Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57846 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Toooo much religious Blah Blah |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57847 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Question about Taxes/Donations |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57848 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: In Honour of the Topic of Religion |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57849 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Toooo much religious Blah Blah |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57850 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Toooo much religious Blah Blah |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57851 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Chariot race Raetia |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57852 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: KALENDAE OCTOBRAE: Fidei; Tigillo Sororio; Cereri |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57853 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Question about Taxes/Donations |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57854 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Toooo much religious Blah Blah |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57855 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Toooo much religious Blah Blah |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57856 |
From: c_cornelius_rufus |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: An attempt to inject lighter subject matter |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57857 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Roman ballista for sale on e-bay |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57858 |
From: Robert Levee |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Roman ballista for sale on e-bay |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57859 |
From: mike orley |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Roman ballista for sale on e-bay |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57861 |
From: Daniel M |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Hypothetical Religo-Military Chaplainary question |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57862 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: AW: [Nova-Roma] Roman ballista for sale on e-bay |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57863 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Hypothetical Religo-Military Chaplainary question |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57864 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Am. Austrorientalis Provinicial Edictum XXXI |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57865 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Roman ballista for sale on e-bay |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57866 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Hypothetical Religo-Military Chaplainary question |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57867 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: An attempt to inject lighter subject matter |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57868 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: An attempt to inject lighter subject matter |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57869 |
From: M Arminius Maior |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Toooo much religious Blah Blah |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57870 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: An attempt to inject lighter subject matter |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57871 |
From: Christer Edling |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: [CollPontificumNR] Results of the September Session |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57872 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: An attempt to inject lighter subject matter |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57873 |
From: adriano.rota |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: To Piscinus Toooo much religious Blah Blah |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57874 |
From: adriano.rota |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: To Piscinus Toooo much religious Blah Blah |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57875 |
From: adriano.rota |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: To Hortensia Maior about the NR main list from Maior |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57876 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: An attempt to inject lighter subject matter |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57877 |
From: Lucia Livia Plauta |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: An attempt to inject lighter subject matter |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57878 |
From: Lucia Livia Plauta |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Toooo much religious Blah Blah |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57879 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: An attempt to inject lighter subject matter |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57880 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: Roman ballista for sale on e-bay |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57881 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Sacred Year of Concordia - 10the Anniversary of Nova Roma - Sacrific |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57882 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: An attempt to inject lighter subject matter |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57883 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2008-10-01 |
Subject: Re: An attempt to inject lighter subject matter |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57885 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: a. d. VI Nonas Octobris: The Battle of Baecula |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57886 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Nova Roma: Customs, Beliefs and Non-beliefs |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57887 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Re: a. d. VI Nonas Octobris: The Battle of Baecula |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57888 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Re: a. d. VI Nonas Octobris: The Battle of Baecula |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57889 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: AW: [Nova-Roma] Re: [CollPontificumNR] Results of the September Sess |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57890 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Re: [CollPontificumNR] Results of the September Session |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57891 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Re: Roman ballista for sale on e-bay |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57892 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Results of the Polling of the Collegium Pontificum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57893 |
From: Titus Iulius Sabinus |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Re: Results of the Polling of the Collegium Pontificum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57894 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Re: [CollPontificumNR] Results of the September Session |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57895 |
From: philippe cardon |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Re: [CollPontificumNR] Results of the September Session |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57896 |
From: Complutensis |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Re: [CollPontificumNR] Results of the September Session |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57897 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Re: [CollPontificumNR] Results of the September Session |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57898 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Re: Results of the Polling of the Collegium Pontificum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57899 |
From: Gnaeus Caelius Ahenobarbus |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Collegium Pontificum Results and Suggestion for the New Members |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57900 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] Collegium Pontificum Results and Suggestion for the N |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57901 |
From: Colin Brodd |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Re: Results of the Polling of the Collegium Pontificum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57902 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Convening the Comitia Curiata |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57903 |
From: Titus Iulius Sabinus |
Date: 2008-10-02 |
Subject: Edictum consularis XIV - Tax payments. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57904 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: Today in Rome: Oct, 3, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57905 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: a. d. V Nonas Octobris: Ludi Augustales; Battle of Ilipa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57906 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: Re: Results of the Polling of the Collegium Pontificum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57907 |
From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: A group dedicated to new or prospective citizens, 10/3/2008, 12:00 p |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57908 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: Re: Today in Rome: Oct, 3, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57909 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: CALL FOR CANDIDATES |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57910 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: Re: Today in Rome: Oct, 3, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57911 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: AW: R: [Nova-Roma] Collegium Pontificum Results and Suggestion for t |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57912 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: Convening the Comitia Curiata |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57913 |
From: Avv. Claudio Guzzo |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: religiones (nova)romanae |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57915 |
From: Titus Iulius Sabinus |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: Edictum consularis XVI - Governors reports to the Senate. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57916 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: EDICTVM CONSVLARIS XIV - PAGO DE IMPVESTOS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57917 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: CONVOCATORIA A CANDIDATOS PARA ELECCIONES EN NOVA ROMA |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57918 |
From: Gnaeus Caelius Ahenobarbus |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: Re: KALENDAE OCTOBRAE: Fidei; Tigillo Sororio; Cereri |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57919 |
From: chronicledispatch |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: Chronicle Dispatch: History News |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57920 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: Re: Chronicle Dispatch: History News |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57921 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2008-10-03 |
Subject: Latin class registration |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57922 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-04 |
Subject: Today in Rome: Oct, 4, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57923 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-04 |
Subject: a. d. IV Nonas Octobris: Ieiunium Cereris |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57924 |
From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com |
Date: 2008-10-04 |
Subject: Lord Apollo, 10/4/2008, 12:00 pm |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57925 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2008-10-04 |
Subject: Re: Today in Rome: Oct, 4, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57926 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-04 |
Subject: Re: Today in Rome: Oct, 4, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57927 |
From: Stefn Ullerius Venator Piperbarbus |
Date: 2008-10-04 |
Subject: Re: CALL FOR CANDIDATES |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57928 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2008-10-04 |
Subject: Re: Today in Rome: Oct, 4, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57929 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-04 |
Subject: Re: Today in Rome: Oct, 4, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57930 |
From: walkyr@aol.com |
Date: 2008-10-04 |
Subject: Latin language broadcast? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57931 |
From: Gnaeus Caelius Ahenobarbus |
Date: 2008-10-04 |
Subject: Re: Latin language broadcast? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57932 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2008-10-04 |
Subject: Re: Today in Rome: Oct, 4, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57933 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2008-10-04 |
Subject: Re: Today in Rome: Oct, 4, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57934 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Re: Latin language broadcast? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57935 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Re: Latin language broadcast? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57936 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Re: Today in Rome: Oct, 4, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57937 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Today in Rome: Oct 5, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57938 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Re: Latin language broadcast? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57939 |
From: Titus Iulius Sabinus |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Re: Latin language broadcast? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57940 |
From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Your citizen photo, 10/5/2008, 12:00 pm |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57941 |
From: C. Marius Lupus |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Artemis Basilia nata est |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57942 |
From: iulius sabinus |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Re: Artemis Basilia nata est |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57943 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Re: Artemis Basilia nata est |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57944 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: a. d. III Nonas Octobris: Mundus patet; Fortuna Redux; Dea Syria |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57945 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Re: Artemis Basilia nata est |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57946 |
From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: File - language.txt |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57947 |
From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: File - EDICTUM DE SERMONE |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57948 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Re: Artemis Basilia nata est |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57949 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Re: Artemis Basilia nata est |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57950 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-05 |
Subject: Today in Rome: Oct, 6, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57951 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-06 |
Subject: Pridie Nonae Octobrae: Battle of Arausio |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57952 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2008-10-06 |
Subject: Re: Artemis Basilia nata est |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57953 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2008-10-06 |
Subject: Re: CALL FOR CANDIDATES |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57954 |
From: titus.aquila |
Date: 2008-10-06 |
Subject: CALL FOR CANDIDATES Plebeian offices |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57955 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-06 |
Subject: CONVOCATORIA A CANDIDATOS PLEBEYOS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57956 |
From: C.ARMINIVS.RECCANELLVS |
Date: 2008-10-06 |
Subject: Re: Artemis Basilia nata est |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57957 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2008-10-06 |
Subject: Nova Roma Project in Middle Tennessee, need volunteers and input, gr |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57958 |
From: Publius Memmius Albucius |
Date: 2008-10-06 |
Subject: LUDI OCTOBRIS coming |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57959 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Today in Rome: Oct 7, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57960 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: NONAE OCTOBRIS: Jupiter Fu;gur and Juno Curitis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57961 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Latin returns from the dead |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57962 |
From: Publius Memmius Albucius |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Re: Latin returns from the dead |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57963 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Re: Latin returns from the dead |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57964 |
From: Nate Kingery |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: New |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57965 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Re: New |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57966 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Fw: [Nova-Roma] LUDI OCTOBRIS coming |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57967 |
From: Publius Memmius Albucius |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Re: LUDI OCTOBRIS coming |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57968 |
From: Publius Memmius Albucius |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: LUDI Octobris - EQUUS OCTOBER races and fights |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57969 |
From: Lucia Livia Plauta |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Uncovered, the 'lost' beach where the Romans got a toehold on Britai |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57970 |
From: Publius Memmius Albucius |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Re: New |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57971 |
From: James V Hooper |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Re: New |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57972 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Re: New |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57973 |
From: nate kingery |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Re: New |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57974 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-10-07 |
Subject: Re: New |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57975 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Today in Rome: Oct, 8, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57976 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: a. d. VIII Eidus Octobris: Battle of Cibalae |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57977 |
From: Terry Wilson |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: New |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57978 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Tabularium Deleted |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57979 |
From: David Kling (Modianus) |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: Tabularium Deleted |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57980 |
From: M·CVR·COMPLVTENSIS |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: M. CURIATIUS COMPLUTENSIS CANDIDATE FOR CONSULSHIP |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57981 |
From: M·CVR·COMPLVTENSIS |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: COMPLVTENSIS AND SEVERVS FOR CONSVLS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57982 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: M. IVLIVS SEVERVS, CANDIDATE FOR CONSVL 2009 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57983 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: COMPLVTENSIS AND SEVERVS FOR CONSVLS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57984 |
From: C.ARMINIVS.RECCANELLVS |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: C.ARM.RECCANELLVS for Quaestor |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57985 |
From: M·CVR·COMPLVTENSIS |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: ANUNCIO DE CANDIDATURA AL CONSULADO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57986 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: Tabularium Deleted |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57987 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: COMPLVTENSIS AND SEVERVS FOR CONSVLS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57988 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: New |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57989 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: Uncovered, the 'lost' beach where the Romans got a toehold on Br |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57990 |
From: Christer Edling |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: COMPLVTENSIS AND SEVERVS FOR CONSVLS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57991 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] Re: Tabularium Deleted |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57992 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: Artemis Basilia nata est |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57993 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: Tabularium Deleted |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57994 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: COMPLVTENSIS AND SEVERVS FOR CONSVLS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57996 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: COMPLVTENSIS AND SEVERVS FOR CONSVLS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57997 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: COMPLVTENSIS AND SEVERVS FOR CONSVLS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57998 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: CANDIDATVRA DE M. IVLIVS SEVERVS PARA CÓNSVL EN 2009 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 57999 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: CANDIDATVRA AL CONSOLATO DI M. IVLIVS SEVERVS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58000 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: COMPLVTENSIS Y SEVERVS PARA CÓNSVLES |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58001 |
From: David Kling (Modianus) |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: Re: COMPLVTENSIS AND SEVERVS FOR CONSVLS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58002 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-08 |
Subject: C. Petronius Dexter Candidate for Quaestor. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58003 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Today in Rome: Oct 9, 2008. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58004 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Re: M. IVLIVS SEVERVS, CANDIDATE FOR CONSVL 2009 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58005 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: AW: [Nova-Roma] COMPLVTENSIS AND SEVERVS FOR CONSVLS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58006 |
From: titus.aquila |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: AQUILA FOR QUAESTOR |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58007 |
From: titus.aquila |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: AQUILA FOR QUAESTOR |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58008 |
From: MCC |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: COMPLVTENSIS E SEVERVS CONSOLI |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58009 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: a. d. VII Eidus Octobris: Genio publico Faustae Felicitati Veneri Ap |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58010 |
From: Steve Moore |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: M. Valerius Potitus dons the toga for Quaestor |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58011 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Candidate for Censor |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58012 |
From: Gens Iulia |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Re: [NR_Argentina] COMPLVTENSIS Y SEVERVS PARA CÓNSVLES EN 2009 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58013 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Re: COMPLVTENSIS AND SEVERVS FOR CONSVLS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58014 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: The Religo and My Candidacy |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58015 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Re: DEXTER FOR QVAESTOR... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58016 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Re: AQUILA FOR QUAESTOR |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58017 |
From: M•IVL•SEVERVS |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: [NR_Argentina] COMPLVTENSIS Y SEVERVS PARA CÓNS |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58018 |
From: C·ARMINIVS·RECCANELLVS |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: C•ARM•RECCANELLVS for Quaestor |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58019 |
From: C•ARMINIVS•RECCANELLVS |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] COMPLVTENSIS Y SEVERVS PARA CÓNSVLES |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58020 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Re: New |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58021 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Re: Tabularium Deleted |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58022 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Re: Tabularium *NOT* Deleted |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58023 |
From: Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58024 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Re: Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 58025 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2008-10-09 |
Subject: Re: Tabularium *NOT* Deleted |
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M. Moravius Piscinus cultoribus Deorum et omnibus salutem plurimam
dicit: Fides Publica virtutem in nos addat.
Hodie est Kalendis Octobribus; haec dies nefastus est.: Fidei in
Capitolio; Tigillo Sororio ad compitum acili; sacra Cereri.
Today is the third day of the nine day Hindu festival of Navratri,
celebrating the Earth Mother Shakti in Her three forms of Durga,
Lakshmi, and Saraswati. I note this because today also saw rustic
rites for Ceres, part of a nine day fast, as is also part of
Navratri. The fast of Ceres concludes on 4 October, which is the
last day of the second segment of Navratri. Both festivals celebrate
the beginning of winter, as the Roman festival concerns the departure
of Proserpina back to Dis Pater, both with the promise of a peaceful,
prosperous, and spiritual new year to follow.
AUC 500 / 253 BCE: Temple of Fides Publica
"Goddess more ancient than Jupiter, virtuous glory of gods and men,
without whom there is no peace on earth, nor on the seas, sister of
Justicia, Fides, silent divinity within the hearts of men and women"
~ Silius Italicus, Punica 2.484-87
On this day the three flamines maiores led a procession to the
Capitol. They rode in a covered wagon. With their right forearm
wrapped to the fingers with bands of white cloth, they sacrificed to
the Goddess Fides Publica and to Honor. Afterwards a feast was held.
Rex Numa Pompilius "instituted a yearly sacrifice to the Goddess
Fides and ordered that the Flamenes should ride to Her temple in a
hooded chariot, and should perform the service with their hands
covered as far as the fingers, to signify that Faith must be
sheltered and that Her seat is holy even when it is in a man's right
hand." ~ Titus Livius 1.21
The introduction of the three flamines maiores to the rites of Fides
is thought by some to have been at a very early date. But the temple
didn't arise until the Middle Republican, by which time the flamines
maiores represented the triune of deities of Jupiter, as the
grandfather of Romulus, the father as Mars, and then Quirinus who by
this time was identified with the son of Mars, Romulus.
"By such laws Numa brought the State to frugality and moderation. And
in order to encourage the observance of justice in the matter of
contracts, he hit upon a device which was unknown to all who have
established the most celebrated institutions. For, observing that
contracts made in public and before witnesses are, out of respect for
the persons present, generally observed and that few are guilty of
any violation of them, but that those which are made without
witnesses — and these are much more numerous than the others — rest
on no other security than the good faith of those who make them, he
thought it incumbent on himself to make this faith the chief object
of his care and to render it worthy of divine worship. For he felt
that Justice, Themis, Nemesis, and those the Greeks call Erinyes,
with other concepts of the kind, had been sufficiently revered and
worshipped as Gods by the men of former times, but that Faith, than
which there is nothing greater nor more sacred among men, was not yet
worshipped either by states in their public capacity or by private
persons. As the result of these reflections he, first of all men,
erected a temple to Fides Publica and instituted sacrifices in Her
honor at public expense in the same manner as the rest of the Gods.
And in truth the result was bound to be that this attitude of good
faith and constancy on the part of the State toward all men would in
the course of time render the behavior of the individual citizens
similar. In any case, so revered and inviolable a thing was good
faith in their estimation, that the greatest oath a man could take
was by his own faith, and this had greater weight than all the
testimony taken together. And if there was any dispute between one
man and another concerning a contract entered into without witnesses,
the faith of either of the parties was sufficient to decide the
controversy and prevent it from going any farther. And the
magistrates and courts of justice based their decisions in most
causes on the oaths of the parties attesting by their faith. Such
regulations, devised by Numa at that time to encourage moderation and
enforce justice, rendered the Roman State more orderly than the best
regulated household." ~ Dionysius of Halicarnassus 2.75
Wrapping the right arm in white cloth from just below the elbow to
the index and middle finger signified the ritual purity of the
flamenes maiores as they were led by the flamen Dialis in sacrifices
to Fides. The statue of Fides may have had Her arm enwrapped as
well. She was at least clothed in a white garment to show Her purity
(Horace, Odes 1.35.21). Certain parts of the body had religious
significance, the right hand being one of the most important.
"There are also certain religious ideas attached to other parts of
the body, as is testified in raising the back of the right hand to
the lips, and extending it as a token of good faith (Fides). It was
the custom of the ancient Greeks, when in the act of supplication, to
touch the chin. The seat of the memory lies in the lower part of the
ear, which we touch when we summon a witness to depose upon memory to
an arrest. The seat, too, of Nemesis lies behind the right ear, a
Goddess which has never yet found a Latin name, no, not in the
Capitol even. It is to this part that we apply the finger next the
little finger, after touching the mouth with it, when we silently ask
pardon of the Gods for having let slip an indiscreet word." ~ G.
Plinius Secundus, Historia Naturalis 11.103 (250)
AUC 80 / 673 BCE: The Tigillum Sororium
In the war between Rome under Tullus Hostilius and Alba Longa under
Gaius Cluilius, a treaty allowed that the outcome of the war should
be decided by champions. Rome chose the three Horatii brothers and
Alba Longa the three Curiatii brothers. Publius Horatius alone
survived the contest, and thus was Alba Longa brought under Rome.
"Horatius was marching at the head of the Roman army, carrying in
front of him his triple spoils. His sister, who had been betrothed to
one of the Curiatii, met him outside the Capene gate. She recognised
on her brother's shoulders the cloak of her betrothed, which she had
made with her own hands; and bursting into tears she tore her hair
and called her dead lover by name. The triumphant soldier was so
enraged by his sister's outburst of grief in the midst of his own
triumph and the public rejoicing that he drew his sword and stabbed
the girl. 'Go,' he cried, in bitter reproach, 'go to your betrothed
with your ill-timed love, forgetful as you are of your dead brothers,
of the one who still lives, and of your country! So perish every
Roman woman who mourns for an enemy!' The deed horrified patricians
and plebeians alike; but his recent services were a set-off to it. He
was brought before the king for trial. To avoid responsibility for
passing a harsh sentence, which would be repugnant to the populace,
and then carrying it into execution, the king summoned an assembly of
the people, and said: "I appoint two duumvirs to judge the treason of
Horatius according to law." The dreadful language of the law
was: 'The duumvirs shall judge cases of treason; if the accused
appeal from the duumvirs, the appeal shall be heard; if their
sentence be confirmed, the lictor shall hang him by a rope on the
fatal tree, and shall scourge him either within or without the
pomoerium.' The duumvirs appointed under this law did not think that
by its provisions they had the power to acquit even an innocent
person. Accordingly they condemned him; then one of them
said: 'Publius Horatius, I pronounce you guilty of treason. Lictor,
bind his hands.' The lictor had approached and was fastening the
cord, when Horatius, at the suggestion of Tullus, who placed a
merciful interpretation on the law, said, 'I appeal.' The appeal was
accordingly brought before the people.
"Their decision was mainly influenced by Publius Horatius, the
father, who declared that his daughter had been justly slain; had it
not been so, he would have exerted his authority as a father in
punishing his son. Then he implored them not to bereave of all his
children the man whom they had so lately seen surrounded with such
noble offspring. Whilst saying this he embraced his son, and then,
pointing to the spoils of the Curiatii suspended on the spot now
called the Pila Horatia, he said: "Can you bear, Quirites, to see
bound, scourged, and tortured beneath the gallows the man whom you
saw, lately, coming in triumph adorned with his foemen's spoils? Why,
the Albans themselves could not bear the sight of such a hideous
spectacle. Go, lictor, bind those hands which when armed but a little
time ago won dominion for the Roman people. Go, cover the head of the
liberator of this City! Hang him on the fatal tree, scourge him
within the pomoerium, if only it be amongst the trophies of his foes,
or without, if only it be amongst the tombs of the Curiatii! To what
place can you take this youth where the monuments of his splendid
exploits will not vindicate him from such a shameful punishment?" The
father's tears and the young soldier's courage ready to meet every
peril were too much for the people. They acquitted him because they
admired his bravery rather than because they regarded his cause as a
just one. But since a murder in broad daylight demanded some
expiation, the father was commanded to make an atonement for his son
at the cost of the State. After offering certain expiatory sacrifices
he erected a beam across the street and made the young man pass under
it, as under a yoke, with his head covered. This beam exists to-day,
having always been kept in repair by the State: it is called 'The
Sister's Beam.' A tomb of hewn stone was constructed for Horatia on
the spot where she was murdered." ~ Titus Livius 1.26
"The king did not believe that the judgment thus passed upon Horatius
by men was a sufficient atonement to satisfy those who desired to
observe due reverence toward the Gods; but sending for the pontiffs,
he ordered them to appease the Gods and other divinities and to
purify Horatius with those lustrations with which it was customary
for involuntary homicides to be expiated. The pontiffs erected two
altars, one to Juno Sororia, to whom the care of sisters is allotted,
and the other to a certain God or lesser divinity of the country
called in their language Janus, to whom was now added the name
Curiatius, derived from that of the cousins who had been slain by
Horatius; and after they had offered certain sacrifices upon these
altars, they finally, among other expiations, led Horatius under the
yoke. It is customary among the Romans, when enemies deliver up their
arms and submit to their power, to fix two pieces of wood upright in
the ground and fasten a third to the top of them transversely, then
to lead the captives under this structure, and after they have passed
through, to grant them their liberty and leave to return home. This
they call a yoke; and it was the last of the customary expiatory
ceremonies used upon this occasion by those who purified Horatius.
The place in the city where they performed this expiation is regarded
by all the Romans as sacred; it is in the street that leads down from
the Carinae as one goes towards Cuprius Street. Here the altars then
erected still remain, and over them extends a beam which is fixed in
each of the opposite walls; the beam lies over the heads of those who
go out of this street and is called in the Roman tongue "the Sister's
Beam," Tigillum Sororium This place, then, is still preserved in the
city as a monument to this man's misfortune and honored by the Romans
with sacrifices every year." ~ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman
Antiquities 3.22.6-8
It would seem from legend that these annual rituals were maintained
as sacra privita of gens Horatia, but that the public was so involved
in viewing the rituals that over time this was adopted as a public
ritual, or at least paid in part at public expense. On the other
hand it may have once been a ritual purification of girls coming of
age, or a purification ritual of a returning army. In either case
then the ritual of the Tigillum Sororium began as a public ritual and
only later was a legend created to explain it.
AUC 422 / 331 BCE: The Battle of Arbela
Perhaps the most significant battle in the ancient history, because
of the results that came from it, was when Alexander matched his
phalanxes on the "Pasture of the Camels" (Gaugamela) near the town of
Arbela against the massive army of Darius III. Following the Battle
of Issus (333 BCE) Alexander plunged down the Syrian coast and into
Egypt, seizing the ports, by which he deprived them to Darius' navy
and secured his own lines of communication. This provided Darius two
years to raise a new army. Alexander is thought to have had 40,000
infantry and another 7,000 in cavalry. The army of Darius was
numbered by Diodorus at 800,000 infantry and 200,000 cavalry. Arrian
numbered them at a million foot and 400,000 cavalry, while Curtius
gives the more reasonable figures of 200,000 infantry and 45,000
cavalry. However many men Darius may have had in his army, most of
his infantry were untrained levies. In reality he had about 1,000
foot guardsmen of any real quality, and then perhaps a few thousand
additional Greek mercenaries. His real advantage was in light
cavalry, which did manage to out flank Alexander's line and attack
his camp. This, however, only took the Persian cavalry away from the
main action at the most critical moment. A gap opened in the Persian
line, through which Alexander led a charge of his Companions directly
at Darius. Darius then fled, and with him his army disintegrated.
Alexander pursued Darius until finally one of his own satraps
murdered Darius. The result won Alexander the Persian Empire and
brought Western (i. e. Greek) civilization to the threshold of the
East, and opened Indian and Southeast Asian trade to the West.
AUC 961 / 208 CE: Birth of Severus Alexander
A descendent of Alexander the Great, Severus Alexander was declared
emperor by the legions, when the Praetorians assassinated his cousin
Elgabalus. Severus Alexander became known as "the Restorer of the
World" for his good rule, following the disastrous Elgabalus.
Today's thought is from L. Annaeus Seneca, Epistle Epistle 95.3.60:
"Men say: 'The happy life consists in upright conduct; precepts guide
one to upright conduct; therefore precepts are sufficient for
attaining the happy life.' But they do not always guide us to upright
conduct; this occurs only when the will is receptive; and sometimes
they are applied in vain, when wrong opinions obsess the soul."
|
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Fl. Galerius Aurelianus sal.
I have been asked this question before as I live very close to Ft. Campbell. The first section deals with Military Occupational Specialty (56M) and the second section is taken from the Army Chaplains Handbook.
Vale.
Major duties.(Note: This MOS recently changed from 71M to 56M). The chaplain assistant performs and provides specified elements of religious support mission in deployments, combat operations, training, and sustainment. Duties for MOS 56M at each level of skill are:
(1) Skill Level 1. Performs religious support duties for Unit Ministry Team (UMT) programs, worship services and crisis inter vention. Performs UMT functions in field and combat environment. Performs combat lifesaver tasks. Applies communication skills in crisis and potential suicide intervention. Supports the UMT family readiness program. Coordinates UMT activities and maintains physi cal security of UMT facilities/equipment. Safeguards privileged communications and offerings. Arranges religious retreats and me morial ceremonies. Receives, screens and refers visitors and pro spective counselee. Performs office admnistration functions using automated systems to include inventorying supplies and equipment and determining supply requirements. Maintains chaplain vestments and religious items.
(2) Skill Level2. Performs religious support duties in first level battle fatigue care. Provides for emergency ministrations on the battlefield. Prepares UMT section input to staff estimates, operation plans and orders. Implements specified elements of the Religious Support Plan (RSP) and Command Master Religious Plan (CMRP). Coordinates rites, sacraments, ordinances, and the UMT family readiness program. Organizes support for UMT programs, worship and small group training sessions. Conducts training on indigenous religious, cultural distinctions, and customs. Implements the religious support volunteer program. Provides intake interviews and assessments.
(3) Skill Level3. Trains and performs religious support duties within the commander's area of operation. Adapts UMT support to unit's mission, enemy situation, terrain, troops and time available (METT). Coordinates the implementation of the RSP and CMRP. Assists soldiers in developing moral values and resolving conflict. Supports the combat stress control team. Organizes religious retreats. Trains family support group leaders. Assists families in spirit ual renewal upon reintegration. Manages chaplain funds.
(4) Skill Level4. Leads in performing religious support opera tions. Plans and implements enlisted training, CMRP and chaplain annex to OPLANS. Manages chaplin support activities. Develops family spiritual renewal reintegration strategies. Conducts moral leadership training. Implements crisis intervention strategies. Imple ments internal controls for funds. Prepares requests for grants. Per forms conflict resolutions.
(5) Skill Level5. Analyzes, develops, implements, and assesses plans, polices and programs affecting the religious support mission and operations. Performs strategic planning for religious support operations. Prepares contingency and mobilization planning and training. Plans and coordinates general religious support to joint, specified, and unified commands. Develops UMI Mission Essential Task List. Provides guidance on world religions and cultural distinc tions and customs. Prepares installation/command religious program support plan. Prepares and evaluates implementation of CMRP.A dvises command chaplain on religious and moral issues of command,
Physical demands rating and qualifications for initial award of MOS. Chaplain assistant must possess the following qualifications:
(1) A physical demands rating, of moderately heavy.
(2) A physical profile, of 222221.
(3) A minimum score, of 95 in aptitude area CL.
(4) The ability to type at a minimum speed of 20 net words per minute.
(5) Must have favorable ENTNAC prior to award of MOS 56M.
(6) Volunteer and agree to provide religious support for all reli gions supported by the command.
(7) Is a combatant and will participate in firearms training and bear arms.
(8) Must display high moral character as determined by the fol lowing criteria:
(9) A valid state motor vehicle operator's permit (not due to expire prior to completion of AlT).
(10) Formal training (completion of MOS 56M course conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Army Chaplain Center and School (USACHCS)) is mandatory. Reserve component soldiers with prior service may qualify by completion of either the course at USACHCS or complete both the Annual Training/Active Duty for Training and the Inactive Duty Training phase of MOS 56 M Re serve Component Training.
Additional skill identifiers
Training/School Information
Information derived from Army Pamplet 611-21
*************************************
Military Views on Wicca
US Army Chaplain's Manual
Excerpt from the U.S. Army's Religious Requirements and Practices of Certain Selected Groups: A Handbook for Chaplains (pgs 231-236). Available from:
USAF Chaplain's Service Institute
Resource Division
525 Chenault Circle
Maxwell AFB
Montgomery, AL 36112-6429
WICCA
ADDRESS:
No central address. Wiccan worship groups, called covens, are essentially autonomous. Many, but far from all, have affiliated with:
Covenant of the Goddess
P.O. Box 1226
Berkeley, CA 94704
OTHER NAMES BY WHICH KNOWN:
Witchcraft; Goddess worshippers; Neo-Paganism, Paganism, Norse (or any other ethnic designation) Earth Religion, Old Religion, Druidism, Shamanism.
Note: All of these groups have some basic similarities and many surface differences of expression with Wicca.
LEADERSHIP:
No central leadership. The Covenant of the Goddess annually elects a First Officer and there is a constitutional limit of two consecutive terms, but in practice officers have almost always served for one year only. In 1991, there are two Co-First Officers, Phoenix Whitebirch and Brandy Williams.
MEMBERSHIP:
Because of the complete autonomy of covens, this cannot be determined. There are an estimated of 50,000 Wiccans in the United States.
(Hernes note: This number is now substantially higher and estimated at over 200,000. Wicca is currently the fastest growing spiritual path in the U.S.)
HISTORICAL ORIGIN:
Wicca is a reconstruction of the Nature worship of tribal Europe, strongly influenced by the Living Nature worship traditions of tribal peoples in other parts of the world.
The works of such early twentieth century writers as Margaret Murray, Robert Graves and Gerald B. Gardner began the renewal of interest in the Old Religion. After the repeal of the anti-Witchcraft laws in Britain in 1951, Gardner publicly declared himself a Witch and began to gather a group of students and worshipers.
In 1962, two of his students, Raymond and Rosemary Buckland (religious names: Lady Rowen and Robat), emigrated to the United States and began teaching Gardnerian Witchcraft here. At the same time, other groups of people became interested through reading books by Gardner and others. Many covens were spontaneously formed, using rituals created from a combination of research and individual inspiration. These self-created covens are today regarded as just as valid as those who can trace a "lineage" of teaching back to England.
In 1975, a very diverse group of covens who wanted to secure the legal protections and benefits of church status formed Covenant of the Goddess (CoG), which is incorporated in the State of California and recognized by the Internal Revenue Service. CoG does not represent all, or even a majority of Wiccans. A coven or an individual need not be affiliated with CoG in order to validly practice the religion. But CoG is the largest single public Wiccan organization, and it is cross-Traditional (i.e. non-denominational).
BASIC BELIEFS:
Wiccans worship the sacred as immanent in Nature, often personified as Mother Earth and Father Sky. As polytheists, they may use many other names for Deity. Individuals will often choose Goddesses or Gods from any of the world's pantheons whose stories are particularly inspiring and use those Deities as a focus for personal devotions.
Similarly, covens will use particular Deity names as a group focus, and these are often held secret by the groups. It is very important to be aware that Wiccans do not in any way worship or believe in "Satan," "the Devil," or any similar entities. They point out that "Satan" is a symbol of rebellion against and inversion of the Christian and Jewish traditions.
Wiccans do not revile the Bible. They simply regard it as one among many of the world's mythic systems, less applicable than some to their core values, but still deserving just as much respect as any of the others. Most Wiccan groups also practice magic, by which they mean the direction and use of "psychic energy," those natural but invisible forces which surround all living things. Some members spell the word "magick," to distinguish it from sleight of hand entertainments.
Wiccans employ such means as dance, chant, creative visualization and hypnosis to focus and direct psychic energy for the purpose of healing, protecting and aiding members in various endeavors. Such assistance is also extended to non-members upon request.
Many, but not all, Wiccans believe in reincarnation. Some take this as a literal description of what happens to people when they die. For others, it is a symbolic model that helps them deal with the cycles and changes within this life. Neither Reincarnation nor any other literal belief can be used as a test of an individual's validity as a member of the Old Religion.
Most groups have a handwritten collection of rituals and lore, known as a Book of Shadows. Part of the religious education of a new member will be to hand copy this book for him or herself. Over they years, as inspiration provides, new material will be added. Normally, access to these books is limited to initiated members of the religion.
PRACTICES AND BEHAVIORAL STANDARDS:
The core ethical statement of Wicca, called the "Wiccan Rede" states "an it harm none, do what you will." The rede fulfills the same function as does the "Golden Rule" for Jews and Christians; all other ethical teachings are considered to be elaborations and applications of the Rede. It is a statement of situational ethics, emphasizing at once the individual's responsibility to avoid harm to others and the widest range of personal autonomy in "victimless" activities. Wicca has been described as having a "high-choice" ethic.
Because of the basic Nature orientation of the religion, many Wiccans will regard all living things as Sacred, and show a special concern for ecological issues. For this reason, individual conscience will lead some to take a pacifist position. Some are vegetarians. Others will feel that, as Nature's Way includes self-defense, they should participate in wars that they conscientiously consider to be just. The religion does not dictate either position, but requires each member to thoughtfully and meditatively examine her or his own conscience and to live by it. Social forces generally do not yet allow Witches to publicly declare their religious faith without fear of reprisals such as loss of job, child custody challenges, ridicule, etc. Prejudice against Wiccans is the result of public confusion between Witchcraft and Satanism. Wiccans in the military, especially those who may be posted in countries perceived to be particularly intolerant, will often have their dog tags read "No Religious Preference." Concealment is a traditional Wiccan defense against persecution, so non-denominational dog tags should not contravene a member's request for religious services.
Wiccans celebrate eight festivals, called "Sabbats," as a means of attunement to the seasonal rhythms of Nature. These are January 31 (Called Oimelc, Brigit, or February Eve), March 21 (Ostara or Spring Equinox), April 30 (Beltane or May Eve), June 22 (Midsummer, Litha or Summer Solstice), July 31 (Lunasa or Lammas), September 21 (Harvest, Mabon or Autumn Equinox), October 31 (Samhain, Sowyn or Hallows), and December 21 (Yule or Winter Solstice.)
Some groups find meetings within a few days of those dates to be acceptable, others require the precise date. In addition, most groups will meet for worship at each Full Moon, and many will also meet on the New Moon.
Meetings for religious study will often be scheduled at any time convenient to the members, and rituals can be scheduled whenever there is a need (i.e. for a healing). Ritual jewelry is particularly important to many Wiccans. In addition to being a symbol of religious dedication, these talismans are often blessed by the coven back home and felt to carry the coven's protective and healing energy.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE:
Most Wiccans meet with a coven, a small group of people. Each coven is autonomous. Most are headed by a High Priestess, often with the assistance of a High Priest. Some are headed by a High Priestess or High Priest without a partner, and some regard themselves as a gathering of equals. Covens can be of mixed gender, or all female or male, depending on the preferences of the members. Every initiate is considered to be a priestess or priest.
Most covens are small. Thirteen is the traditional maximum number of members, although not an absolute limit. At that size covens form a close bond, so Wiccans in the military are likely to maintain a strong affiliation with their covens back home. There are many distinct "Traditions" of Wicca, just as there are many denominations within Christianity.
The spectrum of Wiccan practice can be described as ranging from "traditional" to "eclectic," with Traditions, covens and individuals fitting anywhere within that range. A typical difference would be that more traditional groups would tend to follow a set liturgy, whereas eclectic groups would emphasize immediate inspiration in worship.
These distinctions are not particularly important to the military chaplain, since it is unlikely that enough members of any one Tradition would be at the same base. Worship circles at military facilities are likely to be ad-hoc cross-Traditional groups, working out compromise styles of worship for themselves and constantly adapting them to a changing membership.
Therefore, the lack of strict adherence to the patterns of any one Tradition is not an indicator of invalidity. While many Wiccans meet in a coven, there are also a number of solitairies. These are individuals who choose to practice their faith alone. The may have been initiated in a coven or self initiated. They will join with other Wiccans to celebrate the festivals or to attend the various regional events organized by the larger community.
ROLE OF MINISTERS:
Within a traditional coven, the High Priestess, usually assisted by her High Priest, serves both as leader in the rituals and as teacher and counselor for coven members and unaffiliated Pagans. Eclectic covens tend to share leadership more equally.
WORSHIP:
Wiccans usually worship in groups. Individuals who are currently not affiliated with a coven, or are away from their home coven, may choose to worship privately or may form ad-hoc groups to mark religious occasions. Non-participating observers are not generally welcome at Wiccan rituals.
Some, but not all, Wiccan covens worship in the nude (skyclad) as a sign of attunement with Nature.
Most, but not all, Wiccan covens bless and share a cup of wine as part of the ritual. Almost all Wiccans use an individual ritual knife (an "athame") to focus and direct personal energy. Covens often also have ritual swords to direct the energy of the group. These tools, like all other ritual tools, are highly personal and should never leave the possession of the owner.
Other commonly used ritual tools include a bowl of water, a bowl of salt, a censer with incense, a disk with symbols engraved on it (a "pentacle"), statues or artwork representing the Goddess and God, and candles. Most groups will bless and share bread or cookies along with the wine. All of these items are used in individual, private worship as well as in congregate rituals.
DIETARY LAWS OR RESTRICTIONS:
None.
FUNERAL AND BURIAL REQUIREMENTS:
None. Recognition of the death of a member takes place within the coven, apart from the body of the deceased. Ritual tools, materials, or writings found among the effects of the deceased should be returned to their home coven (typically a member will designate a person to whom ritual materials should be sent). It is desirable for a Wiccan priest or priestess to be present at the time of death, but not strictly necessary. If not possible, the best assistance would be to make the member as comfortable as possible, listen to whatever they have to say, honor any possible requests, and otherwise leave them as quiet and private as possible.
MEDICAL TREATMENT:
No medical restrictions. Wiccans generally believe in the efficacy of spiritual or psychic healing when done in tandem with standard medical treatment. Therefore, at the request of the patient, other Wiccan personnel should be allowed visiting privileges as though they were immediate family, including access to Intensive Care Units. Most Wiccans believe that healing energy can be sent from great distances, so, if possible, in the case of any serious medical condition, the member's home coven should be notified.
OTHER:
With respect to attitude toward military service, Wiccans range from career military personnel to conscientious objectors. Wiccans do not proselytize and generally resent those who do. They believe that no one Path to the Sacred is right for all people, and see their own religious pattern as only one among many that are equally worthy. Wiccans respect all religions that foster honor and compassion in their adherents, and expect the same respect. Members are encouraged to learn about all faiths, and are permitted to attend the services of other religions, should they desire to do so.
GENERAL SOURCE BOOKS:
(Aside by Herne. Since this was written by the military, the list of books available has grown subtantially. For more topics and titles, see our Suggested Reading List)
The best general survey of the Wiccan and neo-Pagan movement is: Adler, Margot. Drawing Down the Moon. Boston: Beacon Press, 1986. 595pp
For more specific information about eclectic Wicca, see: Starhawk. The Spiral Dance. New York: Harper & Row, 1979.
For more specific information about traditional Wicca, see: Farrar, Janet, and Stewart Farrar. Eight Sabbats for Witches. London: Robert Hale, 1981. 192pp.
The Witches' Way. London: Robert Hale, 1984. 394pp.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Pagan Military Newsletter c/o Terri Morgan, Editor, 829 Lynnhaven Parkway 114-198 Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Because of the autonomy of each coven and the wide variance of specific ritual practices, the best contact person would be the High Priestess or other leader of the member's home coven.
-----Original Message-----
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus <gawne@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wed, 1 Oct 2008 2:07 pm
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Hypothetical Religo-Military Chaplainary question
Salve Daniel,
Daniel M < tombman13@yahoo. com> writes:
> Here is a somewhat...hypothet ical question for things that I am
> concerned with, what would a man who is all for joining the military do
> if he was a Hellenic pagan leaning in faith, and that area of the
> military he really wants to join is the Chaplainry-What could or would
> he should do???
I'd recommend you contact one of the pagan chaplains currently serving
in the armed forces and talk with them. I'm pretty sure you'll have
to be in possession of at least a Master's degree in religion or a
closely related field to qualify for the chaplain programs offered by
any of the US armed services. If you're looking to join the armed
forces of another country the rules may differ somewhat.
Once you've made contact with a serving pagan chaplain, and
established what you need to qualify, you'll want to find your local
officer recruitment service. You can call the local recruiter and ask
about this, but you should note that the enlisted recruiter will only
have limited knowledge of the officer selection process.
Vale,
CN-EQVIT-MARINVS
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M. Moravius Piscinus Horatianus Quiritibus et omnibus salutem
plurimam dicit: Iuno Curitis vos porrigat opitula
Hodie dies est Nonis Octobris; haec dies fastus est: Iovi Fulguri,
Iunoni Curriti in campo.
Today celebrates Juno Curitis of the Falerii and the Italic Jupiter
Fulgor. Among the Falerii a procession was held in which an image of
a Goddess was carried in the dress and manner of a bride. By what
name She was called is not exactly known. The Romans referred to Her
Juno and by the imperial period She had been assimilated with Juno
Capitolina. The Falerian rite took the form of a sacred marriage,
similar to a hiero gamos as found in Greece, but not otherwise known
in Italy. It has therefore been posed that the rite resulted from
early Greek influence, although there is no good evidence on which to
base this claim. Ovid, in the "Amores," described the procession (see
below), and attributed the ritual to Halaesus who fled Greece upon
the murder of Agamemnon. Ovid also mentions that the ancient altar of
the fanum had been erected "by divine hands" and refers to the myth
of Juno fleeing from Jupiter. It was Hercules who carried Her away on
His shoulders and placed Her in a forest to hide. Many an ancient
shrine, dating back to the Bronze Age or even earlier, in Italy and
in eastern Spain were attributed by the Romans to Hercules. One
example in Italy is mentioned on the Cippus Abellanus; its antiquity
shown by its unusual location being on the boundary between Nola and
Avellino – a feature found with other Bronze Age sites in both Italy
and Spain, being comparable, in a sense, to the later extramural
sanctuaries as of that of Minerva at Lavinium. Whoever the Goddess of
the Falerii may have been, Her sanctuary there was extremely old and
Her rites, rather than a Greek origin, express an early Italian
worship.
The Falerii
"But Falerii and Fescennium were even down to my day inhabited by
Romans and preserved some small remains of the Pelasgian nation,
though they had earlier belonged to the Sicels. In these cities there
survived for a very long time many of the ancient customs formerly in
use among the Greeks, such as the fashion of their arms of war, like
Argolic bucklers and spears; and whenever they sent out an army
beyond their borders, either to begin a war or to resist an invasion,
certain holy men, unarmed, went ahead of the rest bearing the terms
of peace; similar, also, were the structure of their temples, the
images of their gods, their purifications and sacrifices and many
other things of that nature. But the most conspicuous monument which
shows that those people who drove out the Sicels once lived at Argos
in the temple of Juno at Falerii, built in the same fashion as the
one at Argos; here, too, the manner of the sacrificial ceremonies was
similar, holy women served the sacred precinct, and an unmarried
girl, called the canephorus or "basket-bearer," performed the initial
rites of the sacrifices, and there were choruses of virgins who
praised the goddess in the songs of their country. These people also
possessed themselves of no inconsiderable part of the Campanian
plains, as they are called, which afford not only very fertile
pasturage but most pleasing prospects as well, having driven the
Auronissi, a barbarous nation, out of part of them. There they built
various other cities and also Larisa, encamp they named after their
mother-city in the Peloponnesus. Some of these cities were standing
even to my day, having often changed their inhabitants. But Larisa
has been long deserted and shows to the people of to day no other
sign of its ever having been inhabited but its name, and even this is
not generally known. It was not far from the place called Forum
Popilii. They also occupied a great many other places, both on the
coast and in the interior, which they had taken from the Sicels." ~
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 1.21
The purpose of Dionysius in writing was to show a Greek origin of the
civilzed peoples of Italy. So it is not surprising to see him pose
parallels between Mediterranean cultures as though there were a
direct transmission or a common origin. By mentioning the Sicels, he
is pointing to the Bronze Age origin of the Falerian rites. As early
as 1500 BCE there was some contact between Mycene and the southern
coast of Italy to eastern Sicily, when Sicels still supposedly held
the southern part of the Tyrrhenian coast. Sardinians and Tyrrhenian
served as mercenaries in bronze Age Egypt and the Levant. We can say
that there were many influences passing back and forth between
western Italy and the shores of the eastern Mediterranean in the Late
Bronze Age, but it discontinued between 1200 to 1080 BCE. Still,
aware of such possibilities, there is no strong evidence to agree
with Dionysius and not think the Falerii had an entirely indigenous
cultus Iumonis.
Who was the bridegroom of Juno Curitis? The inference would naturally
seem to be Jupiter. Ovid also makes that inference with the goat,
banned by Juno, but sacred to the Idean Jupiter who was suckled by
one. "But," says W. W. Fowler, "this cannot be proved, and is in fact
supported by no real evidence as to the old-Italian relation of the
god and goddess (W. Warde Fowler, "The Roman Festivals of the Period
of the Republic, Kennikat Press, 1969, p. 223)." Indeed, without
knowing exactly who the Goddess of the Falerii was, it is difficult
to have any guess on who Her bridegroom may have been originally.
Juno was not known among the Italic tribes. Even in later periods She
appears on inscriptions only at Roman colonies in the Italic tribal
lands. Instead, among the Oscan-speaking tribes and the Umbrians it
was Ceres who was the consort of Jupiter. As an earth Goddess, Ceres
was at times identified with nearby mountains. The Italic Jupiter, or
Diove, was identified with light, whether sunlight, moonlight, or
lightning flashes. And the hiero gamos of the Celestial Father and
the Earth Mother was seen in the appearance of light falling on
mountaintops. This accounts for the various names of Diove where He
was identified along with a nearby mountain and remained distinct
from Roman Jupiter Optimus Maximus. Inscriptions to Jupiter Fulgur
are found in Aemilia, Apulia, Bruttia, Ertruria, and Transpadana. His
assimilation with other forms of Jupiter is perhaps best seen in
Umbria where He is called Iove Fulminus Fulgur Tonens (CIL 11, 4172 =
ILS 3052). Roman Jupiter is a God of sovereignty, among other things,
while the Italic Diove is found almost exclusively as a God of
fertility.
"On the Festival of Juno" by Ovid
"There stood the grove of the Goddess, dark-shadowed, immemorial –
one step inside and you know that some spirit resides within the
place. There's a rough old altar, raised by divine hands, where
worshippers mutter prayers over incense plumes. Through garland
streets, with solemn chanting to the skirl of flutes, and the cheers
of bystanders, comes the annual procession, leading snow-white
heifers, sleek on Falerian pastures, and young calves, unbellowing,
with yet buds on their foreheads. Humble pigs from the sty come next
to placate the God, and wethers with horns curved round their
temples. Only the goat is banned, by Juno's command. When She fled
from Jove's wedding bed, and sought shelter deep within this forest,
the bleat of a goat gave Her away. So to this day little children
cast sticks at the tattler, and whoever scores first, by Her law,
wins a nanny goat as prize. Ahead of the Goddess walks youths and shy
virgins, their hems sweeping the broad streets, the girls hair all
entwined with gold and jewels, gilded shoes peering out from
underneath embroidered mantles. Veiled, white-robed in Greek fashion,
maidens bear the sacred vessels on their heads. The crowd falls into
silent reverence as Juno Herself passes on a gilded float drawn by
Her priestesses." ~ P. Ovidius Naso, 'Amores' 3.13.7-31
AUC 567 /186 BCE: Senate decree against the Bacchanates
A cultus for Bacchus, when first brought to Rome, entailed daylight
initiation rites for women alone. Married women were chosen as
priestess for this cultus, and they conducted the initiations on
three days each year. Livy tells a story, put into the mouth of but
one witness, whereby a woman from Campania, claiming divine
inspiration, moved the rites to nighttime, five nights each month,
and began initiated men along with women. This new cultus provided
cover for any number of crimes including murders and swindling people
of their inheritance. It also engaged in licentious acts of which
the Romans did not approve. Over seven thousand were named as
participants in the crimes, and thousands more involved in the cultus.
"Those who had simply been initiated, who, that is, had repeated
after the priest the prescribed form of imprecation which pledged
them to every form of wickedness and impurity, but had not been
either active or passive participants in any of the proceedings to
which their oath bound them, were detained in prison. Those who had
polluted themselves by outrage and murder, those who had stained
themselves by giving false evidence, forging seals and wills and by
other fraudulent practices, were sentenced to death. The number of
those executed exceeded the number of those sentenced to
imprisonment; there was an enormous number of men as well as women in
both classes. The women who had been found guilty were handed over to
their relatives or guardians to be dealt with privately; if there was
no one capable of inflicting punishment, they were executed publicly.
The next task awaiting the consuls was the destruction of all the
Bacchanalian shrines, beginning with Rome, and then throughout the
length and breadth of Italy; those only excepted where there was an
ancient altar or a sacred image. The senate decreed that for the
future there should be no Bacchanalian rites in Rome or in Italy. If
any one considered that this form of worship was a necessary
obligation and that he could not dispense with it without incurring
the guilt of irreligion, he was to make a declaration before the City
praetor and the praetor was to consult the senate. If the senate gave
permission, not less than one hundred senators being present, he
might observe those rites on condition that not more than five
persons took part in the service, that they had no common fund, and
that there was no priest or conductor of the ceremonies." ~ Titus
Livius 39.18
The decision of the Senate was posted throughout the Italian
provinces. One copy comes down to us from Ager Teuranus, Lucania.
The Senate did not exactly outlaw the worship of Bacchus. But it did
severely restrict the cultus in order to avoid the kinds of crimes
committed behind its guise.
"The consuls Quintus Marcius son of Lucius and Spurius Postumius son
of Lucius consulted the senate on the Nones of October in the Temple
of Bellona. Present at the writing of the decree were Marcus Claudius
son of Marcus, Lucius Valerius son of Publius, and Quintus Minucius
son of Gaius. Concerning the rites of Bacchus among the federated
peoples they decreed that the following edict be made:
'Let none of them be minded to have a shrine of Bacchus. If there are
any who say that they must needs have a shrine of Bacchus, they must
come to the Urban Praetor at Rome and, when their case has been
heard, our senate must make a decision on this, provided that not
fewer than one hundred senators were present when the matter was
discussed. Let no man, whether Roman citizen or Latin ally or other
ally, be minded to go to a meeting of Bacchantes, unless they have
gone to the Urban Praetor and he has authorised it in accordance with
a decision of the senate, provided that not fewer than one hundred
senators were present when the matter was discussed.'
"They decreed:
'Let no man be a priest. Let no-one, man or woman, be a master. Let
none of them be minded to keep a common fund. Let no-one be minded to
make any man or woman an official or a temporary official. Henceforth
let no-one be minded to conspire, collude, plot or make vows in common
among themselves or to pledge loyalty to each other. Let none of them
be minded to hold sacred rites in secret. Let none of them be minded
to hold sacred rites in public or in private or outside the city,
unless they have gone to the Urban Praetor and he has authorised it
in accordance with a decision of the senate, provided that not more
than one hundred senators were present when the matter was discussed.'
"They decreed:
'Let no group of more than five people in all, counting both men and
women, be minded to hold sacred rites; and let no more than two men or
three women be minded to be present, unless authorised by the Urban
Praetor and the senate as above.'
"You are to publicize these decrees at a public meeting over a period
of not less than three market days, and you must keep in mind the
decree of the senate, which was as follows: 'If there are any who
transgress against the decrees set out above, a capital charge is to
be brought against them'. You are to engrave this on a bronze tablet
(this also the senate decreed) and are to give orders that it be set
it up where it can most easily be read. And you are to see to it that
such shrines of Bacchus as now exist (if any) are disbanded in
accordance with the above decree within ten days from the time when
you receive these tablets, unless they contain any genuinely sacred
thing. In the territory of the Teuri." ~ CIL 10, 104: Senatus
counsultus de Baccanalibus
Our thought for today comes from L. Annaeus Seneca, Epistle 86:
"If we can, let us speak more boldly; if not, let us speak more
frankly."
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