SALVETE QUIRITES !

The final trainings and chariots preparations for the next races are
at maximum level.
The subscriptions are open only from a day and, I already received
some from provinces.
The way to win is to have a constant participation.

For news, check the Ludi Circenses page :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/ludicircenses.htm

To participate, take a look first to the rules :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/ruleslr.htm

Then send your subscription :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/participatelr.htm

Ludi Romani Circenses is arranged at :
Quarters - September 11th.
Semifinals - September 14th.
Final September - 18th.

Location : Circus Maximus.
Organizers : The Curule Aediles.
Races calculations : C. Curius Saturninus.
Presented by : A. Tullia Scholastica.

Quirites, participate to Ludi Circenses. Honoured your factio !
Support and bet for the best drivers. You will see the best stories
from our great Magistra Ludorum, A. Tullia Scholastica.

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS
Curule Aedile.

SALVETE QUIRITES !

You have a great opportunity to participate to Ludi Romani
Venationes.
Our bestiari are able to present you the most pitiless and ferocious
animals you have ever seen.
As a novelty, we have a new entry. From the northern Africa : the
hyena !

Ludi Romani Venationes is arranged at September 8th.
Location : Circus Maximus.
Organizers : Curule Aediles.
Combat calculations : Iulius Sabinus.
Presented by : Aurelia Falco Silvana.

We guarantee the best stories, too, provided by our new cohors
member Aurelia Falco Silvana, one of the most wellknown participant
to the Ludi events.

To participate, complete the subscription form for Venationes and
try to describe better your animal or/and gladiator ( optional )
fights abilities :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/ludi/ludi_form_venationes.php

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS
Curule Aedile

SALVETE QUIRITES !

From thousands of years the gladiators remained in the colective
memory of peoples. They inspired historians, writers and producers.
They were the heroes of the ancient times and as the modern
sportmen, they were loved by the Ludi audience.

Bassed by the historical facts, we try to reconstruct these ancient
fights.
The gladiatorial combat were not simply games. It have a deep
religious semnification.

Ludi Romani Munera Gladiatoria is arranged at :
Quarters - September 9th.
Semifinals - September 12th.
Finals - September 15th.

Location : Circus Maximus.
Organizers : Curule Aediles.
Combat calculations : Iulius Sabinus
Presented by : Cassius Philippus.

We guaranty the same great Ludi stories from Cassius Philippus,
Praefectus Munera of Sodalitas Militarium.

To participate complete the Munera Gladiatoria subscription form,
and in the same way like the Venationes, good descriptions can add
points to the fights calculations :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/ludi/ludi_form_gladiatoria.php

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS

SALVETE QUIRITES !

Roman Recipes Contest represent a simple way for our participants to
present what they usually use at roman meetings. We saw a lot of
photos from that events, we were amazing when we saw the Merlinia
Ambrosia big spoon.
Now, in colaboration with members of the Sodalitas Coquorum et
Cerevisiae Coctorum, we try to bring in your attention that ancient
recipes.

Roman Recipes Contest is arranged at September 16th.
You can send your roman recipe ( we accept only one/participant )until
September 4th. More information at :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/participatelr.htm

I thank to hon. Ullerius Venator for his important help.

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS

SALVETE QUIRITES !

This Historical Contest will be the most interesting from all the
year. That because it doesn't have a specific subject.
Artoria Marcella, Magistra Ludorum, will try to present you
questions from various domains as : history, religion, roman
military art, roman personalities and because our organization have
its own history, Nova Roma annals.

Ludi Romani Certamen Historicum is arranged at :
September 6 th : certamen historicum 1
September 8 th : certamen historicum 2
September 9 th : certamen historicum 3
September 12 th : certamen historicum 4
September 14 th : certamen historicum 5
September 16 th : certamen historicum 6

What is new at this contest ? Quirites, you will have 48 hours to
answer to questions !!! More allocated time, more good and accurate
answers !

For rules and how to participate, check the following addresses :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/ruleslr.htm
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/participatelr.htm

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS
Curule Aedile.

Salvete citizens,

I always have been of the opinion that we ought not be judges of the
past using the standards of today. I thought that this following
article illustrates this point very well and although it was
generated with regards to the execution of soldiers in World War 1,
the jist of this article could also cover things from Roman society
through to the middle and later ages:


A clever trick: say sorry, condemn the past and look good, with no
cost
Matthew Parris (The Times)



IN FLIGHT from the present tense, this generation's politicians are
trying to alter the past, and invoice the future. They are hearing
appeals against the indictment of the dead, and sending bills to the
accounts of the unborn. Anything, it seems, to avoid confronting the
living; to evade the awkward here and now.
The latest posthumous pardons of First World War soldiers executed
for desertion or cowardice are minor examples of the evasion, but
they speak volumes. During this recent controversy my mind has
returned again and again to the cold-eyed lucidity with which Leon
Trotsky justified shooting his own men:


"An army cannot be built without reprisals. Masses of men cannot be
led to death unless the army command has the death penalty in its
arsenal. So long as those malicious tailless apes that are so proud
of their technical achievements — the animals that we call men —
will build armies and wage wars, the command will always be obliged
to place the soldiers between the possible death in the front and
the inevitable one in the rear."

Surely that must be right? For many, blind obedience or selfless
duty may be sufficient, but never for all. I doubt we are able today
to second-guess judgments made three generations ago in different
circumstances and according to a harsher moral code. Without wishing
to thrash again through a debate that has been pretty well-thrashed
this last fortnight, and with no intended disrespect for the dead
soldiers or their living descendants, we should stand back and look
at what are becoming two politically fashionable pastimes, and the
subtle linkage between them.

A posthumous pardon implicitly censures one group of dead people —
those who administered the justice we now seek to overturn — and
rewards another, the accused soldiers. A Private Finance Initiative
for (say) the building of a hospital shifts the burden of its costs
away from us and on to the next generation. So though the two may
not at first sight seem linked, both are acts of apparent generosity
by this generation's politicians, for which this generation does not
have to pay. Our appetite for revisiting decisions made by our
predecessors seems to be growing. Our appetite for visiting upon our
successors the bills we run up today is growing too. Backward-
looking moral judgments and the forward-loading of state spending
are two different ways of copping out of the costs and controversies
of the present. We should not be fooled.

There is neither sacrifice, repentance nor courage in "apologising"
on other people's behalf. Our political class grows ever more adept
at devising ways of seeming to say sorry without really saying so.
To "I'm sorry if you took offence" (insinuating that your own thin
skin or misunderstanding was the problem) they are now saying they
are sorry one long-dead set of individuals wronged another long-dead
set of individuals. Whether it is Tony Blair apologising for the
Irish potato famine, the Australian Government declaring a "National
Sorry Day" for the treatment of the Aboriginals, or the Ministry of
Defence's posthumous quashing of decisions made by First World War
courts martial, the strategy costs the politician nothing and
requires no practical action, while making him look good.

But what are the logical limits to this practice, once the
underlying philosophy is allowed? Should Oscar Wilde be posthumously
pardoned because we now think the laws under which he was convicted
were unjust? In the past decade most of the laws against homosexual
behaviour have been swept away. In the past century tens of
thousands of lives were wrecked by convictions under those laws.
Should we retrospectively pardon all those men? Those who think we
should ought to consider the implications for the sea of ghosts once
proceeded against (for example) under anti-Catholic legislation, or
for attempted suicide, or escaping slavery, or witchcraft, or any
one of scores of crimes no longer on the statute book.

Logic is expendable to a politician looking for cheap applause or a
way of getting an insistent lobby off his back, but the logic of
these objections is unanswerable. It has been voiced often enough,
and greeted by silence.

But as yet unrehearsed (so far as I know) is a consequence for our
own epoch's decisions. We can hardly deny to the future a right we
are content to confiscate from the past: the right for each
generation to reach decisions according to its own moral lights. If
our grandfathers no longer have autonomy over their own epoch, what
autonomy can we claim over ours? Are we too, then, to be
posthumously tried, or retried?

Are we too to be posthumously convicted, or pardoned? Will future
prime ministers have to say sorry for things we did — and did
honestly believing them to be right? Understand that I am not
denying to our successors the right to take a different view from
us, to impose altered standards for their own day. So they may. Nor
am I denying that where new evidence emerges in a new generation,
then judgments can be revisited. This happens all the time in law,
and any generation would wish its successors to reopen such cases.
Nor am I arguing against restitution when a wrong has been done.
These are things we do in the present and for the present.

But what the future has no right to do to the past is to rehear its
judgments in the light of altered morality, and indict (or pardon)
according to values different to those of men and women who had to
judge according to the values of their own day. Morality changes. It
may in future move in a permissive or reactionary direction; we
cannot know which. But I should be outraged to think that the way I
live, which is lawful now, or the decisions I take, which are
properly taken by the moral lights of my own generation, should be
put on some kind of show trial in a century's time. To deny our
ancestors autonomy in the judgments they reached is to cede our own
moral autonomy to our successors.

You may think this rather Jesuitical. It may look arcane to argue
against the secret erosion of meaning, the erosion of what it means
to say sorry, of what it means for a court martial to have made its
judgment; but these meanings are the philosophical underpinnings of
the way we live and understand our responsibilities.

Less arcane is the objection to a different sort of raid: this time
a raid not on the past but on the future. Borrowing from the next
generation for this generation's public services is a disgrace, for
which the appropriate outrage is not being expressed or felt. The
whole idea of mortgaging this generation's public investment, for
repayment by the next, is immoral. The two main political parties —
the Conservatives, who thought of the idea, and new Labour, who have
placed it at the centre of their policies for financing public
services — have colluded in keeping the matter from debate.

For public sector construction, there is no case at all for raising
money through private sector borrowing. Everybody knows that, but
few in politics wish to talk about it. PFIs are a device to keep the
borrowing off the books that record public sector debt, so that this
generation of voters can be spun an impression that their new
hospitals, or academies, or army training schemes have been provided
without the State needing to go into the red to provide them.
Indeed, the State hasn't. A private sector company has, paying more
to service the debt. Indirectly, these costs will be charged, mostly
to the next generation.

The next generation may bitterly resent the costs, and the
postponement of their own public investment, with which we have
landed them. Ah well, maybe they can organise a show trial of
Kenneth Clarke and Gordon Brown, for fraud; and convict them
posthumously.


Regards,

QSP

Salvete omnes,

Some students have asked following kind of question:

> 1a. Re: Academia Thules Latin courses starting this Autumn,
> subscribe no
> Posted by: "javier solano" jsolanof@... jsolanof
> Date: Thu Aug 31, 2006 9:52 am (PDT)
>
> Salve!
>
> I filled the form because I want to learn Latin, so, do you know
> what is the next step?
>
> Valete bene.

The answer is quite simple: to wait. You can find more information at:
http://www.academiathules.org/admissions

Namely:
"Once we have processed your admission (this will take from some days
to some weeks), you'll be notified in an email which will also
contain your log-in information for the Academia course-system.

Please note that you'll need to send student admission form only
once, at the beginning of your studies. The actual course enrolments
happen in the Academia Thules CMS. If you already have user account
there, you can subscribe to any of the individual courses listed
there. If you have previously done studies in Academia Thules but
don't have user account in Academia Thules CMS, then you'll need to
send student admission form too since our old students are not
automatically gaining access to the new course system.

While waiting for your admission to be processed, you might want to
explore the Study Guide in more detail and think about what courses
you would like to take first. Once you have your log-in information
for the course-system, you can subscribe yourself to those courses
and start studying."

Valete,

C. Curius Saturninus

Propraetor Provinciae Thules
Rector Academia Thules ad Studia Romana Antiqua et Nova

e-mail: c.curius@...
www.academiathules.org
gsm: +358-50-3315279
fax: +358-9-8754751

Salvete Omnes!

(First of all my apologies to those of you who receive this through
multiple lists).

I am delighted to announce that after much scribbling and huffing and
puffing I have finally got my new website up and running. It's
dedicated to the Religio and contains a number of articles in which I
try to put over my view and practice of the Religio as a living
tradition. Please do have a look! It's at www.casabruti.co.uk.

Valete!

Caius Moravius Brutus

Salvete Omnes,

Following on from a recent thread citing the reasons for the rise and
fall of Rome, the following article appeared in a major national
newspaper in the UK today. May I add that the article doesn't
necessarily accurately reflect my own opinion - I've just reproduced
it, exactly as it was printed. Mind you, the final couple of
sentences do make me think that the anonymous author has a certain
empathy with the opinions of a good few Nova Romans!

'WHAT IF ROME HAD NOT FALLEN?

Had Rome not fallen in 476 AD, it might have fought off Islam –
whereas Byzantium, the Empire's eastern rump, failed. Roman legions
would also have handled the invading Mongols better than their
medieval successors. In the Americas they surely would not have
warred with native peoples, but assimilated them in the Roman way.
In Europe, united in the solemn calm of Empire, there would have been
no feudalism, no chivalry, no parliaments and no England. What is
modern Britain would have become a proper province of Rome. Scotland
and Ireland too would have been conquered. Britain would also have
been spared the Saxons, who knew nothing of plumbing and cities, and
whose influx resulted in a dramatic drop in quality of life. Today
people would be living longer and society would be far more
advanced. There would not have been a 1,000-year gap between the
fall of Rome and the Renaissance.'

Optime valete,

Postuma Sempronia Graccha Placidia
(Dum spiro, spero et spero meliora)

Salve Postuma Sempronia,

Thanks for sharing this article. Many people I know often think of
this idea of Rome never falling. In adventure and sci-fi there are a
few books I'd recommend that touch on this subject:

Kurt Mitchel:

Procurator

The New Barbarians

Cry The Republic

Rome has never fallen, Pilate lets Christ go and the Roman world
from Europe to America and parts of Asia exist in modern times

Richard Sapir:

The Far Arena

Is a 1979 novel by Richard Sapir, writing under the slightly
modified pen name of Richard Ben Sapir. It chronicles the adventures
of Eugeni, a Roman gladiator from the age of Domitian, who, due to a
highly unlikely series of events, is frozen in ice for nineteen
centuries before being found by the Houghton Oil Company on a
prospecting mission in the north Atlantic.


Clive Cussler:

Treasure

Finding an ancient Roman ship in the Americas traced from Alexandria
which becomes a key to a world wide conspiracy out of Egypt and
Mexico. Good scene in Chapter one where Romans who landed in America
are dealing with weird looking barbarians.


Barry Sadler (sang Ballad of The Green Berets in the late 60's)

The Casca Series

A Roman soldier who slaps Jesus' face in his interrogation gets told
off and is punished by living as an eternal mercenary type
throughout the centuries right up until modern times. I have yet to
see this series but people tell me it is fun to read.


Finally, from the Far Arena, the gladiator is awakened and he
comments on the automobiles saying they are interesting enough but
require far less skill to manage than a chariot and team of horses.
I agree with him there and often point out his words to critics who
run down the intelligence of the Ancient Romans\ saying I could
teach a Roman to drive my pick up truck far quicker than he could
teach me to be a charioteer!

I hope you have a chance to read some of these books.

Regards,

QSP

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "glad2broman" <KECTAM@...> wrote:
>
> Salvete Omnes,
>
> Following on from a recent thread citing the reasons for the rise
and
> fall of Rome, the following article appeared in a major national
> newspaper in the UK today. May I add that the article doesn't
> necessarily accurately reflect my own opinion - I've just
reproduced
> it, exactly as it was printed. Mind you, the final couple of
> sentences do make me think that the anonymous author has a certain
> empathy with the opinions of a good few Nova Romans!
>
> 'WHAT IF ROME HAD NOT FALLEN?
>
> Had Rome not fallen in 476 AD, it might have fought off Islam –
> whereas Byzantium, the Empire's eastern rump, failed. Roman
legions
> would also have handled the invading Mongols better than their
> medieval successors. In the Americas they surely would not have
> warred with native peoples, but assimilated them in the Roman
way.
> In Europe, united in the solemn calm of Empire, there would have
been
> no feudalism, no chivalry, no parliaments and no England. What is
> modern Britain would have become a proper province of Rome.
Scotland
> and Ireland too would have been conquered. Britain would also
have
> been spared the Saxons, who knew nothing of plumbing and cities,
and
> whose influx resulted in a dramatic drop in quality of life.
Today
> people would be living longer and society would be far more
> advanced. There would not have been a 1,000-year gap between the
> fall of Rome and the Renaissance.'
>
> Optime valete,
>
> Postuma Sempronia Graccha Placidia
> (Dum spiro, spero et spero meliora)
>

SALVE IVLI LATERANE !

You are welcome, my Iulian co-fellow.

VALE BENE,
IVL SABINVS

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Gaius Iulius Lateranus"
<iulius_lateranus@...> wrote:

>
> Patri conscripti and fellow cives,
>
> My greetings ! My citizenship has been approved two days ago and I

am

> joining you now for the renaissance of the Roma Aeterna !
>
> G. Iul. Lateranus Lutetiae scripsit.
>

Salvete

This was discussed here some time ago.

This article just showed up.

Source:
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/press.office/press.release/content.phtml?ref=1156851242


Hadrian's Roman soldiers 'had military tattoo'

'Vegetius recorded that a recruit to the Roman army "should not be
tattooed with the pin-pricks of the official mark as soon as he has
been selected, but first be thoroughly tested in exercises so that it
may be established whether he is truly fitted for so much effort",'
says Lindsay. (Source: Flavius Vegetius Renatus, Epitome of Military
Science, Chapter 8).

'We do not know what this official mark looked like. It was possibly
an eagle or the symbol of the soldier's legion or unit', she said.



optime valete

M. Lucr. Agricola

Salvete,
Another great book along this line is Roma Eterna by Sci Fi great Robert
Silverberg. It is a series of stories chronicling lives of Romans in
alternate history.

Valete,
L. Cassius Pontonius
-------
Michael Ponte
http://www.mponte.com

----- Original Message -----
From: "Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kelly)" <mjk@...>
To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Friday, September 01, 2006 4:52 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: What if.....


Salve Postuma Sempronia,

Thanks for sharing this article. Many people I know often think of
this idea of Rome never falling. In adventure and sci-fi there are a
few books I'd recommend that touch on this subject:

Kurt Mitchel:

Procurator

The New Barbarians

Cry The Republic

Rome has never fallen, Pilate lets Christ go and the Roman world
from Europe to America and parts of Asia exist in modern times

Richard Sapir:

The Far Arena

Is a 1979 novel by Richard Sapir, writing under the slightly
modified pen name of Richard Ben Sapir. It chronicles the adventures
of Eugeni, a Roman gladiator from the age of Domitian, who, due to a
highly unlikely series of events, is frozen in ice for nineteen
centuries before being found by the Houghton Oil Company on a
prospecting mission in the north Atlantic.


Clive Cussler:

Treasure

Finding an ancient Roman ship in the Americas traced from Alexandria
which becomes a key to a world wide conspiracy out of Egypt and
Mexico. Good scene in Chapter one where Romans who landed in America
are dealing with weird looking barbarians.


Barry Sadler (sang Ballad of The Green Berets in the late 60's)

The Casca Series

A Roman soldier who slaps Jesus' face in his interrogation gets told
off and is punished by living as an eternal mercenary type
throughout the centuries right up until modern times. I have yet to
see this series but people tell me it is fun to read.


Finally, from the Far Arena, the gladiator is awakened and he
comments on the automobiles saying they are interesting enough but
require far less skill to manage than a chariot and team of horses.
I agree with him there and often point out his words to critics who
run down the intelligence of the Ancient Romans\ saying I could
teach a Roman to drive my pick up truck far quicker than he could
teach me to be a charioteer!

I hope you have a chance to read some of these books.

Regards,

QSP










--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "glad2broman" <KECTAM@...> wrote:
>
> Salvete Omnes,
>
> Following on from a recent thread citing the reasons for the rise
and
> fall of Rome, the following article appeared in a major national
> newspaper in the UK today. May I add that the article doesn't
> necessarily accurately reflect my own opinion - I've just
reproduced
> it, exactly as it was printed. Mind you, the final couple of
> sentences do make me think that the anonymous author has a certain
> empathy with the opinions of a good few Nova Romans!
>
> 'WHAT IF ROME HAD NOT FALLEN?
>
> Had Rome not fallen in 476 AD, it might have fought off Islam -
> whereas Byzantium, the Empire's eastern rump, failed. Roman
legions
> would also have handled the invading Mongols better than their
> medieval successors. In the Americas they surely would not have
> warred with native peoples, but assimilated them in the Roman
way.
> In Europe, united in the solemn calm of Empire, there would have
been
> no feudalism, no chivalry, no parliaments and no England. What is
> modern Britain would have become a proper province of Rome.
Scotland
> and Ireland too would have been conquered. Britain would also
have
> been spared the Saxons, who knew nothing of plumbing and cities,
and
> whose influx resulted in a dramatic drop in quality of life.
Today
> people would be living longer and society would be far more
> advanced. There would not have been a 1,000-year gap between the
> fall of Rome and the Renaissance.'
>
> Optime valete,
>
> Postuma Sempronia Graccha Placidia
> (Dum spiro, spero et spero meliora)
>







Yahoo! Groups Links

I searched around the internet for a list of Canadian postal codes with lat/long coordinates but there weren't any free ones. Natural Resources Canada offers this service though

http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search/search_e.php

If you enter town/city names if gives you the lat/long's. It is only accurate to the nearest minute, however. It also gives you NTS mapsheet data but no UTM coordinates. As an aside, if people gave you permission to put their name on the pin, could you link it to their page in the album civum?

Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa

Matt Hucke <hucke@...> wrote:

http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/map?state=IL
(substitute other states in the URL above)

http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/map
(show all the US - this is very slow to load).

This shows only the US for now because I don't yet have the mappings of
latitude and longitude by postal code for anywhere else.

A green pushpin represents an assiduus citizen, a yellow for one of
the head count, and a blue pushpin for a senator.

For privacy, only the zip code is used to plot the location - NOT
the actual street address. Also for privacy, names don't appear
at each point. If there are multiple citizens in the same zip code,
each pushpin after the first is shifted by about two miles so they
can all be seen.

Valete, Octavius.

--
hucke@...
http://www.graveyards.com

"What is the difference? What indeed is the point? ...The
clarity is devastating. But where is the ambiguity? It's
over there, in a box." -- J. Cleese





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

SALVETE QUIRITES !

The things become intricate !
Albata have done some major changes and we have new entry at Veneta.
But what about Praesina ?

The participants and a few news are presented on the factiones
webpages :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/albata.htm
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/veneta.htm
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/russata.htm
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/praesina.htm

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS

SALVETE QUIRITES !

I hope we will have nice and interesting Ludi Romani this year. We
will try to bring in your attention great events. Some of them
wellknown. Another are new one.
Ludi Romani represented in ancient times, the greatest ludi from all
the year. It's our case, too.
Our purposes, and when I say our, I have in mind the Aediles Cohors
members, are directed to the Ludi events accuracy.
For that, a great attention is for the religious aspects. At
September 13th a grandiose parade is organized, from the Jupiter
Temple, through Forum to Circus Maximus. That in the morning. In the
evening Epulum Jovi is arranged. Great rituals, a lot of
participants and many surprises. I don't want to talk more about
that. It's better to see how the things will going on in that day.
At September 14th, The Probatio Equitium, the state Cavalry
inspection is organized. Here you will see another interesting
surprises.

Quirites ! I'm sure that at Ludi Romani you will be able to read the
best stories of the events. The greatest writers of Nova Roma are
here, trying through their dedication and inspiration, to come in
front of you with all what they have the best : their deepest
respect for our Gods, the roman way, our ancestors, and, but not
finally, their love for you.

With your permission I want to say a few words about the Ludi
events. I will start with the program first :

September 5 th : opening-religious celebrations
September 6 th : ludi romani history - certamen historicum 1
September 7 th : ludi scaenici
September 8 th : venationes - certamen historicum 2
September 9 th : munera gladiatoria (quarters)
September 10 th : ludi romani cultural day - certamen historicum 3
September 11 th : ludi circenses (quarters)
September 12 th : munera gladiatoria (semifinals) - certamen
historicum 4
September 13 th : ludi romani parade - epulum iovis
September 14 th : probatio equitium - ludi circenses (semifinals) -
certamen historicum 5
September 15 th : munera gladiatoria (finals)
September 16 th : roman recipes contest - certamen historicum 6
September 17 th : ludi romani athletics : pugilatio
September 18 th : ludi circenses (finals)
September 19 th : closing - consul speech

How you can see, here are some wellknown events, but, in the same
time, new one. Let me to present it.

The religious aspects of the Ludi, represent the Marcus Horatius
Piscinus the religious assistant of the Magna Mater Project,
contribution. As always, with the same dedication, hon. Marcus
Horatius honoured our Gods by his impressive work.

Tita Artoria Marcella, Magistra Ludorum, in her already wellknown
style, are ready with the Certamen Historicum questions. For this
time inspirated from different areas : history, roman religion,
roman military art, roman ancient personalities and Nova Roma
annals. Nova Roma annals because after all that years we have our
own history !

C. Aurelia Falco Silvana will present Ludi Romani Venationes. Bassed
by her ideea, we have a new entry : the hyena. It was a good ideea.
The subscriptions already can prove that. Quirites, we will have a
lot of fights between hyenas ! Sure, with amazing stories.

Who can present better the Munera Gladiatoria if not M. Cassius
Philippus, the Praefectus Munera of Sodalitas Militarium ? I still
remember his stories from Megalesia. And lately his contribution at
the Ludi Victoriae Cultural Day. His knowdledges in domain are
indisputable.

Returned from Britannia Conventus, with another experience in
chariot races, after the Gaia Livia and Apollonius Cordus
demonstrations, Magistra Ludorum Prima, A. Tullia Scholastica will
keep your attention to a high level of curiousity. We know very well
her attention to details. Our Magistra transformed the Ludi
Circenses stories in a really art. Don't forget, Quirites to join to
her latin courses in September at Academia Thule.

And if I reminded about Academia Thule, I want to let you know that
the Ludi Circenses races calculations represent, as always in this
year, the serious work result of hon.C. Curius Saturninus, the
rector of the nominated Academia.

From my part, Roman Recipes Contest in colaboration with the
Sodalitas Coquorum and esspecially hon. S. Ullerius Venator and Ludi
Romani Pugilatio, game from the ancient athletics area, where I
tried to be accurate, too.
Because at the last ludi, the Cultural Day was an interesting event,
I decided to organize it again. I received good articles, but if
someone from you have, and want to present an article with roman
subject, a poem or something else in concordance with our community
interest, I'm honoured to receive his/her works, privately. The
contributor will have a personal webpage for that.

After all of that we have only one thing to do : to wait your
subscriptions. Our desire, our abilities and good intentions to do
that enjoyable events, depend by your interest.
For that I recommand : Participate to Ludi !

Take a look to the Curules Aediles website :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/

Read the Ludi Romani rules :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/ruleslr.htm

And then how to participate :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/participatelr.htm

Complete the subscription forms for Munera Gladiatoria and
Venationes :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/ludi/ludi_form_gladiatoria.php
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/ludi/ludi_form_venationes.php
and be ready to VOTE your favourite gladiator and animal in a few
days !

Send your subscription for Ludi Romani Circenses. Your name is here ?
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/ludicircenses.htm

Check your roman recipes and send one to me. The best, of course, if
you want to win at this contest.

Choose a pugil and then a tactic and come with him in Circus
Maximus. Honoured the Greeks and the Etruscans, too, for their great
contribution of the boxing development.

And finnaly, we, the Curules Aediles and the Aedilician Cohors, wish
you to have a good time at Ludi Romani 2759 a.U.c

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS
Curule Aedile.

Salve Romans

As summer is coming to an end and the fall elections will soon be
upon us I wanted to take a few moments of your time to tell you of
my plans.

For that last five years I have had the honor of serving you and
Nova Roma as a magistrate. I have spent a term as Curator Differum
(newsletter editor), one term as Quaestor to the Honorable Curule
Aedile Gnaeus Equitius Marinus, a term as Tribune of the Plebs, a
second term as Quaestor to the Honorable Consul Gaius Popillius
Laenas and this year the high honor of serving as Praetor.

Ancient Rome had a tradition that time out of office should occur in
between most magistracies within the Cursus honorum and certainly
between service as Praetor and a run for Consul.

In keeping with this Roman tradition and in the hope of
reestablishing it here in Nova Roma I will not be a candidate for
any office this fall.

I will instead attend to by duties as a member of the Senate and I
will ask the Senate to prorogue my term as Propraetor of
Mediatlantica Provincia. If reappointed I will spend the next year
on building up the membership and live meetings within my
province.

I want to sincerely thank the citizens of Nova Roma for the honors
you have bestowed on me in years past and for the singular honor of
serving as Praetor.

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
Praetor et Senator

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael
Kelly)" <mjk@...> wrote:

>
> Salvete citizens,

A fine article. Yes, I did consider it to be somewhat "jesuitical". I
have to come down on the side of disagreement with the article. If a
Government wrongs people, then an apology is owed, even if the
government did it at the time thinking it was right. The dead are
gone, but we have to live today with the moral legacy our governments
pass to us. We have to be the conscience of history, and this has been
a reality for a very long time.

Voltaire said "To the living, one owes respect. To the dead, one owes
only the Truth."

These are powerful words- and I believe in them with all my heart. Men
and Women who were executed for being "witches" by governments or
religious authorities, even though they were not witches, just
eccentric old women or people who owned lots of land that the church
or the government wanted (a common enough occurence in some places)
DESERVE an apology. Their names should be cleared, and the Truth that
was dumped upon to affect their murder should finally be given.

Men executed wrongly should rest a bit easier in Hades knowing that
their families will recieve an apology and possibly compensation, and
that their names will not be as blackened.

Can unscrupulous modern politicians use these sorts of things as tools
for doing as you insist? I don't doubt it. But if they have a point,
or if they speak for a government that SHOULD be apologizing, then I
won't turn down their apologies. To the dead, we owe the truth.

Most Americans thought it was right to follow "manifest destiny" full
force across the lands of Native Americans, and the nation turned its
face away from outright genocide. That was wrong, regardless of what
the "government" or the "people" thought. Your argument rests on the
notion that "right and wrong" is really a matter of what people think,
whether that be on the individual level or the social level, and I am
not a person who believes such a thing.

I believe that Justice is a divine power, and that it binds all humans
and all sentient beings, now and always- She has always bound us, and
always will. Even our ancient forebears were held accountable to the
same power of Justice as we are today, and which our children will be
held accountable to- Justice, the great one who demands exact returns
for the debt we make to life.

So yes, in a real way, I reject the ultimate notion of "yesterday's
standards" and "today's standards" having anything at all to do with
justice or cosmic "rightness". I freely look at "today's standards"
and "yesterday's standards", and instead of asking "which is better",
I ask "does this standard accord with justice? Does that one?"

I don't care if an ancient society believed it was perfectly okay to
freely murder other human beings outside it's borders; I don't think
it was EVER right to do so, not from the perspective of Divine
Justice. Societies that thought so were simply wrong. And even if a
man smiled and killed outside the boundaries of his society and truly
felt that he was doing no wrong, and even if the people within his
society thought he was doing no wrong, he still was, and he paid his
debt to justice when he died, if not before.

Just the same, my society says several things are legal that I find
repugnant, and this is because my conscience tells me they are wrong-
the function of moral within me screams out against them. Can we trust
that function of our souls? Can we trust that "finest point" of our
psyches to guide us perfectly? Can we KNOW the standards of "Justice"
on the divine level?

It's a true matter of trust, because I admit, many times, I (and we)
can't really know if what we feel is in accord with Great Justice. But
I do know that Providence works out as she will and that you can't
live a life second guessing yourself.

I believe (in the manner of C.G. Jung, the Magus of the Eternal Gods)
that moral is a function of the human soul, as old as mankind itself.
I do not believe that morality is relative. And I believe in the
guidance of the Genius set over each individual by the Gods.

Such a stance wins me names like "radical" and "fanatic" and "tyrant"
in some circles. But that's the way it will have to be; I have the
Master Aurelius to fall back on, my great teacher, and in his words, I
rest.

Yes, let them apologize when we become cognizant later of injustices
that our governments have done. We inherit their debts, whether we
want to or not, because we are in their thread of Fate- we are part of
the institution which binds us to our ancestors and to one another.
The new generation of Romans was bound, partly, by what the previous
had done; it's the same now.


Taurinus

> If you enter town/city names if gives you the lat/long's. It is only accurate
> to the nearest minute, however. It also gives you NTS mapsheet data but no
> UTM coordinates. As an aside, if people gave you permission to put their
> name on the pin, could you link it to their page in the album civum?

There is a major rewrite of all the Album Civium underway, to use a new
authentication system and application framework I've been working on for
a few months.

Once that's done, there will be more options available when you edit your
profile. Among these will be options for telling the system how much privacy
you want, and this selection will have the effect you describe.

I could also provide a way to enter latitude/longitude manually. That way,
people in a country where the data is not available in bulk (or where we
haven't had time to import it yet) could look it up themselves using
whatever tools are available, and enter it manually.

Vale, O.

--
hucke@...
http://www.graveyards.com

"What is the difference? What indeed is the point? ...The
clarity is devastating. But where is the ambiguity? It's
over there, in a box." -- J. Cleese

Salvete Omnes:

Did everyone have a good summer? I understand Fort Malden went well
and the weather as usual was good. Any particular details which might
be of interest to all? I read Commander Marcellas report on the
Militarium. He seemed quite pleased to receive his cake and Bday
wishes. He is amazing.

Valete
Pompeia

---Salvete Omnes:

I apologize. This was intended to be posted on the provincial list.

Doh!!!!

Valete
Pompeia



In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "pompeia_minucia_tiberia"
<pompeia_minucia_tiberia@...> wrote:

>
> Salvete Omnes:
>
> Did everyone have a good summer? I understand Fort Malden went well
> and the weather as usual was good. Any particular details which

might

> be of interest to all? I read Commander Marcellas report on the
> Militarium. He seemed quite pleased to receive his cake and Bday
> wishes. He is amazing.
>
> Valete
> Pompeia
>

Salve,
An idea for the album civibum, unless already brought up, would be a method
for inserting your profile image. I have no idea how to do that and I canot
find a link on how to get my picture up there. Many places have a minimum
file image size upload option. This could be used for the album. I do not
know what goes into the making of such a feature, so forgive me if this
question has been gone over several times before.

Vale,

L. C. Pontonius
-------
Michael Ponte
http://www.mponte.com

----- Original Message -----
From: "Matt Hucke" <hucke@...>
To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Sunday, September 03, 2006 9:34 AM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] fun with google maps


>
>> If you enter town/city names if gives you the lat/long's. It is only
>> accurate
>> to the nearest minute, however. It also gives you NTS mapsheet data but
>> no
>> UTM coordinates. As an aside, if people gave you permission to put their
>> name on the pin, could you link it to their page in the album civum?
>
> There is a major rewrite of all the Album Civium underway, to use a new
> authentication system and application framework I've been working on for
> a few months.
>
> Once that's done, there will be more options available when you edit your
> profile. Among these will be options for telling the system how much
> privacy
> you want, and this selection will have the effect you describe.
>
> I could also provide a way to enter latitude/longitude manually. That
> way,
> people in a country where the data is not available in bulk (or where we
> haven't had time to import it yet) could look it up themselves using
> whatever tools are available, and enter it manually.
>
> Vale, O.
>
> --
> hucke@...
> http://www.graveyards.com
>
> "What is the difference? What indeed is the point? ...The
> clarity is devastating. But where is the ambiguity? It's
> over there, in a box." -- J. Cleese
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>

Salve Pontoni,

To put an image into your profile, write to webmaster@... and
get the image size limits from him. Once you have those, send him a
standard image format file (gif or jpg) and he'll attach it to your profile.

Vale,

-- Marinus

Michael Ponte wrote:

> Salve,
> An idea for the album civibum, unless already brought up, would be a method
> for inserting your profile image. I have no idea how to do that and I canot
> find a link on how to get my picture up there. Many places have a minimum
> file image size upload option. This could be used for the album. I do not
> know what goes into the making of such a feature, so forgive me if this
> question has been gone over several times before.
>
> Vale,
>
> L. C. Pontonius
> -------
> Michael Ponte
> http://www.mponte.com
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Matt Hucke" <hucke@...>
> To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Sunday, September 03, 2006 9:34 AM
> Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] fun with google maps
>
>
>
>>>If you enter town/city names if gives you the lat/long's. It is only
>>>accurate
>>>to the nearest minute, however. It also gives you NTS mapsheet data but
>>>no
>>>UTM coordinates. As an aside, if people gave you permission to put their
>>>name on the pin, could you link it to their page in the album civum?
>>
>>There is a major rewrite of all the Album Civium underway, to use a new
>>authentication system and application framework I've been working on for
>>a few months.
>>
>>Once that's done, there will be more options available when you edit your
>>profile. Among these will be options for telling the system how much
>>privacy
>>you want, and this selection will have the effect you describe.
>>
>>I could also provide a way to enter latitude/longitude manually. That
>>way,
>>people in a country where the data is not available in bulk (or where we
>>haven't had time to import it yet) could look it up themselves using
>>whatever tools are available, and enter it manually.
>>
>>Vale, O.
>>
>>--
>>hucke@...
>>http://www.graveyards.com
>>
>>"What is the difference? What indeed is the point? ...The
>>clarity is devastating. But where is the ambiguity? It's
>>over there, in a box." -- J. Cleese
>>
>>
>>
>>Yahoo! Groups Links
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>
>

Salve,
Thank you very much. I appreciate the help.
Vale, L. C. Pontonius
-------
Michael Ponte
http://www.mponte.com

----- Original Message -----
From: "Gnaeus Equitius Marinus" <gawne@...>
To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Sunday, September 03, 2006 1:30 PM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] fun with google maps


> Salve Pontoni,
>
> To put an image into your profile, write to webmaster@... and
> get the image size limits from him. Once you have those, send him a
> standard image format file (gif or jpg) and he'll attach it to your
> profile.
>
> Vale,
>
> -- Marinus
>
> Michael Ponte wrote:
>> Salve,
>> An idea for the album civibum, unless already brought up, would be a
>> method
>> for inserting your profile image. I have no idea how to do that and I
>> canot
>> find a link on how to get my picture up there. Many places have a minimum
>> file image size upload option. This could be used for the album. I do not
>> know what goes into the making of such a feature, so forgive me if this
>> question has been gone over several times before.
>>
>> Vale,
>>
>> L. C. Pontonius
>> -------
>> Michael Ponte
>> http://www.mponte.com
>> ----- Original Message -----
>> From: "Matt Hucke" <hucke@...>
>> To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
>> Sent: Sunday, September 03, 2006 9:34 AM
>> Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] fun with google maps
>>
>>
>>
>>>>If you enter town/city names if gives you the lat/long's. It is only
>>>>accurate
>>>>to the nearest minute, however. It also gives you NTS mapsheet data but
>>>>no
>>>>UTM coordinates. As an aside, if people gave you permission to put
>>>>their
>>>>name on the pin, could you link it to their page in the album civum?
>>>
>>>There is a major rewrite of all the Album Civium underway, to use a new
>>>authentication system and application framework I've been working on for
>>>a few months.
>>>
>>>Once that's done, there will be more options available when you edit your
>>>profile. Among these will be options for telling the system how much
>>>privacy
>>>you want, and this selection will have the effect you describe.
>>>
>>>I could also provide a way to enter latitude/longitude manually. That
>>>way,
>>>people in a country where the data is not available in bulk (or where we
>>>haven't had time to import it yet) could look it up themselves using
>>>whatever tools are available, and enter it manually.
>>>
>>>Vale, O.
>>>
>>>--
>>>hucke@...
>>>http://www.graveyards.com
>>>
>>>"What is the difference? What indeed is the point? ...The
>>>clarity is devastating. But where is the ambiguity? It's
>>>over there, in a box." -- J. Cleese
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>Yahoo! Groups Links
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Yahoo! Groups Links
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>
>

Salvete Pauline et Pontoni,

Thank you both for the reading list - I'm always pleased to be introduced to
new books.

Optime valete,

Placidia
Dum spiro, spero et spero meliora



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salvete omnes!

I am honored to once again be presenting the Certamen Historicum. As Iulius Sabinus has noted, the Ludi Romani certamen will cover a range of topics, including our own (Nova Roman) history. You need not be either historian or scholar to compete and win this contest, and I speak from personal experience. If you can use Google to find information, you can win. And everyone can compete--not only citizens.

If a history quiz does not appeal to you, I suggest you check out the rest of the Ludi Romani offerings--there is something for everyone!

http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/participatelr.htm

I'm especially hoping to acquire a few Roman recipes from the recipe contest, as I don't know of any at the moment. Surely not all food dishes involved dormice?

Honor Iuppiter Optimus Maximus and take part in the games! It's fun, sometimes educational, and is in the spirit and tradition of ancient Rome.

Valete bene,
Artoria Marcella





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve Artoria Marcella!

I look forward to participating in the Certamen. The Ludi Megalenses was
extremely enjoyable and I cannot wait to see what you have cooked up for us.

Speaking of cooking up...I, being an advocate of good food, also hope that
the good citizens of Nova Roma can come up with some great Roman recipes for
all of us to try out, hopefully completely devoid of "Hadrian Hamburgers",
"Servillian Spaghetti", "Pompeian Pizza" and of course...the "Caesar Salad"
;)

Vale,

Lucius Cassius Pontonius

----- Original Message -----
From: "Tita Artoria Marcella" <icehunter@...>
To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>; <newroman@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Sunday, September 03, 2006 11:54 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Ludi Romani: The Certamen Historicum


> Salvete omnes!
>
> I am honored to once again be presenting the Certamen Historicum. As
> Iulius Sabinus has noted, the Ludi Romani certamen will cover a range of
> topics, including our own (Nova Roman) history. You need not be either
> historian or scholar to compete and win this contest, and I speak from
> personal experience. If you can use Google to find information, you can
> win. And everyone can compete--not only citizens.
>
> If a history quiz does not appeal to you, I suggest you check out the rest
> of the Ludi Romani offerings--there is something for everyone!
>
> http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/participatelr.htm
>
> I'm especially hoping to acquire a few Roman recipes from the recipe
> contest, as I don't know of any at the moment. Surely not all food dishes
> involved dormice?
>
> Honor Iuppiter Optimus Maximus and take part in the games! It's fun,
> sometimes educational, and is in the spirit and tradition of ancient Rome.
>
> Valete bene,
> Artoria Marcella
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>

Salve,

Unfortunately, this comment :

"Today people would be living longer and society would be far more
advanced. There would not have been a 1,000-year gap between the
fall of Rome and the Renaissance.'"

This an old fashion of History - overpassed for gods´ sake - that Middle
Ages was a ´dark´ time, without any scientifical and cultural advance.

Middle Ages is full of develepments and it is one of the richest periods.
Glasses, Beans, Estribo, ´roundness´ of the Earth, Aristoteles´ Coments,
steel... all on Middle Ages...

Alas, it is also an Europecentric view. Indeed Europe was in the mud, but
not East...

It is a pity the Renaissance sold us this view. I´d think... if without all
benefits from the Middle Ages, there wouldn´t have Renaissance itself.

Alas, even Middle Ages had it´s golden Renaissance during XII century.

Vale,
L. Arminius Faustus


2006/9/3, KECTAM@... <KECTAM@...>:

>
> Salvete Pauline et Pontoni,
>
> Thank you both for the reading list - I'm always pleased to be
> introduced to
> new books.
>
> Optime valete,
>
> Placidia
> Dum spiro, spero et spero meliora
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve,

The biggest problem of all these certamens are the language. Writting in a
non-native language is hard, but for email is OK.

However, writting an extensive text as required in some certamens, and even
- a research - that needs scientifical accuracy and good style... specially
knowing you will be judged with native speakers - it is a most difficult
mission.

That ´s why all ´write an article´ kind of certamen doesn´t have much
participation.

Vale,
L. Arminius Faustus


2006/9/4, Michael Ponte <superponte@...>:

>
> Salve Artoria Marcella!
>
> I look forward to participating in the Certamen. The Ludi Megalenses was
> extremely enjoyable and I cannot wait to see what you have cooked up for
> us.
>
> Speaking of cooking up...I, being an advocate of good food, also hope
> that
> the good citizens of Nova Roma can come up with some great Roman recipes
> for
> all of us to try out, hopefully completely devoid of "Hadrian Hamburgers",
> "Servillian Spaghetti", "Pompeian Pizza" and of course...the "Caesar
> Salad"
> ;)
>
> Vale,
>
> Lucius Cassius Pontonius
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Tita Artoria Marcella" <icehunter@...>
> To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>; <newroman@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Sunday, September 03, 2006 11:54 PM
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] Ludi Romani: The Certamen Historicum
>
>
> > Salvete omnes!
> >
> > I am honored to once again be presenting the Certamen Historicum. As
> > Iulius Sabinus has noted, the Ludi Romani certamen will cover a range of
> > topics, including our own (Nova Roman) history. You need not be either
> > historian or scholar to compete and win this contest, and I speak from
> > personal experience. If you can use Google to find information, you can
> > win. And everyone can compete--not only citizens.
> >
> > If a history quiz does not appeal to you, I suggest you check out the
> rest
> > of the Ludi Romani offerings--there is something for everyone!
> >
> > http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/participatelr.htm
> >
> > I'm especially hoping to acquire a few Roman recipes from the recipe
> > contest, as I don't know of any at the moment. Surely not all food
> dishes
> > involved dormice?
> >
> > Honor Iuppiter Optimus Maximus and take part in the games! It's fun,
> > sometimes educational, and is in the spirit and tradition of ancient
> Rome.
> >
> > Valete bene,
> > Artoria Marcella
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > Yahoo! Groups Links
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salvete omnes!

I've been a member of this list for some time, so I appologize for
lurking. My name is Appius Equitius Cantor, and I've been a citizen
of Nova Roma for the past few months. Just recently got some time in
my busy schedule to announce my presence here. Heartfelt greetings
to all, and I look forward to taking as active a part as I can in
Nova Roma and its activities.

Now, a question: is there any historical synchretic connection
between Roman and Germanic paganism? As an example, I myself -
because my heritage is predominately Germanic - have gotten into the
habit of addressing Jupiter as "Iupiter Votanus" in personal
devotion, though I would like to make sure that such a pairing would
be historically appropriate. Now, in my own research I've found that
Odin/Wotan was equated by the Romans more with Mercury than with
Jupiter, though in the eyes of modern scholarship the latter
connection would be fairer, considering the roles of both deities.
Any opinions/advice on this matter would be appreciated.

Valete,

Cantor

SALVE ARMINI FAUSTE ET SALVETE OMNES !

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Lucius Arminius Faustus"
<lafaustus@...> wrote:

> The biggest problem of all these certamens are the language.

Writting in a non-native language is hard, but for email is OK.>>>

It's true. But not at all.

> However, writting an extensive text as required in some certamens,

and even - a research - that needs scientifical accuracy and good
style... specially knowing you will be judged with native speakers -
it is a most difficult mission.>>>

For that, from the last year, aediles and the aedilician cohors,
organized contests in any language with an international jurry. You
can see that at point 3 and point 6 of the november 2758 Cultural
Award:
http://www.cohorssullana.grafosystem.ro/rules.htm
and this year to the same kind of event :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/rules.htm
The results are :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/april7.htm

It was the Memmius Albucius ideea and I find it a great one.

> That ´s why all ´write an article´ kind of certamen doesn´t have

much participation.>>>

And the native speakers ? They are only members of the jurries ?

VALE BENE,
IVL SABINVS

>
> 2006/9/4, Michael Ponte <superponte@...>:
> >
> > Salve Artoria Marcella!
> >
> > I look forward to participating in the Certamen. The Ludi

Megalenses was

> > extremely enjoyable and I cannot wait to see what you have

cooked up for

> > us.
> >
> > Speaking of cooking up...I, being an advocate of good food,

also hope

> > that
> > the good citizens of Nova Roma can come up with some great Roman

recipes

> > for
> > all of us to try out, hopefully completely devoid of "Hadrian

Hamburgers",

> > "Servillian Spaghetti", "Pompeian Pizza" and of

course...the "Caesar

> > Salad"
> > ;)
> >
> > Vale,
> >
> > Lucius Cassius Pontonius
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: "Tita Artoria Marcella" <icehunter@...>
> > To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>; <newroman@yahoogroups.com>
> > Sent: Sunday, September 03, 2006 11:54 PM
> > Subject: [Nova-Roma] Ludi Romani: The Certamen Historicum
> >
> >
> > > Salvete omnes!
> > >
> > > I am honored to once again be presenting the Certamen

Historicum. As

> > > Iulius Sabinus has noted, the Ludi Romani certamen will cover

a range of

> > > topics, including our own (Nova Roman) history. You need not

be either

> > > historian or scholar to compete and win this contest, and I

speak from

> > > personal experience. If you can use Google to find

information, you can

> > > win. And everyone can compete--not only citizens.
> > >
> > > If a history quiz does not appeal to you, I suggest you check

out the

> > rest
> > > of the Ludi Romani offerings--there is something for everyone!
> > >
> > > http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/participatelr.htm
> > >
> > > I'm especially hoping to acquire a few Roman recipes from the

recipe

> > > contest, as I don't know of any at the moment. Surely not all

food

> > dishes
> > > involved dormice?
> > >
> > > Honor Iuppiter Optimus Maximus and take part in the games!

It's fun,

> > > sometimes educational, and is in the spirit and tradition of

ancient

> > Rome.
> > >
> > > Valete bene,
> > > Artoria Marcella
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > Yahoo! Groups Links
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > Yahoo! Groups Links
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

SALVE EQUITI CANTOR !

You are welcome.
Someone will reply to your question but a lot are in the roman
religion group :
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ReligioRomana/

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Peter Graef-Luckett (APP.
EQVITIVS CANTOR)" <pigammalambda@...> wrote:

>
> Salvete omnes!
>
> I've been a member of this list for some time, so I appologize for
> lurking. My name is Appius Equitius Cantor, and I've been a

citizen

> of Nova Roma for the past few months. Just recently got some time

in

> my busy schedule to announce my presence here. Heartfelt

greetings

> to all, and I look forward to taking as active a part as I can in
> Nova Roma and its activities.
>
> Now, a question: is there any historical synchretic connection
> between Roman and Germanic paganism? As an example, I myself -
> because my heritage is predominately Germanic - have gotten into

the

> habit of addressing Jupiter as "Iupiter Votanus" in personal
> devotion, though I would like to make sure that such a pairing

would

> be historically appropriate. Now, in my own research I've found

that

> Odin/Wotan was equated by the Romans more with Mercury than with
> Jupiter, though in the eyes of modern scholarship the latter
> connection would be fairer, considering the roles of both

deities.

> Any opinions/advice on this matter would be appreciated.
>
> Valete,
>
> Cantor
>

Salvete omnes

Hodie Civis Romanus sum.

I send my best wishes to all fellow citizens and look forward to the future with eager anticipation.

Valete optime

Crispus

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

SALVETE QUIRITES !

We still accept your subscriptions for a few hours.
Visit the Ludi Romani rules and participate pages :

http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/ruleslr.htm
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/participatelr.htm

Is not too late to send your options.

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS

SALVETE QUIRITES !

From this momment you can vote for your favourite gladiator or animal.
The vote period will end at September 5th at 24.00 the Rome time.

Munera Gladiatoria :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/ludi/vote_gladiatoria.php

Venationes :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/ludi/vote_venationes.php

The peoples votes can add one point in fights.

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS

Avete, cives!
I have just read the general and personal reports about Conventus. Reaaly
cool!
Cordus knows why I wasn't there. I'm deeply sorry!
I hope to be present in next edition.

Valete optime,
Alecto

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salvete omnes,

I just heard on the news today that Steve Irwin who many of us know
as the "Crocodile Hunter" was killed by a stingray yesterday.
My respect goes out to him and he certainly had the heart of a Roman
gladiator but like the gladiators of old he sure diced with death a
lot and many people always stated his days were numbered.
Nevertheless I learned much from his shows and admired his courage
in handling creatures that most of us would not approach with a 30
foot pole.
Hail to Steve Irwin and may he continue great fufillment in the next
life. Here are the latest details on the net:

Welcome to The Age. Skip directly to: Search Box, Section
Navigation, Content. Text Version.

NEWS | MYCAREER | DOMAIN | DRIVE | FINANCE | MOBILE | RSVP | STAYZ
member centre | login | register

www.theage.com.auHome » National » Article
Crikey, can the Crocodile Hunter really be gone?
Email Print Normal font Large font Farah Farouque
September 5, 2006
Page 1 of 2 | Single page
Latest related coverage
The croc star who outshone Dundee
End would have been agony
High praise for Irwin's varied virtues
VIDEO Stingray behaviour
YOUR SAY Leave a tribute
MAP The location
VIDEO Crocodile Man dies
GALLERY Steve Irwin: Life and Times
Advertisement
AdvertisementHE MADE a career toying with some of the most
aggressive and deadly animals on the planet. But what killed Steve
Irwin in the end was quite unexpected, a freakishly unlucky accident
involving a creature more prone to timidity than aggression.

Shock and disbelief, across Australia and around the world, greeted
news of Irwin's death yesterday morning on a filming expedition off
the coast of north Queensland.

Irwin, 44, the khaki-clad Queensland zoo keeper who achieved
international celebrity in his television role as the Crocodile
Hunter, was being filmed when he was fatally pierced in the chest by
a stingray barb at Batt Reef, off Port Douglas.

He had been in the area making a documentary, Ocean's Deadliest, and
had taken a few hours out to film some innocuous reef footage for a
documentary to be aired by his daughter when the accident occurred.

His American-born wife, Terri, learned of his death while on a
holiday with their two children, Bindi and Bob, on Tasmania's Cradle
Mountain.

As they boarded a private plane home last night, the young family
were a plaintive tableaux of grief; toddler Bob was clutching a pink
pig for comfort.

A helicopter was rushed in after the accident but nothing more could
be done. Ed O'Loughlin, the attending doctor, said Irwin seemed to
have suffered a form of cardiac arrest . "He had a penetrating
injury to the left front of his chest". Death occurred shortly after
11am.

Professional diver Pete West, who was onboard a nearby boat, said he
believed Irwin was alive when we was pulled from the sea. "He was
filming a stingray and the stingray turned on him and put the barb
into his chest," Mr West told Channel Seven. "We raised the alarm
while they took him back to his own boat."

Fellow documentary maker Ben Cropp confirmed last night that footage
was taken showing Irwin swimming alongside a bullray in less than
two metres of water while a cameraman swam in front. Mr Cropp had
not seen the footage, but had spoken to a friend on Irwin's vessel,
Croc One. "He probably got too close. "Do I think he was
irresponsible? No, he was unlucky. I know because I've done it
myself, but in my case the ray missed me."

Stingray deaths are rare — just three confirmed in the past 68 years
in Australia.

Tributes flowed all afternoon and into the evening, from Prime
Minister John Howard to fellow naturalist David Bellamy, for an
Australian who talked Strine like no other contemporary personality.

Talkback radio and websites were jammed as fans expressed their
sorrow at the passing of the super-exuberant naturalist. The Age
website had received more than 600 tributes by last night.

"I am gutted," wrote one online mourner. "Steve will always be a
true Australian hero in my books."

But just as Irwin thrilled his audience with daring stunts involving
snakes, crocs and other wildlife, he could divide and even repel the
public, too.

In 2004, he attracted international odium when footage appeared of
him holding Bob, then one month old, within metres of a crocodile at
his zoo at Beerwah, 70 kilometres north of Brisbane.

Irwin was probably better known overseas, especially in the United
States, than at home.

An enthusiastic publicity seeker, he promoted eight-year-old Bindi
as the star of her own 26-episode show for the Discovery Channel's
Animal Planet Network. Irwin was a star for the network in more than
100 countries.

His 2002 film The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course grossed $42
million.

He was also a regular on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and his TV
shows were a staple of American pay TV.

Irwin's love of flora and fauna was a genuine passion that he
cultivated from his early days in primary school in Melbourne.

Irwin and his parents moved when he was a boy to north Queensland,
where they developed the family zoo, and he also lived on the
premises with his young family.

A former classmate from Essendon Primary School said Irwin spent
much of his early Melbourne years near local creeks catching insects
and reptiles.

The former student recalled Irwin as "a very likeable" guy who
brought reptiles and snakes for show and tell. "He'd bring them into
class when everyone would run a million miles away from them," the
schoolfriend said.

"I was never surprised about where he ended up. He was a natural
with animals, he showed no fear and it obviously carried through his
whole life."

Irwin forged close ties to Coalition politicians and despite his tag
as the Crocodile Hunter, this year he successfully lobbied Canberra
to block an attempt to revive controlled crocodile hunting in the
Northern Territory.

Among his powerful friends was the Prime Minister, who once invited
Irwin to the Lodge for a barbecue with US President George Bush.

"I am quite shocked and distressed at Steve Irwin's sudden, untimely
and freakish death," Mr Howard said yesterday.

"He was the genuine article Â… he brought immense joy to millions of
people."

His manager John Stainton said Irwin had been brimming with ideas
for new projects.

"We had just signed a deal with Warner Brothers and IMAX in America
to make a huge IMAX movie in February-March next year, which would
have Steve in 3D and would have been a huge project."

With STEPHEN MOYNIHAN and AGENCIES


Regards,

QSP

SALVETE !

I saw to the news, too. Indeed sad news. The stingrey sting is not
lethal but in his case it was right in his heart. What a strange
fate.

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
(Michael Kelly)" <mjk@...> wrote:

>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> I just heard on the news today that Steve Irwin who many of us

know

> as the "Crocodile Hunter" was killed by a stingray yesterday.
> My respect goes out to him and he certainly had the heart of a

Roman

> gladiator but like the gladiators of old he sure diced with death

a

> lot and many people always stated his days were numbered.
> Nevertheless I learned much from his shows and admired his courage
> in handling creatures that most of us would not approach with a 30
> foot pole.
> Hail to Steve Irwin and may he continue great fufillment in the

next

> life. Here are the latest details on the net:
>
> Welcome to The Age. Skip directly to: Search Box, Section
> Navigation, Content. Text Version.
>
> NEWS | MYCAREER | DOMAIN | DRIVE | FINANCE | MOBILE | RSVP |

STAYZ

> member centre | login | register
>
> www.theage.com.auHome » National » Article
> Crikey, can the Crocodile Hunter really be gone?
> Email Print Normal font Large font Farah Farouque
> September 5, 2006
> Page 1 of 2 | Single page
> Latest related coverage
> The croc star who outshone Dundee
> End would have been agony
> High praise for Irwin's varied virtues
> VIDEO Stingray behaviour
> YOUR SAY Leave a tribute
> MAP The location
> VIDEO Crocodile Man dies
> GALLERY Steve Irwin: Life and Times
> Advertisement
> AdvertisementHE MADE a career toying with some of the most
> aggressive and deadly animals on the planet. But what killed Steve
> Irwin in the end was quite unexpected, a freakishly unlucky

accident

> involving a creature more prone to timidity than aggression.
>
> Shock and disbelief, across Australia and around the world,

greeted

> news of Irwin's death yesterday morning on a filming expedition

off

> the coast of north Queensland.
>
> Irwin, 44, the khaki-clad Queensland zoo keeper who achieved
> international celebrity in his television role as the Crocodile
> Hunter, was being filmed when he was fatally pierced in the chest

by

> a stingray barb at Batt Reef, off Port Douglas.
>
> He had been in the area making a documentary, Ocean's Deadliest,

and

> had taken a few hours out to film some innocuous reef footage for

a

> documentary to be aired by his daughter when the accident occurred.
>
> His American-born wife, Terri, learned of his death while on a
> holiday with their two children, Bindi and Bob, on Tasmania's

Cradle

> Mountain.
>
> As they boarded a private plane home last night, the young family
> were a plaintive tableaux of grief; toddler Bob was clutching a

pink

> pig for comfort.
>
> A helicopter was rushed in after the accident but nothing more

could

> be done. Ed O'Loughlin, the attending doctor, said Irwin seemed to
> have suffered a form of cardiac arrest . "He had a penetrating
> injury to the left front of his chest". Death occurred shortly

after

> 11am.
>
> Professional diver Pete West, who was onboard a nearby boat, said

he

> believed Irwin was alive when we was pulled from the sea. "He was
> filming a stingray and the stingray turned on him and put the barb
> into his chest," Mr West told Channel Seven. "We raised the alarm
> while they took him back to his own boat."
>
> Fellow documentary maker Ben Cropp confirmed last night that

footage

> was taken showing Irwin swimming alongside a bullray in less than
> two metres of water while a cameraman swam in front. Mr Cropp had
> not seen the footage, but had spoken to a friend on Irwin's

vessel,

> Croc One. "He probably got too close. "Do I think he was
> irresponsible? No, he was unlucky. I know because I've done it
> myself, but in my case the ray missed me."
>
> Stingray deaths are rare — just three confirmed in the past 68

years

> in Australia.
>
> Tributes flowed all afternoon and into the evening, from Prime
> Minister John Howard to fellow naturalist David Bellamy, for an
> Australian who talked Strine like no other contemporary

personality.

>
> Talkback radio and websites were jammed as fans expressed their
> sorrow at the passing of the super-exuberant naturalist. The Age
> website had received more than 600 tributes by last night.
>
> "I am gutted," wrote one online mourner. "Steve will always be a
> true Australian hero in my books."
>
> But just as Irwin thrilled his audience with daring stunts

involving

> snakes, crocs and other wildlife, he could divide and even repel

the

> public, too.
>
> In 2004, he attracted international odium when footage appeared of
> him holding Bob, then one month old, within metres of a crocodile

at

> his zoo at Beerwah, 70 kilometres north of Brisbane.
>
> Irwin was probably better known overseas, especially in the United
> States, than at home.
>
> An enthusiastic publicity seeker, he promoted eight-year-old Bindi
> as the star of her own 26-episode show for the Discovery Channel's
> Animal Planet Network. Irwin was a star for the network in more

than

> 100 countries.
>
> His 2002 film The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course grossed $42
> million.
>
> He was also a regular on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and his TV
> shows were a staple of American pay TV.
>
> Irwin's love of flora and fauna was a genuine passion that he
> cultivated from his early days in primary school in Melbourne.
>
> Irwin and his parents moved when he was a boy to north Queensland,
> where they developed the family zoo, and he also lived on the
> premises with his young family.
>
> A former classmate from Essendon Primary School said Irwin spent
> much of his early Melbourne years near local creeks catching

insects

> and reptiles.
>
> The former student recalled Irwin as "a very likeable" guy who
> brought reptiles and snakes for show and tell. "He'd bring them

into

> class when everyone would run a million miles away from them," the
> schoolfriend said.
>
> "I was never surprised about where he ended up. He was a natural
> with animals, he showed no fear and it obviously carried through

his

> whole life."
>
> Irwin forged close ties to Coalition politicians and despite his

tag

> as the Crocodile Hunter, this year he successfully lobbied

Canberra

> to block an attempt to revive controlled crocodile hunting in the
> Northern Territory.
>
> Among his powerful friends was the Prime Minister, who once

invited

> Irwin to the Lodge for a barbecue with US President George Bush.
>
> "I am quite shocked and distressed at Steve Irwin's sudden,

untimely

> and freakish death," Mr Howard said yesterday.
>
> "He was the genuine article Â… he brought immense joy to millions

of

> people."
>
> His manager John Stainton said Irwin had been brimming with ideas
> for new projects.
>
> "We had just signed a deal with Warner Brothers and IMAX in

America

> to make a huge IMAX movie in February-March next year, which would
> have Steve in 3D and would have been a huge project."
>
> With STEPHEN MOYNIHAN and AGENCIES
>
>
> Regards,
>
> QSP
>

Salvete omnes;

Though you have to admit: one way or the other, a lot of people saw
it coming. Still, he will be missed. May the Gods receive his soul.

Valete,
Cantor

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Titus Iulius Sabinus"
<iulius_sabinus@...> wrote:

>
> SALVETE !
>
> I saw to the news, too. Indeed sad news. The stingrey sting is not
> lethal but in his case it was right in his heart. What a strange
> fate.
>
> VALETE,
> IVL SABINVS
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
> (Michael Kelly)" <mjk@> wrote:
> >
> > Salvete omnes,
> >
> > I just heard on the news today that Steve Irwin who many of us
> know
> > as the "Crocodile Hunter" was killed by a stingray yesterday.
> > My respect goes out to him and he certainly had the heart of a
> Roman
> > gladiator but like the gladiators of old he sure diced with death
> a
> > lot and many people always stated his days were numbered.
> > Nevertheless I learned much from his shows and admired his

courage

> > in handling creatures that most of us would not approach with a

30

> > foot pole.
> > Hail to Steve Irwin and may he continue great fufillment in the
> next
> > life. Here are the latest details on the net:
> >
> > Welcome to The Age. Skip directly to: Search Box, Section
> > Navigation, Content. Text Version.
> >
> > NEWS | MYCAREER | DOMAIN | DRIVE | FINANCE | MOBILE | RSVP |
> STAYZ
> > member centre | login | register
> >
> > www.theage.com.auHome » National » Article
> > Crikey, can the Crocodile Hunter really be gone?
> > Email Print Normal font Large font Farah Farouque
> > September 5, 2006
> > Page 1 of 2 | Single page
> > Latest related coverage
> > The croc star who outshone Dundee
> > End would have been agony
> > High praise for Irwin's varied virtues
> > VIDEO Stingray behaviour
> > YOUR SAY Leave a tribute
> > MAP The location
> > VIDEO Crocodile Man dies
> > GALLERY Steve Irwin: Life and Times
> > Advertisement
> > AdvertisementHE MADE a career toying with some of the most
> > aggressive and deadly animals on the planet. But what killed

Steve

> > Irwin in the end was quite unexpected, a freakishly unlucky
> accident
> > involving a creature more prone to timidity than aggression.
> >
> > Shock and disbelief, across Australia and around the world,
> greeted
> > news of Irwin's death yesterday morning on a filming expedition
> off
> > the coast of north Queensland.
> >
> > Irwin, 44, the khaki-clad Queensland zoo keeper who achieved
> > international celebrity in his television role as the Crocodile
> > Hunter, was being filmed when he was fatally pierced in the chest
> by
> > a stingray barb at Batt Reef, off Port Douglas.
> >
> > He had been in the area making a documentary, Ocean's Deadliest,
> and
> > had taken a few hours out to film some innocuous reef footage for
> a
> > documentary to be aired by his daughter when the accident

occurred.

> >
> > His American-born wife, Terri, learned of his death while on a
> > holiday with their two children, Bindi and Bob, on Tasmania's
> Cradle
> > Mountain.
> >
> > As they boarded a private plane home last night, the young family
> > were a plaintive tableaux of grief; toddler Bob was clutching a
> pink
> > pig for comfort.
> >
> > A helicopter was rushed in after the accident but nothing more
> could
> > be done. Ed O'Loughlin, the attending doctor, said Irwin seemed

to

> > have suffered a form of cardiac arrest . "He had a penetrating
> > injury to the left front of his chest". Death occurred shortly
> after
> > 11am.
> >
> > Professional diver Pete West, who was onboard a nearby boat, said
> he
> > believed Irwin was alive when we was pulled from the sea. "He was
> > filming a stingray and the stingray turned on him and put the

barb

> > into his chest," Mr West told Channel Seven. "We raised the alarm
> > while they took him back to his own boat."
> >
> > Fellow documentary maker Ben Cropp confirmed last night that
> footage
> > was taken showing Irwin swimming alongside a bullray in less than
> > two metres of water while a cameraman swam in front. Mr Cropp had
> > not seen the footage, but had spoken to a friend on Irwin's
> vessel,
> > Croc One. "He probably got too close. "Do I think he was
> > irresponsible? No, he was unlucky. I know because I've done it
> > myself, but in my case the ray missed me."
> >
> > Stingray deaths are rare — just three confirmed in the past 68
> years
> > in Australia.
> >
> > Tributes flowed all afternoon and into the evening, from Prime
> > Minister John Howard to fellow naturalist David Bellamy, for an
> > Australian who talked Strine like no other contemporary
> personality.
> >
> > Talkback radio and websites were jammed as fans expressed their
> > sorrow at the passing of the super-exuberant naturalist. The Age
> > website had received more than 600 tributes by last night.
> >
> > "I am gutted," wrote one online mourner. "Steve will always be a
> > true Australian hero in my books."
> >
> > But just as Irwin thrilled his audience with daring stunts
> involving
> > snakes, crocs and other wildlife, he could divide and even repel
> the
> > public, too.
> >
> > In 2004, he attracted international odium when footage appeared

of

> > him holding Bob, then one month old, within metres of a crocodile
> at
> > his zoo at Beerwah, 70 kilometres north of Brisbane.
> >
> > Irwin was probably better known overseas, especially in the

United

> > States, than at home.
> >
> > An enthusiastic publicity seeker, he promoted eight-year-old

Bindi

> > as the star of her own 26-episode show for the Discovery

Channel's

> > Animal Planet Network. Irwin was a star for the network in more
> than
> > 100 countries.
> >
> > His 2002 film The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course grossed $42
> > million.
> >
> > He was also a regular on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and his

TV

> > shows were a staple of American pay TV.
> >
> > Irwin's love of flora and fauna was a genuine passion that he
> > cultivated from his early days in primary school in Melbourne.
> >
> > Irwin and his parents moved when he was a boy to north

Queensland,

> > where they developed the family zoo, and he also lived on the
> > premises with his young family.
> >
> > A former classmate from Essendon Primary School said Irwin spent
> > much of his early Melbourne years near local creeks catching
> insects
> > and reptiles.
> >
> > The former student recalled Irwin as "a very likeable" guy who
> > brought reptiles and snakes for show and tell. "He'd bring them
> into
> > class when everyone would run a million miles away from them,"

the

> > schoolfriend said.
> >
> > "I was never surprised about where he ended up. He was a natural
> > with animals, he showed no fear and it obviously carried through
> his
> > whole life."
> >
> > Irwin forged close ties to Coalition politicians and despite his
> tag
> > as the Crocodile Hunter, this year he successfully lobbied
> Canberra
> > to block an attempt to revive controlled crocodile hunting in the
> > Northern Territory.
> >
> > Among his powerful friends was the Prime Minister, who once
> invited
> > Irwin to the Lodge for a barbecue with US President George Bush.
> >
> > "I am quite shocked and distressed at Steve Irwin's sudden,
> untimely
> > and freakish death," Mr Howard said yesterday.
> >
> > "He was the genuine article Â… he brought immense joy to millions
> of
> > people."
> >
> > His manager John Stainton said Irwin had been brimming with ideas
> > for new projects.
> >
> > "We had just signed a deal with Warner Brothers and IMAX in
> America
> > to make a huge IMAX movie in February-March next year, which

would

> > have Steve in 3D and would have been a huge project."
> >
> > With STEPHEN MOYNIHAN and AGENCIES
> >
> >
> > Regards,
> >
> > QSP
> >
>

F. Galerius Aurelianus Flamen Cerealis S.P.D.

Wotan/Odin was equated to Mercurius because the Germanic Norse god was not a
god of war as much as a magician, trickster, bard, and patron of certain
arts. Iuppiter was equated with a number of other gods such as Taranis because
of the sphere of lightning, thunder, and storms. Much of the Romans views on
the gods of the Germans can be found in the Germania. The Greeks who knew
the Scythians and Sarmatians said that the chief god was Mars who was known to
those Indo-Europeans as Tyr. Tyr was the old Sky Father of the
Indo-Europeans and was also equated to Shiva in the Hindu faith that developed following
the eradication of the Harappan cultures in the Indus Valley following the
Aryan invasions in that sub-continent.
Syncretism worked both ways in that not only did the Romans subsume German
and Celtic gods to their own but those cultures also subsumed Roman gods to
their own, ascribing attributes and aspects that may not have been common in the
Roman use. For instance, one of the horned gods venerated by boatmen on
the river we call the Seine was associated with Vulcanis. The reason for this
is unknown but it is based on the discovery of a single altar located in the
vicinity of Paris. Many of the associations between gods is limited to a
single altar found somewhere in the Roman world or just beyond its borders.
In the period of the Principate, the gods of Rome's enemies became common
such as Mithras who originated one of the greatest "angels" of the pantheon of
Zoroastrianism or Madzaism.
Vadite in pace Cereris.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Valetudo quod fortuna omnes;

I always thought Mr. Irwin a little odd, but had an immense liking for
him, and his passion for the animals with which he worked.

I truly hope that The Holy Ones will smile on him and that Those Who
Judge give him entry to the Elysian Fields of his beliefs.

=========================================
In amicitia quod fides -
Stephanus Ullerius Venator Piperbarbus
Civis, Patrician, Paterfamilias et Lictor

Religio Septentrionalis - Poet

Dominus Sodalitas Coquuorum et Cerevisiae Coctorum
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Sodalis_Coq_et_Coq/

http://anheathenreader.blogspot.com/
http://www.catamount-grange-hearth.org/
http://www.cafepress.com/catamountgrange
--
May the Holy Powers smile on our efforts.
May the Spirits of our family lines nod in approval.
May we be of Worth to our fellow Nova Romans.

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Peter Graef-Luckett (APP. EQVITIVS
CANTOR)" <pigammalambda@...> wrote:

> Now, a question: is there any historical synchretic connection
> between Roman and Germanic paganism? As an example, I myself -
> because my heritage is predominately Germanic - have gotten into the
> habit of addressing Jupiter as "Iupiter Votanus" in personal
> devotion, though I would like to make sure that such a pairing would
> be historically appropriate.

Waes Hal!

I practice Germanic Paganism predominantly, and my heritage from my
mother's side is Northern European. I am a writer on the topic, and
the Godman/Redesman of a small kindred in Northern LA. My suggestion
to you is to practice the two faiths apart- do your blots and fainings
for the Gods of our Northern Ancestors at different times and in
different places from the rites of the Religio Romana. I feel that the
cultural "purity" (such that it is) is maintained for both, both are
respected, and the unique states of mind and spirit created by both
are allowed to operate strongest in you by so doing.

I have no trouble telling you that I believe in one family of Gods,
ultimately. The Romans seem to agree with me- they had no trouble
seeing their own Gods among the Gods of non-Roman people. I believe in
"The Gods", and think that the Gods operated among different branches
of the Indo-European family in different ways. The real struggle is to
determine, as best you can, "who was who". Yes, the Romans believed
that the Allfather was akin to the God they called Mercury- who is to
say that the Allfather didn't interact with our southern cousins under
the Guise of Mercury?

The reason why they associated him with Mercury is because Mercury
(like Hermes) was a psychopomp- a guide of souls, and a master of
trickery. Odin/Woden was likewise a god of the dead, a guide, and a
very, very cunning and tricky figure. Odin was also the god of the
occult, and interestingly, the great metaphysical traditions that
survive to us from the classical world are to this day call
"Hermetic"- the Arts of Hermes.

Hermes was syncretized with Thoth- the God of the Word; Hermes was the
God who was the Messenger of the Gods- a God of the Word and
Communication. Thoth "spoke" the Cosmos into shape, using the power of
the Word- and no concept is more powerful in Germanic paganism than
the idea that spoken Words have the power to shape reality. Odin won
the "Runes", the great mysteries themselves, which are an alphabet
from which words are created, words and Rune-formulas of great power.

The "word" is the key to sorcery. There are many reasons to associate
the Great Allfather with Mercury. I believe the "Divine Activity" that
our Northern Ancestors encapsulated with the name of Odin was the same
one that the southerners encapsulated with the name of Mercury- the
divine power of shaping, of the word- and also, Odin was once the God
of merchants and people who travelled- he is still to this day called
the great "World Wanderer"- in his grey-cloaked form, he wanders all
the Nine Worlds, in search of knowledge. Mercury accompanied those who
travelled the roads and ways of the world.


As for the Role of the Allfather and Jupiter- here is where the
situation turns difficult to follow. Odin occupied the "chief"
position among the Northern Peoples, while in the south, the Thunder
God and the Sky Lord, Zeus or Jupiter did.

What you are seeing here is a simple (and huge) cultural difference
between the ancient Teutonic peoples and the ancient Romans and
Greeks. It wasn't always like this, either- originally, or so most
scholars think, the great lord TIWAZ or TIEWS or TYR was the supreme
God of our Northern Ancestors- surely you know who TIWS/TYR is. He is
still honored as the God of Right, Justice, and the Sky God today, in
our faith.

Well, he certainly WAS, originally, the supreme God of all Indo
European people, including our Northern Ancestors. His name reveals
this- TIWS or TIEWS or TIWAZ is cognate to DEUS, ZEUS, and ZYAUS. They
are, in fact, the same god, called by two different cultural
linguistic names. The name JUPITER is cognate to the Vedic
ZYAUS-PITER, or DEUS-PATER, if you want. It's another name for the
shining sky god, the supreme master of the heavens, the king of the
Gods, in the original Indo European pantheon, which was once held by
all Indo-Europeans, before they spread over the world and culturally
differentiated into the many cultures we know them from history as-
the Celts, the Greeks, the Romans, the Teutons, etc.

No one knows why, but at some point, the Sky God in the north gave way
to the God of Cunning and Sorcery, Odin. There was a cultural
"religious shift", in which the older chief God gave way to a new
"chief" God, Odin, who took his place mythologically. The southern
peoples never had this shift. No one can explain it. You must simply
accept it as a unique aspect of Germanic or Northern Cultures- perhaps
their cultural values changed at some point, and this was reflected in
politics and mythology, or perhaps (and this is possible) They always
saw Odin as the king of the cosmos BECAUSE of his magical power and
cunning. The point is, our northern ancestors believed that magical
force, sorcery, wisdom, and cunning was a greater power than raw might
or strength. What guides might and strength is greater than it, and a
warrior king can't compete for long with a king who is truly tricky
and who has sorcerous insight.

Either way, it is also true that the Continental Germans, in some
places, had Tiws as their chief God. The supremacy of Odin was a
matter of Scandinavia, mostly, and the Anglo-Saxons likewise (from the
continent) also seemed to have him as chief.


I hope that I've helped, Cousin.

Yours in the Volkerwanderung:

Taurinus

SALVETE QUIRITES !

According to the Official Calendar of NOVA ROMA festivals, from
September 5th to September 19th, LUDI ROMANI will be celebrated.
The celebration will be held in honour of Jupiter Optimus
Maximus.

We, T.Iulius Sabinus and C.Equitius Cato, Nova Roma Curule Aediles
hereby solemny declare LUDI ROMANI of the year 2759 a.U.c open !

Religious celebrations :
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/sept5.htm

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
(Michael Kelly)" <mjk@...> wrote:

>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> I just heard on the news today that Steve Irwin who many of us

know

> as the "Crocodile Hunter" was killed by a stingray yesterday.
> My respect goes out to him and he certainly had the heart of a

Roman

> gladiator but like the gladiators of old he sure diced with death

a

> lot and many people always stated his days were numbered.
> Nevertheless I learned much from his shows and admired his courage
> in handling creatures that most of us would not approach with a 30
> foot pole.
> Hail to Steve Irwin and may he continue great fufillment in the

next

> life. Here are the latest details on the net:
>
> Welcome to The Age. Skip directly to: Search Box, Section
> Navigation, Content. Text Version.
>
> NEWS | MYCAREER | DOMAIN | DRIVE | FINANCE | MOBILE | RSVP |

STAYZ

> member centre | login | register
>
> www.theage.com.auHome » National » Article
> Crikey, can the Crocodile Hunter really be gone?
> Email Print Normal font Large font Farah Farouque
> September 5, 2006
> Page 1 of 2 | Single page
> Latest related coverage
> The croc star who outshone Dundee
> End would have been agony
> High praise for Irwin's varied virtues
> VIDEO Stingray behaviour
> YOUR SAY Leave a tribute
> MAP The location
> VIDEO Crocodile Man dies
> GALLERY Steve Irwin: Life and Times
> Advertisement
> AdvertisementHE MADE a career toying with some of the most
> aggressive and deadly animals on the planet. But what killed Steve
> Irwin in the end was quite unexpected, a freakishly unlucky

accident

> involving a creature more prone to timidity than aggression.
>
> Shock and disbelief, across Australia and around the world,

greeted

> news of Irwin's death yesterday morning on a filming expedition

off

> the coast of north Queensland.
>
> Irwin, 44, the khaki-clad Queensland zoo keeper who achieved
> international celebrity in his television role as the Crocodile
> Hunter, was being filmed when he was fatally pierced in the chest

by

> a stingray barb at Batt Reef, off Port Douglas.
>
> He had been in the area making a documentary, Ocean's Deadliest,

and

> had taken a few hours out to film some innocuous reef footage for

a

> documentary to be aired by his daughter when the accident occurred.
>
> His American-born wife, Terri, learned of his death while on a
> holiday with their two children, Bindi and Bob, on Tasmania's

Cradle

> Mountain.
>
> As they boarded a private plane home last night, the young family
> were a plaintive tableaux of grief; toddler Bob was clutching a

pink

> pig for comfort.
>
> A helicopter was rushed in after the accident but nothing more

could

> be done. Ed O'Loughlin, the attending doctor, said Irwin seemed to
> have suffered a form of cardiac arrest . "He had a penetrating
> injury to the left front of his chest". Death occurred shortly

after

> 11am.
>
> Professional diver Pete West, who was onboard a nearby boat, said

he

> believed Irwin was alive when we was pulled from the sea. "He was
> filming a stingray and the stingray turned on him and put the barb
> into his chest," Mr West told Channel Seven. "We raised the alarm
> while they took him back to his own boat."
>
> Fellow documentary maker Ben Cropp confirmed last night that

footage

> was taken showing Irwin swimming alongside a bullray in less than
> two metres of water while a cameraman swam in front. Mr Cropp had
> not seen the footage, but had spoken to a friend on Irwin's

vessel,

> Croc One. "He probably got too close. "Do I think he was
> irresponsible? No, he was unlucky. I know because I've done it
> myself, but in my case the ray missed me."
>
> Stingray deaths are rare — just three confirmed in the past 68

years

> in Australia.
>
> Tributes flowed all afternoon and into the evening, from Prime
> Minister John Howard to fellow naturalist David Bellamy, for an
> Australian who talked Strine like no other contemporary

personality.

>
> Talkback radio and websites were jammed as fans expressed their
> sorrow at the passing of the super-exuberant naturalist. The Age
> website had received more than 600 tributes by last night.
>
> "I am gutted," wrote one online mourner. "Steve will always be a
> true Australian hero in my books."
>
> But just as Irwin thrilled his audience with daring stunts

involving

> snakes, crocs and other wildlife, he could divide and even repel

the

> public, too.
>
> In 2004, he attracted international odium when footage appeared of
> him holding Bob, then one month old, within metres of a crocodile

at

> his zoo at Beerwah, 70 kilometres north of Brisbane.
>
> Irwin was probably better known overseas, especially in the United
> States, than at home.
>
> An enthusiastic publicity seeker, he promoted eight-year-old Bindi
> as the star of her own 26-episode show for the Discovery Channel's
> Animal Planet Network. Irwin was a star for the network in more

than

> 100 countries.
>
> His 2002 film The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course grossed $42
> million.
>
> He was also a regular on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and his TV
> shows were a staple of American pay TV.
>
> Irwin's love of flora and fauna was a genuine passion that he
> cultivated from his early days in primary school in Melbourne.
>
> Irwin and his parents moved when he was a boy to north Queensland,
> where they developed the family zoo, and he also lived on the
> premises with his young family.
>
> A former classmate from Essendon Primary School said Irwin spent
> much of his early Melbourne years near local creeks catching

insects

> and reptiles.
>
> The former student recalled Irwin as "a very likeable" guy who
> brought reptiles and snakes for show and tell. "He'd bring them

into

> class when everyone would run a million miles away from them," the
> schoolfriend said.
>
> "I was never surprised about where he ended up. He was a natural
> with animals, he showed no fear and it obviously carried through

his

> whole life."
>
> Irwin forged close ties to Coalition politicians and despite his

tag

> as the Crocodile Hunter, this year he successfully lobbied

Canberra

> to block an attempt to revive controlled crocodile hunting in the
> Northern Territory.
>
> Among his powerful friends was the Prime Minister, who once

invited

> Irwin to the Lodge for a barbecue with US President George Bush.
>
> "I am quite shocked and distressed at Steve Irwin's sudden,

untimely

> and freakish death," Mr Howard said yesterday.
>
> "He was the genuine article Â… he brought immense joy to millions

of

> people."
>
> His manager John Stainton said Irwin had been brimming with ideas
> for new projects.
>
> "We had just signed a deal with Warner Brothers and IMAX in

America

> to make a huge IMAX movie in February-March next year, which would
> have Steve in 3D and would have been a huge project."
>
> With STEPHEN MOYNIHAN and AGENCIES
>
>
> Regards,
>
> QSP
>

Don't under estimare the awe he inspired in children; My 10yr old
son was in tears on hearing the news last night and 24 hours later,
after watching TV news with a vested interest for the first time, is
still low. His friends feel the same. We are antipodeans, so
possibly feel closer to the Irwin Family than northerners, (although
Terri is American). The man made the natural world very close, real
and alive for our techno generation children. In my rural New
Zealand community the children are united in their loss, a good
thing out of a terible tragedy. I wish we could send them all to
Australia Zoo to bid their farewells. They have all learned so much
from the Crocodile Hunter; maybe in their hands the old Gods and our
planet's future are safe,
Jupiter and Juno bless our kids.
Anne

Salvete omnes!

Some general information about the Ludi Romani and Roman festivals:

The Latin word ludus means "game," "play" (as opposed to work), or
"sport." The nominative plural of this word was also applied to
certain religious festivals that emphasized formal competitions and
performances, as opposed to feriae, religious holidays like the
Saturnalia and the Lupercalia, that did not. Ludi normally lasted
over a number of days (as did certain feriae like the Saturnalia),
with certain days devoted to various games, like chariot races,
gladiatorial contests and animal hunts in the amphitheater, dramatic
performances, military parades, and street entertainments. Public
banquets were a feature of both ludi and a holiday (feriae) like the
Saturnalia. In general, the ludi were more popular than feriae
because of the great variety of state-funded entertainments that were
available for all.

There were a number of regularly scheduled celebrations called ludi
throughout the year, dedicated to various gods like Iuppiter, Apollo,
Ceres, Flora, and Cybele, and some that were given spontaneously to
celebrate certain occasions, like a military victory or the birthday
of an emperor. The oldest of these games was the Ludi Romani ("Roman
Games") or Ludi Magni ("Great Games") dedicated to Iuppiter Optimus
Maximus ("Iuppiter the Best [and] Greatest"), Juno, and Minerva.
This trio of divinities is called the "Capitoline Triad" because
statues of all three divinities were housed in the temple of Jupiter
Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline hill.

Public entertainment was a very important aspect in Roman life, both
in the city and provinces. Juvenal went as far to say that all the
Roman public was interested in was "panem et circenses" (bread and
circuses). Originally the ludi started as religious festivals, but
over time the entertainment aspect grew to become more important than
the religious observances. Over the years more ludi were added
because of the great popularity with the Roman people. By 100 B.C.,
six games had been held. In total this numbered about forty-nine days
dedicated to games per year. Admission to the games was always free.

The three main types of entertainment venues at the ludi were the
circuses, the amphitheatres, and the theatre performances. All
performances were completely spectacular for their time and would
still be greatly impressive today. The Romans designed buildings
dedicated to entertainment that could hold thousands of people. These
buildings, athough in ruins today, still are spectacular monuments to
the glory of Rome.

Chariot racing was the oldest entertainment in Rome. It was also the
most popular venue by far. Chariot racing dated all the way back to
the monarchy and founding of Rome. The Greeks also held chariot races
and had a large influence on the Roman tradition. Chariot racing was
not the only event held in the circuses. Wrestling and gladiator
combats were also held in some cases, but chariot racing was the most
common. The races were a very organised business that could lead to
huge profits if successful. All competitors belonged to a faction. In
late imperial times, there were four chariot factions, the Blues, the
Whites, the Greens, and the Reds. The charioteers wore the colours of
their faction when racing. The competition between these factions was
fierce and often lead to violence. The factions most favoured by the
public were the Greens and Blues. Chariot racing was a very dangerious
occupation with most careers ending in death, although those who were
successful became celebrities and heroes.

The circus building itself was based on the Greek hippodrome. The
circus had seats for spectators around a "u" shaped arena. The racing
took place in the arena around a barrier (spina) in the middle, with
turning posts (metae) around each end. At one end of the arena were
the starting gates. From these gates up to twelve, four horse chariots
emerged. From here they proceeded right of the spina in a clockwise
direction around the arena. At the end of one end of the spina were
seven markers that indicated the lap. The race lasted for seven laps.
Other races also took place, such as two horse chariots, horse races,
and even foot races. The first circus built in Rome was the Circus
Maximus that was constructed during the monarchy. It was built
completely from wood. Later it was rebuilt at various times. The final
version could seat 250,000 people, it was build of stone and measured
400m in length and 90m in width. Various other stadia were built to
hold races and were very popular. Stadia were similar to circuses, but
had only one circular end and were half the size of the circus. They
also had only two turning posts without the physical barrier. Circuses
were mainly found in the west, and stadia in the east.

Amphitheatres were built to stage various types of violent
entertainment. The arena in Latin was called the harena or arena,
meaning sand. The arena was covered in sand to soak up the blood left
over from the various spectacles. The most popular events to take
place in the amphitheatres was gladiator combat. Gladiator combat
evolved from Etruscan funeral games which in Roman times were called
munera. The earliest known gladiator combat in Rome was in 264 BC. By
the late first century, these fights had lost all religious
importance. Gladiator training schools (scholae gladiatoriae), lead by
a trainer (lanista) were developed to supply the increasing demand for
gladiators. The men who usually became gladiators were convicted
criminals, slaves, and prisoners of war. It is also known that people
volunteered to become gladiators for a fee, even women were known to
fight in gladiatorial combats. Performances with fights with wild
animals were introduced in the early second century and instantly
became very popular. These battles often involved combat between men
and exotic animals, although, fights between animals were also common
and took place on staged sets. The men who took part in these fights
were called bestiarii and were convicted criminals, prisoners of war,
or paid fighters. It was common for fights with animals to take place
in the morning, and gladiator combats served as the grand finale in
the evening.

Unlike the other forms of entertainment, the ampitheater was
completely original to Rome. Amphitheatres were mostly popular in the
west, with few being found in the east except in areas of strong Greek
influence. Originally circuses served as the venue to watch staged
combat. It was not until 29BC when the first ampitheater was built
that staged combat had its own venue. Amphitheatres were oval
structures with sloping sides with seats for the spectators. In the
middle of the building was the arena where the actual combat took
place. Amphitheatre design was based on theatres, but soon developed
into very complex engineered structures with various condors,
staircases, trapdoors, and elevators. These all served the purpose to
make the spectators more comfortable, and the events more spectacular.
Because of the size of amphitheatres, they were often built on the
fringes of towns. Military forts also usually had amphitheatres for
training and performances of laudatios and awardings.

Roman theatres were greatly influenced by Greek theatron. They became
popular in Rome in the third century BC. During performances no women
were allowed on stage, actors wore masks to distinguish between
genders. The actors were often trained salves or freedmen, under the
direction of a manager. From the first century B.C., mimes became
popular: actors mimed to music and elaborate effects, similar to a
ballet. Unlike the earlier plays, tragedies and comedies, women were
allowed to take part in mimes. Originally in the third century B.C.,
plays were performed in wooden buildings or at the circus. The first
permanent theatre in Rome was built by Pompey in 55 B.C. The design of
Roman theatres was based on Greek design and were often built into a
hillside with a circular orchestra and low stage opposite the
auditorium. Most Roman theatres were free-standing structures, unlike
Greek theatres. It was common to have a colonnade gallery in the top
row of seats. There was also a masonry building behind their stage
that was unique to the Romans. This room behind the stage often had
many doorways for the actors to emerge and for the different effects
to be performed. The back of the stage was also often highly decorated
with columns and statues. In the front of the stage was a trench with
a curtain to be raised and lowered at the start and the end of a
performance. Smaller curtains were also on the stage itself, used to
distinguish between scenes. The orchestra sat in a flat space between
the stage and the auditorium. This space was also used as exclusive
boxes for officials such as senators, magistrates, and priests. Above
the stage was a wooden roof that served as as a sounding board. The
audience was protected from the elements by an awning supported by
ropes above the auditorium.

Another type of theatre that was common was the odeum. The odeum was a
specialised theatre for musical performances and recitations more
refined than those shown in common theatres. Odeums were more common
in the east than in the west and were of two types. The unroofed
design was a smaller version of the common theatre. The roofed design
was an enclosed square building with a roof. Any theatre with a roof
was called odeum.

Valete bene!

Cato

OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est Noniis Septembribus; haec dies nefastus publicus est.

Today begin the Ludi Romani!

On this day the temple of Iuppiter Stator was consecrated, also called
the "aedes Iovi Metellani" and "aedes Metelli":

"natus hic in Graeca Italiae ora et civitate Romana donatus cum iis
oppidis, Iovem fecit eboreum in Metelli aede, qua campus petitur.
accidit ei cum in navalibus, ubi ferae Africanae erant, per caveam
intuens leonem caelaret, ut ex alia cavea panthera erumperet, non levi
periculo diligentissimi artificis. fecisse opera complura dicitur;
quae fecerit, nominatim non refertur." - Pliny, Natural History,
36.40

By tradition, it was built to honor a vow made by Romulus for victory
over the Sabines:

"However this may be, the Sabines were in possession of the citadel.
And they would not come down from it the next day, though the Roman
army was drawn up in battle array over the whole of the ground between
the Palatine and the Capitoline hill, until, exasperated at the loss
of their citadel and determined to recover it, the Romans mounted to
the attack. Advancing before the rest, Mettius Curtius, on the side of
the Sabines, and Hostius Hostilius, on the side of the Romans, engaged
in single combat. Hostius, fighting on disadvantageous ground, upheld
the fortunes of Rome by his intrepid bravery, but at last he fell; the
Roman line broke and fled to what was then the gate of the Palatine.
Even Romulus was being swept away by the crowd of fugitives, and
lifting up his hands to heaven he exclaimed: "Jupiter, it was thy omen
that I obeyed when I laid here on the Palatine the earliest
foundations of the City. Now the Sabines hold its citadel, having
bought it by a bribe, and coming thence have seized the valley and are
pressing hitherwards in battle. Do thou, Father of gods and men, drive
hence our foes, banish terror from Roman hearts, and stay our shameful
flight! Here do I vow a temple to thee, 'Jove the Stayer,' as a
memorial for the generations to come that it is through thy present
help that the City has been saved." Then, as though he had become
aware that his prayer had been heard, he cried, "Back, Romans! Jupiter
Optimus Maximus bids you stand and renew the battle." They stopped as
though commanded by a voice from heaven - Romulus dashed up to the
foremost line, just as Mettius Curtius had run down from the citadel
in front of the Sabines and driven the Romans in headlong flight over
the whole of the ground now occupied by the Forum. He was now not far
from the gate of the Palatine, and was shouting: "We have conquered
our faithless hosts, our cowardly foes; now they know that to carry
off maidens is a very different thing from fighting with men." In the
midst of these vaunts Romulus, with a compact body of valiant troops,
charged down on him. Mettius happened to be on horseback, so he was
the more easily driven back, the Romans followed in pursuit, and,
inspired by the courage of their king, the rest of the Roman army
routed the Sabines. Mettius, unable to control his horse, maddened by
the noise of his pursuers, plunged into a morass. The danger of their
general drew off the attention of the Sabines for a moment from the
battle; they called out and made signals to encourage him, so,
animated to fresh efforts, he succeeded in extricating himself.
Thereupon the Romans and Sabines renewed the fighting in the middle of
the valley, but the fortune of Rome was in the ascendant." - Livy,
History of Rome 1.12

Alternatively, Romulus only vowed a set of armor to Iuppiter:

"And Romulus, making a vow to Jupiter, if he should conquer, to carry,
himself, and dedicate his adversary's armor to his honor, overcame him
in combat, and, a battle ensuing, routed his army also, and then took
his city; but did those he found in it no injury, only commanded them
to demolish the place and attend him to Rome, there to be admitted to
all the privileges of citizens. And indeed there was nothing did more
advance the greatness of Rome, than that she did always unite and
incorporate those whom she conquered into herself. Romulus, that he
might perform his vow in the most acceptable manner to Jupiter, and
withal make the pomp of it delightful to the eye of the city, cut down
a tall oak which he saw growing in the camp, which he trimmed to the
shape of a trophy, and fastened on it Acron's whole suit of armor
disposed in proper form; then he himself, girding his clothes about
him, and crowning his head with a laurel-garland, his hair gracefully
flowing, carried the trophy resting erect upon his right shoulder, and
so marched on, singing songs of triumph, and his whole army following
after, the citizens all receiving him with acclamations of joy and
wonder." - Plutarch, Pasrallel Lives, "Romulus"

In the event, Romulus' temple was never built; later, however, the
consul L. Postumius Megellus had the temple built, in 294 B.C.:

"According to Claudius, Postumius, after taking some cities in
Samnium, was routed and put to flight in Apulia, he himself being
wounded, and was driven with a small body of his troops to Luceria;
the victories in Etruria were won by Atilius and it was he who
celebrated the triumph. Fabius tells us that both consuls conducted
the campaign in Samnium and at Luceria, and that the army was
transferred to Etruria, but he does not say by which consul. He also
states that at Luceria the losses were heavy on both sides, and that a
temple was vowed to Jupiter Stator in that battle. This same vow
Romulus had made many centuries before, but only the fanum, that is
the site of the temple, had been consecrated. As the State had become
thus doubly pledged, it became necessary to discharge its obligation
to the god, and the senate made an order this year for the
construction of the temple." - Op. cit. 10.37

It was located by the Theatre of Metellus:

"The PERIPTEROS has six columns in the front and rear, and eleven on
the flanks, counting in the two columns at the angles, and these
eleven are so placed that their distance from the wall is equal to an
intercolumniation, or space between the columns all round, and thus is
formed a walk around the cell of the temple, such as may be seen in
the portico of the theatre of Metellus, in that of Jupiter Stator..."
- Vitruvius Pollio, de Architectura Book III, 2.5

And, like the temple of Iuno near it, had no inscriptions on it:

"This is the Metellus Macedonicus who had previously built the portico
about the two temples without inscriptions which are now surrounded by
the portico of Octavia, and who brought from Macedonia the group of
equestrian statues which stand facing the temples, and, even at the
present time, are the chief ornament of the place" - Vetellius
Paterculus, Roman History 1.11.3

There grew up a legend that two Spartans had built it, and mistakenly
placed the statues of the two gods (Iuppiter and Iuno) in the wrong
temples by mistake:

"quidam et opibus praepotentes fuisse eos putant ac sua inpensa
construxisse, inscriptionem sperantes, qua negata hoc tamen alio modo
usurpasse. sunt certe etiam nunc in columnarum spiris inscalptae
nominum eorum argumento lacerta atque rana. In Iovis aede ex iis
pictura cultusque reliquus omnis femineis argumentis constat; erat
enim facta Iunoni, sed, cum inferrentur signa, permutasse geruli
traduntur, et id religioone custoditum, velut ipsis diis sedem ita
partitis. Ergo et in Iunonis aede cultus est qui Iovis esse debuit.
Sunt et in parvolis marmoreis famam consecuti Myrmecides, cuius
quadrigam cum agitatore operuit alis musca, et Callicrates, cuius
formicarum pedes atque alia membra pervidere non est." - Pliny,
Natural History 36.42, 43

Valete bene!

Cato



SOURCES

Livy, Pliny, Paterculus, Pollio

So which was it, "Europe wasn't dark" or "Europe was in the mud".

The people at the time certainly thought they had fallen from a golden age,
and much knowledge was lost. But hey, they got beans. Yippy!

Just because history has been rewritten doesn't mean the real facts have
changed.
--

>|P. Dominus Antonius|<

Tony Dah m

Si vis pacem, para bellum - Vegetius
Islam religio pacis, nex omnibus dissentint.

On 9/4/06, Lucius Arminius Faustus <lafaustus@...> wrote:
>
> Salve,
>
> Unfortunately, this comment :
>
>
> "Today people would be living longer and society would be far more
> advanced. There would not have been a 1,000-year gap between the
> fall of Rome and the Renaissance.'"
>
> This an old fashion of History - overpassed for gods´ sake - that Middle
> Ages was a ´dark´ time, without any scientifical and cultural advance.
>
> Middle Ages is full of develepments and it is one of the richest periods.
> Glasses, Beans, Estribo, ´roundness´ of the Earth, Aristoteles´ Coments,
> steel... all on Middle Ages...
>
> Alas, it is also an Europecentric view. Indeed Europe was in the mud, but
> not East...
>
> It is a pity the Renaissance sold us this view. I´d think... if without
> all
> benefits from the Middle Ages, there wouldn´t have Renaissance itself.
>
> Alas, even Middle Ages had it´s golden Renaissance during XII century.
>
> Vale,
> L. Arminius Faustus
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve Cassi Pontoni!

>I look forward to participating in the Certamen. The Ludi Megalenses was
>extremely enjoyable and I cannot wait to see what you have cooked up for us.

I'm glad you enjoyed yourself during the Megalesia--the games are supposed to be fun! I know I enjoy coming up with the questions. This time the certamen will be slightly different. First, each day's questions will be posted on a website, complete with appropriate graphics (courtesy of Iulius Sabinus), with only the link posted on the mailing lists. Second, you will have forty-eight hours to answer the questions, instead of only twenty-four.

I'm looking forward to receiving your answers! The first two questions will be posted tomorrow and I again encourage everyone to participate.

Vale bene,
Artoria Marcella






[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve Galeri Aureliane,

>The Greeks who knew
>the Scythians and Sarmatians said that the chief god was Mars who was known >to
>those Indo-Europeans as Tyr.

Are you sure of this?

According to Herodotus, the primary source for what we know of the Scythians/Sarmatians, their chief deity was the fire goddess Tabiti, who he equates to Vesta. The war god is never named by Herodotus, but Sergei V. Rjabchikov makes an interesting case for the name Agni.

Vale et valete bene,
Artoria


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

OSD C. Equitius Cato

salvete omnes!

Hodie est postridie Nonas Septembris; hae dies fastus aterque est.

"Amantium irae amoris integratio est." (The quarrels of lovers are the
renewal of love)- Terence

"However, the first introduction of plays, though intended as a means
of religious expiation, did not relieve the mind from religious
terrors nor the body from the inroads of disease. Owing to an
inundation of the Tiber, the Circus was flooded in the middle of the
Games, and this produced an unspeakable dread; it seemed as though the
gods had turned their faces from men and despised all that was done to
propitiate their wrath. C. Genucius and L. Aemilius Mamercus were the
new consuls, each for the second time. The fruitless search for
effective means of propitiation was affecting the minds of the people
more than disease was affecting their bodies. It is said to have been
discovered that the older men remembered that a pestilence had once
been assuaged by the Dictator driving in a nail. The senate believed
this to be a religious obligation, and ordered a Dictator to be
nominated for that purpose. L. Manlius Imperiosus was nominated, and
he appointed L. Pinarius as his Master of the Horse. There is an
ancient instruction written in archaic letters which runs: Let him who
is the praetor maximus fasten a nail on the Ides of September. This
notice was fastened up on the right side of the temple of Jupiter
Optimus Maximus, next to the chapel of Minerva. This nail is said to
have marked the number of the year -written records being scarce in
those days - and was for that reason placed under the protection of
Minerva because she was the inventor of numbers. Cincius, a careful
student of monuments of this kind, asserts that at Volsinii also nails
were fastened in the temple of Nortia, an Etruscan goddess, to
indicate the number of the year. It was in accordance with this
direction that the consul Horatius dedicated the temple of Jupiter
Optimus Maximus in the year following the expulsion of the kings; from
the consuls the ceremony of fastening the nails passed to the
Dictators, because they possessed greater authority. As the custom had
been subsequently dropped, it was felt to be of sufficient importance
to require the appointment of a Dictator. L. Manlius was accordingly
nominated, but, regarding his appointment as due to political rather
than to religious reasons and eager to command in the war with the
Hernici, he caused a very angry feeling among the men liable to serve
by the inconsiderate way in which he conducted the enrolment. At last,
in consequence of the unanimous resistance offered by the tribunes of
the plebs, he gave way, either voluntarily or through compulsion, and
laid down his Dictatorship." - Livy, History of Rome 7.3


PERSON OF THE DAY - VULCAN

The Roman god of fire, especially destructive fire, and craftsmanship.
His forge is located beneath Mount Etna. It is here that he, together
with his helpers, forges weapons for gods and heroes. Vulcanus is
closely associated with Bona Dea with whom he shared the Volcanalia,
observed on August 23. This festival took place during the height of
the Mediterranean drought and the period of highest risk of fire. On
the banks of the river Tiber, fires were lighted on which living fish
were sacrificed. His temples were usually located outside the cities,
due to the dangerous nature of fire. In 215 B.C. his temple on the
Circus Flaminius was inaugurated. In Ostia he was the chief god as the
protector against fire in the grain storages. He is identified with
the Greek Hephaestus.

Valete bene!

Cato



SOURCES

Livy (http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/ah/Livy/), Vulcan
(http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/roman/)

SALVETE QUIRITES !

Here is an article in accordance with the Dionysius of Halicarnassus'
Ludi Romani descriptions :

http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/sept6.htm

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS

Salve, et Salvete Omnes,

It is too bad that someone meets with a fate like that and he
certainly was a likeable person who educated many people about the
natural world. However, it wasn't as strange as American media has
drummed up- the creature that killed him was cornered by a
television camera as well as Mr. Irwin. While death by stingray are
extremely rare, it's safe to assume this animal's exploitation for
entertainment purposes in this way is even more rare. Also, I am not
sure any daredevil's escapades that turn fatal is truly a sad event.

Read related opinions at:
http://www.nationalledger.com/artman/publish/article_27268204.shtml

Valete,
L. Fidelius Graecus


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Titus Iulius Sabinus"
<iulius_sabinus@...> wrote:

>
> SALVETE !
>
> I saw to the news, too. Indeed sad news. The stingrey sting is not
> lethal but in his case it was right in his heart. What a strange
> fate.
>
> VALETE,
> IVL SABINVS
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
> (Michael Kelly)" <mjk@> wrote:
> >
> > Salvete omnes,
> >
> > I just heard on the news today that Steve Irwin who many of us
> know
> > as the "Crocodile Hunter" was killed by a stingray yesterday.
> > My respect goes out to him and he certainly had the heart of a
> Roman
> > gladiator but like the gladiators of old he sure diced with

death

> a
> > lot and many people always stated his days were numbered.
> > Nevertheless I learned much from his shows and admired his

courage

> > in handling creatures that most of us would not approach with a

30

> > foot pole.
> > Hail to Steve Irwin and may he continue great fufillment in the
> next
> > life. Here are the latest details on the net:
> >
> > Welcome to The Age. Skip directly to: Search Box, Section
> > Navigation, Content. Text Version.
> >
> > NEWS | MYCAREER | DOMAIN | DRIVE | FINANCE | MOBILE | RSVP |
> STAYZ
> > member centre | login | register
> >
> > www.theage.com.auHome » National » Article
> > Crikey, can the Crocodile Hunter really be gone?
> > Email Print Normal font Large font Farah Farouque
> > September 5, 2006
> > Page 1 of 2 | Single page
> > Latest related coverage
> > The croc star who outshone Dundee
> > End would have been agony
> > High praise for Irwin's varied virtues
> > VIDEO Stingray behaviour
> > YOUR SAY Leave a tribute
> > MAP The location
> > VIDEO Crocodile Man dies
> > GALLERY Steve Irwin: Life and Times
> > Advertisement
> > AdvertisementHE MADE a career toying with some of the most
> > aggressive and deadly animals on the planet. But what killed

Steve

> > Irwin in the end was quite unexpected, a freakishly unlucky
> accident
> > involving a creature more prone to timidity than aggression.
> >
> > Shock and disbelief, across Australia and around the world,
> greeted
> > news of Irwin's death yesterday morning on a filming expedition
> off
> > the coast of north Queensland.
> >
> > Irwin, 44, the khaki-clad Queensland zoo keeper who achieved
> > international celebrity in his television role as the Crocodile
> > Hunter, was being filmed when he was fatally pierced in the

chest

> by
> > a stingray barb at Batt Reef, off Port Douglas.
> >
> > He had been in the area making a documentary, Ocean's Deadliest,
> and
> > had taken a few hours out to film some innocuous reef footage

for

> a
> > documentary to be aired by his daughter when the accident

occurred.

> >
> > His American-born wife, Terri, learned of his death while on a
> > holiday with their two children, Bindi and Bob, on Tasmania's
> Cradle
> > Mountain.
> >
> > As they boarded a private plane home last night, the young

family

> > were a plaintive tableaux of grief; toddler Bob was clutching a
> pink
> > pig for comfort.
> >
> > A helicopter was rushed in after the accident but nothing more
> could
> > be done. Ed O'Loughlin, the attending doctor, said Irwin seemed

to

> > have suffered a form of cardiac arrest . "He had a penetrating
> > injury to the left front of his chest". Death occurred shortly
> after
> > 11am.
> >
> > Professional diver Pete West, who was onboard a nearby boat,

said

> he
> > believed Irwin was alive when we was pulled from the sea. "He

was

> > filming a stingray and the stingray turned on him and put the

barb

> > into his chest," Mr West told Channel Seven. "We raised the

alarm

> > while they took him back to his own boat."
> >
> > Fellow documentary maker Ben Cropp confirmed last night that
> footage
> > was taken showing Irwin swimming alongside a bullray in less

than

> > two metres of water while a cameraman swam in front. Mr Cropp

had

> > not seen the footage, but had spoken to a friend on Irwin's
> vessel,
> > Croc One. "He probably got too close. "Do I think he was
> > irresponsible? No, he was unlucky. I know because I've done it
> > myself, but in my case the ray missed me."
> >
> > Stingray deaths are rare — just three confirmed in the past 68
> years
> > in Australia.
> >
> > Tributes flowed all afternoon and into the evening, from Prime
> > Minister John Howard to fellow naturalist David Bellamy, for an
> > Australian who talked Strine like no other contemporary
> personality.
> >
> > Talkback radio and websites were jammed as fans expressed their
> > sorrow at the passing of the super-exuberant naturalist. The Age
> > website had received more than 600 tributes by last night.
> >
> > "I am gutted," wrote one online mourner. "Steve will always be a
> > true Australian hero in my books."
> >
> > But just as Irwin thrilled his audience with daring stunts
> involving
> > snakes, crocs and other wildlife, he could divide and even repel
> the
> > public, too.
> >
> > In 2004, he attracted international odium when footage appeared

of

> > him holding Bob, then one month old, within metres of a

crocodile

> at
> > his zoo at Beerwah, 70 kilometres north of Brisbane.
> >
> > Irwin was probably better known overseas, especially in the

United

> > States, than at home.
> >
> > An enthusiastic publicity seeker, he promoted eight-year-old

Bindi

> > as the star of her own 26-episode show for the Discovery

Channel's

> > Animal Planet Network. Irwin was a star for the network in more
> than
> > 100 countries.
> >
> > His 2002 film The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course grossed $42
> > million.
> >
> > He was also a regular on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and his

TV

> > shows were a staple of American pay TV.
> >
> > Irwin's love of flora and fauna was a genuine passion that he
> > cultivated from his early days in primary school in Melbourne.
> >
> > Irwin and his parents moved when he was a boy to north

Queensland,

> > where they developed the family zoo, and he also lived on the
> > premises with his young family.
> >
> > A former classmate from Essendon Primary School said Irwin spent
> > much of his early Melbourne years near local creeks catching
> insects
> > and reptiles.
> >
> > The former student recalled Irwin as "a very likeable" guy who
> > brought reptiles and snakes for show and tell. "He'd bring them
> into
> > class when everyone would run a million miles away from them,"

the

> > schoolfriend said.
> >
> > "I was never surprised about where he ended up. He was a natural
> > with animals, he showed no fear and it obviously carried through
> his
> > whole life."
> >
> > Irwin forged close ties to Coalition politicians and despite his
> tag
> > as the Crocodile Hunter, this year he successfully lobbied
> Canberra
> > to block an attempt to revive controlled crocodile hunting in

the

> > Northern Territory.
> >
> > Among his powerful friends was the Prime Minister, who once
> invited
> > Irwin to the Lodge for a barbecue with US President George Bush.
> >
> > "I am quite shocked and distressed at Steve Irwin's sudden,
> untimely
> > and freakish death," Mr Howard said yesterday.
> >
> > "He was the genuine article Â… he brought immense joy to millions
> of
> > people."
> >
> > His manager John Stainton said Irwin had been brimming with

ideas

> > for new projects.
> >
> > "We had just signed a deal with Warner Brothers and IMAX in
> America
> > to make a huge IMAX movie in February-March next year, which

would

> > have Steve in 3D and would have been a huge project."
> >
> > With STEPHEN MOYNIHAN and AGENCIES
> >
> >
> > Regards,
> >
> > QSP
> >
>

Salve,

I would clarify these comments in that the "Dark Ages," while it had
it's advances was indeed "Dark" yet it is a misconception that these
Dark Ages were over all of Europe. It was Western Europe in the wake
of the Western Roman empire that this "darkness" fell while in the
East, Byzantium flourished. It is not a coincidence that the
Renaissance occurred in the years after the Crusades, with Western
scholars rediscovering ancient texts preserved in Islamic
scholarship, Constantinople being looted by Crusaders 1204, and the
westward fleeing of the luminaries of Byzantium in the 15th century.
Because Western Europe had ascendancy in the modern era (including
the founding of the USA,) it has carried with it a conceit for
representing all of European history. It was from the east that the
Dark Ages of the west found it's illumination.

Vale.
L. Fidelius Graecus


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Lucius Arminius Faustus"
<lafaustus@...> wrote:

>
> Salve,
>
> Unfortunately, this comment :
>
> "Today people would be living longer and society would be far more
> advanced. There would not have been a 1,000-year gap between the
> fall of Rome and the Renaissance.'"
>
> This an old fashion of History - overpassed for gods´ sake - that

Middle

> Ages was a ´dark´ time, without any scientifical and cultural

advance.

>
> Middle Ages is full of develepments and it is one of the richest

periods.

> Glasses, Beans, Estribo, ´roundness´ of the Earth, Aristoteles´

Coments,

> steel... all on Middle Ages...
>
> Alas, it is also an Europecentric view. Indeed Europe was in the

mud, but

> not East...
>
> It is a pity the Renaissance sold us this view. I´d think... if

without all

> benefits from the Middle Ages, there wouldn´t have Renaissance

itself.

>
> Alas, even Middle Ages had it´s golden Renaissance during XII

century.

>
> Vale,
> L. Arminius Faustus
>
>
> 2006/9/3, KECTAM@... <KECTAM@...>:
> >
> > Salvete Pauline et Pontoni,
> >
> > Thank you both for the reading list - I'm always pleased to be
> > introduced to
> > new books.
> >
> > Optime valete,
> >
> > Placidia
> > Dum spiro, spero et spero meliora

Salvete omnes,

I got the good news yesterday that I have my citizenship from NR and
am thrilled about it. My Roman name is Vibia Lucretia Camilla (Beatriz
Maria Conchita Kelly).

I wish to thank the censors, their scribes and all those involved in
processing my citizenship as well as those who sent me their regards
90 days ago. I am not into computers very much for chit chat but will
be helping my husband and Propraetor Gnaeus Iulius Caesar behind the
scenes in order to build our province of Canada Occidentalis with
events and get togethers.

Valete bene,

Vibia Lucretia Camilla

Ah but Byzantium and the Arabs got much of their light from the Eternal
City. But all this is a bit silly.

--

>|P. Dominus Antonius|<

Tony Dah m

Si vis pacem, para bellum - Vegetius
Islam religio pacis, nex omnibus dissentint.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve Vibia Lucretia Camilla

Welcome Welcome

Nice to have you here.


Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus

----- Original Message -----
From: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael Kelly)<mailto:mjk@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, September 06, 2006 3:11 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] New Citizen


Salvete omnes,

I got the good news yesterday that I have my citizenship from NR and
am thrilled about it. My Roman name is Vibia Lucretia Camilla (Beatriz
Maria Conchita Kelly).

I wish to thank the censors, their scribes and all those involved in
processing my citizenship as well as those who sent me their regards
90 days ago. I am not into computers very much for chit chat but will
be helping my husband and Propraetor Gnaeus Iulius Caesar behind the
scenes in order to build our province of Canada Occidentalis with
events and get togethers.

Valete bene,

Vibia Lucretia Camilla





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve

I know it has been discussed before but the true end of the Roman Empire in the west was not necessarily
476 CE but should be dated to around the time the Muslims started to conquer the former Roman lands in North Africa and the middle east.

This, more than the end of Romulus Augustus reign marked a fundamental end to the unity of the Mediterranean world.

As to the "darkness" of the middle ages it was in many ways a new civilization and would last for almost 1000 years. But in my mind it was "dark" because Rome was no more.

The ancient world had ended for good or bad.


Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus

----- Original Message -----
From: P. Dominus Antonius<mailto:marsvigilia@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, September 06, 2006 2:59 PM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: What if.....


Ah but Byzantium and the Arabs got much of their light from the Eternal
City. But all this is a bit silly.

--
>|P. Dominus Antonius|<
Tony Dah m

Si vis pacem, para bellum - Vegetius
Islam religio pacis, nex omnibus dissentint.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]