Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61377 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: AW: R: [Nova-Roma] Was Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61378 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: (unknown) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61379 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61380 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Pagan and Heathen as religious terms/ was Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61381 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61382 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61383 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61384 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61385 |
From: L. Livia Plauta |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: ;-) Twisted History |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61386 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61387 |
From: philippe cardon |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Pagan and Heathen as religious terms/ was Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61388 |
From: Avv. Claudio Guzzo |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Jews and Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61389 |
From: philippe cardon |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61390 |
From: Chantal Gaudiano |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: (no subject) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61391 |
From: philippe cardon |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Jews and Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61392 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: AW: AW: R: [Nova-Roma] Was Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61393 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61394 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61397 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: (no subject) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61398 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61399 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: AW: [Nova-Roma] (unknown) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61400 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: (unknown) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61401 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: R: AW: AW: R: [Nova-Roma] Was Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61402 |
From: Kristoffer From |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61404 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61405 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61406 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61407 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61408 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61409 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61410 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61411 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: (unknown) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61412 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61413 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61414 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: (unknown) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61415 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: (unknown) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61416 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61417 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61418 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61419 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: a. d. XIII Kalendas Martias: QUIRINALIA |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61420 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: gaudeamus in Quirinalium |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61421 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61422 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61423 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61424 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61425 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61426 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61427 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61428 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61429 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61430 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61431 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61432 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61433 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: ;-) Twisted History |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61434 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61435 |
From: Kirsteen Wright |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: (unknown) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61436 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61437 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61438 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61439 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61440 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61441 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: to onibus SPD |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61442 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61443 |
From: Titus Annaeus Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: (unknown) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61444 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61445 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61446 |
From: Titus Annaeus Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Ca |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61447 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Ca |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61448 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Ca |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61449 |
From: livia_plauta |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: AW: AW: R: [Nova-Roma] Was Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61450 |
From: livia_plauta |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: a. d. XIII Kalendas Martias: QUIRINALIA |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61451 |
From: livia_plauta |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: gaudeamus in Quirinalium |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61452 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61453 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: ;-) Twisted History |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61454 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61455 |
From: livia_plauta |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61456 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Ca |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61457 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61458 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61459 |
From: Titus Annaeus Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Ca |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61460 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61461 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Cato resurgans... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61462 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61463 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61464 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61465 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61466 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61467 |
From: Q. Valerius Poplicola |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61468 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: Cato resurgans... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61469 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61470 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61471 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61472 |
From: Ellen Catalina |
Date: 2009-02-17 |
Subject: Re: (unknown) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61473 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61474 |
From: Ellen Catalina |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Pagan and Heathen as religious terms/ was Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61475 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Pagan and Heathen as religious terms/ was Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61476 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Pagan and Heathen as religious terms/ was Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61477 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Pagan and Heathen as religious terms/ was Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61478 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Jews and Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61479 |
From: Kirsteen Wright |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61480 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61481 |
From: Avv. Claudio Guzzo |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: religiones, populus et Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61482 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: a. d. XII Kalendas Martias: Parentalia; Hersilia |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61483 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: AW: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61484 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Ca |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61485 |
From: philippe cardon |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: religiones, populus et Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61486 |
From: M. Cocceius Firmus |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Ca |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61487 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Ca |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61488 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61489 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: religiones, populus et Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61490 |
From: Kristoffer From |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: religiones, populus et Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61491 |
From: philippe cardon |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: religiones, populus et Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61492 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] Re: religiones, populus et Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61493 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61494 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61495 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61497 |
From: Gaius Aurelius Vindex |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Incontro |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61498 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] Re: religiones, populus et Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61499 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61500 |
From: philippe cardon |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: religiones, populus et Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61501 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Curious non-member with some questions. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61502 |
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61503 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Curious non-member with some questions. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61504 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: a. d. XIII Kalendas Martias: QUIRINALIA |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61505 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: religiones, populus et Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61506 |
From: Gnaeus Caelius Ahenobarbus |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Curious non-member with some questions. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61507 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Beef vs Pork |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61508 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Cato |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61509 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: a. d. XIII Kalendas Martias: QUIRINALIA |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61510 |
From: Titus Annaeus Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Beef vs Pork |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61511 |
From: fratercorleonis |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Sodalitas Christianorum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61513 |
From: Q. Valerius Poplicola |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Sodalitas Christianorum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61514 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Curious non-member with some questions. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61515 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Valete |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61516 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Cato |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61517 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61518 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61519 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61520 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Beef vs Pork |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61521 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61522 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Cato |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61523 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Curious non-member with some questions. |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61524 |
From: Annia Minucia Marcella |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Curious non-member with some questions. |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61525 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Beef vs Pork |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61526 |
From: lucia_herennia75 |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Trying to contact an administrator |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61527 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Trying to contact an administrator |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61528 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61529 |
From: Q. Valerius Poplicola |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Trying to contact an administrator |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61530 |
From: Daniel M |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61531 |
From: fratercorleonis |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61532 |
From: fratercorleonis |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61533 |
From: Gnaeus Equitius Marinus |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Trying to contact an administrator |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61534 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Trying to contact an administrator |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61535 |
From: Q. Valerius Poplicola |
Date: 2009-02-18 |
Subject: Re: Trying to contact an administrator |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61536 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: a. d. XIII Kalendas Martias: QUIRINALIA |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61537 |
From: fratercorleonis |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61538 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: a. d. XIII Kalendas Martias: QUIRINALIA |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61539 |
From: Q. Valerius Poplicola |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61540 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: Beef vs Pork |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61541 |
From: fratercorleonis |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Sodalitas Christiana |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61542 |
From: fratercorleonis |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61543 |
From: philippe cardon |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: Beef vs Pork |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61544 |
From: Vaughn |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: Curious non-member with some questions. |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61545 |
From: M. Lucretius Agricola |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61546 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: a. d. XI Kalendas Martias: Battle of Lugdunum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61547 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61548 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61549 |
From: Quintus Fabius Labeo |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: Curious non-member with some questions. |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61550 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: Beef vs Pork |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61551 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61552 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61553 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61554 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61555 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61556 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: Curious non-member with some questions. |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 61557 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-02-19 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Sodalitas Christianorum |
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Salvete,
RE: Regulus:
>There are two problems with Ulansey's hypothesis. One, it ignores the Armenian Zoroastrian >evidence. Two, his claim that it was a new religion based on the new discovery of precession by >Hipparchus is flawed in two ways. First, Hipparchus (like the Greek contributions to mathematics >in general) came up with a formula to calculate precession. That presupposes observational >\data >collected long enough to know it is a cyclical process instead of a one time event. Second, >Hipparchus actually mentions the fact he is building on the work of others.
And this is why must be well read; studiously. It is also why I cringe when I hear someone putting total faith in one book, scholarly or not. It is so important to also check the sources cited and then read about that source thoroughly. This is what "study is all about. I alluded to some of the "histories" of the 18th and 19th century often being inaccurate by today's standards, much due to translation problems, opinions and viewpoints aka conventionalized expressions of the experience of the author, not necessarily the age of the Ancient Romans, but also because of the liberties taken mainly because there were few to dispute what was written. I had a late 19th Century Medical book that I sold for big bucks and was "the" source for medical illnesses at the time but before I did I shared it with some of my medical colleagues, after about five minutes we were laughing so hard we had to put the book down. Imagine telling your daughter that if it is her time of the month and she has a cotillion to attend, to go and walk bare foot in the snow for several minutes to halt that particular "visit." But this is what that good doctor prescribed. The attitude towards women appeared to stop all progress at the time.
So the old adage applies: "don't believe everything you read." And you know the old saw about opinionsÂ… :)
>David Ulansey, in his The Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries, argues the religion is the invention of >the Stoics and is tied up with the discovery of precession. Manfred Clauss, in his The Roman Cult >of Mithras, argues that the cult was invented in Rome around 90 CE.
I know many who disagree with both Ulansey, esp. regarding Stoicism.
Research is not always objective and facts can be manipulated to meet the others own beliefs. And so, I repeat, one must check the sources themselves if they have a true serious interest. It appears that some writers, and I am venturing a guess here but I believe that Beck (which admittedly I read way too quickly about two years ago) takes a hermeneutic approach, which in itself is controversial and is often found in subjects open to endless debate such as Â…metaphysics.
I have no problem with Mitras, Mithras, being an indigenous Roman deity as long as the evidence is sound. But there is much more work to be done yet before I am convinced. A theme I noticed is that in part this is based on Sol and there is debate as to whether the two are interchangeable. Well Mitras/Mithras is a sun deity, however, and Sol Invictus was a very important part in the later Empire. This is a soldiers cult, by that I mean it wasÂ…synchretic. Btw, synchretic is not a bad word.*laughs* Mitras/Mithras Cult was that of my father but I recognize the stories of the gods I learned at home may not be historically accurate, as did my familia, and we were taught to be seekers of veritas.
Anyhow, just ask a Hindu Brahma or Scholar from India and they just might tell you that it was they who gave the monotheistic "god" concept to the Yahwists traditions, and some will even go so far to say they influenced the Aton. Some Hindus also claim that Zoroastrianism is also a result of Hinduism, the oldest religious philosophy in the world; surely they can be traced back to the pre-historic Indo-Iranian (Persian) period. I say much of this in jest but having spent a great amount of time, and formal academic study, in India, they too, have some compelling arguments. On the surface. But it is long intricate deeply woven nest of material that requires teams of specialists from several different disciplines to unravel. A shame because there is much to be learned and brought to light.
As Regulus said in another post:
> Ihave seen an increasing trend of specialistsretreating into their field, defending their turf, and >fearing to step out of their specialization in case they step on others toes/turf. So, for the topic at >hand, I see classics specialistsbarely talking of conferring with iranologists. Central Asia is the >biggest example. The Turfan oasis finds include Zoroastrian, Manichaean, Sufi, Buddhist, >Indian, Chinese,Christian texts and finds -- whole libraries. Has anyone covered the topic as a >whole? No. The Buddhists will discuss Kushan and Khotanese Buddhist texts. Gnostic scholars >will discuss the Manichaean finds, and so on -- with the narrow spectacles of their respective >specialization. They hesitate to look at the whole picture.
Turcan, "The Cults of the Roman Empire" who also is disputed by those believing that Mitras is indigenous to the Roman cult, states in chapter 4: "The story of Mithras is remarkable and paradoxical."
Cumont, (whom I am quoting from Turcan because it is readily assessable), Turcan paraphrased "Cumont would say that our knowledge of Mithraism is as problemic and full of lucanae as our knowledge of Christianity would be if all we had at our disposal was nothing but the Old Testament and the carved iconography of the cathedrals."
Cato:
> LOL this is like a scavenger hunt!
Isn't it fun! *laughs*
Have a great day, Cato and Regulus; it has certainly been a pleasure. Peace I leave with youÂ…. *impish grin* sorry, I could not resist but it is beautiful;)
Valete,
Julia Aquila
--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Gaius Equitius Cato" <mlcinnyc@...> wrote: > > Cato Sempronio Regulo sal. > > Salve. > > From what I have read it seems as if the "Father of Mithraic Studies", Franz Cumont, was > the first to posit the idea of continuity from Persia (Parthia) to Rome, but that there are > several flaws; chief among them that there are no mithraeums extant in Greater Iran > (stretching from Pakistan all the way over to, but only including a part of, Armenia). > Armenia having been subject to the Persian cultural influence was still a distinct ethnic > and sociological group. Mary Boyce writes that > > "no satisfactory evidence has yet been adduced to show that, before Zoroaster, the > concept of a supreme god existed among the Iranians, or that among them Mithra - or > any other divinity - ever enjoyed a separate cult of his or her own outside either their > ancient or their Zoroastrian pantheons." (Mithra the King and Varuna the Master, p. 243) > > Further, Luther Martin writes that > > "Apart from the name of the god himself, in other words, Mithraism seems to have > developed largely in and is, therefore, best understood from the context of Roman > culture." (Beck on Mithraism: Collected Works With New Essays, "Foreward", p. xiv) > > The earliest evidence of Roman participation in the "mysteries of the Persians" comes, not > surprisingly, with some Roman military; the Legio XV Apollinaris had been sent from > Carnuntum in Pannonia, on the Austro-Hungarian border, to Parthia in AD 62, then > Alexandria, and then got involved in the Jewish Wars - commanded by Titus himself and > actually capturing Iosephus (!). They then settled back in their permanent camp in > Carnuntum, and apparently made Mithraic "dedications" around AD 70. Presumably they > would have learned these dedicatory rites while they were in Parthia, but I'm having no > luck yet in finding a definitive description of the activities. > > Publius Papinius Statius' "Thebaid" (c. AD 80) is the first Roman document to give any kind > of framework to Roman Mithraism, in describing the basic setting of the tauroctomy and > identifying Mithras with Apollo, a solar deity: > > ""Phoebus, Sire! whether the copses of Patara and Lycia's snowy uplands keep thee busy, > or thou delightest to bathe thy golden hair in Castalia's pure drew, or whether as > Thymbra's lord thou dwellest in Troy, where they say thou didst willingly bear on > thankless shoulders blocks of Phrygian stone,... whether `tis right to call thee rosy Titan, > in the fashion of the Achaemenian race, or Osiris bringer of the harvest, or Mithras, that > beneath the rocky Persean cave strains at the reluctant-following horns." (Thebaid, 1.56, > 63) > > LOL this is like a scavenger hunt! > > Vale, > > Cato > > > --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "A. Sempronius Regulus" > asempronius.regulus@ wrote: > > > > Salve, > > > > That is what I think. But others disagree. The Iranological evidence seems to be ignored > in two recent studies. David Ulansey, in his The Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries, argues > the religion is the invention of the Stoics and is tied up with the discovery of precession. > Manfred Clauss, in his The Roman Cult of Mithras, argues that the cult was invented in > Rome around 90 CE. > > > > I have read Ulansey. I have not had the chance to read Clauss. His book is sitting over on > a shelf to be read along with another new study on the Mithraic Mysteries by Roger Beck. > > > > There are two problems with Ulansey's hypothesis. One, it ignores the Armenian > Zoroastrian evidence. Two, his claim that it was a new religion based on the new discovery > of precession by Hipparchus is flawed in two ways. First, Hipparchus (like the Greek > contributions to mathematics in general) came up with a formula to calculate precession. > That presupposes observational data collected long enough to know it is a cyclical process > instead of a one time event. Second, Hipparchus actually mentions the fact he is building > on the work of others. > > > > Perhaps I do a couple of book reviews on Clauss and Beck when I read their books. > > > > Vale, > > A. Sempronius Regulus > > > > --- On Wed, 2/18/09, Gaius Equitius Cato mlcinnyc@ wrote: > > > > > > From: Gaius Equitius Cato mlcinnyc@ > > Subject: Mithras Altars Re: Hagia Sophia Re: Sodalitas Re: [Nova-Roma] Cato's "Return" > > To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com > > Date: Wednesday, February 18, 2009, 1:41 AM > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Cato Sempronio Regulo sal. > > > > Salve. > > > > Isn't Mithraism originally from Persia as well? > > > > "Thus also the Persians, mystically signifying the descent of the soul into the sublunary > > regions, and its regression from it, initiate the mystic (or him who is admitted to the > > arcane sacred rites) in a place which they denominate a cavern. For, as Eubulus says, > > Zoroaster was the first who consecrated in the neighbouring mountains of Persia, a > > spontaneously produced cave, florid, and having fountains, in honour of Mithra, the > maker > > and father of all things; a cave, according to Zoroaster, bearing a resemblance of the > > world, which was fabricated by Mithra. But the things contained in the cavern being > > arranged according to commensurate intervals, were symbols of the mundane elements > > and climates." (Porphyry, On the Cave of the Nymphs 2.11-12) > > > > I thought that the evidentiary problem was connecting Roman-era Mithraism with more > > ancient Mithraism. > > > > Vale, > > > > Cato > > > > --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogrou ps.com, "A. Sempronius Regulus" > > <asempronius. regulus@ ..> wrote: > > > > > > Salve, > > > To see Mithras caves and altars, visit Armenia. I do not agree with more contemporary > > scholars that the Mithraic Mysteries were only a Hellenistic invention. There are a > number > > of studies classicists ignore (discipline turf war) by Iranologists documenting that the > cult > > of Mithras/Mithra has Zoroastrian roots, especially in, Armenia -- where did the cult > come > > from by ancient report?, Armenia. There are all sorts of Mithra sites. And the oldest > > Armenian churches are built right over a Mithra cave-temple. You can walk down to > them. > > > Vale, > > > A. Sempronius Regulus > > >
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M. Moravius Piscinus Horatianus Quiritibus et omnibus salutem
plurimam dicit: Di parenti felicitatem in nos impertiant.
Hodie est ante diem XI Kalendas Martias; haec dies comitialis est:
Felices Natalis! Today is the birthday of Octavianus Titinius, Flamen
Furinalis and Sacerdos Dianae.
AUC 949/ 196 CE or AUC 950 / 197 CE: Septimus Severus defeats
Clodius Albinus at Lugdunum.
In the Year of the Five Emperors, P. Helvius Pertinax was murdered on
28 March 193 after ruling for only 87 days. His murderer, Praetorian
Praefectus Aemilius Laetus, put the throne up for sale. After all,
Pertinax was a little miserly with the Praetorians. A wealthy
Senator Didius Julianus bought the title and lasted until 1 June.
Lucius Septimus Severus, commanding the legions of Pannonia, took
Rome, in the name of Decimus Clodius Albinus, and subsequently had
Didius Julianus executed. Meanwhile in the East, the legions of
Syria declared Pescennius Niger emperor. Niger, with six to nine
legions and a large body of auxiliaries, was met by Severus on the
River Issus in 194 CE.
Clodius Albinus had been declared emperor by his troops in
Britannia. He stripped Britannia of nearly every soldier, crossing
into Gaul in 196 CE with Legiones II Augusta, VI Victrix, and XX
Valeria Victrix, where the Spanish Legio VII Gemina joined with him.
Virius Lupus, who would later replace Albinus as governor of
Britannia, had brought the legiones of his German province to the
support of Severus, but was soon swept aside by the force that
Albinus had gathered. Albinus controlled nearly the entire Western
portion of the Empire, while Septimus Severus tentatively held the
East. Severus reinforced the Alpine passes, and thereby kept Albinus
from advancing further. Then he gathered his forces along the Danube
before crossing into Gaul in a winter campaign. Most scholars place
the battle in February of 197 CE, based on Tertullian. But a better
argument would place the battle fought in 196 CE, just before
Septimus Severus declared himself imperator for the eight time.,
rather than his ninth time in 197 CE when Septimus Severus campaigned
in Parthia.
After an initial victory by Severus at Tinurtium on the Saone River,
Albinus retired on Lugdunum. It was there, on 19 Feb. 196/7 CE,
that Severus and Albinus fought what is regarded as the largest and
bloodiest of battles fought between Romans. The hard fought battle
lasted over two days. And we know vey little about it. The
Scriptores Historia Augusta merely tells us, "Albinus was defeated on
the eleventh day before the Kalends of March (Sept. Sev. 11.7)." Dio
Cassius offers this account.
"There were a hundred and fifty thousand soldiers on each side, and
both leaders were present in the conflict, since it was a life-and
death struggle between them, though Severus had not previously been
present at any other battle. Albinus excelled in family and
education, but his adversary was superior in warfare and was a
skilful commander. It chanced, however, that in an earlier battle
Albinus had defeated Lupus, one of Severus' generals, and had slain
many of his soldiers. The present conflict showed many phases and
shifts of fortune. Thus, Albinus' left wing was defeated and fled
back to the camp, and Severus' men, pursuing them, burst in with them
and proceeded to slay them and to plunder their tents. In the
meantime Albinus' troops on the right wing, having concealed trenches
in front of them and pits covered over with earth on the surface,
advanced as far as these pitfalls and hurled their javelins at long
range; then, instead of continuing to go forward, they turned back,
as if frightened, with the purpose of drawing their foes in pursuit.
And this is exactly what happened. For Severus' men, nettled by their
brief charge and despising them for their flight after so short an
advance, rushed against them in the belief that the whole intervening
distance was passable; but on reaching the trenches, they met with a
terrible disaster. For the men in the front rank, as soon as the
surface-covering was broken through, fell into the excavations, and
those immediately behind them stumbled over them, slipped, and
likewise fell in; the rest drew back in terror, but their retreat was
so sudden that they not only lost their footing themselves, but also
upset those in the rear and drove them into a deep ravine. Great,
indeed, was the loss of life among both these and those who had
fallen into the trenches, as horses and men perished in wild
confusion. And in the midst of this disorder the men between the
ravine and the trenches were being annihilated by showers of missiles
and arrows. Severus, seeing this, came to their aid with the
Pretorians, but, far from helping them, he came very near destroying
the Pretorians, too, and found his own life imperilled when he lost
his horse. When he saw all his men in flight, he tore off his riding
cloak, and drawing his sword, rushed among the fugitives, hoping
either that they would be ashamed and turn back or that he might
himself perish with them. Some, indeed, did stop when they saw him in
this attitude, and turned back; and brought in this way face to face
with the men following them, they cut down not a few of them,
supposing them to be Albinus' men, and they routed all their
pursuers. At this juncture the cavalry under Laetus came up from one
side and completed their victory. Laetus, it appears, so long as the
struggle was close, had merely looked on, hoping that both leaders
would perish and that the soldiers who survived on either side would
give the supreme power to him; but when he saw that Severus' side was
prevailing, he also took a hand in the business. Thus Severus
conquered; but the Roman power suffered a severe blow, inasmuch as
countless numbers had fallen on both sides. Many even of the victors
deplored the disaster, for the entire plain was seen to be covered
with the bodies of men and horses; some of them lay there mutilated
by many wounds, as if hacked in pieces, and others, though unwounded,
were piled up in heaps, weapons were scattered about, and blood
flowed in streams, even pouring into the rivers. Albinus took refuge
in a house that stood beside the Rhone, but when he saw the whole
place surrounded, he slew himself." ~ Dio Cassius 86.6-7
Accounts differ on the battle's aftermath. Dio Cassius tells how
Albinus committed suicide. The Historia Augusta says that he was
still half alive when Albinus was brought before Severus. While
still in Gallia, Septimus began executing anyone of prominence who
had supported Albinus in hopes of a return to good government.
"Next, he gave orders that the bodies of the senators who had been
slain in the battle should be mutilated. And then, when Albinus' body
was brought before him, he had him beheaded while still half alive,
gave orders that his head should be taken to Rome, and followed up
the order with a letter. . . The rest of Albinus' body was, by
Severus' order, laid out in front of his own home, and kept there for
a long time exposed to view. Furthermore, Severus himself rode on
horseback over the body, and when the horse shied, he spoke to it and
loosed the reins, that it might trample boldly. Some add that he
ordered Albinus' body to be cast into the Rhone, and also the bodies
of his wife and children.
"Countless persons who had sided with Albinus were put to death,
among them numerous leading men and many distinguished women, and all
their goods were confiscated and went to swell the public treasury.
Many nobles of the Gauls and Spains were also put to death at this
time. Finally, he gave his soldiers sums of money such as no emperor
had ever given before. Yet as a result of these confiscations, he
left his sons a fortune greater than any other emperor had left to
his heirs, for he had made a large part of the gold in the Gauls,
Spains, and Italy imperial property." ~ Scriptores Historia Augusta,
Life of Septimus Severus 11.5-12.3
Dio Cassius was one of the Senators to survive, but it is clear where
his sympathies lay, and probably that of the rest of the Senate as
well. "He caused us (the Senate) special dismay by constantly styling
himself the son of Marcus (Aurelius) and the brother of Commodus."
The result of the battle made Septimus Severus the sole emperor for
the next fourteen years. Lugdunum was given over to the legions to
loot and burn. By June Severus had returned to Rome where his purge
of those who had supported Albinus next turned on the Senate itself.
Their properties were confiscated, twenty-nine senators were
executed, the Senate intimidated, and then while railing against the
Senate, Severus demanded that they deify Commodus. Later that same
year Severus was back in the eastern provinces while conducting a
limited war against the Parthians, Britannia, however, having been
stripped of legions by Albinus, proved to be the trouble spot for
Severus. First Virius Lupus was made governor (until about 202 CE),
restoring some control over the region south of Hadrian's Wall, but
the region further north he abandoned. The Wall of Hadrian could not
be rebuilt until some years later, c. 205 CE. Even that was not the
end of Severus' troubles in Britannia. On 4 Feb. 211 Septimius
Severus died near York while fighting against yet another uprising in
troublesome Britannia.
AUC 1109 / 356 CE: On this day Constantius II ordered the removal of
statues and the closing of the temples.
"Images, if any even now still stand in temples and shrines, which
have received or do receive any worship of pagans, shall be torn from
their foundationsÂ… Altars in all places shall be destroyed and all
temples within our holdings shall be dedicated to public use. The
proprietors shall be forced to destroy them." ~ Codex Theodosianus
16.10.19
Our thought for today comes from Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Natura
Deorum 2.57:
"Now Zeno gives this definition of nature: nature (he says) is a
craftsman like fire, proceeding methodically to the work of
generation. For he holds that the special function of an art or craft
is to create or generate, and that what in the processes of our arts
is done by the hand is done with far more skilful craftsmanship by
nature, that is, as I said, by that 'craftsman like' fire which is
the teacher of the other arts."
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