Salvete Quirites;
this is the reform that Pontifices Modianus, Metellus, Astur with
the scholarly help of A. Apollonius Cordus, who has degree in
Classics and law drew up.
We were all very happy about it.....
Marca Hortensia Maior
- In
ReligioRomana@yahoogroups.com, "Q. Caecilius Metellus"
<metellus@...> wrote:
QVOD BONVM FAVSTVM FELIX FORTVNATVMQVE SIT POPVLO ROMANO QUIRITIBVS
The Collegium Pontificum having met in order to vote on RESPONSVM DE
QVATTVOR SVMMIS COLLEGIIS and RESPONSVM DE COLLEGIO PONTIFICVM,
convened
by Pontifex C. Fabius Buteo Modianus, the decision was that both
items
were approved.
RESPONSVM DE QVATTVOR SVMMIS COLLEGIIS
PROEMIVM (Preamble)
The objective of this legislative proposal is to amend the
Constitution
of Nova Roma in order to provide a framework for a more faithful
reconstruction of the religious institutions of the Roman Republic.
The first paragraphs deal with the elimination of "priestly decrees"
as
a source of law in Nova Roma. The last one substitutes the current
paragraphs of the Constitution that define the religious
institutions of
Nova Roma.
-------
I. The paragraph I.A. of the Constitution of Nova Roma shall be
amended
to read as follows:
"A. This Constitution shall be the basic authority for all
decision-making within Nova Roma and shall limit the authority of
all
magistrates and bodies, and all leges (laws) passed by the comitia,
magisterial edicta (edicts) and Senatus consulta shall be subject to
it
except as provided by the following three provisos: [...]"
II. The paragraph I.B. of the Constitution of Nova Roma shall be
amended
to read as follows:
"B. Legal precedence. This Constitution shall be the highest legal
authority within Nova Roma, apart from edicts issued by a legally
appointed dictator. It shall thereafter be followed in legal
authority
by edicta issued by consuls acting under the Senatus consulta
ultima,
laws properly voted and passed by one of the comitia, Senatus
consulta,
and magisterial edicta (in order of descending authority as
described in
section IV of this Constitution), in that order. Should a lower
authority conflict with a higher authority, the higher authority
shall
take precedence. Should a law passed by one of the comitia
contradict
one passed by another or the same comitia without explicitly
superseding
that law, the most recent law shall take precedence."
III. The paragraph III.A. of the Constitution of Nova Roma shall be
amended to read as follows:
"A. The Comitia Curiata (Assembly of Curiae) shall be made up of
thirty
lictores curiati (lictors of the Curia), appointed to their position
by
the Senatus following a responsum from the Collegium Pontificum
(College
of Pontiffs). It shall be called to order by the Pontifex Maximus,
who
shall set the rules by which the Comitia Curiata shall operate
internally following the pertinent responsa from the Collegium
Pontificum. It shall have the following responsibilities:
[...]"
IV. The paragraph VI. of the Constitution of Nova Roma shall be
amended
to read as follows:
"VI. Public Religious Institutions
A. The Cultus Deorum Romanorum, the worship of the Gods and
Goddesses of
Rome, shall be the official religion of Nova Roma. All magistrates
and
senators, as officers of the State, shall be required to publicly
show
respect for the Cultus Deorum and the Gods and Goddesses that made
Rome
great, and to perform the public religious rites and ceremonies
established by the law. Magistrates, senators, and citizens need not
be
practitioners of the Cultus Deorum in the their private lifes, but
may
not engage in any activity that intentionally blasphemes or defames
the
Gods, the Cultus Deorum, or its practitioners.
B. The priesthoods of the Gods of Rome shall be organized as closely
as
practical on the ancient Roman model. The institutions of the Cultus
Deorum shall have authority over religious matters on the level of
the
State only, maintaining the religious rites of the State and
providing
resources pertaining to the Cultus Deorum which citizens may make
use of
if they so choose. Nova Roma shall approach all other religions with
a
syncretistic outlook, offering friendship to all paths which
acknowledge
the right of those who practice and honor the Cultus Deorum to do so
and
respect the beliefs thereof. Only citizens of Nova Roma may be
members
of the public institutions of the Cultus Deorum.
C. The four major priestly colleges of Nova Roma shall be, in order
of
precedence:
1. The Collegium Pontificum
2. The Collegium Augurum
3. The Collegium Decemvirorum Sacris Faciundis
4. The Collegium Septemvirorum Epulonum
Besides these four colleges, there shall be other religious
collegia,
sodalitates and sacerdotes, both public and private.
D. Each Collegium shall have a particular area of responsibility,
authority and expertise. Consultations formulated to a given
Collegium
may be referred to a different Collegium if, according to a majority
of
the members of the Collegium expressing their opinion, they do not
correspond to the sphere of that Collegium.
1. The Collegium Pontificum shall have the following duties and
responsibilities:
a. To respond, upon the request of the magistrates, the Senate, or
private citizens, to consultations about the sacra publica, the
sacra
privata, burial practices and all the religious practices that do
not
explicitly fall in the sphere of a different Collegium.
b. To issue and maintain the official religious calendar, indicating
all
religious festivals, dies fasti, nefasti, comitiales and endotercisi.
c. To take care of the festivities and the temples that do not have
a
specific priest assigned to them.
2. The Collegium Augurum shall have the following duties and
responsibilities:
a. To respond, upon the request of the magistrates, the Senate, or
private citizens, to consultations about divination public
divination
practices and the consecration of spaces and magistrates (jus
augurum).
b. To celebrate the Augurium Salutis in times of peace for the
well-being of the Roman people.
c. To perform the inauguratio of cities, temples, priests and
magistrates.
d. To oversee and advise the magistrate (auspex) with jus auspicium
when
he takes the auguries upon calling a comitia to assemble, upon
taking
office as a magistrate, at the erection of a temple, and on other
occasions, seeing that the rite was done correctly and that nothing
might invalidate it. They shall not take the auspices themselves,
nor
determine how the signs should finally be read.
3. The Collegium Decemvirorum Sacris Faciundis shall have the
following
duties and responsibilities:
a. To maintain the Libri Sibyllini. To propose to the Senate the
inclusion of new texts into the Libri Sibyllini. To maintain other
officially approved prophetic texts.
b. To consult, at the request of the Senate, the Libri Sibyllini in
order to discover the religious observances necessary to avert
extraordinary calamities and to expiate ominous prodigies.
c. To verify the application of the Sibylline oracles. To preside
over
the religious practices prescribed by them.
d. To preside over the cleaning of the Black Stone of Pesinunte.
e. To celebrate the games of Apollo and the Ludi Saeculares.
4. The Collegium Septemvirorum Epulonum shall have the following
duties
and responsibilities:
a. To organize the banquets of public festivals and games,
especially
the Epulum Jovis.
E. Whenever a conflict concerning jurisdiction occurs between two
Collegia, the Senate of Nova Roma shall, through senatus consultum,
be
the ultimate judge on which Collegium should be consulted."
F. The various Collegia shall have the following maximum number of
members:
1. In the Collegium Pontificum there shall be a maximum of nine (9)
Pontifices, including one (1) Pontifex Maximus.
2. In the Collegium Augurum there shall be a maximum of nine (9)
Augures.
3. In the Collegium Decemvirorum Sacris Faciundis there shall be a
maximum of ten (10) Decemviri Sacris Faciundis.
4. In the Collegium Septemvirorum Epulonum there shall be a maximum
of
seven (7) Septemviri Epulones.
G. Each Collegium shall be responsible in front of the Senate and
the
Comitia of recruiting and providing the means to instruct
prospective
new members, so that the maximum number of members for each
Collegium is
kept at all times.
H. Whenever a new member has to be coopted into one of the Quattuor
Summa Collegia, with that Collegium having at least three current
members, two members of that Collegium shall be selected by all the
current members and, between them, the two selected members shall
draw
up a shortlist of three candidates. All the members shall then elect
a
candidate from the shortlist. The candidate receiving the most votes
shall then be inaugurated as member of the Collegium within one
month,
with all the duties and privileges associated with the position.
I. Should at any time one of the Quattuor Summa Collegia, excluding
the
Collegium Pontificum, have less than three (3) members, the
following
process shall be followed:
1. The members of the Collegium Pontificum shall issue a responsum
indicating their recommendations to the Senate on who might be
adlected
to the other collegia.
2. The Senate shall appoint through a senatus consultum the members
necessary to reach three (3) members in the specific collegium.
3. The consules shall call the Comitia Populi Tributa to order to
confirm the Senate's selections.
J. Should the Collegium Pontificum at any time have less than (3)
members, Senate shall appoint the members necessary to reach that
number, and the consules shall call the Comitia Populi Tributa to
order
to confirm the Senate's selections.
K. The members of each one of the Quattuor Summa Collegia shall have
the
duty to respond, upon request from the magistrates or private
citizens,
to questions about Roman ritual practice. These responses shall be
called "decreta" (sing. "decretum") or "responsa"
(sing. "responsum").
For an official responsum to be issued, the consultation must be
officially presented, either by the consultor or by a member of the
Collegium, to all the members of that Collegium as a whole through
the
public mailing list indicated for this purpose by the internal rules
of
the Collegium Itself.
L. Responsa shall not state any conclusions about particular facts
or
situations, but shall only state general rules of religious law. It
shall not be the task of the members of the Quattuor Summa Collegia
to
apply these rules to specific situations.
M. No responsum shall be given within the first seventy-two (72)
hours
from the time when the consultation is presented to the members of a
given Collegium. During that time any member of the Collegium may
request, on the same mailing list, a delay so that the question can
be
discussed by all the members of the Collegium who wish to discuss it.
N. If, after the seventy-two (72) hours have passed, no member of
the
Collegium has requested a delay, any member of the Collegium may
issue a
responsum.
O. If, within the seventy-two (72) hours, any member of the
Collegium
requests a delay, a discussion shall take place among those members
who
wish to discuss the issue. Together they shall formulate a
responsum.
Once that responsum has been agreed by a majority of those members
of
the Collegium involved in the discussion, that responsum shall be
issued
formally and collectively by all the members of the Collegium
involved
in the discussion.
P. Responsa are interpretations of jus sacrum (sacred law) that
pre-exists the decision of a Collegium and are immanent. Therefore,
previous responsa issued by at least three members of a Collegium
shall
not be contradicted by later responsa. However, it is possible that
a
Collegium may occasionally make mistakes in its interpretation of
jus
sacrum. If, as a result of further research, at least three members
of
that Collegium consider that a previous responsum was mistaken, the
Collegium shall reconsider the responsum using the same procedure
stated
in E. If they conclude that the previous responsum was mistaken,
they
shall formulate a new responsum and it shall be issued collectively
by
all the Pontifices involved in the discussion. The Collegium shall
perform expiation for its mistake, and shall declare the appropriate
expiation for any private individual who has acted improperly on the
basis of the mistaken responsum.
Q. Each Collegium shall maintain a collection of previously
delivered
responsa to consultations on religious issues. All the information
contained in those books shall be readily available to the public
through the Nova Roma web site.
R. The members of each Collegium shall be entitled to wear, during
the
celebration of sacra publica, the insignia that mark them as members
of
each one of the Quattuor Summa Collegia. These insignia shall be:
1. For the Collegium Pontificum: the tunica praetexta.
2. For the Collegium Augurum: the toga trabea, the capis and the
lituus.
3. For the Collegium Septemvirorum Epulonum: the toga praetexta and
the
patera."
-----
RESPONSVM DE COLLEGIO PONTIFICVM
PARS PRIMA
DE COLLEGIO PONTIFICO
I. De Membris Collegii
The Collegium Pontificum shall be formed by eight (8) Pontifices and
one
(1) Pontifex Maximus; these shall be the members of the Collegium
Pontificum as far as the issuing of responsa and the cooption of new
Pontifices is concerned. However, the following sacerdotes shall
also be
associated to the Collegium Pontificum, shall be privy to its
discussions and be allowed to express their opinion during them, and
shall take part in those rituals in which the Collegium Pontificum
as a
whole is involved:
1. The Rex Sacrorum
2. The Flamen Dialis
3. The Flamen Martialis
4. The Flamen Quirinalis
II. De Fastis
A. Upon request from the consules, the Collegium Pontificum shall
issue
a decretum defining the official fasti (calendar) of Nova Roma. Said
fasti shall be based on available historical evidence. If, as a
result
of further research, at least three pontifices consider that
different
fasti must be issued, the Collegium shall reconsider the responsum
that
defines the fasti using the same procedure stated in paragraph III
of
the RESPONSVM DE QVATTVOR SVMMIS COLLEGIIS.
B. The fasti shall specify the feriae to be observed by Nova Roma,
except for the movable feriae, which shall be announced by the
Pontifex
Maximus on the kalends of January (kalendas Januarias).
III. De Libris Pontificiis
A. The Collegium Pontificum shall issue and maintain the books
containing the ritual ordinances. These shall receive the name of
Libri
Pontificii or Libri Pontificales. The regulations which serve as a
guide
to the Pontifices in their deliberations (Jus Pontificium) shall
form
part of the Libri Pontificii.
B. The Collegium Pontificum shall issue and maintain the books that
contain the names of the Gods as well as the manner in which these
names
are to be used in public worship. These shall receive the name of
Indigitamenta.
C. The Collegium Pontificum shall maintain a record of the official
actions taken by the Collegium and the Pontifex Maximus. These shall
receive the name of Acta Pontificum.
D. The Collegium Pontificum shall maintain a collection of
previously
delivered responsa to consultations on religious issues. These shall
receive the name of Commentarii Pontificum.
E. All the information cited in A, B, C & D shall be readily
available
to the public through the Nova Roma web site.
IV. De Feriis
A. The members of the Collegium Pontificum shall take care of all
the
public religious ceremonies (sacra publica) indicated in the fasti
or
declared as a moveable feria that have not explicitly been assigned
to a
specific priesthood or magistracy, or whenever such priesthood or
magistracy is vacant.
B. The members of the Collegium Pontificum shall decide among
themselves
how their workload shall be divided, and shall issue a decretum
detailing which person shall be considered responsible for each set
of
sacra.
PARS SECVNDA
DE REGE REGINAQVE SACRORVM
V. De captione Regis Reginaeque Sacrorum
The Pontifex Maximus may, through a public announcement, appoint any
citizen to the position of Rex Sacrorum as long as said citizen
meets
the following conditions:
1. The Rex Sacrorum shall be a patrician citizen.
2. The Rex Sacrorum shall not be a magistrate or senator of Nova
Roma.
If he is a magistrate or a senator in the moment of his appointment
as
Rex Sacrorum, he shall resign his magistracy or
his membership of the Senate before he is eligible to be inaugurated
as
Rex Sacrorum.
3. The Rex Sacrorum shall be married through confarreatio. His wife
shall automatically receive the title of Regina Sacrorum, and the
rights
and duties associated with that title.
After being appointed by the Pontifex Maximus, the Rex and Regina
Sacrorum shall be properly inaugurated following the prescriptions
of
the Libri Pontificii.
VI. De officiis Regis Reginaeque Sacrorum
A. The Rex Sacrorum shall have the following duties:
1. To perform the rituals for Janus and Jupiter prescribed by the
Libri
Pontificii, described in III.A., on the kalendae and nonae of each
month, and to announce on the kalendae of each month the day on
which
the nonae of that month shall take place.
2. To preside the Comitia Calata in the nonae of each month and to
announce the festivals to be held in that month.
3. To try to propitiate, upon the request of the Senatus and
following
the prescriptions of the Libri Pontificii, the anger of the Gods
when
extraordinary portenta may seem to announce some general calamity.
4. To take part in the traditional festivities associated with the
office:
a) The Agonium
b) The Consualia
c) The Regifugium
d) The dies Q.R.C.F. in Martius
e) The dies Q.R.C.F. in Majus.
f) as well as in any additional sacra publica explicitly prescribed
for
the Rex Sacrorum by the Libri Pontificii.
B. The Regina Sacrorum shall have the following duties:
1. To perform the rituals for Juno prescribed by the Libri
Pontificii in
the kalendae and the nonae of each month, as well as in the festival
of
Juno Covella.
2. To perform those other rituals specifically prescribed for the
Regina
Sacrorum by the Libri Pontificii.
PARS TERTIA
DE PONTIFICE MAXIMO
VII. De electione Pontificis Maximi
A. Whenever the position of the Pontifex Maximus is vacant, the most
recently co-opted pontifex shall temporarily be given by consular
edictum the jus agendi cum populo to convene the Comitia Populi
Tributa.
The pontifex that presides over the election shall not be eligible
as
Pontifex Maximus.
B. One half (rounding fractions down) of the tribes of the Comitia
Populi Tributa shall be selected by lot and shall be thereby
convened to
elect a new Pontifex Maximus among the current pontifices, following
the
same procedures followed to elect magistrates through the Comitia
Populi
Tributa.
C. Once a Pontifex Maximus has been elected, he shall be properly
inaugurated following the prescriptions of the Libri Pontificii.
D. The Pontifex Maximus shall hold his office for life. However, he
shall be deprived of his office if he, for whatever reason, looses
his
citizenship.
VIII. De officiis Pontificis Maximi
The Pontifex Maximus shall have the following duties:
1. To act as a spokesman of the Collegium Pontificum.
2. To be responsible for the public hearth in the Aedes Vestae. To
instruct and supervise the Virgines Vestales.
3. To select and to preside over the induction rituals of the
Virgines
Vestales, the Rex Sacrorum, the Flamines Majores and the Flamines
Minores.
4. To oversee the celebration of the sacra publica, and to have
disciplinary authority over the priests responsible for their
celebration, according to the Libri Pontificii. Disciplinary measures
may include fines and/or expulsion from priesthood.
5. To record the significant events of each year in the Annales
Maximi,
and to present the Annales Maximi of the previous year to the public
before the kalendae Martias.
6. To be present in every marriage by confarreatio, and to take part
in
the ritus prescribed for such occasions by the Libri Pontificii.
7. To watch over sacra familiares and the rituals of the dead
practiced
by the citizens of the Res Publica, including the specific duty of
approving or rejecting applications for adrogatio.
PARS QVARTA
DE FLAMINIBVS
IX. De numero captioneque Flaminum
A. The Pontifex Maximus shall appoint three (3) Flamines Majores,
that
shall be named, in order of precedence:
1. Flamen Dialis
2. Flamen Martialis
3. Flamen Quirinalis
The Flamines Majores shall be members of the Ordo Patricius, sons of
parents married by confarreatio, and be married by confarreatio.
The
last two conditions might be waived through a special dispense
through a
responsum from the Collegium Pontificum.
B. The Pontifex Maximus shall appoint, among the members of the Ordo
Plebejus, twelve (12) Flamines Minores, that shall be named:
1. Flamen Carmentalis
2. Flamen Cerealis
3. Flamen Falacer
4. Flamen Floralis
5. Flamen Furrinalis
6. Flamen Lucularis
7. Flamen Palatualis
8. Flamen Pomonalis
9. Flamen Portunalis
10. Flamen Virbialis
11. Flamen Volcanalis
12. Flamen Volturnalis
C. After being appointed by the Pontifex Maximus, a new Flamen shall
be
properly inaugurated following the prescriptions of the Libri
Pontificii.
D. The office of Flamen is understood to last for life; but a flamen
may
be compelled to resign (flaminio abire) for a breach of duty, or
even on
account of the occurrence of an ill-omened accident while
discharging
his functions. The final decision on whether a certain Flamen must
resign shall be in the hands of the Pontifex Maximus.
X. De officiis Flaminis Dialis
A. The Flamen Dialis shall have the following duties:
1. To wear, during official acts, the insignia of his office: toga
praetexta and apex. He shall also have the right to sit on a sella
curulis, be escorted by one lictor and take part in the deliberations
of the Senate.
2. To preside, together with the Flaminica Dialis (the wife of the
Flamen Dialis, to whom he must be married by confarreatio), over the
rites of confarreatio.
3. To follow the traditional prohibitions of his office, as
prescribed
by the Libri Pontificii.
4. To leave office if his wife dies or if he divorces.
5. To take part in the traditional festivities associated with the
office:
a) the Lupercalia
b) the Vinalia
c) the Fidei Solemne
d) the Ovis Idulis
as well as in any additional sacra publica explicitly prescribed by
the
Libri Pontificii.
6. On each nundina a sacrifice to Jupiter shall be performed by the
Flaminica Dialis according to the prescriptions of the Libri
Pontificii.
The Flaminica Dialis shall also take part in the following
traditional festivities:
a) the Itur ad Argeos
b) the Ancilia Moventia
c) the Februa Poscens
She shall be subject to some special taboos (defined in the Libri
Pontificii) during June until the end of the Vestalia.
B. Should the office of the Flamen Dialis be vacant, the duties of
the
office shall be discharged by the Pontifex Maximus.
XI. De officiis Flaminis Martialis
The Flamen Martialis shall have the following duties:
1. To wear, during official acts, the insignia of his office: toga
praetexta and apex.
2. To take part in the traditional festivities associated with the
office:
a) the Octobris Equus
b) the Fidei Solemne
as well as in any additional sacra publica explicitly prescribed by
the
Libri Pontificii.
3. The Flamen Martialis must be married by confarreatio, and his
wife
shall receive the title of Flaminica Martialis, and shall perform
the
duties explicitly prescribed for that position in the Libri
Pontificii.
XII. De officiis Flaminis Quirinalis
The Flamen Quirinalis shall have the following duties:
1. To wear, during official acts, the insignia of his office: toga
praetexta and apex.
2. To take part in the traditional festivities associated with the
office:
a) the Robigalia
b) the Consualia
c) the Latentalia
b) the Fidei Solemne
as well as in any additional sacra publica explicitly prescribed by
the
Libri Pontificii.
3. The Flamen Quirinalis must be married by confarreatio, and his
wife
shall receive the title of Flaminica Quirinalis, and shall perform
the
duties explicitly prescribed for that position in the Libri
Pontificii.
XIII. De officiis Flaminum Minorum
The Flamines Minores shall have the following duties:
1. To wear, during official acts, the insignia of his office: toga
praetexta and apex.
2. To take part in the traditional festivities associated with the
office, as well as in any additional sacra publica explicitly
prescribed
by the Libri Pontificii.
-----
Announced by Q. Caecilius Metellus and C. Fabius Buteo Modianus,
Pontifex, in the absence of the Pontifex Maximus.
--- End forwarded message ---