Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54906 |
From: M.CVRIATIVS COMPLVTENSIS |
Date: 2008-02-01 |
Subject: Edictum Consularis VII: Impuestos de Nova Roma para el 2761 a.U.c. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54907 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-01 |
Subject: KALENDAE FEBRUARIAE: Numa and Vesta; Juno Sospita; & Jupiter Tonans |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54908 |
From: Publius Memmius Albucius |
Date: 2008-02-01 |
Subject: Re: LUDI cur. 2761/2008 : tnx and links to religion |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54909 |
From: A. Apollonius Cordus |
Date: 2008-02-01 |
Subject: Re: Collegium Pontificum Voting Results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54910 |
From: A. Apollonius Cordus |
Date: 2008-02-01 |
Subject: Dé Ãdibus MartiÃs [ERAT: Collegium Pontificum Voting Results] |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54911 |
From: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2008-02-01 |
Subject: Sacrifice to Concordia on the Kal. Febr. for the 10th Anniversary of |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54912 |
From: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2008-02-01 |
Subject: Error in written text - but not in my oral wording |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54913 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-02-01 |
Subject: Re: Collegium Pontificum Voting Results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54914 |
From: Francesco Valenzano |
Date: 2008-02-01 |
Subject: Edictum consularis VII: tabelle delle tasse di Nova Roma per il 2761 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54915 |
From: Lucius Iulius Regulus |
Date: 2008-02-01 |
Subject: Mark Antony and the Assassination of Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54916 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-02 |
Subject: a. d. IIII Non. Feb.: Dies ater |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54917 |
From: Titus Iulius Sabinus |
Date: 2008-02-02 |
Subject: Edictum consulare VIII - Call for governors. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54918 |
From: Equestria Iunia Laeca |
Date: 2008-02-02 |
Subject: Oath of Office - Curatrix Aerarii |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54919 |
From: Stefn Ullerius Venator Piperbarbus |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: OT: A personal milestone & health update |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54920 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: a. d. III Non. Feb.: The First Lectisternium |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54921 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Re: OT: A personal milestone & health update |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54922 |
From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: A group dedicated to new or prospective citizens, 2/3/2008, 12:00 pm |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54923 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Nova Roma publications |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54924 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: SECOND NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONVENE THE COLLEGIUM PONTIFICUM |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54925 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Special Session of the Senate |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54926 |
From: vallenporter |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Re: SECOND NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONVENE THE COLLEGIUM PONTIFICUM |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54927 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Re: OT: A personal milestone & health update |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54928 |
From: iulius sabinus |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Re: SECOND NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONVENE THE COLLEGIUM PONTIFICUM |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54929 |
From: marcus_hirtius_ahenobarbus |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Re: OT: A personal milestone & health update |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54930 |
From: David Kling (Modianus) |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Re: SECOND NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONVENE THE COLLEGIUM PONTIFICUM |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54931 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Re: SECOND NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONVENE THE COLLEGIUM PONTIFICUM |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54932 |
From: vallenporter |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Re: SECOND NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONVENE THE COLLEGIUM PONTIFICUM |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54933 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Re: SECOND NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONVENE THE COLLEGIUM PONTIFICUM |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54934 |
From: vallenporter |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Re: SECOND NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONVENE THE COLLEGIUM PONTIFICUM |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54935 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: the current state of the Religio.... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54936 |
From: Titus Arminius Genialis |
Date: 2008-02-03 |
Subject: Edictum Gubernatorium XLVI - Define coleta dos impostos 2761 para a |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54937 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Re: the current state of the Religio.... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54938 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Re: the current state of the Religio.... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54939 |
From: vallenporter |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Re: the current state of the Religio.... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54940 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Re: the current state of the Religio.... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54941 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Re: the current state of the Religio.... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54942 |
From: David Kling (Modianus) |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Re: the current state of the Religio.... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54943 |
From: Publius Memmius Albucius |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: LUDI LUPERCAL. and others - language |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54944 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Pridie Nonae Februariae |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54945 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Re: SECOND NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONVENE THE COLLEGIUM PONTIFICUM |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54946 |
From: Bruno Cantermi |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Edictum Gubernatorium XLVI - Define coleta dos impos |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54947 |
From: M. Octavius Gracchus |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54948 |
From: vallenporter |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Re: SECOND NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONVENE THE COLLEGIUM PONTIFICUM |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54949 |
From: Diana Aventina |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54950 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Re: OT: A personal milestone & health update |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54951 |
From: L. Vitellius Triarius |
Date: 2008-02-04 |
Subject: Appointment of Domina factionis 2761 a.U.c. for Factio Veneta |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54952 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: NONAE FEBRUARIAE: FAUNO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54953 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: Re: the current state of the Religio.... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54954 |
From: M·CVR·COMPLVTENSIS |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54955 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: Re: the current state of the Religio.... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54956 |
From: M·CVR·COMPLVTENSIS |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: FORMULA |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54957 |
From: David Kling (Modianus) |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: Re: the current state of the Religio.... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54958 |
From: M·CVR·COMPLVTENSIS |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: FORMULA (ERRATA CORRIGE) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54959 |
From: M·CVR·COMPLVTENSIS |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: FORMULA (Revised text) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54960 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: Re: SECOND NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONVENE THE COLLEGIUM PONTIFICUM |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54961 |
From: Publius Memmius Albucius |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: Re: Appointment of Domina factionis 2761 a.U.c. for Factio Veneta |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54962 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: Re: Appointment of Domina factionis 2761 a.U.c. for Factio Veneta |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54963 |
From: Diana Aventina |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54964 |
From: Rusty Myers |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: Castra Romana Pompeii II Sept 5-7 Charlotte NC |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54965 |
From: Cincinnatus |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRoma-Announce] De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54966 |
From: Stefn Ullerius Venator Piperbarbus |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: Venator scripsit: was Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54967 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54968 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-05 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRoma-Announce] De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54969 |
From: L. Vitellius Triarius |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: LUDI LUPERCALENSES Enrollment Information (Feb. 15-17) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54970 |
From: L. Vitellius Triarius |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Ludi Championships |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54971 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRoma-Announce] De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54972 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: a. d. VIII Eid. Feb.: Lavinium |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54973 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRoma-Announce] De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54974 |
From: Lucius Iulius Regulus |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54975 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRoma-Announce] De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54976 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54977 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: EDICTUM CONSULARIS IX De DONATIONIBUS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54978 |
From: Gaius Aemilius Crassus |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: OT: A personal milestone & health update |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54979 |
From: Gaius Aemilius Crassus |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Mark Antony and the Assassination of Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54980 |
From: hikerbill40 |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Mark Antony and the Assassination of Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54981 |
From: M. Octavius Gracchus |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54982 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Mark Antony and the Assassination of Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54983 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRoma-Announce] De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54984 |
From: David Kling (Modianus) |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRoma-Announce] De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54985 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Mark Antony and the Assassination of Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54986 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRoma-Announce] De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54987 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRoma-Announce] De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54988 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54989 |
From: Lucius Iulius Regulus |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54990 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Mark Antony and the Assassination of Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54991 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRoma-Announce] De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54992 |
From: Gaius Marcius Crispus |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Wales: conference on Roman religion and the state |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54993 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Mark Antony and the Assassination of Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54994 |
From: Titus Iulius Sabinus |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Provinces without governor. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54995 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2008-02-06 |
Subject: Re: Mark Antony and the Assassination of Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54996 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: a.d. VII Eid. Feb.: Arrival of Favonius |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54997 |
From: Adriano Rota |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54998 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 54999 |
From: Diana Octavia Aventina |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRoma-Announce] De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55000 |
From: Andreas Lachmann |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Mark Antony and the Assassination of Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55001 |
From: Gaius Aemilius Crassus |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Mark Antony and the Assassination of Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55002 |
From: Adriano Rota |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55003 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55004 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Dreaming ( Was Enough is enough) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55005 |
From: Gens Iulia |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Adriano's point. Was: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55006 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Provinces without governor. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55007 |
From: iulius sabinus |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Provinces without governor. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55008 |
From: Kristoffer From |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Wiki and Yahoogroups (Was: Enough is enough.) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55009 |
From: M·CVR·COMPLVTENSIS |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: IUDICES: MEMENTO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55010 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Wiki and Yahoogroups (Was: Enough is enough.) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55011 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55012 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55013 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Adriano's point. Was: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55014 |
From: qvalerius |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55015 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-07 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55016 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2008-02-08 |
Subject: Re: Wiki and Yahoogroups (Was: Enough is enough.) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55017 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-08 |
Subject: a. d. Vi Eid. Feb,: Tullius wars with Alba Longa and Lavinium |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55018 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2008-02-08 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55019 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-08 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55020 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2008-02-08 |
Subject: Re: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55021 |
From: Gens Iulia |
Date: 2008-02-08 |
Subject: Re: Adriano's point. Was: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55022 |
From: Gaius Aemilius Crassus |
Date: 2008-02-08 |
Subject: Re: Adriano's point. Was: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55023 |
From: Claudio Guzzo |
Date: 2008-02-08 |
Subject: Wiki and Yahoogroups (Was: Enough is enough.) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55024 |
From: qvalerius |
Date: 2008-02-08 |
Subject: Re: Online pictures (was: Enough is enough.) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55025 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-08 |
Subject: Re: Adriano's point. Was: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55026 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-08 |
Subject: Re: Online pictures (was: Enough is enough.) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55027 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-02-08 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRoma-Announce] De petitione actionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55028 |
From: Stefn Ullerius Venator Piperbarbus |
Date: 2008-02-09 |
Subject: Re: OT: A personal milestone & health update |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55029 |
From: Marcus Iulius Perusianus |
Date: 2008-02-09 |
Subject: A new monument category is almost ready: aqueducts |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55030 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-09 |
Subject: a. d. V Eid. Feb.: Horatii vs Curiatii |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55031 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-09 |
Subject: Report of the session of the Collegium Pontificum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55032 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-09 |
Subject: Web site task force. Was: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55033 |
From: Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus |
Date: 2008-02-09 |
Subject: Re: Report of the session of the Collegium Pontificum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55034 |
From: Gens Iulia |
Date: 2008-02-09 |
Subject: Re: Adriano's point. Was: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55035 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-02-09 |
Subject: Re: OT: A personal milestone & health update |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55036 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2008-02-09 |
Subject: Re: Online pictures (was: Enough is enough.) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55037 |
From: L. Vitellius Triarius |
Date: 2008-02-09 |
Subject: LUDI LUPERCALENSES Reminder |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55038 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-09 |
Subject: Re: Online pictures (was: Enough is enough.) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55039 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-09 |
Subject: Re: Adriano's point. Was: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55040 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-10 |
Subject: a. .d IIII Eid. Feb.: The Latern of the Augurues |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55041 |
From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com |
Date: 2008-02-10 |
Subject: Roman calendar, 2/10/2008, 12:00 pm |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55042 |
From: Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2008-02-10 |
Subject: David Meadows’ Explorator 10.42 February 10, 2008 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55043 |
From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com |
Date: 2008-02-10 |
Subject: File - EDICTUM DE SERMONE |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55044 |
From: Adriano Rota |
Date: 2008-02-10 |
Subject: Re: Adriano's point. NR web presentation suggestion |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55045 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-10 |
Subject: Re: Adriano's point. NR web presentation suggestion |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55046 |
From: Charlie Collins |
Date: 2008-02-11 |
Subject: BBC Series on Rome |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55047 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-11 |
Subject: a. d. III Eid. Feb.: FORNACALIA |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55048 |
From: Gaius Aemilius Crassus |
Date: 2008-02-11 |
Subject: Re: Adriano's point. Was: Enough is enough. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55049 |
From: Gaius Aemilius Crassus |
Date: 2008-02-11 |
Subject: Re: OT: A personal milestone & health update |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55050 |
From: Gens Iulia |
Date: 2008-02-11 |
Subject: Re: Adriano's point. Was: Enough is enough. |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55051 |
From: Adriano Rota |
Date: 2008-02-11 |
Subject: Re: Web site task force. Was: Enough is enough. |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55052 |
From: D. Aemilus Severus |
Date: 2008-02-11 |
Subject: Visiting Rome |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55053 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-02-11 |
Subject: Re: Visiting Rome |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55054 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-12 |
Subject: Pridie Eid. Feb." Augustus and Callisto |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55055 |
From: M.CVRIATIVS COMPLVTENSIS |
Date: 2008-02-12 |
Subject: IUDICES: MEMENTO (II) AND ALTERNATE IUDICES |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55056 |
From: FAC |
Date: 2008-02-12 |
Subject: Re: Visiting Rome |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55057 |
From: A. Apollonius Cordus |
Date: 2008-02-12 |
Subject: Dé respónsum dé diébus (ERAT: De petitione actionis) |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55058 |
From: L. Vitellius Triarius |
Date: 2008-02-12 |
Subject: LUDI LUPERCALENSES: Last Day to Register for Venationes and Sprint R |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55059 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-13 |
Subject: EIDUS FEBRUARIAE: Virgo Vestalis parentalis; FAUNALIA |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55060 |
From: Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2008-02-13 |
Subject: Nova Roman Flag 3' by 5' Question |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55061 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2008-02-13 |
Subject: AW: [Nova-Roma] Nova Roman Flag 3' by 5' Question |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55062 |
From: Robin Marquardt |
Date: 2008-02-13 |
Subject: Before a flag, I'd get a towel, shirt, dress shirt. |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55063 |
From: A. Apollonius Cordus |
Date: 2008-02-13 |
Subject: Dé respónsó dé diébus (ERAT: Dé respónsum dé diébus) |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55064 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2008-02-13 |
Subject: Parentatio |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55065 |
From: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2008-02-13 |
Subject: 10th BIRTHDAY OF NOVA ROMA IS NEAR! - Concordia Ritual on Id. Feb. f |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55066 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: a. d. XVI Kal Mart: King Latinus and Aeneas |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55067 |
From: titus.aquila |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Re: Visiting Rome and Pompeji |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55068 |
From: Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: NR Lapel Pin |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55069 |
From: Ian McKay |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Attn: Governors of Provinces |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55070 |
From: Andrea Laver |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Re: Visiting Rome |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55071 |
From: marcus_hirtius_ahenobarbus |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Citizenship attained! Haa zaah! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55072 |
From: iulius sabinus |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Re: Citizenship attained! Haa zaah! |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55073 |
From: Diana |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Julius Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55074 |
From: Lucius Iulius Regulus |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Fw: [Nova-Roma] Citizenship attained! Haa zaah! |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55075 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Re: Julius Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55076 |
From: David Kling (Modianus) |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Re: Citizenship attained! Haa zaah! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55077 |
From: Kirsteen Wright |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Re: Julius Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55078 |
From: Diana Thibodeaux |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Re: Julius Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55079 |
From: Diana Thibodeaux |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Re: Julius Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55080 |
From: Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Re: Julius Caesar |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 55081 |
From: Charlie Collins |
Date: 2008-02-14 |
Subject: Re: Julius Caesar |
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M. Moravius Piscinus cultoribus Deorum et omnibus salutem plurimam
dicit: Di vos salvas et servatas volunt.
Hodie est Kalendae Februariae; haec dies nefastus est: DIE QUINTI TE
KALO, IUNO COVELLA: dies natalis aedes Vestae in Foro; Iunoni
Sospitae Matri Regioni; natalis aedes Iovis Tonantis
"On the Kalends of February when Sirius begins to set, then arrives,
with hail, Auster, and Eurinus winds." ~ Columella, De Re Rutica 9.2.5
The month of February is sacred to Juno Februa, whose temple was
located on the Esquiline Hill near the Temple of Juno Lucina. Februa
is a Goddess of purification, and much of the month is devoted to
purification rites in preparation for the coming of the New Year in
March. In the religio Romana purification has mainly to do with
fulfilling one's obligations to your ancestors. Thus we will see in
the month of Februarius a parentalia performed for ancestors, and the
Feralia that is conducted for other Manes, while festivals for
Terminus and Fornicalia, ancient rites, have much to do with the
ancerstral worship of Di parenti, and of course there are the very
special purification rites of Lupercalia and Quirinalia that are
thought by some to extend back to a period when Rome was still
divided among the Latins on the Palatine Hill and Sabines on the
Quirinal Hill.
"At the start of the month, they say, that Juno the Saviour (Sospita),
Neighbouring the Phrygian Mother, was honoured with new shrines.
If you ask where those temples, dedicated to the Goddess
On the Kalends, are now, they are fallen with the lapse of time." ~
Ovidius Naso, Fasti 2.55-58
AUC 556 / 197 BCE: Defeat of the Gallic tribes and vow of a Temple
for Juno Sospita
"When they had raised the required force and completed all the
necessary business, both sacred and secular, both the consuls left
for Gaul. Cornelius took the direct road to the Insubres, who in
conjunction with the Cenomani were in arms; Q. Minucius bent his
course to the left side of Italy towards the Adriatic, and marching
his army to Genua began operations in the direction of Liguria. Two
fortified towns, Clastidium and Litubium, both belonging to the
Ligurians, and two of their communities, the Celeiates and the
Cerdiciates, surrendered. All the tribes on this side the Po were now
reduced except the Boii in Gaul and the Ilvates in Liguria. It was
stated that 15 fortified towns and 20,000 men surrendered.
"From there he led his legions into the country of the Boii, whose
army had not long before crossed the Po. They had heard that the
consuls intended to attack with their united legions, and in order
that they too might consolidate their strength by union they had
formed a junction with the Insubres and Cenomani. When a report
reached them that one of the consuls was firing the fields of the
Boii, a sharp difference of opinion arose; the Boii demanded that all
should render assistance to those who were hard pressed, the Insubres
declared that they would not leave their own country defenceless.
Their forces were accordingly divided; the Boii went off to protect
their country, the Insubres and Cenomani took up a position on the
bank of the Mincius. On the same river, two miles lower down,
Cornelius fixed his camp. From there he sent to make enquiries in
Brixia, their capital. and in their villages, and from what he learnt
he was quite satisfied that it was not with the sanction of their
elders that the younger men had taken up arms, nor had the national
council authorised any assistance being given to the revolted
Insubrians. On learning this he invited their chiefs to a conference
and tried to induce them to break with the Insubres and either return
home or go over to the Romans. He was unable to gain their consent to
the latter proposal, but they gave him assurances that they would
take no part in the fighting, unless occasion should arise, in which
case they would assist the Romans. The Insubres were kept in
ignorance of this compact, but they felt somewhat suspicious as to
the intentions of their allies, and in forming their line they did
not venture to entrust them with a position on either wing lest they
should abandon their ground through treachery and involve the whole
army in disaster. They were accordingly stationed in the rear as a
reserve. At the outset of the battle the consul vowed a temple to
Juno Sospita in case the enemy were routed that day, and the shouts
of the soldiers assured their commander that they would enable him to
fulfil his vow. Then they charged, and the Insubres did not stand
against the first shock. Some authors say that the Cenomani attacked
them from behind while the battle was going on and that the twofold
attack threw them into complete disorder, 35,000 men being killed and
5200 made prisoners, including the Carthaginian general Hamilcar, the
prime instigator of the war. 130 standards were taken and numerous
wagons. Those of the Gauls who had followed the Insubres in their
revolt surrendered to the Romans." ~ Titus Livius 32.29;30
Juno Sospita, the Savior, was the main deity of Lanuvium. She is
generally depicted armed with a shield and spear, Her long gown
covered by a goat skin that is drawn up so as its horns appear on Her
head.In 338 BCE Lanuvium was one of the Latin cities defeated by
Rome, but in surrendering its people were granted Roman citizenship
and their temples restored to them, meaning, too, that these became
Roman temples as well (Livy 8.14). The Temple of Juno Sospita at
Lanuvium is mentioned in various instances by Livy, drawing upon the
Libri Pontifici, where the decemviri sacris faciudis, on the advice
of the Sibylline Oracles, recommended sacrifices be offered to Her
during the war with Hannibal (Livy 21.62; 22.1; 24.10; 29.14). After
197 BCE She was given a temple residence in Rome itself, just as the
junones of other Goddesses had been brought to Rome from Veii,
Carthage, and elsewhere, and Her temple at Lanuvium is not heard of
again. Ovid says that a temple for Her once stood near the Temple of
Magna Mater, which was on the Palatine, but that in his day no such
temple for Juno Sopita stood there. There was, however, a Temple of
Juno Sospita in the Forum Holitorium. Like the Vestal Virgins at
Rome and Lavinium, at Lanuvium Juno Seispita Mater Regina was served
by maidens. Into Her sacred grove at Lanuvium at several times in a
year, the virgins Junoni brought Her barley cakes. If these were
accepted and eaten by serpents that lived in Her sacred grove, it was
interpreted as a sign of abundance (J. G. Frazer, Publii Ovidii
Nasonis Fastorum Libri, 1929; Vol. 1, pp.296-297).
AUC 40 / 713 BCE: Dedication of the Temple of Vesta in the Forum
On this day too the grove of Alernus is crowded,
Near where Tiber, from afar, meets the ocean waves.
At Numa's sanctuary, and the Thunderer's on the Capitol,
And on the summit of Jove's citadel, a sheep is sacrificed.
~ Ovidius Naso, Fasti 2.67-70
Alernus was an ancient and obscure deity whose sacred grove was near
where the Tiber emptied into the sea. In his grove dwelt the nymph
Cranae, whom Ovid confused with Carna and Cardea (Ovid, Fasti 6.105-
106. Numa's sanctuary refers to the Temple of Vesta.
"Furthermore it is said that Numa built the Temple of Vesta, where
the perpetual fire was kept, of a circular form, not in imitation of
the shape of the earth, believing Vesta to be the earth, but of the
entire universe, at the centre of which the Pythagoreans place the
element of fire and call it Vesta and Monad. And they hold that the
earth is neither motionless nor situated in the centre of surrounding
space, but that it revolves in a circle about the central fire, not
being one of the most important, nor even one of the primary elements
of the universe. This is the conception, we are told, which Plato
also, in his old age, had of the earth, namely that it is established
in a secondary space, and that the central and sovereign space is
reserved for some other and nobler body." ~ Plutarch, Life of Numa
11.1-2
"[Numa] also chose virgin priestesses for Vesta. This priesthood
originated at Alba and was not therefor alien to the founder of
Rome. So that these priestesses should be able to devote their whole
time to temple service, he provided them with an income from public
funds; he conferred a special sanctity on them by ritual obligations,
including the keeping of their virginity." ~ Titus Livius 1.20.3
"At first, they say, Numa consecrated Gegania and Verania, followed
by Canuleia and Tarpeia. Later Servius added two more, making the
number six that has been maintained up to our present time.It was
ordained by the king that the sacred virgins should vow themselves to
chastity for thirty years; during the first decadethey are to learn
their duties, during the second to perform the duties they have
learned, and during the third to teach their duties to others. Then
the thirty years being now passed, any one who wishes has liberty to
marry and adopt a different mode of life, after laying down her
sacred office. We are told however that few have welcomed the
indulgence, and that those who did so were not happy, but were a prey
to repentance and dejection for the rest of their lives, thereby
inspiring the rest with religious fear, so that until old age and
death they remained steadfast in their virginity. Numa gave them
great honors, among which was the right to make a will during the
lifetime of their father and to deal with their other affairs without
the need for a guardian, like mothers of three children. When they
appear in public, the fasces are carried before them, and if they
accidentally meet a criminal on his way to execution, his life is
spared; but the virgin must make oath that the meeting was
involuntary and fortuitous, and not by design. He who passes under
the litter on which they are borne, is put to death." ~ Plutarch,
Life of Numa 10.1-4
"Thunderous Jupiter Tonans, I pray that finally You may spare me"
(Valerius Flaccus Argonautica 4.474-5).
Finally, then, Ovid refers to the Temple for Jupiter Tonans that was
dedicated on the Capitoline Hill by Augustus after he was narrowly
missed by a lightning bolt while campaigning in Hispania. On the
Capitoline Hill, too, Ovid says that a sheep was sacrificed,
referring to the Kalends of each month, but it is not a sacrifice to
Jupiter Tonans to which he refers.
On the Kalends of each month a sheep was sacrificed to Juno by a
Pontifex Minor at the Curia Calabra (Macrobius, Saturnalia 1.15.18).
Then the Pontifices announced the day on which the Nones would fall,
always eight days before the Ides. Thus it would either be called
out, "die quint te kalo, Iuno Covells" or else, "Septimi die te kalo,
Iuno Covella (Varro, Linga Latina 6.27)."
Our thought for today is from Epicurus, Vatican Sayings 71:
"Question each of your desires: 'What will happen to me if that which
this desire seeks is achieved, and what if it is not?"
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M. Moravius Piscinus Quiritibus et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit:
Hodie est ante diem V Eidus Februariae; haec dies nefastus est:
"Five days after the Nones, when Venus, the Morning Star, has lifted
its brightness from the ocean waves, these are the first days of
spring. But don't be misled: cold days are still in wait for you,
departing winter leaves sharp traces behind." ~ Ovidius Naso, Fasti
2.149-152
"As soon as (Favonius) begins to prevail, it indicates that the time
has arrived for pruning the vine, weeding the corn, planting trees,
grafting fruit-trees, and trimming the olive, for its breezes are
productive of the most nutritious effects." ~ Pliny NH 18.77
Audi, Juppiter, audi!
AUC 80 / 673 BCE: Fetiales, Horatii, and Curiatii
"[Fufetius says] 'Tullius, some God who keeps watch over both our
cities would seem, just as upon many other occasions, so especially
in what relates to this combat to have made his goodwill manifest.
For that the champions who are to fight on behalf of all their people
should be found inferior to none in birth, brave in arms, most comely
in appearance, and that they should furthermore have been born of one
father and mother, and, most wonderful of all, that they should have
come into the world on the same day, the Horatii with you and the
Curiatii with us, all this, I say, has every appearance of a
remarkable instance of divine favor. Why, therefore, do we not accept
this great providence of the god and each of us invite the triplets
on his side to engage in the combat for the supremacy? For not only
all the other advantages which we could desire in the best-qualified
champions are to be found in these men, but, as they are brothers,
they will be more unwilling than any others among either the Romans
or the Albans to forsake their companions when in distress; and
furthermore, the emulation of the other youths, which cannot
easily be appeased in any other way, will be promptly settled. For I
surmise that among you also, as well as among the Albans, there is a
kind of strife among many of those who lay claim to bravery; but if
we inform them that some providential fortune has anticipated all
human efforts and has itself furnished us with champions qualified to
engage upon equal terms in the cause of the cities, we shall easily
persuade them to desist. For they will then look upon themselves as
inferior to the triplets, not in point of bravery, but only in
respect of a special boon of Nature and of the favor of a Chance that
is equally inclined toward both sides.'" - Dionysius of Halicarnassus
3.14
"There happened to be in each of the armies a triplet of brothers,
fairly matched in years and strength. It is generally agreed that
they were called Horatii and Curiatii. Few incidents in antiquity
have been more widely celebrated, yet in spite of its celebrity there
is a discrepancy in the accounts as to which nation each belonged.
There are authorities on both sides, but I find that the majority
give the name of Horatii to the Romans, and my sympathies lead me to
follow them. The kings suggested to them that they should each fight
on behalf of their country, and where victory rested, there should be
the sovereignty. They raised no objection; so the time and place were
fixed. But before they engaged a treaty was concluded between the
Romans and the Albans, providing that the nation whose
representatives proved victorious should receive the peaceable
submission of the other. This is the earliest treaty recorded, and as
all treaties, however different the conditions they contain, are
concluded with the same forms, I will describe the forms with which
this one was concluded as handed down by tradition. The Fetial put
the formal question to Tullus: "Do you, King, order me to make a
treaty with the Pater Patratus of the Alban nation?" On the king
replying in the affirmative, the Fetial said: 'I demand of thee,
King, some tufts of grass.' The king replied: 'Take those that are
pure.' The Fetial brought pure grass from the Citadel. Then he asked
the king: 'Do you constitute me the plenipotentiary of the People of
Rome, the Quirites, sanctioning also my vessels and comrades?' To
which the king replied: 'So far as may be without hurt to myself and
the People of Rome, the Quirites, I do.' The Fetial was M. Valerius.
He made Spurius Furius the Pater Patratus by touching his head and
hair with the grass. Then the Pater Patratus, who is constituted for
the purpose of giving the treaty the religious sanction of an oath,
did so by a long formula in verse, which it is not worth while to
quote. After reciting the conditions he said: 'Hear, O Jupiter, hear!
thou Pater Patratus of the people of Alba! Hear ye, too, people of
Alba! As these conditions have been publicly rehearsed from first to
last, from these tablets, in perfect good faith, and inasmuch as they
have here and now been most clearly understood, so these conditions
the People of Rome will not be the first to go back from. If they
shall, in their national council, with false and malicious intent be
the first to go back, then do thou, Jupiter, on that day, so smite
the People of Rome, even as I here and now shall smite this swine,
and smite them so much the more heavily, as thou art greater in power
and might.' With these words he struck the swine with a flint. In
similar wise the Albans recited their oath and formularies through
their own dictator and their priests.
"On the conclusion of the treaty the six combatants armed themselves.
They were greeted with shouts of encouragement from their comrades,
who reminded them that their fathers' Gods, their Fatherland, their
fathers, every fellow-citizen, every fellow-soldier, were now
watching their weapons and the hands that wielded them. Eager for the
contest and inspired by the voices round them, they advanced into the
open space between the opposing lines. The two armies were sitting in
front of their respective camps, relieved from personal danger but
not from anxiety, since upon the fortunes and courage of this little
group hung the issue of dominion. Watchful and nervous, they gaze
with feverish intensity on a spectacle by no means entertaining. The
signal was given, and with uplifted swords the six youths charged
like a battle-line with the courage of a mighty host. Not one of them
thought of his own danger; their sole thought was for their country,
whether it would be supreme or subject, their one anxiety that they
were deciding its future fortunes. When, at the first encounter, the
flashing swords rang on their opponents' shields, a deep shudder ran
through the spectators; then a breathless silence followed, as
neither side seemed to be gaining any advantage. Soon, however, they
saw something more than the swift movements of limbs and the rapid
play of sword and shield: blood became visible flowing from open
wounds. Two of the Romans fell one on the other, breathing out their
life, whilst all the three Albans were wounded. The fall of the
Romans was welcomed with a burst of exultation from the Alban army;
whilst the Roman legions, who had lost all hope, but not all anxiety,
trembled for their solitary champion surrounded by the three
Curiatii. It chanced that he was untouched, and though not a match
for the three together, he was confident of victory against each
separately. So, that he might encounter each singly, he took to
flight, assuming that they would follow as well as their wounds would
allow. He had run some distance from the spot where the combat began,
when, on looking back, he saw them following at long intervals from
each other, the foremost not far from him. He turned and made a
desperate attack upon him, and whilst the Alban army were shouting to
the other Curiatii to come to their brother's assistance, Horatius
had already slain his foe and, flushed with victory, was awaiting the
second encounter. Then the Romans cheered their champion with a shout
such as men raise when hope succeeds to despair, and he hastened to
bring the fight to a close. Before the third, who was not far away,
could come up, he despatched the second Curiatius. The survivors were
now equal in point of numbers, but far from equal in either
confidence or strength. The one, unscathed after his double victory,
was eager for the third contest; the other, dragging himself wearily
along, exhausted by his wounds and by his running, vanquished already
by the previous slaughter of his brothers, was an easy conquest to
his victorious foe. There was, in fact, no fighting. The Roman cried
exultingly: "Two have I sacrificed to appease my brothers' shades;
the third I will offer for the issue of this fight, that the Roman
may rule the Alban." He thrust his sword downward into the neck of
his opponent, who could no longer lift his shield, and then despoiled
him as he lay. Horatius was welcomed by the Romans with shouts of
triumph, all the more joyous for the fears they had felt. Both sides
turned their attention to burying their dead champions, but with very
different feelings, the one rejoicing in wider dominion, the other
deprived of their liberty and under alien rule. The tombs stand on
the spots where each fell; those of the Romans close together, in the
direction of Alba; the three Alban tombs, at intervals, in the
direction of Rome." ~ Titus Livius 1.24-25
Our thought for today is from the Emperor Marcus Aurelius,
Meditations 5.22:
"That which does no harm to the state, does no harm to the citizen.
In the case of every appearance of harm apply this rule: if the state
is not harmed by this, neither am I harmed. But if the state is
harmed, you must not be angry with him who does harm to the state.
Instead show him where his error is."
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