CATO: How many Nova Romans does it take to change a light bulb?

MORAVIUS PISCINUS, APOLLONIUS CORDUS, and IULIUS SCAURUS (with
objections): Such number as may be deemed necessary to perform
the stated task in a timely and efficient manner within the strictures
of the following agreement:

Whereas the party of the first part, also known as "The Citizen", and
the party of the second part, also known as "The Light Bulb", do
hereby and forthwith agree to a transaction wherein the party of the
second part (Light Bulb) shall be removed from the current position as
a result of failure to perform previously agreed upon duties, i.e.,
the lighting, elucidation, and otherwise illumination of the area
ranging from the front (north) door, through the entry way,
terminating at an area just inside the primary living area, demarcated
by the beginning of the carpet, any spill-over illumination being at
the option of the party of the second part (Light Bulb) and not
required by the aforementioned agreement between the parties. The
aforementioned removal transaction shall include, but not be limited
to, the following steps:

1.) The party of the first part (The Citizen) shall, with or without
elevation at his option, by means of a chair, step stool, ladder or
any other means of elevation, grasp the party of the second part
(Light Bulb) and rotate the party of the second part (Light Bulb) in a
counterclockwise direction, said direction being nonnegotiable. Said
grasping and rotation of the party of the second part (Light Bulb)
shall be undertaken by the party of the first part (Citizen) with
every possible caution by the party of the first part (Citizen) to
maintain the structural integrity of the party of the second part
(Light Bulb), notwithstanding the aforementioned failure of the party
of the second part (Light Bulb) to perform the customary and agreed
upon duties. The foregoing notwithstanding, however, both parties
stipulate that structural failure of the party of the second part
(Light Bulb) may be incidental to the aforementioned failure to
perform and in such case the party of the first part (Citizen) shall
be held blameless for such structural failure insofar as this
agreement is concerned so long as the nonnegotiable directional
codicil (counterclockwise) is observed by the party of the first part
(Citizen) throughout.

2.) Upon reaching a point where the party of the second part (Light
Bulb) becomes separated from the party of the third part
("Receptacle"), the party of the first part (Citizen) shall have the
option of disposing of the party of the second part (Light Bulb) in a
manner consistent with the Constitution and all applicable state,
local and federal statutes.

3.) Once separation and disposal have been achieved, the party of the
first part (Citizen) shall have the option of beginning installation
of the party of the fourth part ("New Light Bulb"). This installation
shall occur in a manner consistent with the reverse of the procedures
described in step one of this selfsame document, being careful to note
that the rotation should occur in a clockwise direction, said
direction also being nonnegotiable and only until the party of the
fourth part (New Light Bulb) becomes snug in the party of the third
part (Receptacle) and in fact becomes the party of the second part
(Light Bulb).

NOTE: The above described steps may be performed, at the option of the
party of the first part (Citizen), by said party of the first part
(Citizen), by his or her heirs and assigns, or by any and all persons
authorized by him or her to do so, the objective being to produce a
level of illumination in the immediate vicinity of the aforementioned
front (north) door consistent with maximization of ingress and revenue
for the party of the fifth part, also known as "The Firm".

LOL!!!!!!!! :-)

Quintus Servilius Priscus

Where may I find this Lex in the Tabularium ...and will this be on the Citizenship test? (evil grin). BTW, I don't think I've ever read a more complete and cogent description of changing a lightbulb! However ...I submit, with due respect, that our Legislative bodies and Magistrates may want to ammend this Lex to deal with the fact that NR is not responsible for any injury incurred by any careless or overly forceful action of the Party of the First part, and that NR cannot be sued or held liable for injuries suffered due to the party of the first part receiving cuts from broken lightbulb glass, or electrocution due to failure to turn off the light switch before attempting to remove the party of the 2nd part from the party of the 3rd part.

Most respectfully,
C. Maria Caeca

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve C. Maria Caeca

It's official

Maria Caeca!!!! YOU HAVE ARRIVED : )

You have proposed a change to a lex that has NOT as yet been adopted.
Most of us "oldtimers" at least wait for a lex to be adopted before we submit amendments.
Leges are allowed to age for oh.............. three months before the amendment process starts.

You have to love the newbie's : )


Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus

----- Original Message -----
From: Shoshana Hathaway<mailto:shoshanahathaway@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Friday, December 08, 2006 1:31 PM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: And now for something really different--Brought to you by the Equitia Catoni


Where may I find this Lex in the Tabularium ...and will this be on the Citizenship test? (evil grin). BTW, I don't think I've ever read a more complete and cogent description of changing a lightbulb! However ...I submit, with due respect, that our Legislative bodies and Magistrates may want to ammend this Lex to deal with the fact that NR is not responsible for any injury incurred by any careless or overly forceful action of the Party of the First part, and that NR cannot be sued or held liable for injuries suffered due to the party of the first part receiving cuts from broken lightbulb glass, or electrocution due to failure to turn off the light switch before attempting to remove the party of the 2nd part from the party of the 3rd part.

Most respectfully,
C. Maria Caeca

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Oops! I sit chastised! OK, I'll hush, now!

C. Maria Caeca, (who wouldn't have remembered to suggest the amendment after 3 months, having slept between now and then.)

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve Cato,

your statement is ridiculous and adds nothing in the honest
discussion on the Religio Romana.What is the rigt way for Nova Roma
to go.

If the Religion is of no interest for you, that´s your private
business, but please spare us from your humours attempts.

Vale bene et Iuppiter Optimus Maximus
Titus Flavius Aquila


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "gequitiuscato" <mlcinnyc@...>
wrote:

>
> CATO: How many Nova Romans does it take to change a light bulb?
>
> MORAVIUS PISCINUS, APOLLONIUS CORDUS, and IULIUS SCAURUS (with
> objections): Such number as may be deemed necessary to perform
> the stated task in a timely and efficient manner within the

strictures

> of the following agreement:
>
> Whereas the party of the first part, also known as "The Citizen",

and

> the party of the second part, also known as "The Light Bulb", do
> hereby and forthwith agree to a transaction wherein the party of the
> second part (Light Bulb) shall be removed from the current position

as

> a result of failure to perform previously agreed upon duties, i.e.,
> the lighting, elucidation, and otherwise illumination of the area
> ranging from the front (north) door, through the entry way,
> terminating at an area just inside the primary living area,

demarcated

> by the beginning of the carpet, any spill-over illumination being at
> the option of the party of the second part (Light Bulb) and not
> required by the aforementioned agreement between the parties. The
> aforementioned removal transaction shall include, but not be limited
> to, the following steps:
>
> 1.) The party of the first part (The Citizen) shall, with or without
> elevation at his option, by means of a chair, step stool, ladder or
> any other means of elevation, grasp the party of the second part
> (Light Bulb) and rotate the party of the second part (Light Bulb)

in a

> counterclockwise direction, said direction being nonnegotiable. Said
> grasping and rotation of the party of the second part (Light Bulb)
> shall be undertaken by the party of the first part (Citizen) with
> every possible caution by the party of the first part (Citizen) to
> maintain the structural integrity of the party of the second part
> (Light Bulb), notwithstanding the aforementioned failure of the

party

> of the second part (Light Bulb) to perform the customary and agreed
> upon duties. The foregoing notwithstanding, however, both parties
> stipulate that structural failure of the party of the second part
> (Light Bulb) may be incidental to the aforementioned failure to
> perform and in such case the party of the first part (Citizen) shall
> be held blameless for such structural failure insofar as this
> agreement is concerned so long as the nonnegotiable directional
> codicil (counterclockwise) is observed by the party of the first

part

> (Citizen) throughout.
>
> 2.) Upon reaching a point where the party of the second part (Light
> Bulb) becomes separated from the party of the third part
> ("Receptacle"), the party of the first part (Citizen) shall have the
> option of disposing of the party of the second part (Light Bulb) in

a

> manner consistent with the Constitution and all applicable state,
> local and federal statutes.
>
> 3.) Once separation and disposal have been achieved, the party of

the

> first part (Citizen) shall have the option of beginning installation
> of the party of the fourth part ("New Light Bulb"). This

installation

> shall occur in a manner consistent with the reverse of the

procedures

> described in step one of this selfsame document, being careful to

note

> that the rotation should occur in a clockwise direction, said
> direction also being nonnegotiable and only until the party of the
> fourth part (New Light Bulb) becomes snug in the party of the third
> part (Receptacle) and in fact becomes the party of the second part
> (Light Bulb).
>
> NOTE: The above described steps may be performed, at the option of

the

> party of the first part (Citizen), by said party of the first part
> (Citizen), by his or her heirs and assigns, or by any and all

persons

> authorized by him or her to do so, the objective being to produce a
> level of illumination in the immediate vicinity of the

aforementioned

> front (north) door consistent with maximization of ingress and

revenue

> for the party of the fifth part, also known as "The Firm".
>

Cato C. Mariae Caecina sal.

Hmmmm...

Your proposed amendment does not specify any definition of "careless",
"overly forceful", "injury", or "electrocution". This being true,
your proposed amendment is unfortunately totally useless. I foresee a
long and fruitful career in the Republic for you.

Vale bene,

Cato

Oh, my! How negligent of me! Well, um, after the Lex has been passed, having given it a period of approximately 3 months to settle, I will endeavor to resubmit my amendment, with appropriate definitions included!

BTW, I find this comic relief much like the eye of a hurricane, giving as it does a chance to take a few deep breaths between the (albeit interesting) verbal storms. Besides, it allows neophytes to stick their heads out from under their chosen protective rocks, if only briefly, and tentatively.

C. Maria Caeca ...headed rockward!

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

This recipe follows the Egyptian model of using a sourdough starter--
two packets of active yeast mixed with 2 cups of water and 1.5 cups
of stone-ground whole wheat flour. Let sit loosely covered with a
damp cloth for 24 hours until bubbly. Stir and refrigerate.

Sponge: Put a cup of starter in a large bowl. Stir in a quarter
cup honey, two tablespoons of pure olive oil, a pint of whole wheat
or bread flour, and a pint of water. Stir, cover loosely with a
damp cloth, and set aside overnight but not longer than a day.

Put a pint of barley flour in a bowl with 3/4 cup of honey or
sorghum syrup (sorghum is a grass common in Egypt, Meroe, and Axum
and is used for fodder, food, bread, beer-making, and sweetner), 2
teaspoons salt, 1/4 cup of oil, and 2 cups of boiling water. Stir
together well. When mixture reaches blood temperature, mix in
sourdough sponge and combine well. Add enough whole wheat flour,
spelt flour, or unbleached bread flour (1.5 to 2.5 pints) to make a
dough you can handle. Form into a ball of dough and set on your
kneading surface covered with a warm, damp cloth.

After 30 minutes, knead dough until smooth and elastic. Place dough
in an oiled bowl & rub surface with oil to prevent crust; cover with
a warm, damp cloth; and place in a draft free area for 3-4 hours.

Uncover, punch down dough, and cover with warm, damp cloth for
another 3-4 hours.

Uncover, punch down, and divide dough into three parts. Shape into
round loaves and place on baking sheets sprinkled liberally with
barley or oat meal. Cover with a warm, damp cloth and let rise for
an hour. Slash top of loaves as you wish and rub loaves with cold
water (for a chewy crust) or oil (for a softer crust).

Bake 50-60 minutes in a 350 degree Farenheit oven. 25-30 minutes
into baking, rub cold water or oil onto surface of loaves. When
baking done and loaves sound hollow when thumped on the bottom, rub
more cold water or oil into loaves and let cool on racks.

This is an excellent bread*. Full bodied, high in fiber, chewy, and
slightly sweet. It is good for the first meal of the day (warm or
cold) with fruit spreads; fresh or herbed cottage or cream cheese;
virgin olive oil or butter (for the barbarians)**; served with hot
ptisan, hot cider, warm watered wine, or milk. One loaf is a
morning meal for four or five persons and should be enough until mid-
day.

*Especially good for diabetics as it has more than 5 grams of fiber
per slice thus cutting down the amount of carbs consumed by 15 grams
per slice.

**Ghee is found in Indian markets and is a butter that can be kept
at room temperature without spoiling or going rancid. You can make
your own by cutting up a pound of unsalted butter & 2 tblspoons of
water into a pot. Heat it until it is at a low boil & foaming and
then strain through cheese cloth. There should be no solids or
brown pieces in the final product. Keeps in a sealed jar or crock.

Fl. Galerius Aurelianus

Why is Nova Roma like Christmas?


(Answer in a couple of days, but only if there are guesses. If there
are none, I will invoke the "Poe" rule and refuse to supply mine.)

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Stephen Gallagher" <spqr753@...> wrote:
>
> Salvete Romans
>
> Teacher: What is a forum?
>
> Pupil: Two-um plus two-um!
>
> Vale
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
>
> And now for something really different
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

om burbhuvasva
tat savitur varenian bhargho
devasya dimahi
diyo yonah
prachodayat
om
(gayatri mantra)

ah! the radiant smell of the indo-aryan roots
shared with latin, greek and italian,
so different from the exotic languages
of the tribes of north europe,
beatiful and fairy peoples
(remembering to me the lord
of the rings saga), but historically
not able in creating their own
alphabets, borrowing the sacred
latin letters just for reading it
in a completely different way!

gratia tibi ago, tullia!

maximus emulo alexandros poliorketes
(this is the latin-greek meaning of my real name,
i'm sorry but simply i don't remember
the "roman" nick for subscribe on this list)

valete
massimiliano a. polichetti
from roma
(actually, the real one, no some place in the states)

-----------------------------

>A. Tullia Scholastica quiritibus, sociis, peregrinisque omnibus S.P.D.
>A few thoughts in Sanskrit, translated below:
>Om sahanaa vavatu saha nau bhunaktu
>saha viiryam karavaavahai. Tejasvi navadhiitamastu
>ma vidvishaavahai. Om shanti:, shanti:, shanti:

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Scaurus Catoni SPD.

Who needs a damned light bulb anyway? We've been perfectly fine with
oil lamps and there's no need to tamper with the mos maiorum.
Harrumppff!!!

Vale.

Scaurus

Cato Scauro sal.

Wait.....did you just exhibit a sense of humor? You do realize you
can be cast out of the College of Pontiffs for that, yes? I'm sure
it's in a lex somewhere...

Valre,

Cato

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Gregory Rose" <gregory.rose@...> wrote:
>
> Scaurus Catoni SPD.
>
> Who needs a damned light bulb anyway? We've been perfectly fine with
> oil lamps and there's no need to tamper with the mos maiorum.
> Harrumppff!!!
>
> Vale.
>
> Scaurus
>

>
> A. Tullia Scholastica Maximiliano Poliorketei quiritibus, sociis,
> peregrinisque omnibus s.p.d.
>
> The Gayatrii mantra was the first I learnt when I was trying to learn
> Sanskrit with the aid of a textbook and a Brahmin friend, who was quite
> surprised when I managed to find it in the Rig Veda; subsequently I wrote it
> out in (American) Indian beadwork...but the text was a little different from
> this one, and (hope you won¹t be offended) you seem to have missed a couple of
> the aspirated consonants and replaced them with the unaspirated versions.
>
>
> om burbhuvasva
>
> ATS: Om bhuur bhuvaha swaha (the Harrison/Shankar notes have this as
> suvah...but that¹s not the way I learned it)
>
> tat savitur varenian bhargho
>
> ATS: Om tat savitur varenyam
>
> devasya dimahi
>
> ATS: bhargo devasya dhiimahi
>
>
> diyo yonah
> prachodayat
>
> ATS: dhiyo yo naha prachodayaat. Om.
>
> [May there be peace on mortal, immortal, and divine planes. I meditate
> upon the most brilliant splendor of the Sun God {Savitur}. May he stimulate
> our intellect {so that we are inspired to take the right action at the right
> time}]. Tr. From notes to Chants of India, R. Shankar and G. Harrison, with
> my addition of the gloss.
>
> om
> (gayatri mantra)
>
> ah! the radiant smell of the indo-aryan roots
> shared with latin, greek and italian,
> so different from the exotic languages
> of the tribes of north europe,
> beatiful and fairy peoples
> (remembering to me the lord
> of the rings saga), but historically
> not able in creating their own
> alphabets, borrowing the sacred
> latin letters just for reading it
> in a completely different way!
>
> gratia tibi ago, tullia!
>
> ATS: Flocci est. A few of us in the Sodalitas Latinitatis do know
> Sanskrit at varying levels; perhaps you would like to join us there...but one
> MUST join the mailing list in order to be a member of this group; one cannot
> join simply from the Album Civium; our charter makes membership on the mailing
> list identical to that of the sodalitas. More or less ditto the Sodalitas
> Musarum.
>
> maximus emulo alexandros poliorketes
> (this is the latin-greek meaning of my real name,
> i'm sorry but simply i don't remember
> the "roman" nick for subscribe on this list)
>
> valete
> massimiliano a. polichetti
> from roma
> (actually, the real one, no some place in the states)
>
> ATS: We have quite a few citizens here from the real Rome...
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica
>
> -----------------------------
>> >A. Tullia Scholastica quiritibus, sociis, peregrinisque omnibus S.P.D.
>> >A few thoughts in Sanskrit, translated below:
>> >Om sahanaa vavatu saha nau bhunaktu
>> >saha viiryam karavaavahai. Tejasvi navadhiitamastu
>> >ma vidvishaavahai. Om shanti:, shanti:, shanti:
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Slavete omnes,

I have a question regarding the Roman religion after the republic I
have not been able to get answered yet (even from Interview The
Expert). I was wondering if the priests of Ancient Rome really had the
authority or theolgical power do deify or make a god out of a mortal
like Caesar, Augustus, Caligula or was the religion at that point
hijaked by panderers to the Julian - Claudian dynasty? If they did,
was the custom similar or adopted by the RC church when a saint is
made right up to this day?

Thanks!

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Michael
Kelly)" <mjk@...> wrote:

>
> Slavete omnes,
>
> I have a question regarding the Roman religion after the republic I
> have not been able to get answered yet (even from Interview The
> Expert). I was wondering if the priests of Ancient Rome really had the
> authority or theolgical power do deify or make a god out of a mortal
> like Caesar, Augustus, Caligula or was the religion at that point
> hijaked by panderers to the Julian - Claudian dynasty? If they did,
> was the custom similar or adopted by the RC church when a saint is
> made right up to this day?
>
> Thanks!
>
> Quintus Suetonius Paulinus
>

no the priests as far as i know did not have that power only the
Senate had the authority to deify . ( make a man into a God for worship)
Marcus Cornelius Felix
Sacerdos Templi Mercurius
Primus Sacerdotus Provincia America Boreoccidentalis

House Priest Patrician Gens Cornelia
magewuffa@...

Scaurus Paulino SPD.

It's actually a bit complicated. The sacred colleges were involved
only in setting up cultus after the fact (there's still a raging
debate over whether flamines of the imperials cults sat in the
Collegium Pontificum). There is some evidence for a popular cult of
Divus Iulius initiated spontaneously before the Senate enacted the
deification. In the case of Divus Augustus Senate action was little
more than ratification of an imperial designatio. Inthe case of Diva
Livia it appears certain the Senate acted purely on the intiative of
the Emperor Claudius, again a case of ratification of imperial
designatio.

Vale.

Scaurus

> A. Tullia Scholastica C. Equitio Catoni C. Iulio Scauro quiritibus, sociis,
> peregrinisque omnibus S.P.D.
>
> Quid significat by Equitia Catoni, o collega future?
>
> Cato Scauro sal.
>
> Wait.....did you just exhibit a sense of humor?
>
> ATS: The sky MUST be falling. Is the Pax Deorum on shaky ground?
>
>
> You do realize you
> can be cast out of the College of Pontiffs for that, yes?
>
> ATS: But Astur can laugh, too...still, it¹s very dangerous to admit such
> things in the CP.
>
>
> I'm sure
> it's in a lex somewhere...
>
> ATS: If not a lex, surely a decretum pontificum Ne Risus Moveatur.
>
> Valre,
>
> Cato
>
> Valete,
>
> Scholastica
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com <mailto:Nova-Roma%40yahoogroups.com> ,
> "Gregory Rose" <gregory.rose@...> wrote:
>> >
>> > Scaurus Catoni SPD.
>> >
>> > Who needs a damned light bulb anyway? We've been perfectly fine with
>> > oil lamps and there's no need to tamper with the mos maiorum.
>> > Harrumppff!!!
>> >
>> > Vale.
>> >
>> > Scaurus
>> >
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

On Sat, 9 Dec 2006, M. Lucretius Agricola wrote:

> Why is Nova Roma like Christmas?

Because a raven is like a writing-desk.

-- Publius Livius Triarius

OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem V Idus Decembris; haec dies comitialis est.

"Both the speech and the speaker produced a great impression on all
who heard him, including the tribunes, who were so far influenced by
what they had heard that they formally placed themselves at the
disposal of the senate. They immediately resigned their office and
were handed over to the fetials to be conducted with the rest to
Caudium. After the senate had passed their resolution, it seemed as
though the light of day was once more shining on the State. The name
of Postumius was in all men's mouths, he was extolled to the skies,
his conduct was put on a level with the self-sacrifice of P. Decius
and other splendid deeds of heroism. It was through his counsel and
assistance, men said, that the State had found its way out of a
dishonourable and guilty peace; he was exposing himself to the rage of
the enemy and all the tortures they could inflict as an expiatory
victim for the Roman people. All eyes were turned to arms and war;
"shall we ever be allowed," they exclaimed, "to meet the Samnites in
arms?" Amidst this blaze of angry excitement and thirst for vengeance,
a levy was made and nearly all re-enlisted as volunteers. Nine legions
were formed out of the former troops, and the army marched to Caudium.
The fetials went on in advance, and on arriving at the city gate they
ordered the garment to be stripped off from those who had made the
capitulation and their arms to be tied behind their backs. As the
apparitor, out of respect for Postumius' rank, was binding his cords
loosely, "Why do you not," he asked, "draw the cord tight that the
surrender may be made in due form?" When they had entered the council
chamber and reached the tribunal where Pontius was seated, the fetial
addressed him thus: "Forasmuch as these men have, without being
ordered thereto by the Roman people, the Quirites, given their promise
and oath that a treaty shall be concluded and have thereby been guilty
of high crime and misdemeanour, I do herewith make surrender to you of
these men, to the end that the Roman people may be absolved from the
guilt of a heinous and detestable act." As the fetial said this
Postumius struck him as hard as he could with his knee, and in a loud
voice declared that he was a Samnite citizen, that he had violated the
law of nations in maltreating the fetial who, as herald, was
inviolable, and that after this the Romans would be all the more
justified in prosecuting the war." - Livy, History of Rome 9.10



On this day in A.D. 536, the general Belisarius captured Rome (the
first of three times) from the Ostrogoths in the emperor Justinian's
attempt to regain the Western Empire.



"High on a throne of royal state, which far
Outshone the wealth of Ormus and of Ind,
Or where the gorgeous East with richest hand
Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold,
Satan exalted sat, by merit rais'd
To that bad eminence." - John Milton, born on 9 December A.D. 1608;
"Paradise Lost"

While visiting John Milton one day, King James II (then the Duke of
York) stated that the poet's blindness was divine retribution for his
defence of the execution of Charles I. "If Your Highness thinks that
misfortunes are indexes of the wrath of heaven," Milton replied, "what
must you think of your father's tragical end? I have only lost my eyes
– he lost his head!"



"There dwelt in Egypt two youths of noble birth, one of whom applied
himself to study knowledge, and the other to accumulate wealth. In
process of time that became the wisest man of his age, and this King
of Egypt. Then was the rich man casting an eye of scorn upon his
philosophic brother, and saying, "I have reached a sovereignty, and
you remain thus in a state of poverty." He replied: "O brother! I am
all the more grateful for the bounty of a Most High God, whose name
was glorified, that I have found the heritage of the
prophets---namely, wisdom; and you have got the estate of Pharaoh and
Haman---that is, the kingdom of Egypt. I am a hermit, that mankind
shall tread under foot; not a hornet, that they shall complain of my
sting. How can I sufficiently express my grateful sense of this
blessing, that I possess not the means of injuring my fellow
creatures?" - Sa'di, one of the greatest of the Persian poets, who
died 9 December A.D. 1292


Valete bene!

Cato



Sources

Livy, John Milton and Sa'di

Salve Scaurus, et Salvete Omnes.

Well done piece on the nature of syncretism. I fully agree with your
perspective on the incompatibility of modern vs. ancient syncretism.
I would diverge somewhat in that while different, it was a very
active principle in Roman history that extended to many areas
besides religion and was essential to their ideas of conquest. In
that sense, other differences compared to modern syncretism are
evident- bridged geographies, the mixing of long established
traditions among groups now interacting under the Roman aegis.
Modern syncretism is so different because the context is utterly
different- now it is purely the backround information that is more
widely circulated, and people are making purely self-motivated
choices in their religious tastes not unlike shopping in a mall or
eating at a buffet.

On the Roman syncretism vis a vis Christianity, it is especially
apparent in the imperialistic trappings of Christianity as it became
a religion with worldly authority- and it's Bishops and Patriarchs
of Rome coming to resemble the Imperial court- even acting as such
with the early Middle Ages. Again also I think we have an example of
Roman syncretism operating long after it's original religious basis
had faded.

Fascinating subject- thank you for bring it up in this forum.

Vale, et Valete Omnes,
L. Fidelius Graecus


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Gregory Rose" <gregory.rose@...>
wrote:

>
> Sacurus quiritibus SPD.
>
> Syncretism in the ancient world was something quite different from
> modern syncretism.
>
> First, and probably most important, is the difference between the

way

> moderns frequently view religion and the way in which the Romans of
> antiquity did. For moderns religion is more about themselves than
> about the Gods: it is a route to self-realisation, self-

fulfillment, a

> way to make one happy about oneself. The focus is primarily on the
> self. If religion is primarily about the self, then selecting

what

> pleases oneself from a variety of religions with only the

principle of

> pleasing oneself as the deciding criterion. In antiquity the

primary

> focus was on the Di Immortales, on following the tradition cultus
> handed down from time immemorial to ensure maintenance of the pax
> Deorum. The emphasis was on pleasing the Gods and keeping entact
> humanity's contracts with them. To be sure, men supplicated the

Gods

> for what they needed and desired, but man's ability to do so was
> grounded in making sure that the Gods looked favourably upon them

by

> adhering precisely to age-old rituals and formulae. Do ut dare was
> predicated precisely on recognition of an asymmetry which required
> that the Gods be placated before they were supplicated. This is

very

> different from the modern view.
>
> Second, Roman syncretism was based on theological presuppositions
> different from modern syncretism. Keith Hopkins was right when he
> characterised antiquity as "a world full of Gods." A polytheism

which

> saw divine entities everywhere was the norm. Furthermore, many of
> these deities were associated with place. In such an environment

it

> was only natural that parallels between deities' functions and
> characteristics would be noted and the idea that, for example, the
> Roman Minerva and the Britannic Sulis were the same divine being,
> Minerva Sulis, arose. This kind of natural syncretism was

commonplace

> in the Roman world, and appears to have been encouraged in the

process

> of Romanisation. There was also the notion that foreign Gods had
> power: there is evidence for ritual condemnation of the Gods of
> foriegn peoples at war with the Romans, aimed at the Di Immortales
> subjugating the foreign Gods just as Roman armies subjugated

foreign

> peoples. It is unsurprising, then, that once a people was

conquered

> and the process of Romanisation begun the assimilation of their
> foreign Gods to the Roman pantheon would occur. This did not

happen

> in every case, but, again, it was the norm for conquered peoples.
>
> Third, the introduction of foreign cults into the religio publica

was

> primarily a function of prodigy. A grave crisis or miraculous

portent

> signaled the acceptability of a foreign cult's alliance with Rome

and

> her Gods -- Magna Deorum Mater during the Punic Wars and Isis in

the

> reign of Gaius Caligula are two salient examples. Worship of the
> foreign was always regarded as aberrant by the Romans unless the
> foreign cult was part of the officially sanctioned sacra peregrina

or

> a result of Romanising assimilation.
>
> Fourth, the first great monotheism, Judaism, provided mightily
> impervious to such syncretism in the Roman world precisely because

it

> rejected polytheism absolutely. When there was a Sanhedrin, a Jew

who

> embraced avodah zarah (and both the Hellenic cults and the Religio
> Romana were archetypes of avodah zarah, as even the most cursory
> examination of the Talmud reveals) was subject to capital

punishment.

> Judaism's definition of the divine excluded the polytheism which

was

> at the Religio Romana's base. Likewise, the second great

monotheism

> rejected Roman syncretism. As Cato has pointed out, Christianity
> denies that other religions, the Religio Romana included, are

paths to

> the divine. If Christianity had been acceptant of polytheism, most
> Romans would have regarded it as less of a threat, and there would
> have been rather fewer Christian martyrs. The chance for such an
> accommodation died with Arianism. The syncretism of Christianity

was

> not the positive syncretism of the Religio Romana, but rather a
> negative syncretism: the church was prepared to coopt rituals and
> holidays of the polytheistic world in order to make its message

more

> palatable to a polytheist audience, but it always changed these
> borrowings in such a way as to focus on Christianity's exclusive

claim

> to the divine.
>
> Fifth, ritual magic was abhorred by the Romans, most especially in

the

> Republican period, because it was associated with invocation of
> malevolent spirits to work mischief or greater evils; veneficium

was

> the generic term for such magic, and came to be associated with

murder

> by poisoning. Ritual magic was the province of foreigners; some
> Romans might stoop to purchasing their services, but the social

stigma

> if discovered was enormous.
>
> It is on these grounds that I reject modern syncretism as

incompatible

> with the Religio Romana. It approaches religion in a way alien to
> Roman syncretism. It embraces a melange of religions with little
> respect for the principles on which those religions were based,
> especially so when it attempts to syncretise Judaism or

Christianity,

> and it allows for practices which the Romans scorned.
>
> I do not condemn Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, or Wicca, but I

do

> assert that they have nothing to do with Religio Romana and assert
> that their syncretistic practice with the Religio Romana is utterly
> un-Roman. People can tout all they like how wonderful the modern
> world is letting people blend all sorts of religions in their

belief

> systems. It's quite true that the modern world encourages this.

But

> the argument is no refutation of my contention, for the grounds on
> which I reject it is that the syncretism of Rome is not the

syncretism

> of the modern world. The Religio Romana is not some generic
> "paganism" -- it is a specific polytheism with a specific tradition
> and a specific set of conditions for a unique approach to

syncretism.

>
> Valete.
>
> Scaurus
>

Here is a nice site offering regular quotes in Latin along with their
english counterparts:

http://latinwisdom.blogspot.com

I particularly liked this one from Cicero:

Nemo saltat sobrius

"Nobody dances sober"

Salve Marce Corneli Felix et G. Iuli Sscaure,

Than you both for your answers to my question. That clears things up
for me.

Regards,

Quintus Suetonius Paulinus

Salve

FYI

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus

Scientists find Emperor Maxentius' sceptre

ARCHAEOLOGISTS have dug up what they called the only existing imperial insignia belonging to Emperor Maxentius precious objects that were buried to preserve them and keep them from enemies when he was defeated by his rival Constantine.

Excavation under Rome's Palatine Hill near the Colosseum turned up items including three lances and four javelins that experts said are striking for their completeness digs usually turn up only fragments and the fact that they are the only known artifacts of their kind.

Some of the objects, which accompanied the emperor during his public appearances, are believed to be the base for the emperor's standards rectangular or triangular flags, officials said.

An imperial sceptre with a carved flower and a globe, and a number of glass spheres, believed to be a symbolic representation of the earth, also were discovered.

The discovery was announced Wednesday by Italy's Culture Minister Francesco Rutelli during a visit to New York.

The items, inside wooden boxes and wrapped in linen and silk, were found buried at a sanctuary last year and have since been restored and analysed. The depth of the burial allows experts to date them to the early 4th century AD, ministry officials said.

"These artifacts clearly belonged to the emperor, especially the sceptre, which is very elaborated, its not an item you would let someone else have," Clementina Panella, the archaeologist who made the discovery, said on Friday.

"As far as we know, there are no similar findings," said Angelo Bottini, the state's top official for archaeology in Rome. "Similar representations are only on coins and paintings, but we never saw them for real," he said. Bottini added that the artifacts would be shown to the public in February.



Panella said the insignia were likely hidden by Maxentius' people in an attempt to preserve the emperor's memory after he was defeated by Constantine I in the 321 AD battle of the Milvian Bridge a turning point for the history of the Roman empire which saw Constantine becomes the unchallenged ruler of the West.

"Once he's lost, his objects could not continue to exist and at the same time, could not fall in the hands of the enemy," she said.

Darius A. Arya, an archaeologist and professor at the American Institute for Roman Culture, said the discovery was highly unusual.

"Here's something precious that represents the greatness of Maxentius, buried by his loyal people to save something that belonged to him," said Arya, who was not involved in the excavation. "All together, they represented the power of this particular emperor and you wouldn't want the enemy or the usurper to get a hold of it."

Excavations on the Palatine in recent decades have turned up wonders such as the house of Rome's first emperor, Augustus. Experts said that much has yet to be uncovered, hidden in underground passageways.

© 2003 - 2006 @ Guardian Newspapers Limited (All Rights Reserved).
Powered by dnetsystems.net<http://www.dnetsystems.net/> dnet®
















[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

> but the text was a little different from
> this one, and (hope you won¹t be offended) you seem to have missed a couple of
> the aspirated consonants and replaced them with the unaspirated versions.

dear tullia,

thanks for your supercorrect editing!
frankly speaking, i was so relieved to read on your post
something with some sense for the first time
on this list having lurked on it for, more on less, ten days
and having read mostly strange ego-centered quarrel
grounded on obscure inner "legal" procedure
(thank to the gods recently started also the posting of some nice jokes)
that i just wrote down by hearth the gayatri
(and we are near to the sol invictus day).

> but one
> MUST join the mailing list in order to be a member of this group; one cannot
> join simply from the Album Civium; our charter makes membership on the mailing
> list identical to that of the sodalitas. More or less ditto the Sodalitas
> Musarum.

sorry, this for me is "sarmaticum"
(as we romans was using to say when reading
something we did not understand).
if i broke some arcan web-rules ... sorry!

> ATS: We have quite a few citizens here from the real Rome...

one of the best quoting about where the real rome
is to be found is in the words of lawrence olivier / crasso
in kubrick's "spartacus"
(i don't know the original lines in english,
i just try to translate from italian):

"if the gods were to be not,
i'll adore them into myself;
if rome were to be not,
i'll dream of her"

sincerely yours

"the sieger, master of man, the most great competitor"
i.e.
polichetti, alessandro, massimiliano
(in italy a lot of name and surname don't came from the judaeo-christian lore)



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve Amice

Yes I love the movie Spartacus too. Some think I am crazy when I cheer the arrival of the legions at the end of the movie.

Julius Caesar<http://us.imdb.com/name/nm0001260/>: Rome is the mob.

Marcus Licinius Crassus<http://us.imdb.com/name/nm0000059/>: No! Rome is an eternal thought in the mind of God.

Julius Caesar<http://us.imdb.com/name/nm0001260/>: I'd no idea you'd grown religious.

Marcus Licinius Crassus<http://us.imdb.com/name/nm0000059/>: [laughs] It doesn't matter. If there were no gods at all I'd still revere them.

If there were no Rome, I'd dream of her.


Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus

----- Original Message -----
From: M.A.Polichetti<mailto:maxlaura.poldim@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Saturday, December 09, 2006 9:53 AM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] english as an exotic tool


> but the text was a little different from
> this one, and (hope you won¹t be offended) you seem to have missed a couple of
> the aspirated consonants and replaced them with the unaspirated versions.

dear tullia,

thanks for your supercorrect editing!
frankly speaking, i was so relieved to read on your post
something with some sense for the first time
on this list having lurked on it for, more on less, ten days
and having read mostly strange ego-centered quarrel
grounded on obscure inner "legal" procedure
(thank to the gods recently started also the posting of some nice jokes)
that i just wrote down by hearth the gayatri
(and we are near to the sol invictus day).

> but one
> MUST join the mailing list in order to be a member of this group; one cannot
> join simply from the Album Civium; our charter makes membership on the mailing
> list identical to that of the sodalitas. More or less ditto the Sodalitas
> Musarum.

sorry, this for me is "sarmaticum"
(as we romans was using to say when reading
something we did not understand).
if i broke some arcan web-rules ... sorry!

> ATS: We have quite a few citizens here from the real Rome...

one of the best quoting about where the real rome
is to be found is in the words of lawrence olivier / crasso
in kubrick's "spartacus"
(i don't know the original lines in english,
i just try to translate from italian):

"if the gods were to be not,
i'll adore them into myself;
if rome were to be not,
i'll dream of her"

sincerely yours

"the sieger, master of man, the most great competitor"
i.e.
polichetti, alessandro, massimiliano
(in italy a lot of name and surname don't came from the judaeo-christian lore)

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve Volentia, calendar girl

I love, I love my
Yeah, sweet calendar girl
I love, I love, I love my calendar girl
Each and every day of the year.

(January) you start the year off fine
(February) you're my little valentine
(March) I'm gonna march you down the aisle
(April) You're the Easter Bunny when you smile

Yeah, yeah, my heart's in a whirl
I love, I love my little calendar girl
Every day (every day), every day (every day) of the year

<http://a.tribalfusion.com/i.click?site=SongLyricscom&adSpace=ROS&size=300x250&requestID=258210786>




(Every day of the year)

(May) Maybe if I ask your dad and mom
(June) They'll let me take to you to the Junior prom
(July) like a firecracker all aglow
(August) When you're on the beach you steal the show

Yeah, yeah, my heart's in a whirl
I love, I love, I love my little calendar girl
Every day (every day), every day (every day) of the year
(every day of the year)

(September) Light the candles ay your sweet sixteen
(October) Romeo and Juliet on Halloween
(November) I'll give tahanks taht you belong to me
(December) You're the present 'neath my Christmas tree

Yeah, yeah, my heart's in a whirl
I love, i love , I love my little calendar girl
Every day (every day), every day (every day) of the year).

( Can be translated to Latin : )
**********************************************

As soon as I get pay pal to work ARRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR

I will send payment.

Vale

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus

----- Original Message -----
From: Volentia<mailto:tellure@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com<mailto:Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Thursday, December 07, 2006 4:01 AM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Calendar Discount - Going, Going...



(I sent this about twelve hours ago and it hasn’t appeared yet, so I’m trying again. If it appears twice now, I apologize for the redundancy.)

Salvete omnes!

The calendars have arrived, and they are even niftier in person than they look on the website. Paid-up customers of mine should start watching their mailboxes.

There is a grand total of ONE (1) calendar left at the incredible discount price of $16 to Yanks and $17 to Canadian and Mexican citizens (noncitizens of Nova Roma please pay $1.50 for s&h). Order at: tellure AT earthlink DOT net. If you’re second in line, you will have lost your chance at the discount. Of course, you can always order direct from Saturninus at full price: http://www.insulaumbra.com/calendar/<http://www.insulaumbra.com/calendar/>

That is, there is only one left; BUT--

A few cives who reserved their calendars several weeks ago still have not paid. (If you are paying by check, I am not talking to you; I assume it is in the mail. If you only reserved your calendar within the last few days, I am not talking to you either. And if you are a civis of my provincia who has made arrangements to pick up your calendar at our next meeting, I am also not talking to you.) Those of you to whom I *am* talking, please either send payment so I can mail you your calendar, or, if you have changed your mind, let me know so I can release your reserved calendars to some new, lucky customers.

Cordus wrote on Nov. 19 (ellipsis = snip):

>There has been some discussion ... of introducing some sort of "period of peace and reflection".... the Romans have, as usual, had this idea already.... We ought to start by observing the ones we have....

To which Volentia adds:

And it would help you immensely if you had a calendar for convenient reference.

Vale!
Volentia, Calendar Girl





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

SALVETE QUIRITES !

I come in front of you to announce my candidacy for Quaestor.
I served this year as Curule Aedile, accensus of Consul Pompeia
Minucia Strabo and scribe of Praetor Tiberius Galerius Paulinus.
I tried to do the best and to fulfill my duties with good results.
In my life I'm business owner and the quaestor job is not something
new for me, as time as, I do that for my company for many years.
In my opinion a Quaestor don't represent only a person with financial
duties, even if historical this is the truth. In Cohorts or offices,
the Quaestor can participate to all Cohorts activities.

With respect, I want to please you to give me your trust and to vote
me.

VALETE,
IVL SABINVS

OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem IV Idus Decembris; haec dies comitialis est.

"Pontius replied: "I shall not accept this surrender of yours nor will
the Samnites regard it as valid. Why do you not, Spurius Postumius, if
you believe in the existence of gods, either cancel the whole
agreement or abide by what you have pledged yourself to. The Samnite
people have a right to all those whom it held in its power, or in
their stead it has a right to make peace with Rome. But why do I
appeal to you? You are keeping your word as far as you can and
rendering yourself as prisoner to your conqueror. I appeal to the
Roman people. If they are dissatisfied with the convention of the
Caudine Forks, let them place their legions once more between the
passes which imprisoned them. Let there be no fraudulent dealing on
either side, let the whole transaction be annulled, let them resume
the arms which they delivered up at the capitulation, let them return
to that camp of theirs, let them have everything that they had on the
eve of their surrender. When that is done, then let them take a bold
line and vote for war, then let the convention and the peace agreed to
be repudiated. Let us carry on the war with the same fortune and on
the same ground which we held before any mention was made of peace;
the Roman people will not then have any occasion to blame their
consuls for pledges they had no right to give, nor shall we have any
reason to charge the Roman people with any breach of faith.

"Will you never be at a loss for reasons why, after defeat, you should
not abide by your agreements? You gave hostages to Porsena, afterwards
you stole them away. You ransomed your city from the Gauls with gold,
whilst they were in the act of receiving the gold they were cut down.
You made peace with us on condition of our restoring your captured
legions, you are now making that peace null and void. You always cloak
your dishonest dealing under some specious pretext of right and
justice. Does the Roman people not approve of its legions being saved
at the cost of a humiliating peace? Then let it keep its peace to
itself, only let it restore to the victor its captured legions. Such
action would be in accord with the dictates of honour, with the faith
of treaties, with the solemn proceedings of the fetials. But that you
should secure what you stipulated for, the safety of thousands of your
countrymen, whilst I am not to secure the peace which I stipulated for
when I released them-is this what you Aulus Cornelius and you fetials
call acting according to the law of nations? "As to those men whom you
make believe to surrender I neither accept them nor do I regard them
as surrendered, nor do I hinder them from returning to their
countrymen, who are bound by a convention, the violation of which
brings down the wrath of all the gods whose majesty is being trifled
with. True, Spurius Postumius has just struck the herald fetial with
his knee, then wage war! Of course the gods will believe that
Postumius is a Samnite citizen not a Roman, and that it is by a
Samnite citizen that a Roman herald has been maltreated, and that for
that reason you are justified in making war upon us. It is sad to
think that you feel no shame in exposing this mockery of religion to
the light of day, and that old men of consular rank should invent
excuses for breaking their word which even children would think
beneath them. Go, lictor, remove the bonds from the Romans, let none
of them be hindered from departing where they please." Thus set free
they returned to the Roman camp, their personal obligations and
possibly those of the State having been discharged." - Livy, History
of Rome 9.11


"Negotiations were then entered upon for a reconciliation. An
agreement was arrived at, the terms being that the plebs should have
its own magistrates, whose persons were to be inviolable, and who
should have the right of affording protection against the consuls. And
further, no patrician should be allowed to hold that office. Two
"tribunes of the plebs" were elected, C. Licinius and L. Albinus." -
Livy, History of Rome 2.33

"These five persons were the first who received the tribunician power,
on the fourth day before the ides of December, as is the custom even
to our time. The election being over, the envoys of the senate
considered that everything for which they had been sent was now
properly settled. But Brutus, calling the plebeians together, advised
them to render this magistracy sacred and inviolable, insuring its
security by both a law and an oath. This was approved of by all, and a
law was drawn up by him and his colleagues, as follows: 'Let no one
compel a tribune of the people, as if he were an ordinary person, to
do anything against his will; let no one whip him or order another to
whip him; and let no one kill him or order another to kill him. If
anybody shall do any one of these things that are forbidden, let him
be accursed and let his goods be consecrated to Ceres; and if anybody
shall kill one who has done any of these things, let him be guiltless
of murder.' And to the end that the people might not even in future
be at liberty to repeal this law, but that it might forever remain
unalterable, it was ordained that all the Romans should solemnly swear
over the sacrificial victims to observe it for all time, both they and
their posterity; and a prayer was added to the oath that the heavenly
gods and the divinities of the lower world might be propitious to
those who observed it, and that the displeasure of the gods and
divinities might be visited upon those who violated it, as being
guilty of the greatest sacrilege. From this the custom arose among the
Romans of regarding the persons of the tribunes of the people as
sacrosanct, which custom continues to this day." - Dionysius of
Halicarnassus, "Roman Antiquities" VI.89.2-4

"As all those have shown who have discussed civil institutions, and as
every history is full of examples, it is necessary to whoever arranges
to found a Republic and establish laws in it, to presuppose that all
men are bad and that they will use their malignity of mind every time
they have the opportunity; and if such malignity is hidden for a time,
it proceeds from the unknown reason that would not be known because
the experience of the contrary had not been seen, but time, which is
said to be the father of every truth, will cause it to be discovered.
It seemed that in Rome there was a very great harmony between the
Plebs and the Senate (the Tarquins having been driven out), and that
the nobles had laid aside their haughtiness and had become of a
popular spirit, and supportable to everyone even to the lowest. This
deception was hidden, nor was the cause seen while the Tarquins lived,
whom the nobility feared, and having fear that the maltreated plebs
might not side with them (the nobles) they behaved themselves humanely
toward them: but as soon as the Tarquins were dead, and that fear left
the Nobles, they begun to vent upon the plebs that poison which they
had kept within their breasts, and in every way they could they
offended them: which thing gives testimony to that which was said
above that men never act well except through necessity: but where
choice abounds and where license may be used, everything is quickly
filled with confusion and disorder. It is said therefore that Hunger
and Poverty make men industrious, and Laws make them good. And where
something by itself works well without law, the law is not necessary:
but when that good custom is lacking, the law immediately becomes
necessary. Thus the Tarquins being dead through fear of whom the
Nobles were kept in restraint, it behooved them (the Nobles) to think
of a new order, which would cause the same effect which the Tarquins
had caused when they were alive. And therefore after many confusions,
tumults, and dangers of troubles, which arose between the Plebs and
the Nobility, they came for the security of the Plebs to the creation
of the Tribunes, and they were given so much preeminence and so much
reputation, that they then should always be able to be in the middle
between the Plebs and the Senate, and obviate the insolence of the
Nobles." - Niccolo Macchiavelli, "Discourses on the First Ten Books of
Titus Livius", III


Today was the traditional beginning of the tribunician year; on this
day, the tribunes would have received their offices followed by a
feast to which all citizens were invited.


"One is always considered mad when one perfects something that others
cannot grasp." - Ed Wood, acclaimed as the worst movie director of all
time, who died on 10 December A.D. 1978


Valete bene!

Cato




SOURCES

Livy, Macchiavelli

Salve Sabine, et salvete quirites,

This is wonderful news. I'm so very pleased to see such a fine citizen
stepping forward to fill this necessary magistracy.

Vale, et valete,

-- Marinus

Titus Iulius Sabinus wrote:

> SALVETE QUIRITES !
>
> I come in front of you to announce my candidacy for Quaestor.

See Photos of Denarius in "Photo" on this web site under "Franks
Denarius"

If you love information like this; and Julio Claudian Portraiture
and Numismatics join at
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

Here are some details of the find. In fact, this denarius of
Caligula is part of a small treasure of 20 denarii, scattered over a
small area of semi-arid scrub land, near the ancient roman city of
Nemausus (today Nimes). Thanks to the calcarious soil the coins did
not suffer corrosion. Besides some broken roman tiles, the area was
virgin. It was evidently a site where was located a small country
house, modest in all ways and deserted ever since the first century
AD. Through the wear of the coins, from republican denarii, gallion
types of Marcus Antonius, several Augustus denarii and the common
Tiberius denarius with Livia seated, it can easily be concluded that
the 20 denarii were hidden or lost at one time, about 38 AD, because
the wear of each coin was equivalent with the age as compared with
the most recent one (of Caligula). Nothing else was found here,
except a small copper gallic coin, much older, and, since it was in
superb condition, using the same wear/age considerations, was lost
about a hundred years earlier. Knowing that the salary of a common
soldier at that time was about one denarius a day, the amount of
denarii found here was quite considerable. The brown margin on top
of the reverse is concretion (some people mistakenly thought the
coin is subaerate). As the above information is first-hand, I can
guarantee the coin is genuine. For sentimental reasons the coin is
not for sale, but I'll be happy to contribute to numismatic science
by publication of its image Regards Frank

Salvete Omnes,SPD.

Citizens of Nova Roma

I Appius Galerius Aurelianus come before you today to announce my candidacy for election as Editor of the Aquila.

As a contributing author to this periodical,and an avid reader,I feel I have much to contribute to the magazine.Being an acting Officer in the Legio VI
(Ferrata) and Praefectus Regio of Georgia(Alabama),and having a degree in history.I feel I may just have the qualifications the periodical needs at this time.

I will build on the success of past editors especially Senator Audens and my Mater Helena Galeria.I will do my best to fill his very large sandals.

I have a dynamic dream for the future of the Aquila.To spice up the pages
with more exciting research and stories from all over the Republic,and encompassing all our wonderful and vast history.

From the mouths of generals,poets and scholars to the wonders and mysteries of the Goddesses and Gods of our beloved Rome.Together with New Romans US.

I intend to make it come alive in the hands of our readers,with PDF Format and online as well.

Come join me in this adventure.and elect me as your new Editor.

Humbly,Valete Omnes.
Appius Galerius Aurelianus
Praefectus Regio Georgia&Alabama
Acting Optio,Legio VI (Ferrata) Century II,Cohort II,Germanica,Vex I



---------------------------------
Any questions? Get answers on any topic at Yahoo! Answers. Try it now.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

---Pompeia Minucia Tiberia Gn. Equitio Marino Populoque S.P.D.

I can understand why certain people feel that eight Quaestores is
too many, that we infact could do with six. But at our current
complement of four, we are no where near the constitutionally
mandated number of eight. I feel somewhat obligated to call for
additional Quaestoral candidates on that basis of its language.
Such can be admended next year to six; maybe the Plebian assembly
does in fact feel that their aediles do not require Quaestores.

We are deficit in other magistracies, and so to call for additional
quaestores who are elected of the same comitia as the other
candidates is not a cumbersome exercise in any case. But I still
feel obligated to the constitution to make atleast one attempt to
fill these.

I hope this sheds some light current consular rationale.

Valete


In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gnaeus Equitius Marinus <gawne@...>
wrote:

>
> Salve Sabine, et salvete quirites,
>
> This is wonderful news. I'm so very pleased to see such a fine

citizen

> stepping forward to fill this necessary magistracy.
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> -- Marinus
>
> Titus Iulius Sabinus wrote:
> > SALVETE QUIRITES !
> >
> > I come in front of you to announce my candidacy for Quaestor.
>

Cn. Lentulus quaestor Minuciae Straboni consuli sal.:

As I have stated in an earlier message of mine, if there aren't enough candidates, I offer myself as quaestor for another term. If the consules permit, I candidate myself for quaestor, besides rogator -- being the example Q. Metellus.

Vale!
Cn. Corn. Lentulus



pompeia_minucia_tiberia <pompeia_minucia_tiberia@...> ha scritto:
---Pompeia Minucia Tiberia Gn. Equitio Marino Populoque S.P.D.

I can understand why certain people feel that eight Quaestores is
too many, that we infact could do with six. But at our current
complement of four, we are no where near the constitutionally
mandated number of eight. I feel somewhat obligated to call for
additional Quaestoral candidates on that basis of its language.
Such can be admended next year to six; maybe the Plebian assembly
does in fact feel that their aediles do not require Quaestores.

We are deficit in other magistracies, and so to call for additional
quaestores who are elected of the same comitia as the other
candidates is not a cumbersome exercise in any case. But I still
feel obligated to the constitution to make atleast one attempt to
fill these.

I hope this sheds some light current consular rationale.

Valete


In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gnaeus Equitius Marinus
wrote:

>
> Salve Sabine, et salvete quirites,
>
> This is wonderful news. I'm so very pleased to see such a fine

citizen

> stepping forward to fill this necessary magistracy.
>
> Vale, et valete,
>
> -- Marinus
>
> Titus Iulius Sabinus wrote:
> > SALVETE QUIRITES !
> >
> > I come in front of you to announce my candidacy for Quaestor.
>

Yahoo! Groups Links





__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Poco spazio e tanto spam? Yahoo! Mail ti protegge dallo spam e ti da tanto spazio gratuito per i tuoi file e i messaggi
http://mail.yahoo.it

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve Iuli Sabine,

>I come in front of you to announce my candidacy for Quaestor.

This is wonderful news! You have been an outstanding curule aedile and will make an excellent quaestor.

Vale bene,
Artoria Marcella



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve

my name is Sextus Lucilius Tutor, Scriba Propraetoris Provincia
Pannonia.
I have decided to stand as a candidate for the position of the post
questor because the time of election is getting shorter and the posts
are still available.

It will be for me honour if i can run for quaestor.

Thank you

Sextus Lucilius Tutor

Pompeia Minucia Strabo Consul Quiritibus Novae Romae S.P.D.

Further to Consular Edict of Nov. 25, 2006 in which candidates for magisterial vacancies elected by the Comitia Populi Tributa were invited to submit their names by Dec. 10 6pm EST, I hereby officially advise that this period of declaration of candidacy is over.

Valete


---------------------------------
Everyone is raving about the all-new Yahoo! Mail beta.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem III Idus Decembris; haec dies nefastus publicus est.

"The Samnites clearly saw that instead of the peace which they had so
arrogantly dictated, a most bitter war had commenced. They not only
had a foreboding of all that was coming but they almost saw it with
their eyes; now when it was too late they began to view with approval
the two alternatives which the elder Pontius had suggested. They saw
that they had fallen between the two, and by adopting a middle course
had exchanged the secure possession of victory for an insecure and
doubtful peace. They realised that they had lost the chance of doing
either a kindness or an injury, and would have to fight with those
whom they might have got rid of for ever as enemies or secured for
ever as friends. And though no battle had yet given either side the
advantage, men's feelings had so changed that Postumius enjoyed a
greater reputation amongst the Romans for his surrender than Pontius
possessed amongst the Samnites for his bloodless victory. The Romans
regarded the possibility of war as involving the certainty of victory,
whilst the Samnites looked upon the renewal of hostilities by the
Romans as equivalent to their own defeat. In the meantime, Satricum
revolted to the Samnites. (The latter made a sudden descent on
Fregellae and succeeded in occupying it in the night, assisted, there
is no doubt, by the Satricans. Mutual fear kept both the Samnites and
the Fregellans quiet till daylight, with the return of light the
battle began. For some time the Fregellans held their ground, for they
were fighting for their hearths and homes and the noncombatant
population assisted them from the roofs of the houses. At length the
assailants gained the advantage by adopting a ruse. A proclamation was
made that all who laid down their arms should depart unhurt, and the
defenders did not interfere with the crier who made it. Now that there
were hopes of safety they fought with less energy and in all
directions arms were thrown away. Some, however, showed more
determination and made their way fully armed through the opposite
gate. Their courage proved a better protection than the timid
credulity of the others, for these were hemmed in by the Samnites with
a ring of fire, and in spite of their cries for mercy were burnt to
death. After arranging their respective commands, the consuls took the
field. Papirius marched into Apulia as far as Luceria, where the
equites who had been given as hostages at Caudium were interned;
Publilius remained in Samnium to oppose the legions who had been at
Caudium. His presence made the Samnites uncertain how to act; they
could not march to Luceria for fear of exposing themselves to a rear
attack, nor did they feel satisfied to remain where they were, as
Luceria might in the meantime be lost. They decided that the best
course would be to try their fortune and hazard a battle with
Publilius." - Livy, History of Rome 9.12


Today is a celebration of the Agonalia, during which the rex sacrorum
would offer as sacrifices animals which had never been yoked, usually
a ram. Although the precise meaning of this observance has been lost,
Smith's Dictionary states: "The ram was the usual victim presented to
the guardian gods of the state, and the rex sacrificulus and the regia
could be employed only for such ceremonies as were connected with the
highest gods and affected the weal of the whole state."


Today is also the Septimontium, which celebrates the inclusion of the
final Hill of Rome, the Colline, bringing the total to seven.
The Seven Hills of Rome east of the Tiber form the heart of Rome. They
figure prominently into Roman mythology, religion, and politics; the
Seven Hills are: the Palatine Hill (Collis Palatinus), the Aventine
Hill (Collis Aventinus), the Capitoline Hill (Collis Capitolinus), the
Quirinal Hill (Collis Quirinalis), the Viminal Hill (Collis
Viminalis), the Esquiline Hill (Collis Esquilinus), and the Caelian
Hill (Caelius Mons; Collis Caelius).

King Numa Pompilius established the festival of the Septimontium that
was celebrated on the 11th of December by doing the round of the
graves of the Argei on some hills. The Argei were the heroes that
according to the legend took possession of some hills of future Rome
from the Siculi and Liguri. There are different versions, but it
seems probable that the festival was celebrated on the three rises of
the Palatine (Germalus or Cermalus, Palatium and Velia), on the three
ones of the Exquilinus (Fagutal, Oppius, cispius) and on the Caelius.

The Septimontium was originally a festival of the people who lived in
those places, and this should prove that it dated back to an
intermediate period, between the epoch in which only the Palatine was
inhabitated, and later times in which people started to occupy other
hills. King Servius Tullius, who made a new constitution for the city,
extended the participation to the Septimontium to the Sabine
inhabitants of the Quirinalis, but the feast remained a memory of the
"old" palatinal Rome, as distinguished from its Sabine part.



This day is also sacred to Ianus, the god of Beginnings, and is a
festival day. Ianus was the porter of heaven and the guardian deity of
gates. He is commonly represented with two heads because every door
looks both ways. There were numerous temples to Ianus in Rome, and in
wartime the gates of the principle temples of Ianus were always open,
while in times of peace the doors were closed but not locked.


Valete bene!

Cato






SOURCES

Livy, Smith's Dictionary, Wikipedia

Salve,

Hum... Indeed there was a civil unrest on Galia on Tiberius´ time and
the rebelion of Iulius Vindex against Nero. But Caligula time... hum,
I can´t recall. I think Caligula passed throught Galia to attack the
beaches of the Mancha.

Well, who knows what personal drama the owner of these month salary has passed?

Vale,
L. Arminius Faustus

2006/12/10, Joe Geranio <geranioj@...>:

>
>
>
>
>
>
> See Photos of Denarius in "Photo" on this web site under "Franks
> Denarius"
>
> If you love information like this; and Julio Claudian Portraiture
> and Numismatics join at
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
>
> Here are some details of the find. In fact, this denarius of
> Caligula is part of a small treasure of 20 denarii, scattered over a
> small area of semi-arid scrub land, near the ancient roman city of
> Nemausus (today Nimes). Thanks to the calcarious soil the coins did
> not suffer corrosion. Besides some broken roman tiles, the area was
> virgin. It was evidently a site where was located a small country
> house, modest in all ways and deserted ever since the first century
> AD. Through the wear of the coins, from republican denarii, gallion
> types of Marcus Antonius, several Augustus denarii and the common
> Tiberius denarius with Livia seated, it can easily be concluded that
> the 20 denarii were hidden or lost at one time, about 38 AD, because
> the wear of each coin was equivalent with the age as compared with
> the most recent one (of Caligula). Nothing else was found here,
> except a small copper gallic coin, much older, and, since it was in
> superb condition, using the same wear/age considerations, was lost
> about a hundred years earlier. Knowing that the salary of a common
> soldier at that time was about one denarius a day, the amount of
> denarii found here was quite considerable. The brown margin on top
> of the reverse is concretion (some people mistakenly thought the
> coin is subaerate). As the above information is first-hand, I can
> guarantee the coin is genuine. For sentimental reasons the coin is
> not for sale, but I'll be happy to contribute to numismatic science
> by publication of its image Regards Frank
>
>

--
Valete bene in pacem deorum,
L. Arminius Faustus

"Vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo, prospera omnia cedunt" - Salustius

Salve, C. Equiti Cato, et salvete quirites

Do you know of if the Agonalia were consecrated to Juno? I remember to see that in a dictionary.

Valete
Appius Iulius Priscus

gequitiuscato <mlcinnyc@...> wrote:
OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est ante diem III Idus Decembris; haec dies nefastus publicus est.

"The Samnites clearly saw that instead of the peace which they had so
arrogantly dictated, a most bitter war had commenced. They not only
had a foreboding of all that was coming but they almost saw it with
their eyes; now when it was too late they began to view with approval
the two alternatives which the elder Pontius had suggested. They saw
that they had fallen between the two, and by adopting a middle course
had exchanged the secure possession of victory for an insecure and
doubtful peace. They realised that they had lost the chance of doing
either a kindness or an injury, and would have to fight with those
whom they might have got rid of for ever as enemies or secured for
ever as friends. And though no battle had yet given either side the
advantage, men's feelings had so changed that Postumius enjoyed a
greater reputation amongst the Romans for his surrender than Pontius
possessed amongst the Samnites for his bloodless victory. The Romans
regarded the possibility of war as involving the certainty of victory,
whilst the Samnites looked upon the renewal of hostilities by the
Romans as equivalent to their own defeat. In the meantime, Satricum
revolted to the Samnites. (The latter made a sudden descent on
Fregellae and succeeded in occupying it in the night, assisted, there
is no doubt, by the Satricans. Mutual fear kept both the Samnites and
the Fregellans quiet till daylight, with the return of light the
battle began. For some time the Fregellans held their ground, for they
were fighting for their hearths and homes and the noncombatant
population assisted them from the roofs of the houses. At length the
assailants gained the advantage by adopting a ruse. A proclamation was
made that all who laid down their arms should depart unhurt, and the
defenders did not interfere with the crier who made it. Now that there
were hopes of safety they fought with less energy and in all
directions arms were thrown away. Some, however, showed more
determination and made their way fully armed through the opposite
gate. Their courage proved a better protection than the timid
credulity of the others, for these were hemmed in by the Samnites with
a ring of fire, and in spite of their cries for mercy were burnt to
death. After arranging their respective commands, the consuls took the
field. Papirius marched into Apulia as far as Luceria, where the
equites who had been given as hostages at Caudium were interned;
Publilius remained in Samnium to oppose the legions who had been at
Caudium. His presence made the Samnites uncertain how to act; they
could not march to Luceria for fear of exposing themselves to a rear
attack, nor did they feel satisfied to remain where they were, as
Luceria might in the meantime be lost. They decided that the best
course would be to try their fortune and hazard a battle with
Publilius." - Livy, History of Rome 9.12

Today is a celebration of the Agonalia, during which the rex sacrorum
would offer as sacrifices animals which had never been yoked, usually
a ram. Although the precise meaning of this observance has been lost,
Smith's Dictionary states: "The ram was the usual victim presented to
the guardian gods of the state, and the rex sacrificulus and the regia
could be employed only for such ceremonies as were connected with the
highest gods and affected the weal of the whole state."

Today is also the Septimontium, which celebrates the inclusion of the
final Hill of Rome, the Colline, bringing the total to seven.
The Seven Hills of Rome east of the Tiber form the heart of Rome. They
figure prominently into Roman mythology, religion, and politics; the
Seven Hills are: the Palatine Hill (Collis Palatinus), the Aventine
Hill (Collis Aventinus), the Capitoline Hill (Collis Capitolinus), the
Quirinal Hill (Collis Quirinalis), the Viminal Hill (Collis
Viminalis), the Esquiline Hill (Collis Esquilinus), and the Caelian
Hill (Caelius Mons; Collis Caelius).

King Numa Pompilius established the festival of the Septimontium that
was celebrated on the 11th of December by doing the round of the
graves of the Argei on some hills. The Argei were the heroes that
according to the legend took possession of some hills of future Rome
from the Siculi and Liguri. There are different versions, but it
seems probable that the festival was celebrated on the three rises of
the Palatine (Germalus or Cermalus, Palatium and Velia), on the three
ones of the Exquilinus (Fagutal, Oppius, cispius) and on the Caelius.

The Septimontium was originally a festival of the people who lived in
those places, and this should prove that it dated back to an
intermediate period, between the epoch in which only the Palatine was
inhabitated, and later times in which people started to occupy other
hills. King Servius Tullius, who made a new constitution for the city,
extended the participation to the Septimontium to the Sabine
inhabitants of the Quirinalis, but the feast remained a memory of the
"old" palatinal Rome, as distinguished from its Sabine part.

This day is also sacred to Ianus, the god of Beginnings, and is a
festival day. Ianus was the porter of heaven and the guardian deity of
gates. He is commonly represented with two heads because every door
looks both ways. There were numerous temples to Ianus in Rome, and in
wartime the gates of the principle temples of Ianus were always open,
while in times of peace the doors were closed but not locked.

Valete bene!

Cato

SOURCES

Livy, Smith's Dictionary, Wikipedia






---------------------------------
Any questions? Get answers on any topic at Yahoo! Answers. Try it now.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

My fellow citizens,

Many of you will not know me. I am Tiberius Octavius Avitus, so called
because I have followed my grandfathers into military service. Due to
this service which involves both training and time spent in distant
lands, I have not been here as much the past two years as I would have
liked.

I come before you today, to declare my candidacy for Quaestor. I hold
no illusions about my level of popularity, for as I said, the majority
of you do not know me; however, the few of you who do know me... new
friends like Gaius Flavius Ductoris would surely tell you that I am an
honorable and dignified man. I seek only to serve the Republic.

I have chosen this path of service, for two reasons:

First, we must all be willing to sacrifice time and effort for the
good of the Republic. What we are doing here, is something that has
never been done in the history of the world. We are trying to reform a
government that has long been gone from the face of the world. We are
attempting to resurrect a way of life, that no one has seen for nearly
2000 years.

Second, to be viable, we must have competition. If we have only four
candidates for four slots, we are appointing our government, not
electing it. Is that what we want? Are so few of our citizens willing
to answer the call that we must appoint our leadership for lack of
choices?

I do not intend to standby while the Republic suffers. I, Tiberius
Octavius Avitus, answer the call of Rome. I stand before you, fellow
citizens, and declare that I will do all that is within my ability to
aid the Republic and insure it returns to the greatness that made it
the light of the world for a millennium.

For the Glory of Rome, the Eternal City,

Tiberius Octavius Avitus

--
Men are haunted by the vastness of eternity.
And so we ask ourselves: will our actions
echo across centuries?
Will strangers hear our names long after
we are gone, and wonder who we were,
how bravely we fought, how fiercely we loved?

Cato Iulio Prisco sal.

Well, we know that one at least was dedicated to Ianus (a.d. V Id. Ian.):

"Add four successive days to the Nones and Janus
Must be propitiated on the Agonal day.
The day may take its name from the girded priest
At whose blow the god's sacrifice is felled:
Always, before he stains the naked blade with hot blood,
He asks if he should (agatne), and won't unless commanded.
Some believe that the day is called Agonal because
The sheep do not come to the altar but are driven (agantur).
Others think the ancients called this festival Agnalia,
`Of the lambs', dropping a letter from its usual place.
Or because the victim fears the knife mirrored in the water,
The day might be so called from the creature's agony?
It may also be that the day has a Greek name
From the games (agones) that were held in former times.
And in ancient speech agonia meant a sheep,
And this last reason in my judgement is the truth." - Ovid, Fasti I

and that a.d. XVI Kal. Apr. was an Agonalia celebrated to Mars (the
Agonium or Agonalia Martiale), also called the Liberalia:

"Liberalia dicta, quod per totum oppidum eo die sedent ut sacerdotes
Liberi anus hedera coronatae cum libis et foculo pro emptore
sacrificantes. In libris Saliorum quorum cognomen Agonensium, forsitan
hic dies ideo appelletur potius Agonia." - Varro, de Lingua Latina VI.iii

But I cannot find a reference to an Agonalia celebrated to Iuno...

Vale bene,

Cato

Iulius Priscus Catoni sal.

Certainly it was a lapse due the similarity of the names.

Vale
Ap. Iul. Priscus

gequitiuscato <mlcinnyc@...> wrote:
Cato Iulio Prisco sal.

Well, we know that one at least was dedicated to Ianus (a.d. V Id. Ian.):

"Add four successive days to the Nones and Janus
Must be propitiated on the Agonal day.
The day may take its name from the girded priest
At whose blow the god's sacrifice is felled:
Always, before he stains the naked blade with hot blood,
He asks if he should (agatne), and won't unless commanded.
Some believe that the day is called Agonal because
The sheep do not come to the altar but are driven (agantur).
Others think the ancients called this festival Agnalia,
`Of the lambs', dropping a letter from its usual place.
Or because the victim fears the knife mirrored in the water,
The day might be so called from the creature's agony?
It may also be that the day has a Greek name
From the games (agones) that were held in former times.
And in ancient speech agonia meant a sheep,
And this last reason in my judgement is the truth." - Ovid, Fasti I

and that a.d. XVI Kal. Apr. was an Agonalia celebrated to Mars (the
Agonium or Agonalia Martiale), also called the Liberalia:

"Liberalia dicta, quod per totum oppidum eo die sedent ut sacerdotes
Liberi anus hedera coronatae cum libis et foculo pro emptore
sacrificantes. In libris Saliorum quorum cognomen Agonensium, forsitan
hic dies ideo appelletur potius Agonia." - Varro, de Lingua Latina VI.iii

But I cannot find a reference to an Agonalia celebrated to Iuno...

Vale bene,

Cato






---------------------------------
Want to start your own business? Learn how on Yahoo! Small Business.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

M. Hortensia Ap. Iulio spd;
I can't find anything about Juno in Scullard, just a sacrifice
to Pales. I was thinking of you as I've just been reading the terrific
"Roman Homosexuality; Ideologies of Masculinity" by Craig William.
I can see why you recommeded it, it really cuts through our ideas
of assigned sex identity.
I was just thinking, the author never really adresses the fact that
all upper class Roman men had to be married and have children. It
wasn't a choice. Even Pomponius Atticus who lived in Athens had a
daughter.

bene vale
M. Hortensia Maior

> But I cannot find a reference to an Agonalia celebrated to Iuno...
>
> Vale bene,
>
> Cato
>
>
>
>
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> Want to start your own business? Learn how on Yahoo! Small Business.
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

SALVE LUCILI TUTOR !

Lucilius Tutor is a dedicated citizen from his area. I know his work
and his efforts.
I'm glad to see that he run for office. Success, amice !

VALE BENE,
IVL SABINVS



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "sextus_lucilius_tutor" <phorus@...>
wrote:

>
> Salve
>
> my name is Sextus Lucilius Tutor, Scriba Propraetoris Provincia
> Pannonia.
> I have decided to stand as a candidate for the position of the post
> questor because the time of election is getting shorter and the posts
> are still available.
>
> It will be for me honour if i can run for quaestor.
>
> Thank you
>
> Sextus Lucilius Tutor
>

P. Memmius Albucius omnibus s.d.

Veuillez trouver ci-joint l'édit n° 59- 37 relatif aux officiers publics en fonction et aux édits proprétoriens en vigueur à cette date dans la province de Gaule.
Nota bene : à part le chiffre de l'année (ici "59" pour 2759 auc), la numérotation mise en place par l'Hon. A. Apollonius Scipio a été conservée. L'édit joint prend donc logiquement la suite du n° 36 du 12 août 2005.

_______________________

Please find attached the edict nb 59-37 concerning the public officers and the propraetorian edicts

currently in office and force in the province of Gaul.

Nota bene : except the number of the year (here "59" for 2759 auc), the numerotation set up by Hon. A. Apollonius Scipio has been kept. The attached edict fllows logically the edict nb 36, 12th august 2005.

Valete,

scr. Cadomago, civ. Viducassium, Gallia, pridie Idus Dec. MMDCCLVIIII a.u.c.


Publius Memmius Albucius
Propraetor Galliae


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salvete Quirites


Here are the results of the Comitia Plebis Tributa,
forwarded by Custos Em. Curia Finnica.

The Lex Arminia de Consecratione was voted by 23 of
the 35 tribes.
The Lex was approved, with 22 tribes voting yes, and
one, no.

The following magistrates are hereby installed:

- Aedilis Plebis
Caius Curius Saturninus

- Tribunus Plebis
Gaius Arminius Reccanellus
Marcus Curiatius Complutensis
Marcus Pontius Sejanus
Quintus Servilius Priscus

Many thanks to the Diribitores and Custodes for their
hard work.

The Lex Moravia states that the installment of the new
plebeian magistrates should be 10 december; my
personal apologies to the people for this delay.


Valete
Marcus Arminius Maior
former Tribunus Plebis




_______________________________________________________
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OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie pridie Idus Decembris est; haec dies endotercisus est. Ante
meridian nefastus publicus est et post meridian fastus est.


"The three kinds of government, monarchy, aristocracy and democracy,
were all found united in the commonwealth of Rome. And so even was the
balance between them all, and so regular the administration that
resulted from their union, that it was no easy thing to determine with
assurance, whether the entire state was to be estimated an
aristocracy, a democracy, or a monarchy. For if they turned their view
upon the power of the consuls, the government appeared to be purely
monarchical and regal. If, again, the authority of the senate was
considered, it then seemed to wear the form of aristocracy. And,
lastly, if regard was to be had to the share which the people
possessed in the administration of affairs, it could then scarcely
fail to be denominated a popular state. The several powers that were
appropriated to each of these distinct branches of the constitution at
the time of which we are speaking, and which, with very little
variation, are even still preserved, are these which follow.

The consuls, when they remain in Rome, before they lead out the armies
into the field, are the masters of all public affairs. For all other
magistrates, the tribunes alone excepted, are subject to them, and
bound to obey their commands. They introduce ambassadors into the
senate. They propose also to the senate the subjects of debates; and
direct all forms that are observed in making the decrees. Nor is it
less a part of their office likewise, to attend to those affairs that
are transacted by the people; to call together general assemblies; to
report to them the resolutions of the senate; and to ratify whatever
is determined by the greater number. In all the preparations that are
made for war, as well as in the whole administration in the field,
they possess an almost absolute authority. For to them it belongs to
impose upon the allies whatever services they judge expedient; to
appoint the military tribunes; to enroll the legions, and make the
necessary levies, and to inflict punishments in the field, upon all
that are subject to their command. Add to this, that they have the
power likewise to expend whatever sums of money they may think
convenient from the public treasury; being attended for that purpose
by a quaestor; who is always ready to receive and execute their
orders. When any one therefore, directs his view to this part of the
constitution, it is very reasonable for him to conclude that this
government is no other than a simple royalty. Let me only observe,
that if in some of these particular points, or in those that will
hereafter be mentioned, any change should be either now remarked, or
should happen at some future time, such an alteration will not destroy
the general principles of this discourse.

To the senate belongs, in the first place, the sole care and
management of the public money. For all returns that are brought into
the treasury, as well as all the payments that are issued from it, are
directed by their orders. Nor is it allowed to the quaestors to apply
any part of the revenue to particular occasions as they arise, without
a decree of the senate; those sums alone excepted. which are expended
in the service of the consuls. And even those more general, as well as
greatest disbursements, which are employed at the return every five
years, in building and repairing the public edifices, are assigned to
the censors for that purpose, by the express permission of the senate.
To the senate also is referred the cognizance of all the crimes,
committed in any part of Italy, that demand a public examination and
inquiry: such as treasons, conspiracies, poisonings, and
assassinations. Add to this, that when any controversies arise, either
between private men, or any of the cities of Italy, it is the part of
the senate to adjust all disputes; to censure those that are deserving
of blame: and to yield assistance to those who stand in need of
protection and defense. When any embassies are sent out of Italy;
either to reconcile contending states; to offer exhortations and
advice; or even, as it sometimes happens, to impose commands; to
propose conditions of a treaty; or to make a denunciation of war; the
care and conduct of all these transactions is entrusted wholly to the
senate. When any ambassadors also arrive in Rome, it is the senate
likewise that determines how they shall be received and treated, and
what answer shall be given to their demands.

In all these things that have now been mentioned, the people has no
share. To those, therefore, who come to reside in Rome during the
absence of the consuls, the government appears to be purely
aristocratic. Many of the Greeks, especially, and of the foreign
princes, are easily led into this persuasion: when they perceive that
almost all the affairs, which they are forced to negotiate with the
Romans, are determined by the senate." - Polybius, Histories, VI.1


The festivities surrounding the Agonalia and Septimontium continued
into the day today. In the afternoon, preparations for the
celebration of the Ides began.

Today is marked in Iceland by the arrival of the Icelandic
"jolasveinar" (Yuletide Lads), who have absolutely nothing to do with
the international red-clothed Santa Claus or St. Nicholas. The Yuletide
Lads are descended from trolls, and orginally they were bogeymen who
were used to scare children. During this century they have mellowed,
and they sometimes wear their best --- bright red suits --- but they
still tend to pilfer and play tricks. The number of Yuletide Lads
varied in olden times from one region of Iceland to another. The
number 13 is first seen in a poem on Gryla (the Lads' mother) in the
18th century, and their names were published by Jon Arnason in his
folklore collection in A.D. 1862. About 60 different names of Yuletide
Lads are known.

They visit Iceland on each of the 13 days before Christmas. They
usually wear their old Icelandic costumes, and try to pilfer the
goodies each likes best. Gryla and Leppaludi are the parents of the
Yuletide Lads, and their pet is the Christmas Cat; children feared all
these characters in times past.

On December 12 the Yuletide Lads begin to come to town. The first is
Stekkjarstaur (Sheepfold Stick), who would try to drink the milk from
the farmers' ewes.

On December 13 Giljagaur (Gully Oaf) arrives. Before the days of
milking machines, he would sneak into the cowshed and skim the froth
off the pails of milk.

The Lad who arrives on December 14 is Stufur (Shorty), who, as his
name implies, is on the small side. He was also known as Pönnuskefill
(pan-scraper), as he scraped scraps of food of the pans.

On December 15, Svorusleikir (Spoon-licker) comes down from the
mountains. He would steal the wooden spoon that had been used for
stirring. When he visits, he goes looking for wooden spoons.

On December 16, Pottasleikir (Pot-licker) comes visiting. He tried to
snatch pots that had not been washed, and lick the scraps from them.

Askasleikir (Bowl-licker) arrives on December 17. He hid under beds,
and if someone put his wooden food-bowl in the floor, he grabbed it
and licked it clean.

Hurdaskellir (Door-slammer) comes on December 18. He is an awfully
noisy fellow, who is always slamming doors and keeping people awake.
Door Slammer.

The Lad who is expected on December 19 is called Skyrgamur (Curd
Glutton), because he loves skyr (milk curd) so much that he sneaks
into the pantry and gobbles up all the skyr from the tub there.
Bjúgnakrækir (Sausage Pilferer) comes on December 20. He loves
sausages of all kinds, and steals them whenever he can.

On December 21, Gluggagaegir (Peeper) arrives. He is not as greedy as
some of his brothers, but awfully nosy, peeping through windows and
even stealing toys he likes the look of.

On December 22 Gattappefur (Sniffer) comes calling. He has a big nose,
and he loves the smell of cakes being baked for Christmas. He often
tries to snatch a cake or two for himself. December 22 was sometimes
called Hlakkandi (looking forward), because the children had started
looking forward to Christmas.

On 23 December, Ketkrokur (Meat Hook) arrives. He adores all meat. In
olden days he would lower a hook down the kitchen chimney and pull up
a leg of lamb hanging from a rafter, or a bit of smoked lamb from a
pan, as smoked lamb was traditionally cooked on this day.

Kertasníkir (Candle Beggar) comes on Christmas Eve, December 24. He
looks for scraps of candles, as candle light was once the brightest
light available.

Valete bene!

Cato



SOURCES

Polybius, Jolasveinar
(www.jol.ismennt.is/english/christmas-lads-museum.htm)

Salvete

My congratulations to our new Tribunes Gaius Arminius Reccanellus, Marcus Curiatius Complutensis,
Marcus Pontius Sejanus and Quintus Servilius Priscus and to our new Aedilis Plebis Caius Curius Saturninus.

My sincere thanks to our outgoing Plebian magistrates.


Valete

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
Praetor








[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salvete

I'll place my vote for Sabinus. He really showed hard
work and only the gods know how passionate and
perseverent he is.

Optime valete
--- Titus Iulius Sabinus <iulius_sabinus@...>
wrote:

> SALVETE QUIRITES !
>
> I come in front of you to announce my candidacy for
> Quaestor.
> I served this year as Curule Aedile, accensus of
> Consul Pompeia
> Minucia Strabo and scribe of Praetor Tiberius
> Galerius Paulinus.
> I tried to do the best and to fulfill my duties with
> good results.
> In my life I'm business owner and the quaestor job
> is not something
> new for me, as time as, I do that for my company for
> many years.
> In my opinion a Quaestor don't represent only a
> person with financial
> duties, even if historical this is the truth. In
> Cohorts or offices,
> the Quaestor can participate to all Cohorts
> activities.
>
> With respect, I want to please you to give me your
> trust and to vote
> me.
>
> VALETE,
> IVL SABINVS
>
>

Virtus atque Honor

Quintus Iulius Probus
Legatus Militum Provincia Dacia
Scribe Cohors Aedilis Equiti Catoni



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Salvete!

Iulius Titus Sabinus is a dedicate citizen and the results of his efforts make the proof of this. I offer him my support, because i know that his words always become deeds.

valete,
Iulia Caesar Cytheris

Quintus Iulius Probus <iulius_probus@...> wrote:
Salvete

I'll place my vote for Sabinus. He really showed hard
work and only the gods know how passionate and
perseverent he is.

Optime valete
--- Titus Iulius Sabinus <iulius_sabinus@...>
wrote:

> SALVETE QUIRITES !
>
> I come in front of you to announce my candidacy for
> Quaestor.
> I served this year as Curule Aedile, accensus of
> Consul Pompeia
> Minucia Strabo and scribe of Praetor Tiberius
> Galerius Paulinus.
> I tried to do the best and to fulfill my duties with
> good results.
> In my life I'm business owner and the quaestor job
> is not something
> new for me, as time as, I do that for my company for
> many years.
> In my opinion a Quaestor don't represent only a
> person with financial
> duties, even if historical this is the truth. In
> Cohorts or offices,
> the Quaestor can participate to all Cohorts
> activities.
>
> With respect, I want to please you to give me your
> trust and to vote
> me.
>
> VALETE,
> IVL SABINVS
>
>

Virtus atque Honor

Quintus Iulius Probus
Legatus Militum Provincia Dacia
Scribe Cohors Aedilis Equiti Catoni

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Iulia Caesar Cytheris Aege
Provincial Sacerdos
Legatus Internis Rebus Provincia Dacia.

Qui dedit beneficium taceat; narrat qui accepit. (L. Annaeus Seneca)




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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Marca Hortensia,

Perhaps you should get a copy of W. W. Fowler to go along with your H.H. Scullard.

FGA


-----Original Message-----
From: rory12001@...
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Mon, 11 Dec 2006 4:44 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: [ADULT] a.d. III Id. Dec.


M. Hortensia Ap. Iulio spd;
I can't find anything about Juno in Scullard, just a sacrifice
to Pales. I was thinking of you as I've just been reading the terrific
"Roman Homosexuality; Ideologies of Masculinity" by Craig William.
I can see why you recommeded it, it really cuts through our ideas
of assigned sex identity.
I was just thinking, the author never really adresses the fact that
all upper class Roman men had to be married and have children. It
wasn't a choice. Even Pomponius Atticus who lived in Athens had a
daughter.

bene vale
M. Hortensia Maior

> But I cannot find a reference to an Agonalia celebrated to Iuno...
>
> Vale bene,
>
> Cato
>
>
>
>
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> Want to start your own business? Learn how on Yahoo! Small Business.
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

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Cn. Cornelius Lentulus quaestor: Sex. Lucilio Tutori quaestori candidato: Quiritibusque: SPD:


I encourage you, Quirites, to vote Sextus Lucilius Tutor for quaestor. He is my Propraetorial Scribe, a very dedicated citizen, resposible of the area of the Czech Republic. I know him for a long while, he is a very Roman character and I am sure he will make a fine quaestor for the benefit of our Republic.

I support his candidacy wholeheartedly!

SEX. LVCILIVM TVTOREM QVAESTOREM R. P. O. V. F.


Valete!

Cn. Lentulus
QVAESTOR
PROPRAETOR PANNONIAE




Titus Iulius Sabinus <iulius_sabinus@...> ha scritto:
SALVE LUCILI TUTOR !

Lucilius Tutor is a dedicated citizen from his area. I know his work
and his efforts.
I'm glad to see that he run for office. Success, amice !

VALE BENE,
IVL SABINVS



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "sextus_lucilius_tutor"

wrote:

>
> Salve
>
> my name is Sextus Lucilius Tutor, Scriba Propraetoris Provincia
> Pannonia.
> I have decided to stand as a candidate for the position of the post
> questor because the time of election is getting shorter and the posts
> are still available.
>
> It will be for me honour if i can run for quaestor.
>
> Thank you
>
> Sextus Lucilius Tutor
>

Yahoo! Groups Links





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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salvete omnes,

I wholeheartedly support mi amice Titus Iulius Sabinus for Quaestor!

He is an outstanding citizen, full of ideas and energy, always looking
for what is best for Nova Roma and the Nova Romans.

I'll vote for him and I invite you all, fellow citizens, to do the same.

Valete optime,

M•IVL•SEVERVS

PROPRÆTOR•PROVINCIƕMEXICO
ROGATOR
INTERPRETER
SCRIBA•CENSORIS•GEM
MVSÆVS•COLLEGII•ERATOVS•SODALITATIS•MVSARVM
SOCIVS•CHORI•MVSARVM

--
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Ap. Iulius Priscus M. Hortensiae Maiori quiritibus SPD

In fact, there was a strong social pressure for men (and women) to be married. This pressure was even made more consistent by additionally taxing bachelors or diminishing civil rights for people whose sex habits were considered not proper to a paterfamilias or materfamilias, like effeminated homosexuality or practicing prostitution. However, this politics were very unsuccessful.

There are reports of patrician women voluntarily turning prostitutes in order to escape the burdens of being a wife. Marriage turned even a thing to make fun about.
Nero in some of his performances, which seemed live porno shows, presumably celebrated his wedding twice with men, and one of the times he was the bride.

Messalina´s fake and fatal nuptial celebration was probably only intended to be a funny, although provocative, play.Unfortunately, things went wrong for her and all the participants in the orgy. However, his formal marriage with Claudius was a joke, per se.

And Martial, who never married, jokes sarcastically about traditional marriage in epigram CIV of Book VII. If there is no problem in posting its translation with the sign ADULT, I think it is worth. Maybe, Maior, you can get a good english translation.

Valete
Ap. Iul. Priscus

Maior <rory12001@...> wrote:
M. Hortensia Ap. Iulio spd;
I can't find anything about Juno in Scullard, just a sacrifice
to Pales. I was thinking of you as I've just been reading the terrific
"Roman Homosexuality; Ideologies of Masculinity" by Craig William.
I can see why you recommeded it, it really cuts through our ideas
of assigned sex identity.
I was just thinking, the author never really adresses the fact that
all upper class Roman men had to be married and have children. It
wasn't a choice. Even Pomponius Atticus who lived in Athens had a
daughter.

bene vale
M. Hortensia Maior

> But I cannot find a reference to an Agonalia celebrated to Iuno...
>
> Vale bene,
>
> Cato
>
>
>
>
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> Want to start your own business? Learn how on Yahoo! Small Business.
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

---------------------------------
Everyone is raving about the all-new Yahoo! Mail beta.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve Scaurus,

I had some more to add if I may that I came to after some reflection.
The incompatibilities of modern and ancient syncretism aren't fully
true as there is some compatibility between ancient and Nova Roman
syncretism. From my experience of 2-3 years as citizen, I would say
that NR religious syncretism proper bears a lot of resemblance to
late imperial age Romanity. Without going deeply into the subject in
my opinion, it's not a very positive thing as this period in Roman
history was rather decadent- the empire to "fall" within a few
hundred years. However, it bears natural similarity to the widespread
availablity of competing religious systems today- whether it is our
own reflected decadence, I'll leave that to the readers judgement.
It's been a longtime opinion of mine that NR would do better focusing
more on the republican period where SPQR had it's greatest impact
and better served the larger community as it would today online.
Roman religious systems were generally also not syncretistic at this
time and at least echoed the earliest natively Roman/Etruscan
religious practices.

Once again, thanks for your contribution. These topics help to put NR
in better perspective for oneself and makes being an NR citizen an
interesting pursuit.

Vale
L. Fidelius Graecus


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "l_fidelius_graecus"
<l_fidelius_graecus@...> wrote:

>
> Salve Scaurus, et Salvete Omnes.
>
> Well done piece on the nature of syncretism. I fully agree with

your

> perspective on the incompatibility of modern vs. ancient

syncretism.

> I would diverge somewhat in that while different, it was a very
> active principle in Roman history that extended to many areas
> besides religion and was essential to their ideas of conquest. In
> that sense, other differences compared to modern syncretism are
> evident- bridged geographies, the mixing of long established
> traditions among groups now interacting under the Roman aegis.
> Modern syncretism is so different because the context is utterly
> different- now it is purely the backround information that is more
> widely circulated, and people are making purely self-motivated
> choices in their religious tastes not unlike shopping in a mall or
> eating at a buffet.
>
> On the Roman syncretism vis a vis Christianity, it is especially
> apparent in the imperialistic trappings of Christianity as it

became

> a religion with worldly authority- and it's Bishops and Patriarchs
> of Rome coming to resemble the Imperial court- even acting as such
> with the early Middle Ages. Again also I think we have an example

of

> Roman syncretism operating long after it's original religious basis
> had faded.
>
> Fascinating subject- thank you for bring it up in this forum.
>
> Vale, et Valete Omnes,
> L. Fidelius Graecus
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Gregory Rose" <gregory.rose@>
> wrote:
> >
> > Sacurus quiritibus SPD.
> >
> > Syncretism in the ancient world was something quite different from
> > modern syncretism.
> >
> > First, and probably most important, is the difference between the
> way
> > moderns frequently view religion and the way in which the Romans

of

> > antiquity did. For moderns religion is more about themselves than
> > about the Gods: it is a route to self-realisation, self-
> fulfillment, a
> > way to make one happy about oneself. The focus is primarily on

the

> > self. If religion is primarily about the self, then selecting
> what
> > pleases oneself from a variety of religions with only the
> principle of
> > pleasing oneself as the deciding criterion. In antiquity the
> primary
> > focus was on the Di Immortales, on following the tradition cultus
> > handed down from time immemorial to ensure maintenance of the pax
> > Deorum. The emphasis was on pleasing the Gods and keeping entact
> > humanity's contracts with them. To be sure, men supplicated the
> Gods
> > for what they needed and desired, but man's ability to do so was
> > grounded in making sure that the Gods looked favourably upon them
> by
> > adhering precisely to age-old rituals and formulae. Do ut dare

was

> > predicated precisely on recognition of an asymmetry which required
> > that the Gods be placated before they were supplicated. This is
> very
> > different from the modern view.
> >
> > Second, Roman syncretism was based on theological presuppositions
> > different from modern syncretism. Keith Hopkins was right when he
> > characterised antiquity as "a world full of Gods." A polytheism
> which
> > saw divine entities everywhere was the norm. Furthermore, many of
> > these deities were associated with place. In such an environment
> it
> > was only natural that parallels between deities' functions and
> > characteristics would be noted and the idea that, for example,

the

> > Roman Minerva and the Britannic Sulis were the same divine being,
> > Minerva Sulis, arose. This kind of natural syncretism was
> commonplace
> > in the Roman world, and appears to have been encouraged in the
> process
> > of Romanisation. There was also the notion that foreign Gods had
> > power: there is evidence for ritual condemnation of the Gods of
> > foriegn peoples at war with the Romans, aimed at the Di Immortales
> > subjugating the foreign Gods just as Roman armies subjugated
> foreign
> > peoples. It is unsurprising, then, that once a people was
> conquered
> > and the process of Romanisation begun the assimilation of their
> > foreign Gods to the Roman pantheon would occur. This did not
> happen
> > in every case, but, again, it was the norm for conquered peoples.
> >
> > Third, the introduction of foreign cults into the religio publica
> was
> > primarily a function of prodigy. A grave crisis or miraculous
> portent
> > signaled the acceptability of a foreign cult's alliance with Rome
> and
> > her Gods -- Magna Deorum Mater during the Punic Wars and Isis in
> the
> > reign of Gaius Caligula are two salient examples. Worship of the
> > foreign was always regarded as aberrant by the Romans unless the
> > foreign cult was part of the officially sanctioned sacra

peregrina

> or
> > a result of Romanising assimilation.
> >
> > Fourth, the first great monotheism, Judaism, provided mightily
> > impervious to such syncretism in the Roman world precisely

because

> it
> > rejected polytheism absolutely. When there was a Sanhedrin, a

Jew

> who
> > embraced avodah zarah (and both the Hellenic cults and the Religio
> > Romana were archetypes of avodah zarah, as even the most cursory
> > examination of the Talmud reveals) was subject to capital
> punishment.
> > Judaism's definition of the divine excluded the polytheism which
> was
> > at the Religio Romana's base. Likewise, the second great
> monotheism
> > rejected Roman syncretism. As Cato has pointed out, Christianity
> > denies that other religions, the Religio Romana included, are
> paths to
> > the divine. If Christianity had been acceptant of polytheism,

most

> > Romans would have regarded it as less of a threat, and there would
> > have been rather fewer Christian martyrs. The chance for such an
> > accommodation died with Arianism. The syncretism of Christianity
> was
> > not the positive syncretism of the Religio Romana, but rather a
> > negative syncretism: the church was prepared to coopt rituals and
> > holidays of the polytheistic world in order to make its message
> more
> > palatable to a polytheist audience, but it always changed these
> > borrowings in such a way as to focus on Christianity's exclusive
> claim
> > to the divine.
> >
> > Fifth, ritual magic was abhorred by the Romans, most especially

in

> the
> > Republican period, because it was associated with invocation of
> > malevolent spirits to work mischief or greater evils; veneficium
> was
> > the generic term for such magic, and came to be associated with
> murder
> > by poisoning. Ritual magic was the province of foreigners; some
> > Romans might stoop to purchasing their services, but the social
> stigma
> > if discovered was enormous.
> >
> > It is on these grounds that I reject modern syncretism as
> incompatible
> > with the Religio Romana. It approaches religion in a way alien to
> > Roman syncretism. It embraces a melange of religions with little
> > respect for the principles on which those religions were based,
> > especially so when it attempts to syncretise Judaism or
> Christianity,
> > and it allows for practices which the Romans scorned.
> >
> > I do not condemn Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, or Wicca, but I
> do
> > assert that they have nothing to do with Religio Romana and assert
> > that their syncretistic practice with the Religio Romana is

utterly

> > un-Roman. People can tout all they like how wonderful the modern
> > world is letting people blend all sorts of religions in their
> belief
> > systems. It's quite true that the modern world encourages this.
> But
> > the argument is no refutation of my contention, for the grounds on
> > which I reject it is that the syncretism of Rome is not the
> syncretism
> > of the modern world. The Religio Romana is not some generic
> > "paganism" -- it is a specific polytheism with a specific

tradition

> > and a specific set of conditions for a unique approach to
> syncretism.
> >
> > Valete.
> >
> > Scaurus
> >
>

Salvete

If any citizen of Nova Roma is a CPA, investment banker, or tax lawyer ,residing in the USA,
would you please drop be a note to that effect.



Valete

Tiberius Galerius Paulinus


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

It goes without saying that I cannot endorse Iulius Sabinus strongly
enough; he is the very model of a Roman citizen, and anyone foe whom
he works as quaestor would be very lucky indeed!

Valete bene,

Cato

P. Memmius Albucius omnibus s.d.

Veuillez trouver ci-joint l'édit n° 59- 38 relatif à l'organisation de la province de Gaule.
_______________________

Please find attached the edict nb 59-38 concerning the organization of province of Gaul (Gallia).

Valete,

scr. Cadomago, civ. Viducassium, Gallia, pridie Idus Dec. MMDCCLVIIII a.u.c.


Publius Memmius Albucius
Propraetor Galliae



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salvete!
I would also like to add my voice of support for Titus Iulius Sabinus for
Quaestor!
This gentleman's enthusiasm for Nova Roma is positively contagious! More
importantly to NR is that he is a very hard worker. I would have liked to
see him as Praetor, so I am very happy to see that he has offered his
services to Nova Roma once agin.

Vote for Sabinus and you'll never have reason to regret it!

Valete,
Diana Octavia Aventina

SALVETE !

I'm really emotioned to see how our best citizens are near me and
they support my candidacy.

My thanks to you Equite Marine! You are a fine example for all of us.
My thanks to you Artoria Marcella! Your friendship honored me.
My thanks to you Iulii Probe! Have a good time in Swiss, amice.
My thanks to you Iulia Cytheris! You are my sister!
My thanks to you Iuli Severe! I don't believe in that Ocean between
us.
My thanks to you Equite Cato! The same respect from my part, my
friend.
My thanks to you Diana Octavia! You have my friendship for life.

Not finally, my thanks to all Novi Romani. You all represent the
best part of my life.


VALETE,
IVL SABINVS

Cn. Iulius Caesar quiritibusque SPD.

Iulius Sabinus has proved to be an excellent citizen and governor. He
was also an excellent and dedicated Curule Aedile. He also owns buckets
of common sense, which of course isn't very common at all.

Vote for an excellent candidate - vote for Iulius Sabinus as quaestor!

SALVE IULI CAESAR !

Thank you for your nice support and for your kind words from your blog.


VALE BENE,
IVL SABINVS

Gnaeus Iulius Caesar <gn_iulius_caesar@...> wrote:
Cn. Iulius Caesar quiritibusque SPD.

Iulius Sabinus has proved to be an excellent citizen and governor. He
was also an excellent and dedicated Curule Aedile. He also owns buckets
of common sense, which of course isn't very common at all.

Vote for an excellent candidate - vote for Iulius Sabinus as quaestor!







Novi Romani !
SUPPORT the Project Magna Mater :
http://www.dacia-novaroma.org/draft2.htm

"Every individual is the architect of his own fortune" - Appius Claudius





---------------------------------
Want to start your own business? Learn how on Yahoo! Small Business.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salvete omnes,

I share the same thoughts with Gnaeus Iulius Caesar regarding Iulius
Sabinus and his dedication to NR is unquestionable. You can be sure
he has my vote and confidence !

Regards,

QSP





--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Gnaeus Iulius Caesar"
<gn_iulius_caesar@...> wrote:

>
> Cn. Iulius Caesar quiritibusque SPD.
>
> Iulius Sabinus has proved to be an excellent citizen and governor.

He

> was also an excellent and dedicated Curule Aedile. He also owns

buckets

> of common sense, which of course isn't very common at all.
>
> Vote for an excellent candidate - vote for Iulius Sabinus as

quaestor!

>

VICESIMA QUARTA
The Newsletter of
LEGION XXIV - MEDIA ATLANTIA

NOVEMBER - DECEMBER 2006

Gallio Velius Marsallas / George Metz
Praefectus - Commander
13 Post Run - Newtown Square PA 19073-3014
610-353-4982
legionxxiv@... www.legionxxiv.org

Commilitones:

ADVENAE
*** Dirk Behana, Tiberius Grattis Galba, dbehana@... has signed on from Perryopolis PA, near Pittsburgh. He has done Civ-War and French & Indian, but has always had an interest in Ancient Rome. Dirk is an operating room nurse, which could come in handy if any of us ever gets nicked by an angry Celt. He is actively engaging in getting his kit together and we look forward to having him with us in the future.
*** Bill Bilecki is a former revolutionary war reenactor and has always been fascinated by and interested in ancient Rome.
He lives in New Jersey and is used to traveling with the Revolutionary War group he I belonged to. His past Rev-War experience should make him a welcome addition to our ranks.
*** Stephen Boyce, Manius Vergilius Celsus, sboyce@... is signing-up from Ann Arbor, MI. He is a history teacher and a former Army infantry soldier and as such, will be a valuable addition to our ranks. He has been assigned to our Mid-West Vexillation unit and we look forward to having him turn-out with us at our annual Fort Meigs and Fort Malden campaigns.

NEW DRACO STANDARD FOR LEGION XXIV
The Legion now has a Draco standard. See it at www.legionxxiv.org/signum in the Draco section. It was commissioned by the Commander and was expertly executed by Joe Piela of Lonely Mountain Forge. It is based on the Draco on display in the Mainz Museum in Germany. It look like a dragon's head and features a tongue which extends out from its open mouth. Draco Standards were adopted during the Late Empire, 250-400 AD and were generally carried by cavalry units. The hollow head, in the form of a toothed dragon, was formed from metal and the wind passing through it would extend a cloth tube tail attached to the neck of the head. Draco standards were also used in cavalry "Gymnasia" (games), such as the "Hypakka" where points were scored for strikes from dummy pilums on the tail piece of the Draco standards being carried by the Draco Team acting as "targets". The dummy pilums would be thrown by another team of riders acting as the "aggressors".
While you are on the Signum Page, take a look at the snazzy Imago Standard made-up by the Perz's of our Mid-West Vexillation. It was debuted at Fort Meigs in Perrysburg, Ohio in June 2006.

DEEPEEKA PROGRESS
This from the Legion XX Adlocvtio Newsletter - Roman Army Talk board member Adrian W. just spent a couple weeks in India, working with Deepeeka to improve a large number of their products. The results are amazing! The emphasis was on helmets, not surprisingly, but we should also be seeing a new belt and dagger, sword improvements, and more. For details, see the Deepeeka section of the Roman Army Talk board, in particular the thread entitled "Peroni's Progress Update Diary":
http://www.romanarmy.com/rat/viewforum.php?f=41
http://www.romanarmy.com/rat/viewtopic.php?t=11790
Matt Amt of Legion XX will be taking a look at all the photos in the next few weeks, but basically ANY of the improved or completely new items should be completely acceptable for Legio XXIV use (noting that some are not from our usual time period).
New items include a new version of Italic D from Krefeld, Italic B, Coolus D, Gallic F, and at least one style of Montefortino helmet. Folks interested in later eras will see excellent progress on a number of helmets as well.

POMPEII EXHIBIT ENCAMPMENT BB-60 ALABAMA STATE PARK
From Rusty Myers, Legio VI Ferrata:
Pompeii Dies Pro Vesuvius: Pompeii, the Day Before Vesuvius
NOTE NEW DATE! February 2-4, Mobile, Alabama
http://legvi.tripod.com/pompeiidiesprovesuvius/
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/pompeiireborn/

Rusty has been contacted by the Exploreum Museum (www.exploreum.net) regarding hosting an event February 2-4, 2007, in
conjunction with the US Premier of the Pompeii Exhibit opening at the Museum in Mobile, Alabama. Essentially this would be a Friday, Saturday, Sunday event, so we would look to a Late Thursday/early Friday arrival time. The museum is looking at assisting re-enactors with reimbursement for travel, very low hotel rates for those who need to hotel ($55-$75 at a brand new Renaissance Marriot which is re-opening in conjunction with the Pompeii Exhibit). A feast Saturday evening, and most importantly: Free admission to actually see the Pompeii Exhibit (perhaps with a private guide). This exhibit will be touring the US in 2007 and I believe will only be at about 4 locations nationwide, so that is a unique opportunity! The event would be hosted at the USS Alabama State Park (www.ussalabama.com) which also has a number of attractions many of us would find interesting. We will be able to stay onsite, camp, and cook. Think of it as Nashville, with a Battleship, and events for the re-enactors, plus a
chance to see the Pompeii Exhibit. Basically Rusty needs to know how many folks are interested! Pretty much any Roman impression will be welcome, as we will be taking the Castra Romana Marketplace and plan to have a large soldiers camp, a market, and other Roman related events. Soldiers? Civilians? Senators? Vendors? He does not need a commitment now, just rough numbers for planning. Please shoot him an email atjustuslonginus@... with numbers or ideas. \
While this is a long way to go, it should be worth the trip. Your Commander was at an encampment and saw the Pompeii Exhibit when it was at the Canadian Museum in Ottawa and the exhibit displays are worth the effort to see them.
Also, if you have never been aboard a large battleship, the BB-60 Alabama with its 16-inch guns and other weapons is quite awesome and inspiring - And - it is a lot warmer in Alabama in February then it is up north!

COPY OF ROBINSON'S ARMOUR OF IMPERIAL ROME FOR SALE!!
Hibernicus of Legion IX has a very good copy of The Armour of Imperial Rome by Robinson for sale, and it includes the original dust jacket. $300
Compare prices at Abe Books http://www.abebooks.com
USA shipping $25 EU shipping $75
write him direct: legioix@...

EQUIPMENT FOR SALE
Mike Cope of Legion XX may still have some pieces of gear for sale. Contact him at vergil96@... for details and haggling.
All items are well-maintained and in great condition, and "Legio XXIV Approved".
This could be a good opportunity for our newer members to get some good equipment at reasonable cost.
--Corbridge type A lorica segmentata made by Joe Piela of Lonely Mountain Forge, $500.
--Museum Replicas Pompeii gladius, $350. Mike replaced the whole hilt and added openwork decoration to the scabbard. Second from right in this photo:
http://www.larp.com/legioxx/gladii3.jpg
--Mainz/Fulham type gladius, prototype blade from Albion Armorers, hilt and scabbard by Mike, $250.

REENACTORS WANTED
Hyphenated-Productions is currently pitching a major network a new television show about REENACTORS. They are looking for five to ten energetic, vivacious, gregarious, young or old, male or female enthusiastic REENACTORS who are not afraid to represent their battle in the homes of thousands of television viewers. If you fit the above attributes and feel you'd make the best choice, please email a select group of pictures (REQUIRED to be considered), any video if available, a brief bio, your REENACT-ing preferences and any contact information. http://hyphenated-productions@...
Taylor Marshall-Green & Eva Nagorski - Hyphenated ­ Productions 310 E. 46th St. 11B New York, NY 10017
hyphenatedproductions@...
212-682-2070 (phone/fax)

BEST WISHES AND GRATITUDE

I am most gratified that our Legion XXIV has prospered over the years since 1998 and I Thank You All for helping to make the Legion one of the more well recognized and respected Roman reenactment units.

I extend my most sincere Wishes that this Holiday Season of 2006, and the coming year of 2007, may bring friends to your fireside, peace to your pathway and good health and happiness to you and yours, along with the enduring friendships and the many freedoms with which we have all been blessed.



Merry Christmas / Happy Hanukah !! And a Prosperous New Year !!!



And - Don't make any New Year's Resolutions that you would not want to get caught breaking!



UPCOMING CAMPAIGNS for LEGION XXIV and OTHER EVENTS for 2007

*** March 17 Possible participation on St. Patricks Day Parade in Scranton, PA

*** Mar 22 - 25 Defense of Fort Lafe, Lafe, AR a total immersion event, closed to the public, with a gate house, towers, walls and bunk house.
*** April 14 - 15 Marching Through Time, Marietta Mansion, Glenn Dale, MD

*** August 4 - 5 Fort Malden Military History Days, Amherstburg, ONT


Thanking you for your continued support of Legion XXIV, I remain;

Yours in the Bonds of Ancient Rome

Gallio / George



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

OSD C. Equitius Cato

Salvete omnes!

Hodie est Idibus Decembribus; haec dies nefastus publicus est.

"And now it may well be asked, what part is left to the people in this
government: since the senate, on the one hand, is vested with the
sovereign power, in the several instances that have been enumerated,
and more especially in all things that concern the management and
disposal of the public treasure; and since the consuls, on the other
hand, are entrusted with the absolute direction of the preparations
that are made for war, and exercise an uncontrolled authority on the
field. There is, however, a part still allotted to the people; and,
indeed, the most important part. For, first, the people are the sole
dispensers of rewards and punishments; which are the only bands by
which states and kingdoms, and, in a word, all human societies, are
held together. For when the difference between these is overlooked, or
when they are distributed without due distinction, nothing but
disorder can ensue. Nor is it possible, indeed, that the government
should be maintained if the wicked stand in equal estimation with the
good. The people, then, when any such offences demand such punishment,
frequently condemn citizens to the payment of a fine: those especially
who have been invested with the dignities of the state. To the people
alone belongs the right to sentence any one to die. Upon this occasion
they have a custom which deserves to be mentioned with applause. The
person accused is allowed to withdraw himself in open view, and
embrace a voluntary banishment, if only a single tribe remains that
has not yet given judgment; and is suffered to retire in safety to
Praeneste, Tibur, Naples, or any other of the confederate cities. The
public magistrates are allotted also by the people to those who are
esteemed worthy of them: and these are the noblest rewards that any
government can bestow on virtue. To the people belongs the power of
approving or rejecting laws and, which is still of greater importance,
peace and war are likewise fixed by their deliberations. When any
alliance is concluded, any war ended, or treaty made; to them the
conditions are referred, and by them either annulled or ratified. And
thus again, from a view of all these circumstances, it might with
reason be imagined, that the people had engrossed the largest portion
of the government, and that the state was plainly a democracy.

Such are the parts of the administration, which are distinctly
assigned to each of the three forms of government, that are united in
the commonwealth of Rome. It now remains to be considered, in what
manner each several form is enabled to counteract the others, or to
cooperate with them." - Polybius, Histories VI


"From Zeus let us begin; him do we mortals never leave unnamed; full
of Zeus are all the streets and all the marketplaces of men; full is
the sea and the heavens thereof...He it was who first set up the signs
in heaven...Wherefore him do we men ever worship first and last." -
Aratus, "Phenomena"

"The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, designed by Tarquinius
Priscus, built by Tarquinius Superbus, and dedicated in 509 B.C. by
the consul M. Horatius Pulvillus, stood on a high platform •207 1/2
feet long, by 192 1/2 feet broad. The front of the edifice, ornamented
with their rows of columns, faced the south. The style of the
architecture was purely Etruscan, and the intercolumniations were so
wide as to require architraves of timber.º The cella was divided into
three sections, the middle one of which was sacred to Jupiter, that on
the right to Minerva, that on the left to Juno regia; the top of the
pediment was ornamented with a terra-cotta quadriga. Of the same
material was the statue of the god, with the face painted red, and the
body dressed in a tunica palmata and a toga picta, the work of an
Etruscan artist, Turianus of Fregenae.

In 386 B.C. it was found necessary to enlarge the platform in the
centre of which the temple stood; and as the hill was sloping, even
precipitous, on three sides, it was necessary to raise huge foundation
walls from the plain below to the level of the platform, a work
described by Pliny (xxxvi.15,24) as prodigious, and by Livy (vi.4) as
one of the wonders of Rome.

On July 6, 83 B.C., four hundred and twenty-six years after its
dedication by Horatius Pulvillus, an unknown malefactor, taking
advantage of the abundance of timber used in the structure, set fire
to it, and utterly destroyed the sanctuary which for four centuries
had presided over the fates of the Roman Commonwealth. The incendiary,
less fortunate than Erostratos, remained unknown, the suspicions cast
at the time against Papirius Carbo, Scipio, p87Norbanus and Sulla
having proved groundless. He probably belonged to the faction of
Marius, because we know that Marius himself laid hands on the
half-charred ruins of the temple, and pillaged several thousand pounds
of gold." - Rodolfo Lanciani, "Pagan Shrines and Temples" II


Today is sacred to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus.


"I reached the Alps: the soul within me burned
Italia, my Italia, at thy name:
And when from out the mountain's heart I came
And saw the land for which my life had yearned,
I laughed as one who some great prize had earned:
And musing on the story of thy fame
I watched the day, till marked with wounds of flame
The turquoise sky to burnished gold was turned
The pine-trees waved as waves a woman's hair,
And in the orchards every twining spray
Was breaking into flakes of blossoming foam..." - Oscar Wilde, "Salve
Saturnia Tellus"

"Let Tellus, fertile in fruits and herds,
present Ceres with a crown of wheat stalks;
let the healthy waters and breezes of Jupiter nourish the offspring."
- Horace, Carmina Saeculares 29-32

"They say that whereas the one great mother has a tympanum, it is
signified that she is the orb of the earth; whereas she has towers on
her head, towns are signified; and whereas seats are fixed round about
her, it is signified that whilst all things move, she moves not. And
their having made the Galli to serve this goddess, signifies that they
who are in need of seed ought to follow the earth for in it all seeds
are found. By their throwing themselves down before her, it is taught
that they who cultivate the earth should not sit idle, for there is
always something for them to do. The sound of the cymbals signifies
the noise made by the throwing of iron utensils, and by men's hands,
and all other noises connected with agricultural operations; and these
cymbals are of brass, because the ancients used brazen utensils in
their agriculture before iron was discovered. They place beside the
goddess an unbound and tame lion, to show that there is no kind of
land so wild and so excessively barren as that it would be profitless
to attempt to bring it in and cultivate it. They think that Tellus is
Ops, because the earth is improved by labor; Mother, because it brings
forth much; Great, because it brings forth seed; Proserpine, because
fruits creep forth from it; Vesta, because it is invested with herbs.
And thus they not at all absurdly identify other goddesses with the
earth." - from Augustine of Hippo, "City of God" ch. 23

Today is also sacred to Tellus, often called Tellus Mater. She was
seen as the goddess of the earth, fertility, motherhood and pregnant
women. Her temple, the Aedes Telluris, was dedicated on 13 December
268 B.C., on the Esquiline Hill near the Templum Pax (Temple of Peace)
on the Forum Pacis. Tellus was invoked during earthquakes, because her
temple had been dedicated in consequence of an earthquake that
occurred during a battle with the Picentes.

Valete bene!

Cato



SOURCES

Polybius, Aratus, Horace, Augustine of Hippo, Wilde

Salve amice,

This reminds me of the scene: Are you Mr. Laenas?" "Who wants to
know?"

I used to practice as a CPA - what's up?

Laenas


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Stephen Gallagher" <spqr753@...>
wrote:

>
> Salvete
>
> If any citizen of Nova Roma is a CPA, investment banker, or tax

lawyer ,residing in the USA,

> would you please drop be a note to that effect.
>
>
>
> Valete
>
> Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Hi everyone,

I just saw the movie and liked it. The only reservation I had was the
very end which I will not spoil but I was a little confused since I
thought the Mayan civilization was a done deal by 1000 AD+, -. Anyway
I went home, checked the encyclopedia and internet and found out the
Mayans lived in some the old cities on th Yucatan but more or less
like hamlets independent of one another until the 16th century.
Therefore a dirty slovenly looking city was perhaps not far off the
mark.

As usual some of the Mexican and Central American scholars pointed
out some of the problems and inaccuracies of the movie such as the
Mayan language being an evolved modern Yucatan dialect, different
than the ancient language and that the producer showed the Mayans to
be far too blood thirsty and did apparently they did not not have the
huge mass sacrificial killings as did the Aztecs. There were even a
few suggestions of racism from the more left politically correct
there but all in all everyone agreed that in the least, the movie
will certainly start promoting more interest in the Mayans and their
culture as Gladiator did for Rome and Latin studies. I have friends
who work in those areas and there is much work and little funding so
lets see what transpires.

Regards,

QSP

PS My last Spanish teacher's husband is Mayan and one time he taught
me some words and phrases from that language. Boy of boy, the
pronounciation is something else and I had to repeat words and
phrases a good 10 times before I could adjust my vocal cords. Other
pronounciations in European languages feel like a breeze after that!

Reminder from:		Nova-Roma's Calendar
Title:		Market Day Chat on IRC
Date:		Wednesday December 13, 2006
Time:		6:00 pm - 7:00 pm
Repeats:		This event does not repeat.
Location:		irc://irc.novaroma.org/NovaRoma
Description:		See http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Market_Day_%28Nova_Roma%29 for more info

Copyright © 2006  Yahoo! Inc. All Rights Reserved | Terms of Service | Privacy Policy

Salve,

The second season for HBO's Rome will start on January 14.

Vale,
Quintus Servilius Priscus


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salvete, quirites,

Due to pressing professional subjects, I will leave Republic affairs
until 18 december.

--
Valete bene in pacem deorum,
L. Arminius Faustus

"Vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo, prospera omnia cedunt" - Salustius

I, Caius Arminius Reccanellus (Waldir F. Reccanello), do solemnly swear to uphold the honour of Nova Roma and to act always in the best interests of the people and senate of Nova Roma.

As Tribune of the Plebeians of Nova Roma, I, Caius Arminius Reccanellus (Waldir F. Reccanello), swear to honour the Gods and Goddesses of Rome in my public dealings and to pursue the Roman Virtues in my public and private life.

I, Caius Arminius Reccanellus (Waldir F. Reccanello), swear to uphold and defend the Religio Romana as the State Religion of Nova Roma and swear never to act in a way that would threaten its status as the State Religion.

I, Caius Arminius Reccanellus (Waldir F. Reccanello), swear to protect and defend the constitution of Nova Roma.

I, Caius Arminius Reccanellus (Waldir F. Reccanello), further swear to fulfill the obligations and responsibilities of the office of Consul to the best of my abilities.

On my honour as a citizen of Nova Roma and in the presence of the Gods and Goddesses of the Roman people and by their will and favor, do I accept the position of Consul and all the rights, privileges, obligations and responsibilities attendant thereto.

Vale & Valete
C.ARMINIVS.RECCANELLVS
======================
PROPRAETOR.PROVINCIAE.BRASILIAE
TRIBVNVS.PLEBIS.NOVAE.ROMAE
SCRIBA
"Quousque tandem, Lula, abutere patientia nostra?"

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

SALVE !

THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT CN.CORNELIUS LENTULUS. IT IS FOR ME
REFRESHMENT THAT I CAN HEAR WORDS SUPPORT FROM YOU. BE A QUESTOR IN
NOVA ROMA IS GOOD OPPORTUNITY FOR CITIZEN OF NOVA ROMA HOW CAN SHOW A
HEAT FOR REPUBLIC ! I PRAY TO GODS TO WIN THE BEST MEN.

VALE

SEXTUS LUCILIUS TUTOR

Thank you Priscus! You read my mind. I was just about to send an email and
ask if anyone had heard anything!
Vale,
Diana

Salve Quirites;

I was wondering if some of you might not lend me a helping hand with some questions I have concerning some aspects of religion in the Roman world during classical times. Specifically I need info (including primary source quotes if available) on the following:

1. Was the Emperor only worshiped after his apotheosis?
2. Was a belief in life after death common in the Roman world?
3. Was the Ass a sacred animal in the Roman world?
4. Did the Essenes in fact produce the Dead Sea Scrolls?
5. Can polemical sources still be used as historical sources?
6. Did syncretism play a minor or major role in ancient polytheism?
7. Do similar vertical apocalypic visions exist in Judaism and Christianity?
8. Was Christianity similar to other mystery cults in the Roman world?
9. As far as the ancient Romans were concerned, was there such a thing as separation of religion and politics?

Specific answers to these questions are not necessary (though they would be helpful), simply pointing me in the right direction where I will be able to get educated and informed replies would be of great assistance.

Vale,
Gaius Antonius Mulus



---------------------------------
Cheap Talk? Check out Yahoo! Messenger's low PC-to-Phone call rates.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

I just realized that over the last 18 months the NR mainlist has generated
over 4000 emails.
No wonder my inbox is getting full.
;-)

--

>|P. Dominus Antonius|<

Tony Dah m

Si vis pacem, para bellum - Vegetius
Mahometismus religio pacis, nex omnibus dissentint.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve P. Domini Antoni,

Like we say about the catering and their groceries in the oil patch -
better a little too much than too little!

Regards,

QSP





--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "P. Dominus Antonius"
<marsvigilia@...> wrote:

>
> I just realized that over the last 18 months the NR mainlist has

generated

> over 4000 emails.
> No wonder my inbox is getting full.
> ;-)
>
> --
> >|P. Dominus Antonius|<
> Tony Dah m
>
> Si vis pacem, para bellum - Vegetius
> Mahometismus religio pacis, nex omnibus dissentint.
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>