTVM CONSVLARE DE CREATIONE ACCENSORVM

Ex hoc M. Curiatius Complutensis, C. Minucius Scaevola, C. Curius Saturninus,
T. Iulius Sabinus, M. Minucius Audens, Patricia Cassia accensi et accensa creantur.

[In accordance with this edict, M. Curiatius Complutensis, C. Minucius Scaevola, C. Curius Saturninus, T. Iulius Sabinus, M. Minucius Audens, Patricia Cassia are made accensi/accensa (respectively)]

Nullum ius iurandum poscetur.
[No oath shall be required]

Hoc edictum statim valet.
[This edict takes effect immediately].

Datum sub manu mea non Ianuarias MMDCCLIX A.V.C.
[Given under my hand this 6 January, 2006 CE.]

C. Fabio Buteone Modiano Pompeia Minucia Strabone
consulibus

========







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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est postridie Nonas Ianuarius; haec dies fastus aterque est.


"When, therefore, the ditch was finished, the rampart completed and
the necessary work on the houses done, and the situation required that
they should consider also what form of government they were going to
have, Romulus called an assembly of the people by the advice of his
grandfather, who had instructed him what to say, and told them that
the city [Rome], considering that it was newly built, was sufficiently
adorned both with public and private buildings; but he asked them all
to bear in mind that these were not the most valuable things in
cities. For neither in foreign wars, he said, are deep ditches and
high ramparts sufficient to give the inhabitants an undisturbed
assurance of their safety, but guarantee one thing only, namely, that
they shall suffer no harm through being surprised by an incursion of
the enemy; nor, again, when civil commotions afflict the State, do
private houses and dwellings afford anyone a safe retreat. For these
have been contrived by men for the enjoyment of leisure and
tranquillity in their lives, and with them neither those of their
neighbours who plot against them are prevented from doing mischief nor
do those who are plotted against feel any confidence that they are
free from danger; and no city that has gained splendour from these
adornments only has ever yet become prosperous and great for a long
period, nor, again, has any city from a want of magnificence either in
public or in private buildings ever been hindered from becoming great
and prosperous. But it is other things that preserve cities and make
them great from small beginnings: in foreign wars, strength in arms,
which is acquired by courage and exercise; and in civil commotions,
unanimity among the citizens, and this, he showed, could be most
effectually achieved for the commonwealth by the prudent and just life
of each citizen. Those who practise warlike exercises and at the same
time are masters of their passions are the greatest ornaments to their
country, and these are the men who provide both the commonwealth with
impregnable walls and themselves in their private lives with safe
refuges; but men of bravery, justice and the other virtues are the
result of the form of government when this has been established
wisely, and, on the other hand, men who are cowardly, rapacious and
the slaves of base passions are the product of evil institutions. He
added that he was informed by men who were older and had wide
acquaintance with history that of many large colonies planted in
fruitful regions some had been immediately destroyed by falling into
seditions, and others, after holding out for a short time, had been
forced to become subject to their neighbours and to exchange their
more fruitful country for a worse fortune, becoming slaves instead of
free men; while others, few in numbers and settling in places that
were by no means desirable, had continued, in the first place, to be
free themselves, and, in the second place, to command others; and
neither the successes of the smaller colonies nor the misfortunes of
those that were large were due to any other cause than their form of
government. If, therefore, there had been but one mode of life among
all mankind which made cities prosperous, the choosing of it would not
have been difficult for them; but, as it was, he understood there were
many types of government among both the Greeks and barbarians, and out
of all of them he heard three especially commended by those who had
lived under them, and of these systems none was perfect, but each had
some fatal defects inherent in it, so that the choice among them was
difficult. He therefore asked them to deliberate at leisure and say
whether they would be governed by one man or by a few, or whether they
would establish laws and entrust the protection of the public
interests to the whole body of the people. 'And whichever form of
government you establish,' he said, 'I am ready to comply with your
desire, for I neither consider myself unworthy to command nor refuse
to obey. So far as honours are concerned, I am satisfied with those
you have conferred on me, first, by appointing me leader of the
colony, and, again, by giving my name to the city. For of these
neither a foreign war nor civil dissension nor time, that destroyer of
all that is excellent, nor any other stroke of hostile fortune can
deprive me; but both in life and in death these honours will be mien
to enjoy for all time to come.'" - Dionysius of Halicarnassus, "Roman
Antiquities" 2.3


"They stay up the whole night singing songs and playing the flute,
offering these to the images of the gods; and, when the revelries of
the night are over, after cock-crow, they go down with torches into a
subterranean sanctuary and bring p a carved wooden image, which is
laid naked on a litter. on its forehead it has the sign of the cross,
in gold, and on both its hands two other signs of the same shape, and
two more on its knees; and the five signs are all fashioned in gold.
They carry this carved image seven times around the middle of the
temple precincts, to the sound of flutes and tambourines and hymns,
and after the procession they carry it down again into the crypt. But
if you ask them what this mysterious performance cans they answer:
Today, at this hour, the Kore, that is to say the virgin, has given
birth to the Aeon." - St. Epiphanius of Salamis (A.D. 310-402)

"Mistletoe is, however, seldom found on a hard-oak, and when it is
discovered it is gathered with great ceremony, and particularly on the
6th day of the moon (which for those tribes [Druids] constitutes the
beginning of the months and the years) and after every thirty years of
a generation, because it is then rising in strength and not one half
its full size." - Pliny the Elder, Natural History, XVI.xcv.250

"The last of the mystic twelve days is Epiphany or Twelfth Night, and
it has been selected as a proper season for the expulsion of the
powers of evil in various parts of Europe." - Sir James Frazer, "The
Golden Bough"

Today is the celebration of the Epiphany. Epiphany was traditionally
a Christian feast to celebrate the "shining forth" or revelation of
God to humanity in human form, in the person of Jesus Christ. It
included the birth of Jesus Christ; the visit of the three Magi,
Caspar, Melchior and Balthasar arrived in Bethlehem; and all of Jesus'
childhood events, up to His baptism in the Jordan by John the Baptist.
The feast was initially based on, and viewed as a fulfillment of, the
Jewish Feast of Lights. This was fixed on 6th January, but over time
the Western churches decided to celebrate Christmas on December 25, to
replace the older celebrations of the Brumalia and Saturnalia. The
Eastern churches, refusing to accept the Gregorian Calendar,
continued to treat 6th January as the day marking Jesus's birth. This
has given rise in the west to the notion of a twelve day festival,
starting on 25th December. Today in Eastern Orthodox churches, the
emphasis at this feast is on the shining forth and revelation of Jesus
Christ as the Messiah and second Person of the Holy Trinity at the
time of His baptism. Usually called the Feast of the Theophany, it is
one of the great feasts of the liturgical year; "theophany" is Greek
for "God shining forth".


Valete bene!

Cato



SOURCES

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Epiphany
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page)

EDICTVM PRAETORIVM II - DE EDICTIS PRIORIBVS RENOVANDIS

I. Magistratus nulla edicta divulgata a magistratibus ordinariis anno
MMDCCLVIII post a.d. VIII Kalendas Februarias MMDCCLIX A.V.C. nisi a
magistratu subsequente publice renovata valitura esse admonemus.

II. Edicto rite dato in Foro Publico Novae Romae e Lege Arminia de
Ratione Edictis horum edictorum renovatio divulganda est.

Datum sub manibus nostris ante diem octavum Idus Januarias MMDCCLIX
A.V.C. C. FABIO BVTEONE MODIANO POMPEIA MINVCIA STRABONE CONSVLIBVS

+++

Edictum Praetorium II - Recognition of last year's Edicta

I. Magistrates are reminded that, under the Lex Arminia de Ratione
Edictorum, any edicta of the Magistrati Ordinarii issued in 2758 will no
longer have legal and binding force after ante diem VIII Kal. FEBRVARIAS
MMDCCLIX a.v.c. (25 January 2006) unless they are publicly renewed by
the succeeding Magistrate.

II. The renewal of said edicta must be in the form of an edict
officially announced in the Nova Roma public forum, in keeping with the
Lex Arminia de Ratione Edictorum.

06 January 2005

TITVS OCTAVIVS PIVS AHENOBARBVS
TIBERIVS GALERIVS PAVLINVS
PRAETORES MMDCCLIX AVC

--- In ComitiaPlebisTributa@yahoogroups.com, Marcus Horatius
<mhoratius@s...> wrote:

M Moravius Piscinus Horatianus Tribunus Plebis Quiritibus Novae
Romae salutem plurinam dicit

Appointment of Marcus Marcius Rex as Viator Tribuni Plebis in
provincia Germania.

I. I hereby appoint Marcus Marcius Rex to serve as my Viator in
provincia Germania.

II. Viator Marcus Marcius Rex is authorized to receive and dispatch
any communications between the cives Novae Romae and socii who live
in provincia Germania and myself, Tribunus Plebis Marcus Moravius
Piscinus, when the communications concern the duties and
responsibilities of the office of a Tribunus Plebis.

III. Viator Marcus Marcius Rex is also authorized to act in my
name, sine potestes Tribunicia, to cooperate with Propraetor
Marcus Flavius Philippus Conservatus in addressing any concerns or
issues of cives Novae Romae and socii who live in provincia Germania.

IV. No oath of office shall be required.

V. This appointment of Marcus Marcius Rex as my Viator in provincia
Germania shall take effect as of today, 6 January 2006.


Ab manu M Moravi Piscini, Tr, Pl., AUC VIII Idus Ian. MMDCCLIX
Gaio Fabio Buteo Modiano Pompeia Minucia Tiberia consulibus.

--- End forwarded message ---

Salvete, omnes.

Of course, this wasn't a draft, but an actual edict - I forgot to change
the title before sending it here. Pardon the confusion.

Valete, Titus Octavius Pius Ahenobarbus, Praetor.

Tribunus Plebis Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa Comitia Plebis Tributa SPD

Regarding the Plebiscitum Vipsania de consecratione and the Plebiscitum Moravia de Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum

Salvete

I hereby officially convene the Comitia Plebis Tributa to vote on the Plebiscitum Vipsania de consecratione and the Plebiscitum Moravia de Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum.

The contio begins January 7th,18:00 Roman Time (17:00 GMT, 12 noon Eastern US time, 09:00 PST). Voting shall begin January 16th, 18:00 Roman Time (17:00 GMT, 12 noon Eastern US time, 09:00 PST). Voting shall end January
22nd, 18:00 Roman Time (17:00 GMT, 12 noon Eastern US time, 09:00 PST).

Text of the plebiscitum.

"We the Plebians of Nova Roma recognize and accept the results of the election of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis held in the Comitia Plebis Tributa during the month of December 2758 A.U.C. as reported by the Office of the Custodes, and by this act of consecratio afford to the designiti":

Marcus Arminius Maior
Marcus Moravius Piscinus Horatianus
Gnaeus Salvius Astur
Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa

the rights, responsibilities, and obligations to exercise on behalf of all Nova Romans, in our name, the Tribunicia Potestas as outlined in Nova Roma law and in accordance with the mos maiorum.

And afford to the designiti:

Julilla Sempronia Graccha
Marca Hortensia Maior

the rights, responsibilities, and obligations to exercise on behalf of all Nova Romans, in our name, the duties of Aediles Plebiis as outlined in Nova Roma law and in accordance with the mos maiorum."

Text of the Plebiscitum Moravia de Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum

Plebiscitum Moravia de Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum, AUC XV Kal. Dec MMDCCLVI, as amended by Lex Arminia De Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum, AUC IV Non. IUN. MMDCCLVII, Section V: Timing the Vote, on the election of Plebian officials, is hereby amended, under the Constitution Part III, Section C, as follows:

I) Subsections V.A, V.B, AND V.C revoked by the by Lex Arminia De Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum are replaced as follow:
V.A: The Tribuni Plebis shall decide amongst themselves which of them shall conduct the regular annual election of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis. The Tribunus Plebis conducting the election is responsible for arranging for the vote as described in Section VI, calling for candidates, calling for the contio, calling for the Comitia to vote, receiving the results of the vote from the Custodes, and announcing the results to the Comitia Plebis Tributa, to the Senate, on the Nova Roma Announcement Boards, and on other Nova Roma fora. Once the Tribunus Plebis has called for a contio and announced the dates on which the Comitia is to vote, the election may be continued and its results held legal, even if the Tribunus Plebis conducting the election is prevented from fulfilling all of his or her other obligations under this subsection.

V.B: Annual elections of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis shall be held within the month of November. The contio shall be called before the Nones of November and the Comitia called to vote in the week following the Nones of November. Those candidates winning election shall be called Tribuni Plebis designiti and Aediles Plebis designiti, respectively. Upon announcement of the results of the election, any Tribunus Plebis may call for a contio and set dates for holding a consecratio of the Tribuni Plebis designiti and Aediles Plebis designiti. The consecratio shall be arranged as when voting on a plebiscitum, and other plebiscita may also be proposed before the Comitia at the same time. On 10 December the newly consecrated Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis shall be installed into their respective offices.

V.C: "While the Comitia Plebis Tributa is convoked during the regular annual elections of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis, plebiscita may not be considered for a vote."




II) A consecratio is a formal recognition by the Comitia Plebis Tributa of the election results of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis, and by its enactment the Comitia Plebis Tributa extends sanctitas, as defined under the Lex Arminia Equita de Sanctitate, AUC Idibus Sextilis MMDCCLVII, to Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis.

III) This plebiscitum shall take effect immediately, with the regular annual elections of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis to be held in November AUC 2759. Any Tribunus Plebis or Aediles Plebis who shall have been elected to begin office on AUC 1 January 2759, and shall hereby have his or her term of office curtailed by this plebiscitum, shall be regarded as having served a full year in office, AUC 1 January to 31 December 2759.

Valete,
Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa
Tribunus Plebis



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Ex Officio Aedilis Curulis Gaii Equitii Catonis

EDICTVM AEDILIS CVRVLIS GAII EQVITII CATONIS

De Creatione Scribae

Ex hoc edicto civem scribam meum una cum officiis privilegiisque
omnibus praescriptis legibus Novae Romae designo. Lucius Fidelius
Graecus scriba creatur. Ius iurandum dare non poscetur.

Hoc edictum statim valet.

Datum sub manibus meis nonis Ianuariis MMDCCLIX ab urbe condita (anno
Domini 2006) Gaio Fabio Buteone Modiano Pompeia Minucia Strabone
consulibus.

M Moravius Piscinus Tr. Pl. Quiritibus SPD:

There was apparently a misprint confusing the name of this proposed
plebiscitum and the name of an earlier amended Lex Moravia to which
the plebiscitum refers, concerning the Comitia's voting procedures.
The plebiscitum should read as follows:

Plebiscitum Moravia de Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum

Lex Moravia de Suffragiis in Comitiis Plebis Tributis et Ratione
Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum, AUC XV Kal. Dec MMDCCLVI, as amended
by Lex Arminia De Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum, AUC IV Non.
IUN. MMDCCLVII, Section V: Timing the Vote, on the election of
Plebian officials, is hereby amended, under the Constitution Part
III, Section C, as follows:

I) Subsections V.A, V.B, AND V.C revoked by the by Lex Arminia De
Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum are replaced as follow:

V.A: The Tribuni Plebis shall decide amongst themselves which of
them shall conduct the regular annual election of Tribuni Plebis and
Aediles Plebis. The Tribunus Plebis conducting the election is
responsible for arranging for the vote as described in Section VI,
calling for candidates, calling for the contio, calling for the
Comitia to vote, receiving the results of the vote from the
Custodes, and announcing the results to the Comitia Plebis Tributa,
to the Senate, on the Nova Roma Announcement Boards, and on other
Nova Roma fora. Once the Tribunus Plebis has called for a contio and
announced the dates on which the Comitia is to vote, the election
may be continued and its results held legal, even if the Tribunus
Plebis conducting the election is prevented from fulfilling all of
his or her other obligations under this subsection.

V.B: Annual elections of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis shall be
held within the month of November. The contio shall be called before
the Nones of November and the Comitia called to vote in the week
following the Nones of November. Those candidates winning election
shall be called Tribuni Plebis designiti and Aediles Plebis
designiti, respectively. Upon announcement of the results of the
election, any Tribunus Plebis may call for a contio and set dates
for holding a consecratio of the Tribuni Plebis designiti and
Aediles Plebis designiti. The consecratio shall be arranged as when
voting on a plebiscitum, and other plebiscita may also be proposed
before the Comitia at the same time. On 10 December the newly
consecrated Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis shall be installed
into their respective offices.

V.C: While the Comitia Plebis Tributa is convoked during the regular
annual elections of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis, plebiscita
may not be considered for a vote.

II) A consecratio is a formal recognition by the Comitia Plebis
Tributa of the election results of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles
Plebis, and by its enactment the Comitia Plebis Tributa extends
sanctitas, as defined under the Lex Arminia Equita de Sanctitate,
AUC Idibus Sextilis MMDCCLVII, to Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis.

III) This plebiscitum shall take effect immediately, with the
regular annual elections of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis to be
held in November AUC 2759. Any Tribunus Plebis or Aediles Plebis who
shall have been elected to begin office on AUC 1 January 2759, and
shall hereby have his or her term of office curtailed by this
plebiscitum, shall be regarded as having served a full year in
office, AUC 1 January to 31 December 2759.

OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem VII Idus Ianuarius; haec dies comitialis est.


"Such was the speech that Romulus, following the instructions of his
grandfather, as I have said, made to the people. And they, having
consulted together by themselves, returned this answer: 'We have no
need of a new form of government and we are not going to change the
one which our ancestors approved of as the best and handed down to us.
In this we show both a deference for the judgment of our elders, whose
superior wisdom we recognize in establishing it, and our own
satisfaction with our present condition. For we could not reasonably
complain of this form of government, which has afforded us under our
kings the greatest of human blessings — liberty and the rule over
others. Concerning the form of government, then, this is our
decision; and to of this honour we conceive none has so good a title
as you yourself by reason both of your royal birth and of your merit,
but above all because we have had you as the leader of our colony and
recognize in you great ability and great wisdom, which we have seen
displayed quite as much in your actions as in your words.' Romulus,
hearing this, said it was a great satisfaction to him to be judged
worthy of the kingly office by his fellow men, but that he would not
accept the honour until Heaven, too, had given its sanction by
favourable omens.

And when the people approved, he appointed a day on which he proposed
to consult the auspices concerning the sovereignty; and when the time
was come, he rose at break of day and went forth from his tent. Then,
taking his stand under the open sky in a clear space and first
offering the customary sacrifice, he prayed to King Jupiter and to the
other gods whom he had chosen for the patrons of the colony, that, if
it was their pleasure he should be king of the city, some favourable
signs might appear in the sky. After this prayer a flash of lightning
darted across the sky from the left to the right. Now the Romans look
upon the lightning that passes from the left to the right as a
favourable omen, having been thus instructed either by the Tyrrhenians
or by their own ancestors. Their reason is, in my opinion, that the
best seat and station for those who take the auspices is that which
looks toward the east, from whence both the sun and the moon rise as
well as the planets and fixed stars; and the revolution of the
firmament, by which all things contained in it are sometimes above the
earth and sometimes beneath it, begins its circular motion thence.
Now to those who look toward the east the parts facing toward the
north are on the left and those extending toward the south are on the
right, and the former are by nature more honourable than the latter.
For in the northern parts the pole of the axis upon which the
firmament turns is elevated, and of the five zones which girdle the
sphere the one called the arctic zone is always visible on this side;
whereas in the southern parts the other zone, called the antarctic, is
depressed and invisible on that side. So it is reasonable to assume
that those signs in the heavens and in mid-air are the best which
appear on the best side; and since the parts that are turned toward
the east have preüeminence over the western parts, and, of the eastern
parts themselves, the northern are higher than the southern, the
former would seem to be the best. But some relate that the ancestors
of the Romans from very early times, even before they had learned it
from the Tyrrhenians, looked upon the lightning that came from the
left as a favourable omen. For they say that when Ascanius, the son of
Aeneas, was warred upon and besieged by the Tyrrhenians led by their
king Mezentius, and was upon the point of making a final sally out of
the town, his situation being now desperate, he prayed with
lamentations to Jupiter and to the rest of the gods to encourage this
sally with favourable omens, and thereupon out of a clear sky there
appeared a flash of lightning coming from the left; and as this battle
had the happiest outcome, this sign continued to be regarded as
favourable by his posterity." - Dionysius of Halicarnasus, "Roman
Antiquities" 2.4-5


"The officer who brought them home to Pompey spread amongst the people
no very fair or favourable report of Caesar, and flattered Pompey
himself with false suggestions that he was wished for by Caesar's
army; and though his affairs here were in some embarrassment through
the envy of some, and the ill state of the government, yet there the
army was at his command, and if they once crossed into Italy would
presently declare for him; so weary were they of Caesar's endless
expeditions, and so suspicious of his designs for a monarchy. Upon
this Pompey grew presumptuous, and neglected all warlike preparations
as fearing no danger, and used no other means against him than mere
speeches and votes, for which Caesar cared nothing. And one of his
captains, it is said, who was sent by him to Rome, standing before the
senate-house one day, and being told that the senate would not give
Caesar longer time in his government, clapped his hand on the hilt of
his sword and said, 'But this shall.'

Yet the demands which Caesar made had the fairest colours of equity
imaginable. For he proposed to lay down his arms, and that Pompey
should do the same, and both together should become private men, and
each expect a reward of his services from the public. For that those
who proposed to disarm him, and at the same time to confirm Pompey in
all the power he held, were simply establishing the one in the tyranny
which they accused the other of aiming at. When Curio made these
proposals to the people in Caesar's name, he was loudly applauded, and
some threw garlands towards him, and dismissed him as they do
successful wrestlers, crowned with flowers. Antony, being tribune,
produced a letter sent from Caesar on this occasion, and read it
though the consuls did what they could to oppose it. But Scipio,
Pompey's father-in-law, proposed in the senate, that if Caesar did not
lay down his arms within such a time he should be voted an enemy; and
the consuls putting it to the question, whether Pompey should dismiss
his soldiers, and again, whether Caesar should disband his, very few
assented to the first, but almost all to the latter. But Antony
proposing again, that both should lay down their commissions, all but
a very few agreed to it. Scipio was upon this very violent, and
Lentulus, the consul, cried aloud, that they had need of arms, and not
of suffrages, against a robber; so that the senators for the present
adjourned, and appeared in mourning as a mark of their grief for the
dissension." - Plutarch, Lives, "Caesar"

On this day in 49 B.C., Gaius Iulius Caesar was ordered by the Senate
of Rome to disband his troops. Born with unbridled political ambition
and unsurpassed oratory skills, Julius Caesar manipulated his way to
the position of consul of Rome in 59 BC. After his year of service he
was named governor of Gaul where he amassed a personal fortune and
exhibited his outstanding military skill in subduing the native Celtic
and Germanic tribes. Caesar's popularity with the people soared,
presenting a threat to the power of the Senate and to Pompey, who held
power in Rome. Accordingly, the Senate called upon Caesar to resign
his command and disband his army or risk being declared an "Enemy of
the State". Pompey was entrusted with enforcing this edict - the
foundation for civil war was laid.

It was January 49 B.C., Caesar was staying in the northern Italian
city of Ravenna and he had a decision to make. Either he acquiesced to
the Senate's command or he moved southward to confront Pompey and
plunge the Roman Republic into a bloody civil war. An ancient Roman
law forbade any general from crossing the Rubicon River and entering
Italy proper with a standing army. To do so was treason. This tiny
stream would reveal Caesar's intentions and mark the point of no return.


Valete bene!

Cato



SOURCES

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Plutarch, Caesar at the Rubicon
(http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/caesar.htm)

Ex Officio Censoris Gnaei Equiti Marini

EDICTVM CENSORIVM A GNAEO EQVITIO MARINO

The following statement shall continue to be listed as a notice under
the e-mail link for each citizen in the Album Civium:

"This mail tool may not be used for advertising, commercial or political."

Hoc edictum statim valet.

This edict is effective immediately.

Datum sub manu mea ante diem VII Id. IANVARIAS MMDCCLIX ab urbe condita

Given under my hand this 7th day of January 2759 a.u.c (2006 C.E.)

Gaio Fabio Buteone Modiano Pompeia Minucia Strabone consulibus.

In the consulship of Gaius Fabius Buteo Modianus and Pompeia Minucia Strabo


CN•EQVIT•MARINVS

Salve, oh queen Minerva,
Only by you we can have strength to continue,
When our life, more fragile than the boat of Odisseus,
Is swallowed by the waves of Fortune
"There is a tide in the affairs fo man"
Perhaps not so fierce like Zephyr tried
To sink Aeneas and the trojans on the Trinaclia,
But - still strong enough for us -
However, I praise myself on this sweet terrible fate,
We - somtimes - find a pleasant Lybia to rest with Dido
Or - somehow - the maiden Nausicaa ir ready receives us
With the pudicitia to stay hidden by bushes
May you, oh queen Athena, look for the consules
For the tribunes and magistrates...
...And for the long-time forgotten senatores,
Singing your blessings on a poor hymn...



Valete bene in pacem deorum,
L. Arminius Faustus, senator


---------------------------------
Yahoo! doce lar. Faça do Yahoo! sua homepage.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve bene Luci Fauste

Maximus gratias tibi ago.

May the Gods watch over all of us, the Senate and people of Nova Roma, the magistrates and tribunes, and may Minerva always lend us Her wisdom in our councils.

Vale in pace Deorum
M Moravius Piscinus Horatianus
Tribunus Plebis


Livy 5.51.5-6: You discover that all events turn out well when we follow the Gods in obedience, and ill when we spurn Them.

Invenietis omnia prospera evenisse sequentibus Deos, adversa spernentibus.


Lucius Arminius Faustus <lafaustus@...> wrote:
Salve, oh queen Minerva,
Only by you we can have strength to continue,
When our life, more fragile than the boat of Odisseus,
Is swallowed by the waves of Fortune
"There is a tide in the affairs fo man"
Perhaps not so fierce like Zephyr tried
To sink Aeneas and the trojans on the Trinaclia,
But - still strong enough for us -
However, I praise myself on this sweet terrible fate,
We - somtimes - find a pleasant Lybia to rest with Dido
Or - somehow - the maiden Nausicaa ir ready receives us
With the pudicitia to stay hidden by bushes
May you, oh queen Athena, look for the consules
For the tribunes and magistrates...
...And for the long-time forgotten senatores,
Singing your blessings on a poor hymn...



Valete bene in pacem deorum,
L. Arminius Faustus, senator

---------------------------------
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SPONSORED LINKS
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salvete Quirites!

I phoned Faustus yesterday and I think this poem is the result. I
know that he is well, but he has no access to any Yahoo mail and very
little Internet access. Faustus and I will exchange a few mails so
see what we can do to find a solution as his life is good, but rather
busy.

He sends the Res Publica and You all his greetings though!

>Salve, oh queen Minerva,
>Only by you we can have strength to continue,
>When our life, more fragile than the boat of Odisseus,
>Is swallowed by the waves of Fortune
>"There is a tide in the affairs fo man"
>Perhaps not so fierce like Zephyr tried
>To sink Aeneas and the trojans on the Trinaclia,
>But - still strong enough for us -
>However, I praise myself on this sweet terrible fate,
>We - somtimes - find a pleasant Lybia to rest with Dido
>Or - somehow - the maiden Nausicaa ir ready receives us
>With the pudicitia to stay hidden by bushes
>May you, oh queen Athena, look for the consules
>For the tribunes and magistrates...
>...And for the long-time forgotten senatores,
> Singing your blessings on a poor hymn...
>
>
>
> Valete bene in pacem deorum,
> L. Arminius Faustus, senator

--

Vale

Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus

Senator, Censorius et Consularis
Accensus GFBM, Scriba Censoris GEM
Praeses, Triumvir et Praescriptor Academia Thules ad S.R.A. et N.
Editor-in-Chief, Publisher and Owner of "Roman Times Quarterly"
Sodalitas Egressus Beneficarius et Praefectus Provincia Thules
Civis Romanus sum
************************************************
Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
"I'll either find a way or make one"
************************************************
Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness

Q. Valerius Callidus Quirites S.P.D.

I have a humble request.

Please do not announce the opening of the cista before I have opened
it. This is a sacred task, and should not be treated lightly, nor
with haste.

As the text in a state of flux, it would not be wise to open the
cista for voting until what people are voting on is set in stone.
this follow-up with emended text demonstrates that clearly, and I
will not have a repeat of the very same issue which created the
situation in which this plebiscite is deemed necessary.

Once it has been decreed that the text is invariant, then I will
open the cista for perusal and subsequent voting.

Gratias vobis ago.
Valete!

Quintus Valerius Callidus
Magister Aranearius Novae Romae

Salvete Proconsuli et Propraetori,

With the change of year a number of provincial appointments have
disappeared from the website, most likely because the database was set
to consider the appointment effective until 31 Dec 2005.

Please check your provincial listings. If you're missing any of your
legates, scribes, procurators, or whatever, you can log into the census
database using your provincial governor's account and recreate these
appointments.

Provincial governors who've made recent appointments should check to be
sure that they've recorded these appointments in the census database.
If any of you need advice/assistance with this, please send me e-mail
about what needs to be done and I'll help you with it.

Valete,

-- Marinus

Salve Censor Marine,

All is in order in Canada Occidentalis. Thank you!

Regards,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus




--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
<gawne@c...> wrote:

>
> Salvete Proconsuli et Propraetori,
>
> With the change of year a number of provincial appointments have
> disappeared from the website, most likely because the database was

set

> to consider the appointment effective until 31 Dec 2005.
>
> Please check your provincial listings. If you're missing any of

your

> legates, scribes, procurators, or whatever, you can log into the

census

> database using your provincial governor's account and recreate

these

> appointments.
>
> Provincial governors who've made recent appointments should check

to be

> sure that they've recorded these appointments in the census

database.

> If any of you need advice/assistance with this, please send me e-

mail

> about what needs to be done and I'll help you with it.
>
> Valete,
>
> -- Marinus
>

Salve Censor Marine

all is in order in Provincia Hispania

Vale optime

M·CVR·COMPLVTENSIS
PROPRÆTOR·HISPANIÆ
SCRIBA·CENSORIS·GEM
COHORS·CENSORIS·APPROBATIONVM
NOVA·ROMA
http://commentariola.blogspot.com

----- Original Message -----
From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kelly)
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Saturday, January 07, 2006 9:39 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: Attention all Provincial Governors


Salve Censor Marine,

All is in order in Canada Occidentalis. Thank you!

Regards,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus




--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
<gawne@c...> wrote:
>
> Salvete Proconsuli et Propraetori,
>
> With the change of year a number of provincial appointments have
> disappeared from the website, most likely because the database was
set
> to consider the appointment effective until 31 Dec 2005.
>
> Please check your provincial listings. If you're missing any of
your
> legates, scribes, procurators, or whatever, you can log into the
census
> database using your provincial governor's account and recreate
these
> appointments.
>
> Provincial governors who've made recent appointments should check
to be
> sure that they've recorded these appointments in the census
database.
> If any of you need advice/assistance with this, please send me e-
mail
> about what needs to be done and I'll help you with it.
>
> Valete,
>
> -- Marinus
>






SPONSORED LINKS Roman empire Ancient history Fall of the roman empire
The roman empire


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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

SALVE CENSOR EQUITE MARINE !

OK for Dacia. Thank you.

OPTIME VALE,
IVL SABINVS

Gnaeus Equitius Marinus <gawne@...> wrote:
Salvete Proconsuli et Propraetori,

With the change of year a number of provincial appointments have
disappeared from the website, most likely because the database was set
to consider the appointment effective until 31 Dec 2005.

Please check your provincial listings. If you're missing any of your
legates, scribes, procurators, or whatever, you can log into the census
database using your provincial governor's account and recreate these
appointments.

Provincial governors who've made recent appointments should check to be
sure that they've recorded these appointments in the census database.
If any of you need advice/assistance with this, please send me e-mail
about what needs to be done and I'll help you with it.

Valete,

-- Marinus


---------------------------------
YAHOO! GROUPS LINKS


Visit your group "Nova-Roma" on the web.

To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
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---------------------------------







"Every individual is the arhitect of his own fortune" - Appius Claudius





---------------------------------
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Ring in the New Year with Photo Calendars. Add photos, events, holidays, whatever.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

> A. Tullia Scholastica Q. Valerio Callido quiritibusque omnibus S.P.D.
>
> Q. Valerius Callidus Quirites S.P.D.
>
> I have a humble request.
>
> Please do not announce the opening of the cista before I have opened
> it. This is a sacred task, and should not be treated lightly, nor
> with haste.
>
> ATS: Indeed it shouldn¹t, but the only announcement I have seen of the
> opening of the cista sets that for January 16th.
>
> As the text in a state of flux, it would not be wise to open the
> cista for voting until what people are voting on is set in stone.
>
> ATS: We are now in contio, and the texts often change during that period.
> I should also point out that there are some errors of both Latin and English
> in both the original and the revised texts‹and since an ounce of prevention is
> worth a pound of cure, it might be best to let me correct these BEFORE they
> hit the cista; I am scriba-designate to both praetores this year, merely
> awaiting official announcement thereof. For such purposes, I was also scriba
> to the magister aranearius last year.
>
> this follow-up with emended text demonstrates that clearly, and I
> will not have a repeat of the very same issue which created the
> situation in which this plebiscite is deemed necessary.
>
> Once it has been decreed that the text is invariant, then I will
> open the cista for perusal and subsequent voting.
>
> ATS: You won¹t have to do that until the 16th...
>
> Gratias vobis ago.
> Valete!
>
> Quintus Valerius Callidus
> Magister Aranearius Novae Romae
>
> Vale, et ualete,
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

P. Memmius Albucius Vipsanio Moravio omnibusque s.d.

S.V.G.E.R.

First, a minor question : *who* is convening ? Hon. Vipsanius or Hon.
Moravius ? When reading the plebiscitum Moravia draft (in
fact "Moravium"), the text seems giving some importance to "who does
what".

Second and mainly, I understand why you five cives, elected by the
comitia in last december, see fit being officially approved by a
second comitia. I think that it is a wise wish.

However, the "plebiscitum ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum" seems
out of your constitutional powers.

Do not forget, please, Hon. cives, that - and that is precisely why
you are asking the Plebs an official recognition - you are
considering yourselves that you are not officially elected.

So, as you are not, you may not convene the comitia to change our
laws, even your intents are good and the main part of your draft
interesting.

You thus need first to have your election approved by the Plebs in a
first comitia. Then, you have, when dully endorsed as tribuni plebis,
to convoke a second comitia on every legislative items you may wish
to present to the Plebs.

Valete, et omnes.


P. Memmius Albucius


--- In ComitiaPlebisTributa@yahoogroups.com, Marcus Horatius
<mhoratius@s...> wrote:

>
> M Moravius Piscinus Tr. Pl. Quiritibus SPD:
>
> There was apparently a misprint confusing the name of this proposed

plebiscitum and the name of an earlier regulae that it amends,
concerning the Comitia's voting procedures. The plebiscitum should
read as follows:

>
> Plebiscitum Moravia de Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum

(..)

Salve Censor Marinus,

as new appointed Proconsul Provinciae Italiae I didn't receive the
provincial governor's account.

Please, would you provide it to me?

Thank you

Vale
Fr. Apulus Caesar

> Gnaeus Equitius Marinus <gawne@c...> wrote:
> Salvete Proconsuli et Propraetori,
>
> With the change of year a number of provincial appointments have
> disappeared from the website, most likely because the database was

set

> to consider the appointment effective until 31 Dec 2005.
>
> Please check your provincial listings. If you're missing any of

your

> legates, scribes, procurators, or whatever, you can log into the

census

> database using your provincial governor's account and recreate

these

> appointments.
>
> Provincial governors who've made recent appointments should check

to be

> sure that they've recorded these appointments in the census

database.

> If any of you need advice/assistance with this, please send me e-

mail

> about what needs to be done and I'll help you with it.
>
> Valete,
>
> -- Marinus
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> YAHOO! GROUPS LINKS
>
>
> Visit your group "Nova-Roma" on the web.
>
> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
> Nova-Roma-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
>
> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of

Service.

>
>
> ---------------------------------
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> "Every individual is the arhitect of his own fortune" - Appius

Claudius

>
>
>
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> Yahoo! Photos
> Ring in the New Year with Photo Calendars. Add photos, events,

holidays, whatever.

>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

---Pompeia Minucia Strabo Publico Memmico Albucio Quiritibus s.p.d.


In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "P.M. Albucius" <albucius_aoe@h...>
wrote:

>
> P. Memmius Albucius Vipsanio Moravio omnibusque s.d.
>
> S.V.G.E.R.
>
> First, a minor question : *who* is convening ? Hon. Vipsanius or

Hon.

> Moravius ? When reading the plebiscitum Moravia draft (in
> fact "Moravium"), the text seems giving some importance to "who

does

> what".

Pompeia: Assuming that you are looking for opinions Albuci, be they
from Plebians or Patricians as your rationale for posting in this
forum, as opposed to just the Plebian forum, I shall give you mine.

From the manner in which I read things, I see that Vipsanius
Tribune is calling the Comitia Plebis Tributa for members of this
Plebian assembly to affirm their comfort level with results of the
recent Plebian elections. I would imagine that this is due to the
fact that a few deviations from legally mandated procedures adopted
by this comitia were not followed. Also in this comitia call, there
is offered a text proposal titled under the nomen Moravia. It is
not uncommon to have two Plebicites in one comitia call, and there
is no law, nor any passage in the constitution that I can see,
whereby all proposed plebiscites must be named by the particular
Tribune convening a particular comitia call.

>
> Second and mainly, I understand why you five cives, elected by the
> comitia in last december, see fit being officially approved by a
> second comitia. I think that it is a wise wish.

Pompeia: Yes. I think this is a testament to their belief in good
governance, and their sincere wish to honour the desires of the
Plebian people. They are indeed to be commended, in my view.
Constitutionally they are Tribunes, but given that the elections
procedures were not appropriate, they asking for an additional
rubber stamp from the people they serve. Quite honourable, really.

>
> However, the "plebiscitum ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum"

seems

> out of your constitutional powers.
>
> Do not forget, please, Hon. cives, that - and that is precisely

why

> you are asking the Plebs an official recognition - you are
> considering yourselves that you are not officially elected.

Pompeia: Are they asking for recognition as Tribunes, Albuci, or
are they asking the Plebian people if they are satisfied with the
election results as they were done.....to wit, would you like us to
continue further as Tribunes in this term?

You tell me. You are privy to the official explanations and the
perceptions of those on the Comitia Plebis Tributa list, I am not. I
am not ready to assume they are not Tribunes. They are.

Constitutionally a Tribune is defined as one being elected as such
by the Comitia Plebis Tributa (more below) If they were not
Tribunes, they would not be calling the Comitia Plebis Tributa, as
no other magistrate constitutionally is capable. They're pretty
smart, you know :). One is a former Tribune Praetor and Consul, two
have served as Tribunes before, one is a Governor...pretty smart
group, and I'm sure they've read the constitution, and the
appropriate leges Arminiae, and have thusly used their postestas to
weigh all this out, don't you?

The constitution defines a Tribune of the Plebs in IV 7 as "elected
by the Comitia Plebis Tributa". That's the only criteria. This is
our highest ruling document, They were elected by the Plebs, as per
declaration delivered by the Custodes on Jan. 1. That much of the
Plebian election proceedings was realized. There is nothing in the
constitution stating that some special ceremony has to be conducted
before they receive their sacrosainct attribute, their embellished
potestas, unlike those magistrates with imperium who are elected
as 'eligible' to receive imperium, but actually receive their
imperium from the comitia curiata...as declared in the same
constitution.

They are at present Tribunes. And the Tribunes call the Comitia
Plebis Tributa to order. They are not in this situation by the way,
under obligation to call the Comitia Populi Tributa to order as in
III (comitia)C. of the constitution we read that 'while it shall be
called to order by the Tribune of the Plebs, only the Comitia Plebis
Tributa shall pass laws governing the rules by which it shall
operate internally'

>
> So, as you are not, you may not convene the comitia to change our
> laws, even your intents are good and the main part of your draft
> interesting.
>
> You thus need first to have your election approved by the Plebs in

a

> first comitia. Then, you have, when dully endorsed as tribuni

plebis,

> to convoke a second comitia on every legislative items you may

wish

> to present to the Plebs.

Pompeia: No, they do not. Constitutionally I see them as Tribunes.
Badly botched technical election errors, 'oh I didnt intend to
convene just meant to preside, and I elected to wait until the
elections were nearly over to announce such' do not override
evidence presented by the Custodes that they in fact the choice of
the Comitia Plebis Tributa...the definition of a Tribune,
constitutionally. So I can't see your argument that they need to
be 'duly endorsed'....I think they just 'want' to be.

The second Plebiscitum to me looks like a standard for future years
and addresses the need for prevention of a future episode of the
same or similar nature.

Neither you, nor I have potestas, and we cannot call this comitia
nor compel it. But I don't see where you have alot of lawful
backing to contest their actions really, even from an academic
standpoint. As a Consul in particular I would be quite actively
contesting a deviation of the constitution I am sworn to protect and
defend, and I do not see such.


Valete Omnes

>
> Valete, et omnes.
>
>
> P. Memmius Albucius
>
>
> --- In ComitiaPlebisTributa@yahoogroups.com, Marcus Horatius
> <mhoratius@s...> wrote:
> >
> > M Moravius Piscinus Tr. Pl. Quiritibus SPD:
> >
> > There was apparently a misprint confusing the name of this

proposed

> plebiscitum and the name of an earlier regulae that it amends,
> concerning the Comitia's voting procedures. The plebiscitum should
> read as follows:
> >
> > Plebiscitum Moravia de Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum
>
> (..)
>

Pompeia Minucia Tiberia P. Memmico Albucio Quiritibus S.P.D.

I apologize; I didn't get around to furthering discussion to this thread, so I shall continue.

pompeia_minucia_tiberia <pompeia_minucia_tiberia@...> wrote:
--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "P.M. Albucius"
wrote:

P. Memmius Albucius Consuli Pompeiae s.d.

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, you wrote:

(..)
> I am not saying that they cannot issue edicta......I still can't
> find where I wrote that, you know...but the edicta they issue may
> not carry the weight it could or should legally. And so I am
> suggesting that it might be best not to.

Independantly to the precision brought by Censor Marinus, I think,
in
my humble opinion and full respect, that you are confouding potestas
and imperium. Once a magistrate is elected/designated, he/she has
potestas = governement/administrative power. This power authorizes
her/him to make acts, whose form is an edictum. Edicta could be
oral,
but a written support is naturally better as a proof of the act and
for its enforcement.

Pompeia: We can all assume some degree of potestas by virtue of election, save of course that which is reserved for the Tribunes, agreed. Nobody was saying that edictum may not be issued...so, essentially we are in agreement I do believe.

Imperium is about enforcement and primacy. This notion tells us who
may force [enforcement] who [primacy] to act according her/his will.
If we let aside the imperium militiae (war affairs), the imperium
domi (civil affairs)thus speaks to how X may, in case of conflict
with another magistrate or a citizen, force the relevant individual
to obey the cum imperio magistrate's point of view.

Pompeia: I realize this and such is expanded upon in the constitution under III (comitia) A "The comitia curiata'... whose purpose is in part to "invest elected and appinted magistrates with Imperium (which is necessary to emply coercitio (the power to compel obedience to their edicts, interpret and execute law, and possess the honour of being preceded by lictors as a symbol of office)


(..)[snip]

> Let me cite some application: If I, as a newly elected ordinarii,

You may use the feminine singular ("ordinaria", masc. "ordinarius").

Pompeia: with myself being the only female of the ordinarii? I don't feel at liberty to say 'as one of the gals'...'if I as a newly elected ordinarii'. is what I wrote...figured I stay with the masculine....anyway...


> I wanted to renew the edicta of my magisterial predecessor,
(..) [snip]
>Either that or the edictum dies and I redo another one,
> even if it is the existing one...I am obligated to renew it.
>
> In either case, I would wait until I had the same 'degree' of
> authority as my predecessor....to wit, I would wait for my
imperium.
> In all likelihood, my predecessor's edictum was issued as an
> imperium bearing magistrate....if I didn't have imperium just yet,
> merely potestas, and knowing that imperium bears the greater legal
> weight, how can I justify either adopting or nullifying the
edictum
> of one with a greater weight of power,

I see your point.

Pompeia: I believe this mindset of mine is augmented by the constitution, as I will detail below.

But I think that we must not forget the following
subtility. The imperium does not concern the form of the act
(edictum), but the magistrate her/him-self. So, you may issue an
edict, even nullifying a previous (other magistrate's one)from the
moment you enter in office and if you are authorized to do that by
the constitution first and second by the current laws. As long as
any
(new possible) legal disposition does not say "Consuls (or X) must
wait for getting the imperium", the application of ancient notion of
imperium/potestas allows you to act like that.

Pompeia: But I can't dismiss our current constitution. So, in dealing with the ordinarii, I hesitate to assume they inately have imperium upon election. I would assume this if the passages regarding the role of the Comitia Curiata were absent from the constitutional documentation.. Mind you the Comitia Curiata may not deny imperium by the wishes of the people, but they formally convey imperium, and this is in the same constitution upon which states that most of us may issue edictum..yes, this is true, but the comitia curiata religiously and formally confers imperium, which is a the power to compel. We must not forget that the essence of Roman law was such that it was not divorced from religious components. This is an important element of antiqua too... The members of this comitia are appointed by the Pontifex Maximus in antiqua. None of us knows the full legislative agenda of the entire span of Roman existance with respect, so we must be careful to weigh this out, and dismiss
notions that the Romans 'always did this' or 'always did that'.

Barring all emergencies, I would wait for the Comitia Curiata voice...and issue edictum after receiving my imperium, as opposed to just doing it with postestas, as our laws read in Nova Roma as I write.

So, let us now suppose that a conflict occurs between you and X,
another magistrate. [Note that your consular will may not be
absolutely expressed through an edictum. From the moment your will
is
clearly expressed, it works.]Let us say you issue an edict today,
before the coming lex de imperio is voted, published and come in
force.
You will just have to wait for this publishing if you want to impose
your will to X. But the validity of your edict(-um)is full from its
issue.

Pompeia: I may issue an edict yes, but prior to receiving imperium, I may not issue an edict to impose lawful directive over someone of lesser authority, Indeed. Frankly, I am not sure where I've indicated otherwise.


> The lex Arminia Equitia of 2004 discussed earlier today, (..)
> And this law, being the more recent one, has some impact on the
>interpretation of the Lex Arminia de Ratione Edicta, the least
>recent....and of course the constitutional language.

As long as we keep a constitution, its wording and interpretation is
not subject to modifications by new laws (here Arminia Equitia). We
could issue 10 new leges saying the opposite, the constitution would
prevail on them.

Pompeia: I realize this....our leges 'pursue' the constitution, not vice versa. But the hierarchy of power and laws is rotely discussed in the constitution, and regulates dispute in certain areas Albuci...please see I (Constitutional Basis) B (Legal Precedence).

In part it reads "Should a lower authority conflict with a higher authority, the higher authority shall take precedence."... (I take this to include the distinction of an edictum issued with Imperium and potestas, vs, potestas alone)...and in part.... " Should a law passed by one of the comitia contradict one passed by another or the same comitia without explicitly superceding that law, the most recent law shall take precedence."

So the constitution addresses realms of authority, not just our leges...they merely define and pursue constitutional language.

Valete Omnes



(..) [snip]


Vale, Consul.


P. Memmius Albucius




>
> In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "P.M. Albucius"
> wrote:
> >
> > P. Memmius Albucius Catoni Cordo Consuli Straboni s.d.
> >
> > Potestas and imperium are 2 different things, and Cordus have
very
> > well resumed all the question. Please see his post above.
> >
> > Aedilis Cato has wisely concluded the point : let us all apply
the
> > constitution. Simply. So any magistrate may issue edicta from
this
> > 1st Ian. 2759 auc, as provincial governors may.
> >
> > Valete omnes,
> >
> > P. Memmius Albucius
> >
> >
> > --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "gaiusequitiuscato"
>
> > wrote:
> >
> > (..)
> > > Pompeia Strabo, you wrote:
> > >
> > > "You are correct in that they can issue edictum and they do
have
> > some
> > > power with their potestas alone, but their edicta as such is
> like a
> > > half-empty gas tank."
> > >
> > > Consul, you have overlooked the very simple language of the
lex
> > Armina
> > > Equitia de Imperio:
> > >
> > > "Ius edicendi, the power to issue edicts and nominate
scribes."
> (lex
> > > Armina &c. I.B)
> > >
> > > (..) in fact, the lex
> > > constitutiva (the highest legal authority we have, and which
> > > supersedes any and all other leges) itself gives curule
aediles
> the
> > right
> > >
> > > "To appoint scribae (clerks) to assist with administrative and
> other
> > > tasks, as they shall see fit." (Constitution of Nova Roma
IV.5.c)
> > >
> > > So, I have pronounced an edict in accordance with both the law
> and
> > the
> > > Constitution "as [I] saw fit". There is no legal question of
its
> > > authority or weight; it does not "veer" anywhere, nor does
> > it "impose"
> > > anything on anyone other than what the law defines as legal and
> > > appropriate.
> >
>

--- End forwarded message ---









---------------------------------
Yahoo! DSL Something to write home about. Just $16.99/mo. or less

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

M. Hortensia Consul P. Strabone spd;
Eheu Po; isn't it wonderful how this past tribune Albucius,
who started the entire mess & disappeared during the attempt to clean
it up with no apology whatsoever, is now a critic? The sheer irony..
bene vale
M. Hortensia Maior

Salve Censor Marine,

the listing is OK for Gallia except for the website. It should be:

http://www.fr-novaroma.com

Thank you.

Vale,

Scipio

--- FAC <fraelov@...> wrote:

> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> From: "FAC" <fraelov@...>
> Date: Sun, 08 Jan 2006 02:26:47 -0000
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: Attention all Provincial Governors
>
> Salve Censor Marinus,
>
> as new appointed Proconsul Provinciae Italiae I didn't receive the
> provincial governor's account.
>
> Please, would you provide it to me?
>
> Thank you
>
> Vale
> Fr. Apulus Caesar
>
>
> > Gnaeus Equitius Marinus <gawne@c...> wrote:
> > Salvete Proconsuli et Propraetori,
> >
> > With the change of year a number of provincial appointments have
> > disappeared from the website, most likely because the database was
> set
> > to consider the appointment effective until 31 Dec 2005.
> >
> > Please check your provincial listings. If you're missing any of
> your
> > legates, scribes, procurators, or whatever, you can log into the
> census
> > database using your provincial governor's account and recreate
> these
> > appointments.
> >
> > Provincial governors who've made recent appointments should check
> to be
> > sure that they've recorded these appointments in the census
> database.
> > If any of you need advice/assistance with this, please send me e-
> mail
> > about what needs to be done and I'll help you with it.
> >
> > Valete,
> >
> > -- Marinus
> >
> >
> > ---------------------------------
> > YAHOO! GROUPS LINKS
> >
> >
> > Visit your group "Nova-Roma" on the web.
> >
> > To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
> > Nova-Roma-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
> >
> > Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of
> Service.
> >
> >
> > ---------------------------------
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > "Every individual is the arhitect of his own fortune" - Appius
> Claudius
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > ---------------------------------
> > Yahoo! Photos
> > Ring in the New Year with Photo Calendars. Add photos, events,
> holidays, whatever.
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>
>
>

__________________________________________
Yahoo! DSL – Something to write home about.
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C. Equitius Cato P. Minuciae Straboni quiritibusque S.P.D.

Salve et salvete.

Consul, you wrote:

"It is not uncommon to have two Plebicites in one comitia call, and
there is no law, nor any passage in the constitution that I can see,
whereby all proposed plebiscites must be named by the particular
Tribune convening a particular comitia call."

The LEX MORAVIA DE SVFFRAGIIS IN COMITIIS PLEBIS TRIBVTIS ET RATIONE
COMITIORVM PLEBIS TRIBVTORVM reads:

"The full text of any plebiscite(s) which will be voted on (when the
Comitia Plebis Tributa is being called to vote on legislation)." (lex
Moravia &c., IV.3)

So the law does indeed require every single plebiscite to be fully
disclosed when the call is made.

Vale et valete,

Cato

A. Apollonius omnibus sal.

The proposed lex Moravia (plebiscitum Moravium)
contains five changes to current law. These are:

1. It requires that the entire electoral process
should be handled by the same tribune from start to
finish except where it isn't;

2. It gives specific dates within which the annual
plebejan elections must occur;

3. It prohibits legislation during the election;

4. It requires magistrates of the plebs to be
consecrated after their election;

5. It moves the beginning of the term of office of
magistrates of the plebs from the 1st of January to
the 10th of December.

Points 3, 4, and 5 are perfectly sensible and
historical. But points 1 and 2 are both unnecessary
and unhelpful.

I realize that the tribunes must feel under a lot of
pressure to do something to make sure last year's
electoral fiasco isn't repeated, and no doubt many of
us are keen to have something done about it. But we
should be very careful not to vote for hasty
legislation which makes us feel like something's being
done but which in fact doesn't add anything.

The proposed article V.A reads:

"The Tribuni Plebis shall decide amongst themselves
which of them shall conduct the regular annual
election of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis. The
Tribunus Plebis conducting the election is responsible
for arranging for the vote as described in Section VI,
calling for candidates, calling for the contio,
calling for the Comitia to vote, receiving the results
of the vote from the Custodes, and announcing the
results to the Comitia Plebis Tributa, to the Senate,
on the Nova Roma Announcement Boards, and on other
Nova Roma fora. Once the Tribunus Plebis has called
for a contio and announced the dates on which the
Comitia is to vote, the election may be continued and
its results held legal, even if the Tribunus Plebis
conducting the election is prevented from fulfilling
all of his or her other obligations under this
subsection."

The first two sentences basically say that the entire
electoral process, from beginning to end, should be
conducted by the same tribune. This may seem like a
sensible idea, and indeed often it is a sensible idea.
But it is highly undesirable to make it compulsory. It
is unhistorical: in antiquity it was perfectly
possible for one tribune to announce the date of the
election, another to hold a contio, a third to hold
another contio, a fourth to preside over the election
itself. This flexibility is very valuable. It means
that if one tribune begins the electoral process and
then for some reason has to bow out, another tribune
can step in and take over. This is only common sense.
It is pointless to remove this flexibility.

Moreover, removing this flexibility doesn't even
address the problem of last year's election. Last year
the tribune who started the process, P. Memmius, fully
intended to carry it through to its conclusion. But
later, for very good reasons, he felt that it would be
improper for him to continue, so he quite properly
surrender the management of the election. That's what
this proposal tries to prevent, but that wasn't the
problem - in fact it was exactly the right thing to
do. The problem was that none of his colleagues took
over, and this proposal does nothing to address that
problem.

Apparently M. Moravius recognizes that it is not a
good idea to stop one tribune handing over the
electoral process to another, because he then adds as
third sentence which totally contradicts the first
two. It says that as long as the process has been
properly *started* by a tribune, then it can rumble on
without further supervision. But this itself has two
problems. First, it makes the rest of the paragraph
totally redundant. Second, it goes too far in the
other direction. Not only does it allow any other
tribune to take over the electoral process, but it
actually allows the process to continue without anyone
at all taking it over. It excuses the tribunes from
any responsibility to formally convene the assembly,
to coordinate with the webmaster and the
vote-counters, or to announce the results. This is
frankly bizarre, since the main problem with last
year's election was that the tribunes didn't do these
things. How is that problem going to be solved by
excusing the tribunes from doing the things which they
last year failed to do? The entire paragraph is
self-contradictory and in no way prevents last year's
fiasco from happening again.

At first sight the provision of specific dates for the
annual election is more reasonable. But again it is
just unhelpful tinkering, designed to make it look as
though something is being done without actually doing
anything. It's true that the elections last year were
held too late. But *why* were they held too late? Is
it because last year's tribunes were so stupid that
they didn't realize the process should be started
earlier? Of course not. It was because, first of all,
the untimely resignation of Q. Cassius as webmaster
had created an administrative back-log which made it
virtually impossible to hold the elections any
earlier. It was because, secondly, the tribunes
followed the custom of allowing the consules to set
the date of the elections, and the consules set it
rather late. It was because, thirdly, when the time
came to actually choose a date for the election there
was no tribune in charge of choosing it, because P.
Memmius had already stood aside and none of his
colleagues had taken up the slack. Would any of these
things have been different if M. Moravius' proposed
rules had been in place? No.

Nova Roma has tried setting specific dates for the
annual elections before. It didn't work then, and such
rules were very wisely removed from the lex
constitutiva and the leges. There were no such rules
in antiquity. The only rule was, and is, that the
election should be held in time. And indeed the
problem with the plebejan election last year wasn't
that it was held too late: it's that it wasn't held at
all. If, however, it had been properly convened, there
would have been no problem of time. And why set a
limit to how *early* the election can be held? Why not
allow the tribunes to hold the election in September
or October? Setting dates in law is not going to help.
The Romans didn't do it. We tried it, it didn't work,
and now we don't do it either. It would not have
solved the problem of last year's election. It will
not solve problems in the future. It will only create
them.

Plebeji, there is much that is good in this proposal,
but there are also two hefty paragraphs which will do
no good at all and will probably do harm. None of us
wants last year's shambles repeated, but these rules
will not stop that happening, and we should not let
our desire to do something push us to doing the wrong
thing.

Plebs Romana, I urge you to vote NO to the plebiscitum Moravium.



___________________________________________________________
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OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem VI Idus Ianuarius; haec dies comitialis est.

"But there was another division again of the men only, which assigned
kindly services and honours in accordance with merit, of which I am
now going to give an account. He distinguished those who were eminent
for their birth, approved for their virtue and wealthy for those
times, provided they already had children, from the obscure, the lowly
and the poor. Those of the lower rank he called "plebeians" (the Greek
would call them demotikoi or "men of the people"), and those of the
higher rank "fathers," either because they had children or from their
distinguished birth or for all these reasons. One may suspect that he
found his model in the system of government which at that time still
prevailed at Athens. For the Athenians had divided their population
into two parts, the eupatridai or "well-born," as they called those
who were of the noble families and powerful by reason of their wealth,
to whom the government of the city was committed, and the agroikoi or
"husbandmen," consisting of the rest of the citizens, who had no voice
in public affairs, though in the course of time these, also, were
admitted to the offices. Those who give the most probable account of
the Roman government say it was for the reasons I have given that
those men were called "fathers" and their posterity "patricians"; but
others, considering the matter in the light of their own envy and
desirous of casting reproach on the city for the ignoble birth of its
founders, say they were not called patricians for the reasons just
cited, but because these men only could point out their fathers — as
if all the rest were fugitives and unable to name free men as their
fathers. As proof of this style cite the fact that, whenever the
kings thought proper to assemble the patricians, the heralds called
them both by their own names and by the names of their fathers,
whereas public servants summoned the plebeians en masse to the
assemblies by the sound of ox horns. But in reality neither the
calling of the patricians by the heralds is any proof of their
nobility nor is the sound of the horn any mark of the obscurity of the
plebeians; but the former was an indication of honour and the latter
of expedition, since it was not possible in a short to call every one
of the multitude by name.

After Romulus had distinguished those of superior rank from their
inferiors, he next established laws by which the duties of each were
prescribed. The patricians were to be priests, magistrates and judges,
and were to assist him in the management of public affairs, devoting
themselves to the business of the city. The plebeians were excused
from these duties, as being unacquainted with them and because of
their small means wanting leisure to attend to them, but were to apply
themselves to agriculture, the breeding of cattle and the exercise of
gainful trades. This was to prevent them from engaging in seditions,
as happens in other cities when either the magistrates mistreat the
lowly, or the common people and the needy envy those in authority. He
placed the plebeians as a trust in the hands of the patricians, by
allowing every plebeian to choose for his patron any patrician whom he
himself wished. In this he improved upon an ancient Greek custom that
was in use among the Thessalians for a long time and among the
Athenians in the beginning. For the former treated their client with
haughtiness, imposing on them duties unbecoming to free men; and
whenever they disobeyed any of their commands, they beat them and
misused them in all other respects as if had been slaves they had
purchased. The Athenians called their clients thetes or "hirelings,"
because they served for hire, and the Thessalians called theirs
penestai or "toilers," by the very name reproaching them with their
condition. But Romulus not only recommended the relationship by a
handsome designation, calling this protection of the poor and lowly a
"patronage," but he also assigned friendly offices to both parties,
thus making the connexion between them a bond of kindness befitting
fellow citizens." - Dionysius of Halicarnassus, "Roman Antiquities" II.8-9


"O Phales, comrade revel-roaming
Of Bacchus, wanderer of the gloaming,
Of wives and boys the naughty lover,
Here in my home I gladly greet Ye,
The worst of winter nearly over,
And press You with my bold entreaty.

Far happier 'tis to me and sweeter,
O Phales, Phales, some soft glade in,
To woo the saucy, arch, deceiving,
Young Thratty, buxom country maiden,
As from my woodland fells I meet her,
Descending with my kindling laden,
And catch her up and I'll entreat her,
And make her pay the fine for thieving.

O Phales, Phales, come and sup,
And in the morn, to brace you up,
Of joy you'll quaff a jovial cup." - Aristophanes, "Acharnians"
ll.263-78 (tr. B. B. Rogers)

In ancient Greece today was celebrated as the Lesser (or "Rural")
Dionysia, in honor of Dionysis, the god of reverly and wine. He seems
to be a god who has two distinct personae: he was the god of wine,
agriculture and the fertility of Nature; patron god of the Greek
stage, of poetry, song, festivities and parties; promoter of
civilisation; a lawgiver and lover of peace. However, he also
represented the primary features of mystery religions, such as those
practised at Eleusis: ecstasy, transcendence from the mundane world
through physical or spiritual intoxication, as well as initiation into
secret rites. The Lesser Dionysia were celebrated in the month of
Poseidon. This the most ancient festival of all, when even slaves
enjoyed full freedom. There were dramatic contests; Aristotle claimed
(Poet. 1449a) that comedy was born in the Rural Dionysia. The peasants
would assail the bystanders as they rode by in wagons. According to
Plutarch (3.527D), there was a procession of the carriers of a jar of
wine and a vine, with someone leading a he-goat, followed by the
Kanephoros (Basket-bearer) who carried a basket of raisins. Then came
the carriers of an erect, wooden phallus-pole, decorated with ivy and
fillets, and finally the singer of the Phallikon (Phallic Song), which
was addressed to "Phales".

Valete bene!

Cato




SOURCES

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Lesser Dionysia
(http://www.cs.utk.edu/~mclennan/BA/JO-RD.html) and
(http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-dgra/0418.html) and
(http://www.wilsonsalmanac.com)

A. Apollonius C. Equitio omnibusque sal.

Scripsit Pompeja Minucia:

> "It is not uncommon to have two Plebicites in one
> comitia call, and
> there is no law, nor any passage in the constitution
> that I can see,
> whereby all proposed plebiscites must be named by
> the particular
> Tribune convening a particular comitia call."

Scripsisti amice:

> ... the law does indeed require every single
> plebiscite to be fully
> disclosed when the call is made.

Very true, but I think the consul meant to say "there
is no law... whereby all proposed plebiscites must be
named AFTER the particular Tribune...". Which is also
true. :)



___________________________________________________________
To help you stay safe and secure online, we've developed the all new Yahoo! Security Centre. http://uk.security.yahoo.com

---Salve Equitius Cato Curulis Aedilis et Salvete Omnes:

Ideally, what I *should* have stated is that the plebiscites in a
given comitia call do not all have to be named *after* the convening
magistrate, not *by* the convening magistrate... something like
that :)....

But really, the additional, abutting statements I made in response
to P. Memmicus Albucius' queries last night (conveniently not
included by Cato) will likely clarify perceived ambiguities. I was
talking about the notion of one of the Plebsicites having a
different nomen than that of the convening magistrate...

.... I was hardly discussing the idea that proposed Plebiscites
should and can be kept secret from those voting for them. Really.
Ahh,...why would I discuss and suggest a Comitia Call with
clandestine elements openly, in front of a thousand or so people?

No worries. I truly believe the vast majority of readers on this
list will be able to glue this together Equitius Cato. .... but
thank you, nonetheless, and I'll be more careful in future with my
selection and application of participles, for sure. I am sorry to
have confused you.



Valete bene
Pompeia Minucia Strabo





In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "gaiusequitiuscato" <mlcinnyc@g...>
wrote:

>
> C. Equitius Cato P. Minuciae Straboni quiritibusque S.P.D.
>
> Salve et salvete.
>
> Consul, you wrote:
>
> "It is not uncommon to have two Plebicites in one comitia call, and
> there is no law, nor any passage in the constitution that I can

see,

> whereby all proposed plebiscites must be named by the particular
> Tribune convening a particular comitia call."
>
> The LEX MORAVIA DE SVFFRAGIIS IN COMITIIS PLEBIS TRIBVTIS ET

RATIONE

> COMITIORVM PLEBIS TRIBVTORVM reads:
>
> "The full text of any plebiscite(s) which will be voted on (when

the

> Comitia Plebis Tributa is being called to vote on legislation)."

(lex

> Moravia &c., IV.3)
>
> So the law does indeed require every single plebiscite to be fully
> disclosed when the call is made.
>
> Vale et valete,
>
> Cato
>

C. Equitius Cato P. Minuciae Straboni quiritibusque S.P.D.

Salve et salvete.

No confusion, consul, just a desire to see English used properly ---
especially when it comes to the law.

Now consul, I'm going to say this publicly and directly because I do
not know how else it will make an impact on you --- referring to it
obliquely has obviously done nothing.

Your tone with me has been invariably short, and there is a constant
undercurrent ("conveniently not quoted by Cato", &c.) of antagonism.
We will be working together, consul, for an entire year. We are both
magistrates, and are called upon to set some kind of an example. I
spoke a week or so ago about not taking disagreements personally and
thus creating an atmosphere of hostility, and you and I are a prime
example of the resultant quasi-hostility when one *does* take
disagreements personally.

I have disagreed with you in the past; I will disagree with you in the
future, if I think you are incorrect about something. I encourage you
to do the same. But I ask you to reconsider your antagonistic
approach to me; consider well why I might be saying what I am saying,
and if I am not speaking about you personally do not take it
personally, even when you are disagreeing with me. I am tired of the
constant little asides and off-the-cuff derogations. If you continue
in this pattern, I will simply have to ignore you --- and as you are a
consul, that will make both my job as curule aedile and yours as
consul just all that more stressful.

So, let's just start all over again, a new year, a whole lot of work
ahead of us, and little time for sniping. Yes?

Vale et valete,

Cato

Salve!

>
> Salve Censor Marine,
>
> the listing is OK for Gallia except for the website. It should be:
>
> http://www.fr-novaroma.com

Nunc facta est.

Vale,
Q. Valerius Callidus

--- Salve Equitius Cato et Salvete Omnes:

Interesting....do as I say and not as I do..is this what I'm
reading between the lines from you?


You like your English proper, Equitius Cato and unfortunately as
human beings we make grammatical errors. Even you I'm sure. I have
looked at what I wrote, the sentence you focus on, and you didn't
ask ahead for clarification regarding what I meant, and why not,if
teamwork, nonantagonistic environments, and politeness were of any
concern to you?

Nah, ..... instead, you chose to take one sentence out of my post,
and promote what you 'thought' I meant, an assigned meaning which
might be argued as being obviously incontextual with the entire
theme of atleast the paragraph from which you extracted it.

No, Equitius Cato, this is your typical modus operandi,
demonstrated repeatedly in this forum, and one could question
your 'politeness' as well. You do this time and time again, and so
when I say that you conveniently leave things out, you do, and they
are by their absence placating convenience on your behalf. I've said
this before, and you continue to do it. Why do you get so upset
when I call you on it yet again, today? You open new threads and
leave content behind which was integral to the intitial discussion.
You do. This Consul of apparent quasiantagonistic and poor
teamplaying, impolite quality is merely telling what she sees from
you repeatedly. And that maybe I don't think this is exactly nice
either.

I have plenty to do, yes. And one of my jobs is to ensure good
government. There are alot of questions regarding the situation in
the Plebian Assembly right now, and I lent my opinion, after a
careful examination of the constitution and the laws of the
Tabularium, given the weightedness of the situation, and concern for
the Plebians.

As far as criticism from you this is more often received by me
than not. I am rather used to it. But if you cannot in turn handle
criticism of your own actions, Equitius Cato, please do not dish
them out.


Everyone can perceive criticism as a quasi-hostility and an
overabundance of antagonism, whatever. But these are subjective in
themselves and the only way I can help you with your feelings is to
promise never to post again in this forum, and I don't think that
can or will happen.



And there is no need for anyone to come out and tell us to refrain
from this discussion, or to protect Equitius Cato from further
accountability or criticisms from this miserable girl :), whatever.
I am finished with this discussion. Thanks.


Valete Omnes

Pompeia


In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "gaiusequitiuscato" <mlcinnyc@g...>
wrote:

>
> C. Equitius Cato P. Minuciae Straboni quiritibusque S.P.D.
>
> Salve et salvete.
>
> No confusion, consul, just a desire to see English used properly --

-

> especially when it comes to the law.
>
> Now consul, I'm going to say this publicly and directly because I

do

> not know how else it will make an impact on you --- referring to it
> obliquely has obviously done nothing.
>
> Your tone with me has been invariably short, and there is a

constant

> undercurrent ("conveniently not quoted by Cato", &c.) of

antagonism.

> We will be working together, consul, for an entire year. We are

both

> magistrates, and are called upon to set some kind of an example. I
> spoke a week or so ago about not taking disagreements personally

and

> thus creating an atmosphere of hostility, and you and I are a prime
> example of the resultant quasi-hostility when one *does* take
> disagreements personally.
>
> I have disagreed with you in the past; I will disagree with you in

the

> future, if I think you are incorrect about something. I encourage

you

> to do the same. But I ask you to reconsider your antagonistic
> approach to me; consider well why I might be saying what I am

saying,

> and if I am not speaking about you personally do not take it
> personally, even when you are disagreeing with me. I am tired of

the

> constant little asides and off-the-cuff derogations. If you

continue

> in this pattern, I will simply have to ignore you --- and as you

are a

> consul, that will make both my job as curule aedile and yours as
> consul just all that more stressful.
>
> So, let's just start all over again, a new year, a whole lot of

work

> ahead of us, and little time for sniping. Yes?
>
> Vale et valete,
>
> Cato
>

C. Equitius Cato P. Minuciae Straboni quiritibusque S.P.D.

Salve et salvete.

I'll take that as a "no".

Vale et valete,

Cato

Salve Tribune Moravius,

> There was apparently a misprint confusing the name of this proposed
> plebiscitum and the name of an earlier amended Lex Moravia to which
> the plebiscitum refers, concerning the Comitia's voting procedures.

And easy misprint to occur since so many citizens of Gens Moravia have been Tribunes :-)

since a few citizens are offering opinions, here"s mine:
I find both plebiscites (excuse my non-Latin) to be good ones.

To Albucius:

I said to someone offlist about a week ago that to make the CPT election totally official, the
Tribunes would have to write a plebiscite and have the Plebeians vote on it. I'm glad that I was not
the only one thinking this. The ability to make clear that this year's Tribunes and Plebeians
Aediles are legal is well within the CPT powers under III.C "The Comitia Plebis Tributa (Assembly of
the Plebeians) shall be made up of all non-patrician citizens, grouped into their respective tribes.
While it shall be called to order by a tribune of the plebs, only the comitia plebis tributa shall
pass laws governing the rules by which it shall operate internally. "

So basically, since this is a CPT 'problem', the CPT are well within their rights to fix it.

Vale,
Diana

Ex Officio Tiberius Galerius Paulinus Praetor

Praetorian Edict II

I. According to Article IV section A. subsection 3e of the
Constitution of Nova Roma, the Praetors have the powers to appoint
scribae (clerks) to assist with administrative and other tasks, as
they shall see fit.

II Under the Lex Octavia de Sermone the Praetors are given the
responsibility and authority to govern the fora of Nova Roma
accordingly:

III. Senator Decius Iunius Palladius Invictus Honorable Consul and
two time Praetor of Nova Roma is hereby appointed to serve as a
Scriba and will act as the Chief of Staff and second in command of
the Praetorium Ti. Galeri Paulini . He will also serve as a
moderator of the fora of Nova Roma.

IV. Quaestor Titus Marcius Felix will serve as a moderator of the
fora of Nova Roma along with other duties as assigned.

V. Aulus Apollonius Cordus is appointed Scriba and will serve as
a moderator of the fora of Nova Roma along with other duties as
assigned.

VI . Gaius Marius Aquilius is appointed Scriba and will serve as a
moderator of the fora of Nova Roma along with other duties as
assigned.

This edict is effective immediately.

Given this the 8th day of January 2759 a.u.c (2006 C.E.) at 10:30 pm
Roman time

In the consulship of Gaius Fabius Buteo Modianus and Pompeia Minucia
Tiberia

Salvete omnes,

I shall be moving to another drilling location tomorrow so my internet
communication shall be down until sometime late Tuesday or Wednesday.
A few citizens have my cell if I need to be reached.


Regards,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus

CN·SALVIVS·ASTVR·S·P·D

Ego, Cn. Salvius Astur (Rodrigo Alvarez), hac re ipsa decus
Novae Romae me defensurum, et semper pro populo senatuque Novae
Romae acturum esse solemniter iuro.

Ego, Cn. Salvius Astur (Rodrigo Alvarez) officio Tribuni Plebis Novae
Romae accepto, Deos Deasque Romae in omnibus meae vitae
publicae temporibus culturum, et virtutes Romanas publica privataque
vita me persecuturum esse iuro.

Ego, Cn. Salvius Astur (Rodrigo Alvarez), Religioni Romanae
me fauturum et eam defensurum, et numquam contra eius statum
publicum me acturum esse, ne quid detrimenti capiat iuro.

Ego, Cn. Salvius Astur (Rodrigo Alvarez) officiis muneris
Tribuni Plebis me quam optime functurum esse praeterea iuro.

Meo civis Novae Romae honore, coram deis deabusque populi, Romani,
et voluntate favoreque eorum, ego munus Tribuni Plebis una cum
iuriubus, privilegiis, muneribus et officiis comitantibus accipio.

Dabat a.d. V Id. Jan., anno MMDCLVIIII ab Urbe condita.

=====

I, Cn. Salvius Astur (Rodrigo Alvarez), do solemnly swear to uphold
the honour of Nova Roma and to act always in the best interests of the
people and senate of Nova Roma.

As a magistrate of Nova Roma, I, Cn. Salvius Astur (Rodrigo Alvarez),
swear to honour the Gods and Goddesses of Rome in my public dealings
and to pursue the Roman Virtues in my public and private life.

I, Cn. Salvius Astur (Rodrigo Alvarez), swear to uphold and defend the
Religio Romana as the State Religion of Nova Roma and swear never to
act in a way that would threaten its status as the State Religion.

I, Cn. Salvius Astur (Rodrigo Alvarez), swear to protect and defend
the constitution of Nova Roma.

I, Cn. Salvius Astur (Rodrigo Alvarez), further swear to fulfill the
obligations and responsibilities of the office of Tribunus Plebis to
the best of my abilities.

On my honour as a citizen of Nova Roma and in the presence of the Gods
and Goddesses of the Roman people and by their will and favor, do I
accept the position of Tribunus Plebis and all the rights, privileges,
obligations and responsibilities attendant her to.

Given five days before the Idus of Januarius, MMDCCLVIIII years after
the foundation of the City.

S·V·B·E·E·V

CN·SALVIVS·T·F·A·NEP·OVF·ASTVR·SCRIPSIT

Provincia Brasilia

OK

Valete
C.ARMINIVS.RECCANELLVS
======================
PROPRAETOR.PROVINCIAE.BRASILIAE
QUAESTOR.NOVAE.ROMAE
"Quousque tandem, Lula, abutere patientia nostra?"

----- Original Message -----
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com ; NovaRoma-Announce@yahoogroups.com ; NovaRoma-Provinciae@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Saturday, January 07, 2006 6:01 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Attention all Provincial Governors


Salvete Proconsuli et Propraetori,

With the change of year a number of provincial appointments have
disappeared from the website, most likely because the database was set
to consider the appointment effective until 31 Dec 2005.

Please check your provincial listings. If you're missing any of your
legates, scribes, procurators, or whatever, you can log into the census
database using your provincial governor's account and recreate these
appointments.

Provincial governors who've made recent appointments should check to be
sure that they've recorded these appointments in the census database.
If any of you need advice/assistance with this, please send me e-mail
about what needs to be done and I'll help you with it.

Valete,

-- Marinus



Yahoo! Groups Links







[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem V Idus Ianuarius; haec dies nefastus publicus est.


"As soon as Romulus had regulated these matters he determined to
appoint senators to assist him in administering the public business,
and to this end he chose a hundred men from among the patricians,
selecting them in the following manner. He himself appointed one, the
best out of their whole number, to whom he thought fit to entrust the
government of the city whenever he himself should lead the army beyond
the borders. He next ordered each of the tribes to choose three men
who were then at the age of greatest prudence and were distinguished
by their birth. After these nine were chosen he ordered each curia
likewise to name three patricians who were the most worthy. Then
adding to the first nine, who had been named by the tribes, the ninety
who were chosen by the curiae, and appointing as their head the man he
himself had first selected, he completed the number of a hundred
senators. The name of this council may be expressed in Greek by
gerousia or "council of elders," and it is called by the Romans to
this day; but whether it received its name from the advanced age of
the men who were appointed to it or from their merit, I cannot say for
certain. For the ancients used to call the older men and those of
greatest merit gerontes or "elders." The members of the senate were
called Conscript Fathers, and they retained that name down to my time.
This council, also, was a Greek institution. At any rate, the Greek
kings, both those who inherited the realms of their ancestors and
those who were elected by the people themselves to be their rulers,
had a council composed of the best men, as both Homer and the most
ancient of the poets testify; and the authority of the ancient kings
was not arbitrary and absolute as it is in our days.

After Romulus had also instituted the senatorial body, consisting of
the hundred men, he perceived, we may suppose, that he would also
require a body of young men whose services he could use both for the
guarding of his person and for urgent business, and accordingly he
chose three hundred men, the most robust of body and from the most
illustrious families, whom the curiae named in the same manner that
they had named the senators, each curia choosing ten young men; and
these he kept always about his person. They were all called by one
common name, celeres; according to most writers this was because of
the "celerity" required in the services they were to perform (for
those who are ready and quick at their tasks the Romans call celeres),
but Valerius Antias says that they were thus named after their
commander. For among them, also, the most distinguished man was their
commander; under him were three centurions, and under these in turn
were others who held the inferior commands. In the city these celeres
constantly attended Romulus, armed with spears, and executed his
orders; and on campaigns they charged before him and defended his
person. And as a rule it was they who gave a favourable issue to the
contest, as they were the first to engage in battle and the last of
all to desist. They fought on horseback where there was level ground
favourable for cavalry manoeuvres, and on foot where it was rough and
inconvenient for horses. This custom Romulus borrowed, I believe,
from the Lacedaemonians, having learned that among them, also, three
hundred of the noblest youths attended the kings as their guards and
also as their defenders in war, fighting both on horseback and on
foot." - Dionysius of Halicarnassus, "Roman Antiquities" 2.12-13


"Quattuor adde dies ductos ex ordine Nonis,
Ianus Agonali luce piandus erit.
nominis esse potest succinctus causa minister,
hostia caelitibus quo feriente cadit,
qui calido strictos tincturus sanguine cultros
semper agatne rogat nec nisi iussus agit.
pars, quia non veniant pecudes, sed agantur, ab actu
nomen Agonalem credit habere diem.
pars putat hoc festum priscis Agnalia dictum,
una sit ut proprio littera dempta loco.
an, quia praevisos in aqua timet hostia cultros,
a pecoris lux est ipsa notata metu?
fas etiam fieri solitis aetate priorum
nomina de ludis Graeca tulisse diem.
et pecus antiquus dicebat agonia sermo;
veraque iudicio est ultima causa meo.
utque ea non certa est, ita rex placare sacrorum
numina lanigerae coniuge debet ovis." - Ovid, Fasti i.318-333

"Ad naturale discrimen civilia vocabula dierum accesserunt. Dicam
prius qui deorum causa, tum qui hominum sunt instituti. Dies Agonales
per quos rex in Regia arietem immolat, dicti ab "agon," eo quod
interrogat minister sacrificii "agone?": nisi si a Graeca lingua, ubi
agon princeps, ab eo quod immolatur a principe civitatis et princeps
gregis immolatur." - Varro, de Lingua Latina VI.3

Today is a celebration of the Agonalia. It was celebrated 3-4 times a
year and is believed to have been instituted by Numa Pompilius.
Although we don't know exactly what the Agonalia was all about, a ram
was sacrificed by the rex sacrificulus in the regia. The Agonalia
was a "feria stativa" or static festival, held on the ninth of January
to honor the god Ianus. The word Agonalia may have been derived from
the question the priest would pose prior to the sacrifice,"Agone?"
meaning, "Shall I slay?" Also included in the Agonalia were piles of
little cakes, "strues", made from spelt ("farro" to the present day
descendants of the Etruscans), cheese, wine, and laurel incense.

Valete bene!

Cato



SOURCES

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Agonalia
(http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Agonalia.html)
and (http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/romereligion/g/agonalia.htm)

P. Memmius Albucius Moravio aliis omnibusque s.d.

S.V.G.E.R.

First thanks for your reaction, Hon. Moravius. I am looking with
interest to other reactions from the "designati" [ ;-) ] TP.

Please find some comments below on your reply :

>I respect your knowledge of the letter of the law, Albuci, and I
>admire the way you tried last year to hold your collegues to it.

I do think that laws are to be applied, and the way that we stick to
the letter of our (constitution and) laws shows our attachment to
Rome ancient system.

>However your attempt to strictly apply the letter of the law led
>only to disruption, and was instrumental in creating the situation
>over last year's elections.

You may imagine that I cannot share this analysis. I have fulfilled
all my commitments as tribunus plebis, and even more, doing tasks
that should have been done by others.
Second, your reasoning might drive to such an sentence : "the more
you apply the texts, the more it is disrupting".

>I do not think anyone will deny that the elections of this Comitia,
>as they were held last year by you and your colleagues, were not
>properly conducted in accordance with the letter of the law.

I have been told, the whole year long by some of my colleagues, that
the tribunate was not a collective institution. (If - as I wish -
your election is confirmed, you will be faced to the same question).
So you will allow me not to share the "disruptive" part of last
December process. I have conducted, as I have told, the election to
the term of the registration of the candidacies. Others should have,
from this moment, worked and convened.

>The same can be said of the elections held last year in the other
>Comitia as well.

What example have you in mind ? Plebis one or those convened by the
consuls ?

>If the letter of the law is to be applied then that will put Nova
>Roma in a dilemma that you helped to create,

First, on the *you*, please see above.

>for we would have no duly elected magistrates or Plebeian officers,
>and no one under the letter of the law to hold new elections in the
>Comitia Plebis Tributa.

There were some solutions, specially this which would have prorogate
last year's tribunes to organize the elections.

>On the other hand, as you also stated, we were in fact elected by
>the Plebeians last year, as were the other magistrates elected by
>the People in their respective Comitia. If therefore we apply the
>spirit of the law that upholds the right of the People to elect
>their own Tribuni Plebis and magistrates, then we five Tribuni
>Plebis are duly elected and have the authority to call the Comitia
>to vote on any measures.

The problem is that no authorized magistrate has convened the
election before my edict before Xmas. So, if I follow your reasoning,
if (some parts of) our People/Plebs vote, the result of this
operation must be endorsed. Well, and if some civis would decide,
outside any legal frame, to organize his/her own election, got some
votes, and say : "well, People has voted !" Furthermore, you should
have noticed that some of our cives have not voted, believing that
the legal vote was to come. Do you frankly think that this is a
regular way to handle such a major event ?

I think that a majority of our cives agree (included me) that you
convene you five a new confirmation election. But I do not agree that
you are authorized to ask the People to "vote on any measures". Not
yet.

>How should we, Quirites, decide in this conflict between the spirit
>of the law and the letter of the law? We look for guidance from our
>ancient ancestors and the mos maiorum. There was a time, in 199
>BCE, when a Comitia Centuriata chose to elect Titus Quinctius
>Flamminus as consul, even though under the letter of the law he was
>not quite eligible to run for this office. The matter of his
>election was then debated before the Comitia and was referred to
>the Senate. "The Fathers voted that it seemed proper that the right
>should reside in the People to elect anyone they chose who sought an
>office if it was not expressly forbidden to him to hold." [Livy
>32.7.2: Patres censuerunt qui honorem quem sibi capere per leges
>liceret peteret, in eo populo creandi quem velit potestatem fieri
>aequum esse.] In other words, when a conflict arises, the spirit
>of the law is to be followed, and the highest authority to decide on
>such matters is the People assembled in comitia.

First, we must remember that the designation of Flamininus (and not
*Flamminus*) is to replace in the consideration of the Greek war.
Second, I consider that such acts must not be referred to *just
because they occurred*. This is not because the act occurred in the
past that it has a legal force. If yes, you would accept all the
violations of roman law committed during the history of Rome. Last, I
would not, as a representative of the Plebs, invoke a example which
concerns the election of a consul.

>We Tribuni Plebis recognize the right of the People to elect their
>magistrates. It is the duty of a Tribunus Plebis to defend the
>rights of the People.

Yes, naturally, and hopefully, for it is written in our constitution !

> The rights of the People are not to be denied by anyone who was
>negligent in performing his or her responsibilities.

I feel concerned by your observation.

First, I am not denying the right of the People to elect their
magistrates. I am just underlining the fact that, as you are not
(yet) elected as tribuni plebis, you cannot convene in the same
comitia the People to ask them to change our law, whatever are your
intents (even good). If you consider that you are legally elected, be
logical with yourselves and do not ask the People a new election.

Second, I do not personnally accept that you might consider that I
have been "negligent, etc.". So I ask you either to demonstrate your
wording, with due proofs, or to withdraw it.

>The rights of this year's Tribuni Plebis, under the authority of the
>Plebeians, was already recognized by the former Tribuni Plebis of
>last year when they subscribed us and handed over ownership of the
>Tribuni list.

I know, I did these technical transfers, specially. I/we acted to
make things easier for you five, and to give you the opportunity to
assure the continuity of the Plebs affairs, after your decision (re-
election or not) taken. No more, no less,

>We Tribuni Plebis of this year were also recognized in our offices
>by the Consules and the Senate when they brought us into their
>august body. So I deny the implication that Albucius has made.

This fact may be an interesting indication, yes. But just an
indication, first because the consuls and the Senate may have their
own interpretation of our laws, which may not be the representatives
of the Plebs's one.

>The new Tribuni Plebis invited the former Tribuni to remain on our
>list to discuss this situation that was, unfortunately, created by
>Albucius and his colleagues.

Again, not by me, sorry.

>Only Publius Albucius chose to leave the list and not enter into our
>discussions.

Absolutely, because I considered more honest that, for we 2758
tribunes have been prorogated, we had no more right to make
recommendations, furthermore on a subject that the tribunate, as a
whole - here I accept the expression - has not fixed on Dec. 31st. I
would remind you that I have a private mail address and would have
pleased to answer your messages.

(..)

In fact, after this whole (introductory ?) letter, you do not answer
my observation. Let me please remind it to you :

"You thus need first to have your election approved by the Plebs in a
first comitia. Then, you have, when dully endorsed as tribuni plebis,
to convoke a second comitia on every legislative items you may wish
to present to the Plebs."

Please take this, you all five, in consideration.

I *sincerely* wish that you (5) could see your situation confirmed.
But calling for a law modification *in the same (confirmation)
comitium* is one of the best way to undo with one hand what the other
hand has done.

So be patient (just some weeks), obtain first your confirmation by
the People/plebs, and then propose to It a worked and useful reform.

Vale, ac valete omnes,


scr. Cadomago, civ. Viducassium, Gallia, a.d. VI Idus Ian.
MMDCCLVIIII a.u.c.


Publius Memmius Albucius

"P.M. Albucius" <albucius_aoe@...> wrote:
P. Memmius Albucius Vipsanio Moravio omnibusque s.d.

S.V.G.E.R.

First, a minor question : *who* is convening ? Hon. Vipsanius or Hon.
Moravius ? When reading the plebiscitum Moravia draft (in
fact "Moravium"), the text seems giving some importance to "who does
what".

Second and mainly, I understand why you five cives, elected by the
comitia in last december, see fit being officially approved by a
second comitia. I think that it is a wise wish.

However, the "plebiscitum ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum" seems
out of your constitutional powers.

Do not forget, please, Hon. cives, that - and that is precisely why
you are asking the Plebs an official recognition - you are
considering yourselves that you are not officially elected.

So, as you are not, you may not convene the comitia to change our
laws, even your intents are good and the main part of your draft
interesting.

You thus need first to have your election approved by the Plebs in a
first comitia. Then, you have, when dully endorsed as tribuni plebis,
to convoke a second comitia on every legislative items you may wish
to present to the Plebs.

Valete, et omnes.


P. Memmius Albucius

Salvete Omnes,

Since I was elected Diribitor and that I want to be prepared as soon as
possible to my functions, can former Diribitores or any other person
can give me any information necessary to the future performance of my
duties?

Valete,

Lucius Rutilius Minervalis

OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem IV Idus Ianuarius; haec dies comitialis est.


"Having made these regulations, he distinguished the honours and
powers which he wished each class to have. For the king he had
reserved these prerogatives: in the first place, the supremacy in
religious ceremonies and sacrifices and the conduct of everything
relating to the worship of the gods; secondly, the guardianship of the
laws and customs of the country and the general oversight of justice
in all cases, whether founded on the law of nature or the civil law;
he was also the judge in person the greatest crimes, leaving the
lesser to the senators, but seeing to it that no error was made in
their decisions; he was to summon the senate and call together the
popular assembly, to deliver his opinion first and carry out the
decision of the majority. These prerogatives he granted to the king
and, in addition, the absolute command in war. To the senate he
assigned honour and authority as follows: to deliberate and give their
votes concerning everything the king should refer to them, the
decision of the majority to prevail. This also Romulus took over from
the constitution of the Lacedaemonians; for their kings, too, did not
have arbitrary power to do everything they wished, but the gerousia
exercised complete control of public affairs. To the populace he
granted these three privileges: to choose magistrates, to ratify laws,
and to decide concerning war whenever the king left the decision to
them; yet even in these matters their authority was not unrestricted,
since the concurrence of the senate was necessary to give effect to
their decisions. The people did not give their votes all at the same
time, but were summoned to meet by curiae, and whatever was resolved
upon by the majority of the curiae was reported to the senate. But in
our day this practice is reversed, since the senate does not
deliberate upon the resolutions passed by the people, but the people
have full power over the decrees of the senate; and which of the two
customs is better I leave it open to others to determine. By this
division of authority not only were the civil affairs administered in
a prudent and orderly manner, but the business of war also was carried
on with dispatch and strict obedience. For whenever the king thought
proper to lead out his army there was then no necessity for tribunes
to be chosen by tribes, or centurions by centuries, or commanders of
the horse appointed, nor was it necessary for the army to be numbered
or to be divided into centuries or for every man to be assigned to his
appropriate post. But the king gave his orders to the tribunes and
these to the centurions and they in turn to the decurions, each of
whom led out those who were under his command; and whether the whole
army or part of it was called, at a single summons they presented
themselves ready with arms in hand at the designated post." -
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, "Roman Antiquities" 2.14


"When the news came [to Ravenna, where Caesar was staying] that the
interposition of the tribunes in his favor had been utterly rejected,
and that they themselves had fled Rome, he immediately sent forward
some cohorts, yet secretly, to prevent any suspicion of his plan; and
to keep up appearances, he attended the public games and examined the
model of a fencing school which he proposed building, then - as usual
- sat down to table with a large company of friends. However, after
sunset some mules from a near-by mill were put in his carriage, and he
set forward on his journey as privately as possible, and with an
exceedingly scanty retinue. The lights went out. He lost his way and
wandered about a long time - till at last, by help of a guide, whom he
discovered towards daybreak, he proceeded on foot through some narrow
paths, and again reached the road. Coming up with his troops on the
banks of the Rubicon, which was the frontier of his province, he
halted for a while, and revolving in his mind the importance of the
step he meditated, he turned to those about him, saying: 'Still we can
retreat! But once let us pass this little bridge, - and nothing is
left but to fight it out with arms!' Even as he hesitated this
incident occurred. A man of strikingly noble mien and graceful aspect
appeared close at hand, and played upon a pipe. To hear him not merely
some shepherds, but soldiers too came flocking from their posts, and
amongst them some trumpeters. He snatched a trumpet from one of them
and ran to the river with it; then sounding the "Advance!" with a
piercing blast he crossed to the other side. At this Caesar cried out,
'Let us go where the omens of the Gods and the crimes of our enemies
summon us! THE DIE IS NOW CAST!' Accordingly he marched his army over
the river; he showed them the tribunes of the Plebs, who on being
driven from Rome had come to meet him, and in the presence of that
assembly, called on the troops to pledge him their fidelity; tears
springing to his eyes and his garments rent from his bosom." -
Seutonius, "Life of Caesar"

"There were not about him at that time above three hundred horse and
five thousand foot; for the rest of his army, which was left behind
the Alps, was to be brought after him by officers who had received
orders for that purpose. But he thought the first motion towards the
design which he had on foot did not require large forces at present,
and that what was wanted was to make this first step suddenly, and so
to astound his enemies with the boldness of it; as it would be easier,
he thought, to throw them into consternation by doing what they never
anticipated than fairly to conquer them, if he had alarmed them by his
preparations. And therefore he commanded his captains and other
officers to go only with their swords in their hands, without any
other arms, and make themselves masters of Ariminum, a large city of
Gaul, with as little disturbance and bloodshed as possible. He
committed the care of these forces to Hortensius, and himself spent
the day in public as a stander-by and spectator of the gladiators, who
exercised before him. A little before night he attended to his person,
and then went into the hall, and conversed for some time with those be
had invited to supper, till it began to grow dusk, when he rose from
table and made his excuses to the company, begging them to stay till
he came back, having already given private directions to a few
immediate friends that they should follow him, not all the same way,
but some one way, some another. He himself got into one of the hired
carriages, and drove at first another way, but presently turned
towards Ariminum. When he came to the river Rubicon, which parts Gaul
within the Alps from the rest of Italy, his thoughts began to work,
now he was just entering upon the danger, and he wavered much in his
mind when he considered the greatness of the enterprise into which he
was throwing himself. He checked his course and ordered a halt, while
he revolved with himself, and often changed his opinion one way and
the other, without speaking a word. This was when his purposes
fluctuated most; presently he also discussed the matter with his
friends who were about him (of which number Asinius Pollio was one),
computing how many calamities his passing that river would bring upon
mankind, and what a relation of it would be transmitted to posterity.
At last, in a sort of passion, casting aside calculation, and
abandoning himself to what might come, and using the proverb
frequently in their mouths who enter upon dangerous and bold attempts,
"The die is cast," with these words he took the river. Once over, he
used all expedition possible, and before it was day reached Ariminum
and took it. It is said that the night before he passed the river he
had an impious dream, that he was unnaturally familiar with his own
mother." - Plutarch, Lives, "Caesar"

On this day in 49 B.C., Gaius Iulius Caesar crossed over into Italy
with his army, so breaking both the sacred restraint upon a general
against bringing armed men into Rome and destroying forever his
self-proclaimed ideal of truly "restoring" the Republic. He thus
committed himself to conquer or to perish, and "to cross the Rubicon"
now means to take an irrevocable step.


Valete bene!

Cato



SOURCES

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Suetonius, Plutarch

EDICTVM AEDILICIVM T. IVLI SABINI I DE COLLEGIO SITVS INTERRETIALIS PERPETVI MAGNAE MATRIS INSTITVENDO



I, T Iulius Sabinus, Aedilis Curulis, assume the charge of Project Coordinator for the Magna Mater project for the current year.
I, T Iulius Sabinus, Aedilis Curulis, hereby amend the past Edictum Aedilicium written by past Aedilis Curulis L Iul Sulla. The paragraphs to be amended are paragraphs number II, III, IV, IV-b . The amended Edictum finally appears and will be applied as follows: I. Project Coordinator duties.
The Project Coordinator chooses the general and political guidelines of the Magna Mater Project, in accordance with at least one of the two assistants of his staff. The Project Coordinator is also responsible for the communication to and from the Senate. II. Choice of the Project Coordinator.
The Project Coordinator in charge of the Magna Mater Project is to be preferably chosen among the Aediles Curuli. In the circumstance of both the Aediles applying for the position, the one who has already been part of the Magna Mater Working Team previously, shall have precedence over the other. Should neither of the elected Aediles wish to assume the position of coordinator, the former Project Coordinator shall retain the position or choose a successor among any other willing Nova Roman citizen. III. Magna Mater Project Collegium.
The Magna Mater Collegium is composed of a number of persons involved in this project. They will constitute the Magna Mater Collegium members. This Collegium is led by the Project Coordinator, that will choose inside it, not later than 15 days from the beginning of his office, two Assistants. The Project Coordinator and the two Assistants will coordinate their work all year long. IV. Magna Mater Collegium Assistants.
The two Assistants will be in charge of either the editorial or the fund-raising work inside the staff, and can choose among the team a variable number of persons that will help them in their duties; any person can work with both the Assistants. a. Editorial work.
The Editorial work has the purpose of coordinating all the public- relations activities for this project. The Assistant that will lead it will be the webmaster and will have the right to choose one or more Graphic designers and one or more Editors. Their general tasks are:
to update the technical data published on the website
to elaborate the design and graphics for the needed advertising material
to write the contains of the advertising and presentation material
to proof-read any document related to the project (emails, letters, plans, material, etc.) released to the public
to provide a translation of the project website in various languages
b. Fund-raising work
The Fund-raising work will be coordinated by the relative Assistant, and will have the help of the Quaestor assigned to the Aedilis Curulis in charge of the Magna Mater project. The Assistant has the right of select among the Collegium a variable number of persons that will help him in this task. Their duties are the following:
to prepare the contacts that could be needed for the project
to take care of the day-to-day tasks related to fund-raising
V. Amendments to this document This document can be amended by an edictum of the Aedilis Curulis in charge of the Magna Mater project.

Given under my hand this 10th day of January 2759 a.U.c ( 10 January 2006 )
Datum sub manu mea a.d.IV Id. Ianvarias MMDCCLIX ab Urbe condita.

In the consulship of Gaius Fabius Buteo Modianus and Pompeia Minucia-Tiberia Strabo.
Gaio Fabio Buteone Modiano Pompeia Minucia-Tiberia Strabone consulibus.

T. IVL SABINVS
Aedilis Curulis
















"Every individual is the arhitect of his own fortune" - Appius Claudius





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EDICTVM AEDILICIVM IULI SABINI II DESIGNATIO COLLEGII MAGNAE MATRIS

I. I, T. Iulius Sabinus, Aedilis Curulis and Project Coordinator for the Magna Mater project, in accordance with the EDICTVM AEDILICIVM T. IVLI SABINI I DE COLLEGIO SITVS INTERRETIALIS PERPETVI MAGNAE MATRIS INSTITVENDO hereby appoint the following Cives to be involved in this project, with their eventual initials duties:

- Franciscus Apulus Caesar - Staff Assistant for the Editorial work.
- Pompeia Minucia Tiberia Strabo - Staff Assistant for the Fund-raising work.
- Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
- Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus
- Lucius Iulius Sulla
- Marcus Moravius Piscinus Horatianus

II. No Century Points are awarded for being in this team.

III. These Cives will collaborate for this year with my Aedilician Quaestor Marcus Iulius Perusianus and my Cohors to pursue all our aims about the Magna Mater project.

Given under my hand this 10th day of January 2759 a.U.c ( 10 January 2006 )
Datum sub manu mea a.d.IV Id. Ianvarias MMDCCLIX ab Urbe condita.

In the consulship of Gaius Fabius Buteo Modianus and Pompeia Minucia-Tiberia Strabo.
Gaio Fabio Buteone Modiano Pompeia Minucia-Tiberia Strabone consulibus.

T. IVL SABINVS
Aedilis Curulis






"Every individual is the arhitect of his own fortune" - Appius Claudius





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EDICTVM AEDILICIVM T. IVLI SABINI III DE APPARITORIBVS CREANDIS

I. In accordance with the Constitution of Nova Roma, I, T. Iulius Sabinus, Aedilis Curulis, hereby appoint the following citizens to serve as Scribae in my Cohors:
- Iulia Iulia Caesaris Cytheris Aege.
- Tita Artoria Marcella.
- Oppius Fabius Montanus

II. I appoint the following citizens to serve as Apparitores in my Cohors:
- Pompeia Minucia-Tiberia Strabo.
- Aula Tullia Scholastica.
- Cnaeus Cornelius Lentulus.

III. This Edictum takes force immediately.


Given under my hand this 10th day of January 2759 a.U.c ( 10 January 2006 )
Datum sub manu mea a.d.IV Id. Ianvarias MMDCCLIX ab Urbe condita.

In the consulship of Gaius Fabius Buteo Modianus and Pompeia Minucia-Tiberia Strabo.
Gaio Fabio Buteone Modiano Pompeia Minucia-Tiberia Strabone consulibus.

T. IVL SABINVS
Aedilis Curulis





"Every individual is the arhitect of his own fortune" - Appius Claudius





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--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Lucius Rutilius Minervalis"
<pjtuloup@y...> wrote:

>
> Salvete Omnes,
>
> Since I was elected Diribitor and that I want to be prepared as soon

as

> possible to my functions, can former Diribitores or any other person
> can give me any information necessary to the future performance of my
> duties?

Salve,

Please join the yahoogroup
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/suffragiaromana .

It was created last year by the custodes and diribitores to help us
during the election. You will (we hope) find it and our discussions
about the elections quite useful. We will pass it and tjhe archives
over to you and answer any questions you might have.

Vale,

Palladius (Custos in 2005)

Salve,

I thank you for this info also. I just went and joined the list.

Vale,

Quintus Servilius Priscus

Lictor et Diribitor
Founder of Gens Servilia
Skype Me: iguardtoo

OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem III Idus Ianuarius; haec dies nefastus publicus est.


"By these institutions Romulus sufficiently regulated and suitably
disposed the city both for peace and for war: and he made it large and
populous by the following means. In the first place, he obliged the
inhabitants to bring up all their male children and the first-born of
the females, and forbade them to destroy any children under three
years of age unless they were maimed or monstrous from their very
birth. These he did not forbid their parents to expose, provided they
first showed them to their five nearest neighbours and these also
approved. Against those who disobeyed this law he fixed various
penalties, including the confiscation of half their property.
Secondly, finding that many of the cities in Italy were very badly
governed, both by tyrannies and by oligarchies, he undertook to
welcome and attract to himself the fugitives from these cities, who
were very numerous, paying no regard either to their calamities or to
their fortunes, provided only they were free men. His purpose was to
increase the power of the Romans and to lessen that of their
neighbours; but he invented a specious pretext for his course, making
it appear that he was showing honour to a god. For he consecrated the
place between the Capitol and the citadel which is now called in the
language of the Romans "the space between the two groves" — a term
that was really descriptive at that time of the actual conditions, as
the place was shaded by thick woods on both sides where it joined the
hills — and made it an asylum for suppliants. And built a temple there
— but to what god or divinity he dedicated it I cannot say for certain
— he engaged, under the colour of religion, to protect those who fled
to it from suffering any harm at the hands of their enemies; and if
they chose to remain with him, he promised them citizenship and a
share of the land he should take from the enemy. And people came
flocking thither from all parts, fleeing from their calamities at
home; nor had they afterwards any thought of removing to any other
place, but were held there by daily instances of his sociability and
kindness." - Dionysius of Halicarnassus, "Roman Antiquities" 2.15


"Then stretching out her arm to the right bank,
She stamped three times, wildly, on the pine deck:
Evander barely held her back with his hand,
Barely stopped her leaping swiftly to land.
`Hail, you gods of the land we sought' she cried,
`And you the place that will give heaven new gods,
And you nymphs of the grove, and crowds of Naiads!
May the sight of you be a good omen for me and my son,
And happy be the foot that touches that shore!
Am I wrong, or will those hills raise mighty walls,
And from this earth all the earth receive its laws?
The whole world is one day promised to these hills:
Who could believe the place held such fate in store?
Soon Trojan ships will touch these shores,
And a woman, Lavinia, shall cause fresh war.
Pallas, dear grandson, why put on that fatal armour?
Put it on! No mean champion will avenge you.
Conquered Troy you will conquer, and rise from your fall,
Your very ruin overwhelms your enemy's houses.
Conquering flames consume Neptune's Ilium!
Will that prevent its ashes rising higher than the world?
Soon pious Aeneas will bring the sacred Penates, and his
Sacred father here: Vesta, receive the gods of Troy!" ...
But the felicitous prophetess, as she lived beloved of the gods,
Now a goddess herself, has this day of Janus' month as hers. - Ovid,
"Fasti" I: The Carmenatalia

Today is the celebration of the Carmentalia, an ancient Roman festival
celebrated every year in honour of the nymph Carmenta or Carmentis,
the mother of Evander. Upon reaching Latium with her son, she climbed
atop a hill and began prophesying and singing. This festival is
celebrated annually on the 11th and the 15th of January, and no other
particulars of it are recorded except that Carmenta was invoked in it
as "Postvorta" and "Antevorta", epithets which had reference to her
power of looking back into the past and forward into the future. Her
name comes from the word "carmen" or "song"; she is said to have
invented both the sacred music of the Romans and the 15-letter
alphabet. After her are named the Caryae (walnut trees) and the
Carytids (nut nymphs).

"Of this goddess little is said in historical times, when the
primitive Latin worship was obscured by a crowd of Grecian and
Oriental deities; but she must have held a leading place in early
times, for she had a special priest, the Flamen Carmentalis, and the
gate near which her altar stood just at the foot of the Capitoline,
between it and the river, was called Carmentalis. Plutarch says that
some supposed Carmenta to be one of the Fates who presided over the
birth of men. The Greek title of the goddess was Themis. Into her
chapel it was not permitted to carry any part of a dead animal, for
example, anything made of leather. It is related that the famous
Marcus Popillius, in the time of the Samnite wars, the first plebeian
who ever obtained the honor of a triumph, was flamen of Carmentis.
When one day he was performing a sacrifice, clad in the laena, or
priestly robe, a tumult arose in the city. Popillius then hastily left
the sacrifice, clad as he was, made his way to the assembly, and
calmed the tumult by his authority and eloquence. In memory of this,
from the loena or robe which he wore, the people gave him the name of
Laenas, which was borne by his descendants; for it was quite out of
order to address the people in any robe but the toga, the distinctive
costume of a Roman citizen." - William S. Walsh, "Curiosities of
Popular Customs And of Rites, Ceremonies, Observances, and
Miscellaneous Antiquities" (1925)


"Quitting his couch, Tithonus' bride will witness
The high priest's rite of Arcadian Carmentis.
The same light received you too, Juturna, Turnus' sister,
There where the Aqua Virgo circles the Campus.
Where shall I find the cause and nature of these rites?
Who will steer my vessel in mid-ocean? - Ovid, "Fasti" I; 11 January

Today is also the celebration of the Iuturnalia, in honor of the
goddess Iuturna, in a festival celebrated on the anniversary of the
day on which her temple was erected in the Campus Martius (Field of
Mars, where soldiers trained, a place dedicated to the Roman god of
war, Mars) by Quintus Lutatius Catulus, a great-great-great uncle of
Julius Caesar.

Iuturna is the goddess of fountains, wells and springs, nymph of the
fountain in Latium, waters of which were famous for their reputed
healing powers. She was a sister of Turnus and supported him against
Aeneas. She was also the mother of Fontus by her husband, Ianus, the
god who rules the month of January. Iuppiter turned Iuturna into a
nymph and gave her a sacred well in Lavinium, Latium, as well as
another one near the temple to Vesta in the Forum Romanum. The second
well was called Lacus Iuturnae, and was reputed to be the well at
which the Dioscuri refreshed their horses on the way to announce the
victory at the Battle of Lake Regillus (496 B.C.).


Valete bene!

Cato



SOURCES

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Ovid, Iuturna
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juturna) and
(http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/323_Spring_of_Juturna.html)

Salve! All is well in America Austroccidentalis!

Vale,
Arnamentia


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
<gawne@c...> wrote:

>
> Salvete Proconsuli et Propraetori,
>
> With the change of year a number of provincial appointments have
> disappeared from the website, most likely because the database was

set

> to consider the appointment effective until 31 Dec 2005.
>
> Please check your provincial listings. If you're missing any of

your

> legates, scribes, procurators, or whatever, you can log into the

census

> database using your provincial governor's account and recreate

these

> appointments.
>
> Provincial governors who've made recent appointments should check

to be

> sure that they've recorded these appointments in the census

database.

> If any of you need advice/assistance with this, please send me e-

mail

> about what needs to be done and I'll help you with it.
>
> Valete,
>
> -- Marinus
>