Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67723 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Digest Number 4586 - Some observations from the peanut gallery |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67724 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Welcome to Nova Roma fpasquinus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67725 |
From: Robert Levee |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67726 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: nova roma is syncretic |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67727 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67728 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Congratulations |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67729 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Colonia Nova Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67730 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Welcome to Nova Roma fpasquinus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67731 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Colonia Nova Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67732 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: nova roma is syncretic |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67733 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Protecting Our Votes and Future Elections |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67734 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Congratulations |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67735 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Welcome to Nova Roma fpasquinus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67736 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Welcome to Nova Roma fpasquinus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67737 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Colonia Nova Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67738 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Certain messages are not posting |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67739 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: NR Identity Reality or Fantasy Construct? (was: Re: nova roma is sy |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67740 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Intercessio - Timeframe for disagreement/agreement within 72 hou |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67741 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Intercessio - Agreement of Fl. Galerius Aurelianus Tribunus Pleb |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67742 |
From: n_apollonius_quadratus |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Digest Number 4586 - Some observations from the peanut gallery |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67743 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! - Too Late. Inte |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67744 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: NR Identity Reality or Fantasy Construct? (was: Re: nova roma is sy |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67745 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: [Fwd: Re: [Nova-Roma] Congratulations] |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67746 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Digest Number 4586 - Some observations from the peanut gallery |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67747 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: Congratulations |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67748 |
From: Patrick D. Owen |
Date: 2009-06-21 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67749 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Congratulations |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67750 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Certain messages are not posting |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67751 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Protecting Our Votes and Future Elections |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67752 |
From: Q. Valerius Poplicola |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Protecting Our Votes and Future Elections |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67753 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Digest Number 4586 - Some observations from the peanut gallery |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67754 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67755 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Certain messages are not posting |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67756 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67757 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: AW: [Nova-Roma] Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! T |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67758 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: AW: AW: [Nova-Roma] Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessi |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67759 |
From: Q. Valerius Poplicola |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67760 |
From: M.C.C. |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Intercessio - Timeframe for disagreement/agreement within 72 hou |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67761 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67762 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Intercessio - Timeframe for disagreement/agreement within 72 hou |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67763 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Intercessio - Timeframe for disagreement/agreement within 72 hou |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67764 |
From: Lucius Coruncanius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: question for the Magistrates and Senate |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67765 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67766 |
From: fpasquinus@ymail.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: To Sulla |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67767 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67768 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: question for the Magistrates and Senate |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67769 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: a. d. X Kalendas Quinctilias: Battles of Raphia and Pydna |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67770 |
From: (no author) |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: (no subject) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67771 |
From: C. Maria Caeca |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: question for the Magistrates and Senate |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67772 |
From: C. Curius Saturninus |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Weather service in Latin for mobile devices |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67773 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67774 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67775 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] NR Identity Reality or Fantasy Construct? (was: Re: |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67776 |
From: M.C.C. |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67777 |
From: M.C.C. |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Congratulations |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67778 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67779 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: The Government and The Law |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67780 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67781 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67782 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67783 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: AW: [Nova-Roma] The Government and The Law |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67784 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67785 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: The Government and The Law |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67786 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: AW: [Nova-Roma] Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67787 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67788 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Congratulations |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67789 |
From: M.C.C. |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67790 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Cato, Sulla & co want a dictator |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67791 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: The leaving of Fl.Aurelianus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67792 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67793 |
From: M.C.C. |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Congratulations |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67794 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: My Statement of Opposition to the Intercessio! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67795 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: If you can not win an election, let's have a dictator. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67796 |
From: Colin Brodd |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Cato, Sulla & co want a dictator |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67797 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Cato, Sulla & co want a dictator |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67798 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Senatus Consultum Ultimum NOW! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67799 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Cato, Sulla & co want a dictator |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67800 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67801 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67802 |
From: fpasquinus@ymail.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Without subject |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67803 |
From: fpasquinus@ymail.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Messages |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67804 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67805 |
From: Lyn Dowling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Senatus Consultum Ultimum NOW! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67806 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Messages |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67807 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Cato, Sulla & co want a dictator |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67808 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67809 |
From: fpasquinus@ymail.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67810 |
From: fpasquinus@ymail.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67811 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67812 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67813 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67814 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Messages |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67815 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: The leaving of Fl.Aurelianus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67816 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67817 |
From: D. Boyle |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: The Government and The Law |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67818 |
From: D. Boyle |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: The illusion |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67819 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] NR Identity Reality or Fantasy Construct? (was: Re: |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67820 |
From: D. Boyle |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67821 |
From: D. Boyle |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: An Election for Censor is over |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67822 |
From: D. Boyle |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Sulla Go Away! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67823 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67824 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67825 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67826 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: An Election for Censor is over |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67827 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67828 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: The illusion |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67829 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: AW: [Nova-Roma] Sulla who ? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67830 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67831 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Senatus Consultum Ultimum NOW! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67832 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Sulla who ? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67833 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: To Sulla |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67834 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: a. d. X Kalendas Quinctilias: Battles of Raphia and Pydna |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67835 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Senatus Consultum Ultimum NOW! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67836 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: AW: [Nova-Roma] Senatus Consultum Ultimum NOW! I do not see the need |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67837 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67838 |
From: livia_plauta |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: An Election for Censor is over |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67839 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: To Sulla |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67840 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67841 |
From: M.C.C. |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67842 |
From: fpasquinus@ymail.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67843 |
From: fpasquinus@ymail.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: To Sulla |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67844 |
From: fpasquinus@ymail.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67845 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: AW: [Nova-Roma] Re: Blockage of Censorial Tools |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67846 |
From: Clovius Ullerius Ursus |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Cato, Sulla & co want a dictator |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67847 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67848 |
From: aerdensrw |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Senatus Consultum Ultimum NOW! I do not see the need currently ! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67849 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67850 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67851 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67852 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67853 |
From: livia_plauta |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: New Acropolis Museum |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67854 |
From: Titus Flavius Aquila |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: AW: [Nova-Roma] Re: Senatus Consultum Ultimum NOW! I do not see the |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67855 |
From: livia_plauta |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Some questions now that I have peace of mind... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67856 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Messages |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67857 |
From: livia_plauta |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Roman Clothing [was ; Some questions now that I have peace o |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67858 |
From: livia_plauta |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Father's Day and [Nova-Roma] Nova Roman women |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67859 |
From: livia_plauta |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Hm, Roman stuff... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67860 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: To Mithra on Elections on behalf of People of Iran and Nova Roma |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67861 |
From: fpasquinus@ymail.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67862 |
From: fpasquinus@ymail.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67863 |
From: fpasquinus@ymail.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67864 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67865 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67866 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Hm, Roman stuff... |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67867 |
From: Lucius Coruncanius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67869 |
From: Lucius Coruncanius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: The illusion |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67870 |
From: C. Maria Caeca |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Floralia pictures, was: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: Some questions now that |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67871 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Floralia pictures, was: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: Some questions now that |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67872 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67873 |
From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Posting rules in this Forum, 6/22/2009, 11:45 pm |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67874 |
From: Lucius Coruncanius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67875 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Venator scripsit...at length. |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67876 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Messages |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67877 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Maior and Agricola - Wiki Help |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67878 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Maior and Agricola - Wiki Help |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67879 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Maior and Agricola - Wiki Help |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67880 |
From: C. Maria Caeca |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Floralia pictures, was: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: Some questions now t |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67881 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Floralia pictures, was: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: Some questions now that |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67882 |
From: C. Maria Caeca |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: question on a project of extreme interest to me |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67883 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: question on a project of extreme interest to me |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67884 |
From: C. Maria Caeca |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: question on a project of extreme interest to me |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67885 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: question on a project of extreme interest to me |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67886 |
From: C. Maria Caeca |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: question on a project of extreme interest to me |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67887 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: question on a project of extreme interest to me |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67888 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: question on a project of extreme interest to me |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67889 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: question on a project of extreme interest to me |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67890 |
From: C. Maria Caeca |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: question on a project of extreme interest to me |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67891 |
From: Steve Moore |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Pax? |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67892 |
From: C. Maria Caeca |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: question on a project of extreme interest to me |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67893 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Posted in the Senate House |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67894 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: EDICTVM CENSORIVM |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67895 |
From: deciusiunius |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Posted in the Senate House |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67896 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-06-22 |
Subject: Re: Posted in the Senate House |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67897 |
From: Vestinia, called Vesta |
Date: 2009-06-23 |
Subject: Re: New Acropolis Museum |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67898 |
From: M•IVL• SEVERVS |
Date: 2009-06-23 |
Subject: Re: Support for the Tribunes |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 67899 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2009-06-23 |
Subject: Re: New Acropolis Museum |
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Salve Maior,
The example of the flaminica, which you term as "sensitive updating", I see as simply cherry-picking imperial-era Roman religion. In and of itself I don't think that is necessarily problematic as long as we don't refer to the effort as reconstructing the Republican religio. I think a more honest description would be that we have the imperial religio sine imperial cult.
I think if most people have not expressed a problem with our time frame it is because they haven't put much thought into it. The fact that apparently only two people (me and Cato) noticed the contradiction between the wiki page time frame and the constitution, a conflict that has been on the website for 2 years, suggests to me no one is really thinking about it. This is different from no problem actually existing. At the very least, the wiki needs to be fixed and the preamble needs to be rewritten.
As for Christians, most Christians certainly are not syncretic, and by including them, NR is neither polytheistic nor unified, but rather a recon org that merely has a majority of polytheists in it (or does it? the census should answer that).
Christians aside, I wonder why we should want any sort of "unified" polytheistic culture anyway? The sort of syncretism you seem to espouse would speak against any sort of unity. Perhaps you should elaborate on exactly what you mean by it.
Vale,
Gualterus
--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Maior" <rory12001@...> wrote:
>
> Salve Gualtere;
> 1. most polytheists here don't have a problem with the time frame, as our focus is on polytheist institutions, cults, we dont talk among ourselves about Christianity at all. I think that's more a issue for a scholar than a practitioner.
>
> Christian members joined Nova Roma knowing it is a polytheistic org. It's on our main page. They can live here quite happily. I celebrate Saturnalia while everyone else is celebrating Christmas with no problem. But I am used to being a minority. I do think it is a cultural suprise for Christians not to control the culture and discourse, but the citizens here are thoughtful and sophisticated.
>
> 2. There is no 'pretending'. Politically and in our institutions we do try to imitate the republic, while sensitively updating.
>
> Let me give you an example to show the conflict that troubles you isn't one for us in practice. I applied to the Collegium Pontificum to be flaminica. Now there are [so far] no examples of single flaminica in the republic, there were married couples of flamen-flaminica and single flamens.
>
> I looked to the early Imperial period where Agrippina was flaminica to Divus Claudius and later on there are many examples of single flaminicae to cities and the Imperial family. I made a good case, backed by scholarship and was admitted. For our reconstruction the Imperial period is very helpful.
>
> Its perfectly easy for Christians to live with pagans in NR in a unified pagan culture. It may be impossible for non-syncretic Christians but that is an internal problem for the individual. I live and mix easily in the dominant Christian culture I live in, as a Jewish person, as a polytheist.
>
> As for Cato; I'm sure he read on our front page: Nova Roma'Dedicated to the restoration of classical Roman religion, culture and virtues' Nova Roma says nothing about perserving his identity based on making absolute judgements.
> He certainly has a problem here, but the rest don't. Cato has many cultural institutions to support his identity. Roman reconstructionists only have Nova Roma. Our needs take precendence.
>
> As for the Constitution, aagh a document. Considering the brouhahah recently, sometimes I think documents are a bad thing;-) I'm tending towards the organic British idea. Nova Roma's religio is developing organically. If you go to the religio list, you will 0 unpleasantness or problems.
> Gualtere, I've found there is a big divide between the scholar of religion and the practitioner. I remember my professor discussing all the theories concerning the 'meaning' of an esoteric ritual; performance, political, etc...... I told him; "I asked the 30 yr old priest what he intended in the goma ceremony, he answered' I bring down the deity Fudo-Myo and ask him for a benefit which he grants.'"
>
> My naive professor was shocked by such an answer, that a young man would believe in Fudo-myo and the power of the 'magical' ceremony. He studied Japanese Buddhism for years but really knew nothing about the reality of practice and what went on.
> optime vale
> Maior
>
>
>
> >
> > Salve Maior,
> >
> > I see the "schizophrenia" along two axes:
> >
> > 1) A desire at "polytheistic" self-definition by some while also embracing a time frame in which the polytheistic character of Rome was destroyed. A sub-issue is Christian membership: to what extent should we try at "polytheistic" or "pagan" self-definition while this obviously conflicts with the self-identity of Christian NR members?
> >
> > 2) A desire to adopt the syncretism of the religio during Imperial times while also pretending to be a reconstruction of the Republic. I personally agree that the religious environment of the Empire is more conducive to a modern reconstruction, however, this has nothing to do with the Republic. Our political framework and religious system move along completely different tracks. The combination of the two is a fantasy construction.
> >
> > I can think of two recent examples that highlight these issues. One was a call for a unified polytheistic culture, a call which is manifestly impossible with Christian members and the timeline being as it is in the preamble. Indeed, Christians aside, there was no type of religious unity in Imperial Rome. The second was chastising Cato for expressing an opinion in internal Christian terms (heresy vs orthodoxy). While this may have been distasteful to some, striking at him for expressing his opinions in this way strikes at Christian identity--at least orthodox (small 'o') Christian identity--since this identity depends on making certain absolute judgments about correct and incorrect faith.
> >
> > So, what do we do? I think an attempt to rewrite the preamble will create a good opportunity to raise these and other issues about NR identity, allowing us to grapple with the contradictions and, perhaps, resolve them. I will throw out two possible revisions of the preamble, both intentionally worded in a way that I think (hope) will get some more conversation going. :)
> >
> >
> > (1)
> > "We, the Senate and People of Nova Roma, as a spiritual Nation, herewith set forth this Constitution as the foundation and structure of our governing institutions and common society. As a nation, Nova Roma shall be the temporal homeland and worldly focus for the Religio Romana. The primary function of Nova Roma shall be to promote the study and practice of Republican Roman civilization, defined as the period from the founding of the City of Rome in 753 BCE to the granting of the title of Augustus to Octavian in 27 BCE and encompassing such fields as religion, culture, politics, art, literature, language, and philosophy.
> >
> > As the spiritual heir to the ancient Roman Republic, Nova Roma shall endeavor to exist, in all manners practical and acceptable, as its modern restoration."
> >
> > (2)
> > "We, the Senate and People of Nova Roma, as a spiritual Nation, herewith set forth this Constitution as the foundation and structure of our governing institutions and common society. We hereby declare our Nation to stand as a beacon for those who would recreate the best of ancient Rome. As a nation, Nova Roma shall be the temporal homeland and worldly focus for not only the Religio Romana but all religions that fall within the scope of our allotted timeline, defined as the period from the founding of the City of Rome in 753 BCE to the removal of the altar of Victory from the Senate in 394 CE. The primary function of Nova Roma shall be to promote the study of Roman civilization encompassing such fields as religion, culture, politics, art, literature, language, and philosophy."
> >
> > Vale,
> >
> > Gualterus
> >
> > --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "Maior" <rory12001@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Salvete Agricola Gualtereque;
> > > this topic is of deep interest to me; language and culture.Though not as articulate as Agricola, let me give you some examples drawn from life;
> > > The Old Testament
> > > Now what does that term conjure up? Something outdated, unecessary, superseded. Jewish people for hundreds of years had to put up with that term,
> > > until recently when scholars turned to the more neutral term
> > > Hebrew Scriptures.
> > > It may not be perfect but at least there aren't majoritarian imposed notions of obsolescence.
> > >
> > > Now for another term:
> > > rigid orthopraxy
> > > following the 'letter of the law' with the additional idea of that such behavior is devoid of interior belief or content.
> > >
> > > Try: ritual master
> > >
> > > I assisted as an initiate Tendai priestess in goma (homa) rituals. These are complex esoteric rituals, that involve, hand gestures (mudras), words(mantras) and complex visualizations. The goma ritual is over 1,000 old and the priest who performs it has a little book in front of him with the appropriate mudras, mantras, altar gestures, [picking up several items, like incense burners, or dorjes, and gesturing with them in specific ways).
> > >
> > > Never, did I hear anyone use the term 'orthopractic' nor did I ever read or hear such a term in my graduate seminar on buddhism at Duke. But ritual is very important and Tendai Ajari are termed in English 'ritual masters.'
> > >
> > > Religious minorities live perfectly easily as subcultures in majority cultures. Jews and Chinese polytheists have their own holidays, calendars, religious names, ritual foods, magazines etc...and not only surivive but also excell. There is no 'schizophrenia' involved. I've grown up this way and so have my Chinese friends. I don't think people who grow up in a dominant culture, have any idea how easy it is to ignore.
> > >
> > > It takes some effort to choose a word, but letting Nova Roma define itself as an open Roman polytheistic culture can be done, without importing loaded terminology. Additionally we don't have to take on viewpoints that are foreign to us. It doesn't matter if they are 'dominant' or 'mainstream'.
> > >
> > >
> > > We can define ourselves and we should.
> > > bene valete in pacem deorum
> > > M. Hortensia Maior
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > > Salve Agricola,
> > > >
> > > > While I can sympathize with the desire that "we have opposition to the notion that the Christian rhetoric, or any specific rhetoric, is the only correct view", the problem lies in the notion of orthodox self-definition. For orthodox (small 'o') Christian identity, having the claim to the correct view is essential. To force them to express themselves otherwise does violence to their own religious identity. Moreover, to chastise them for this (as I have seen some do) in an organization that embraces the first four centuries of Christian history is inconsistent at best and speaks to the deep structural issues that we have.
> > > >
> > > > As for orthodoxy/orthopraxy, I agree that it may not always be the best way of understanding, but virtually everything we say about ancient Rome is through some type of modern construct. So long as we use them judiciously and also offer some flexibility in understanding when others employ them, I think orthopraxy/orthodoxy can be a useful pair of abstractions. I think one way in doing this is if someone disagrees with their employment in a particular context, the responder can employ a rewording reflecting what the original post may have intended, adding to it what are seen as the proper nuances. In other words, one should move the discussion to what is seen as the proper level of abstraction instead of jumping off the boat when someone enters a discussion at a different level than what someone else may have desired or expected. I think this sort of conciliatory approach is especially important when terms/constructs are employed that are still current in scholarship.
> > > >
> > > > Vale,
> > > >
> > > > Gualterus
> > > >
> > > > --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "M. Lucretius Agricola" <marcus.lucretius@> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Agricola Graeco sal,
> > > > >
> > > > > --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "gualterus_graecus" <waltms1@> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I know this is an old topic, however, its ghost still haunts us left and right as seen in the various comments about the Republic, syncretism, opposition to Christian rhetoric while also pretending to being inclusive and it demands some deep structural adjustments within NR.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Valete,
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Gualterus
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > I have just a moment to dip in...
> > > > >
> > > > > I don't think we have "opposition to Christian rhetoric" as much as we have opposition to the notion that the Christian rhetoric, or any specific rhetoric, is the only correct view. We should welcome not only polytheism, but multiculturalism and a variety of viewpoints, and a more sophisticated methodology.
> > > > >
> > > > > To take the specific example at hand, the "praxy/doxy" axis is one way of understanding, but not the only one and it may not be the best one for all parties. Any axis of this sort is a mental construction, and as such it may encode certain biases. It is perfectly acceptable, I think, for members of specific community to claim that such axes do not capture the realities that they see and experience. Just because from one viewpoint a set of behaviors can be made to fit within a construct does not mean that the construct is either real or has exclusive validity.
> > > > >
> > > > > Not to put too fine a point on it, this means that we have to distinguish between people expressing an opinion on terms and people insisting that every else agree to use those terms.
> > > > >
> > > > > Also, I am in complete agreement with your assessment regarding the use of the polar pairs, that in reality the extremes are seldom if ever populated. The use of the ends of an axis as exclusive polar opposites is one of the problems with framing discussion in these terms. As a methodology these axes have some use as a starting point, but in the end they may be more limiting than useful.
> > > > >
> > > > > Finally, I think that this sort of discussion is essential to your point about "deep structural adjustments". In my view we have to move not to a different position, but to a more sophisticated view of the positions we have.
> > > > >
> > > > > Thank you for an interesting discussion.
> > > > >
> > > >
> > >
> >
>
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M. Moravius Piscinus cultoribus Deorum et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Di vos servavissent semper.
Hodie est ante diem X Kalendas Quinctilias; haec dies comitialis est:
AUC 536 / 217 BCE: Battle of Raphia
On the day following Rome's defeat at Lake Transimene perhaps the largest battle in ancient history was fought at Raphia. Our main
source on the battle is Polybius (5.63-65; 5.79-86). This was the deciding battle of the Fourth Syrian War between the Seleucids under
Anthiocus III and an Egyptian army under Ptolemy IV. Anthiochus had been marching through the Levant seizing one Ptolemaic stronghold after another. Ptolemy bided his time for nearly two years as he raised an army to meet the Seleucids. Polybius places the Ptolemaic army at 50,000 infantry composed of 8,000 Greek mercenaries, 25,000 phalangites, 6,000 Gauls and Thracians, 3,000 Cretans, 3,000 Libyan pikemen, 3,000 royal guards, and some 2,000 lightly armed peltists. Another 20,000 Egyptians had been trained by Sosibius in the heavy infantry tactics of the Greek hoplites. Ptolemy also brought 5,000 cavalry and 73 elephants. Antiochus III had an army of 62,000 infantry, 6,000 cavalry, and 102 Indian elephants. His infantry included 20,000 regular phalangites and 10,000 argyraspides armed with the longer, two-handed pike (sarissa). In addition there were 5,000 Greek mercenaries, 2,500 Cretans, 1,000 Thracians, and 23,500 Asiatics of different composition and readiness.
As Ptolemy began to move his army out of Egypt, Antiochus rushed towards Gaza. Bound by the desert to his left, and by coastal sand
dunes on his right, Anthiochus was channelled through a broad flat plane 5.6 km wide. The armies then met one another just south of
Raphia, and then they camped for five days within 900 meters of each other before forming battle lines. The battle began with each army advancing their cavalry on their respective right wings. Anthiochus led his cavalry in a charge that swept Ptolemy's left wing from the battlefield. Then in his eagerness, Antiochus continued in pursuit while the real battle had not yet begun. On the Egyptian right Ptolemy likewise led a cavalry charge that initially had some success. But when checked, Ptolemy extracted his cavalry in order to cover his flanks. The main engagement came with the phalanxes at the center. Ptolemy's phalanxes outnumbered those of the Syrian
phalanxes, and apparently they were better trained as well. The Syrian phalangites bolted after the first charge, and they were soon
followed by what were suppose to be Antiochus' elite infantry. These were the Silver Shields that had evolved from Philip of Macedonia's guard infantry (hypsaspists). With Antiochus away from the center of fighting, and his phalanxes defeated at the center, his army collapsed. In the engagements on the flanks Ptolemy lost 700 cavalry to Antiochus' loss of only 300. But in the center Antiochus lost 14,000 infantry, killed, wounded, or captured. Ptolemy's infantry suffered only 1,500 men lost. Antiochus returned to his capital and a truce was agreed upon. In the war Antiochus regained Antioch on the Orontes, which had been lost to the Ptolemies during the Third Syrian War. Ptolemy IV regained Coele-Syria or what is today Palestine, Israel, and Lebanon.
AUC 585 / 168 CE: L. Aemilius Paulus brings the Third Macedonian War to an end with his defeat of Perseus at the Battle of Pydna,
"Against the intention of both commanders Fortune, who overrides the plans of men, brought about a conflict. There was a river, not a
large one, near the enemy's camp from which both the Romans and the Macedonians drew their water, protected by detachments stationed on either bank. On the Roman side were two cohorts, Marrucinians and Paelignians, and two squadrons of Samnite horse under the command of M. Sergius Silus. Another body was stationed in front of the camp under C. Cluvius; these consisted of Firman, Vestinian and Cremensian troops, and two squadrons of cavalry from Placentia and Aeserna. Whilst all was quiet at the river, neither side offering any provocation, a mule broke loose about three o'clock in the afternoon from the men in charge and escaped to the opposite bank. Three soldiers went after it through the water, which was up to their knees. Two Thracians were dragging the beast out of the river back to their own bank, when they were followed by some Romans, who killed one of them, recaptured the mule, and went back to their posts. There were 800 Thracians guarding the enemy's bank. A few of these, enraged at seeing a comrade killed before their eyes, ran across the river in pursuit of those who slew him; then more joined in and at last the whole force, and fought with the Roman guards on the bank . . . [Perseus then brought forward his entire phalanx formation, according to Plutarch, and Aemilius brought the Roman battle line to meet the Macedonians.]
"The Consul led the first legion into battle. His men were deeply impressed by reverence for his authority, the reputation he had
acquired, and, above all, his age, for though more than sixty years old, he took upon himself to a large extent the duties and dangers
which are usually the lot of younger men. The interval between the "caetrati" and the divisions of the phalanx was filled up by the
legion, and thus the enemy's line was interrupted. The "caetrati" were in their rear; the legion were fronting the shieldmen of the
phalanx, who were known as the "chalcaspides." L. Albinus, an ex-consul, was ordered to lead the second legion against the phalanx
of "leucaspides"; these formed the centre of the enemy's line. On the Roman right, where the battle had begun, close to the river, he
brought up the elephants and the cohorts of allied troops. It was here that the Macedonians first gave ground. For just as most new
devices amongst men seem valuable as far as words go, but when they are put to a practical test and have to be acted upon they fail to
produce results, so it was with the elephants; those of the Macedonians were of no use whatever. The contingents of the Latin allies followed up the charge of the elephants and repulsed the left wing. The second legion which had been sent against the centre broke
up the phalanx. The most probable explanation of the victory is that several separate engagements were going on all over the field, which first shook the phalanx out of its formation and then broke it up. As long as it was compact, its front bristling with levelled spears, its strength was irresistible. If by attacking them at various points you compel them to bring round their spears, which owing to their length and weight are cumbersome and unwieldy, they become a confused and involved mass, but if any sudden and tumultuous attack is made on their flank or rear, they go to pieces like a falling house. In this way they were forced to meet the repeated charges of small bodies of Roman troops with their front dislocated in many places, and wherever there were gaps the Romans worked their way amongst their ranks. If the whole line had made a general charge against the phalanx while still unbroken, as the Paeligni did at the beginning of the action against the "caetrati," they would have spitted themselves upon their spears and have been powerless against their massed attack.
"The infantry were being slaughtered all over the field; only those who threw away their arms were able to make good their escape. The cavalry, on the other hand, quitted the field with hardly any loss, the king himself being the first to flee. He was already on his way to Pella with his "sacred" cavalry, and Cotys and the Odrysaeans were following at his heels. The rest of the Macedonian horse also got away with their ranks unbroken, because the infantry were between them and the enemy, and the latter were so fully occupied in massacring the infantry that they forgot to pursue the cavalry. For a long time the slaughter of the phalanx went on in front, flank and rear. At last those who had escaped out of the hands of the enemy threw away their arms and fled to the shore; some even went into the water and, stretching out their hands in supplication to the men in the fleet, implored them to save their lives. When they saw boats from all the ships rowing to the place where they were they thought that they were coming to take them up as prisoners rather than slay them, and they waded further into the water, some even swimming. But when they found that they were being killed by the men in the boats, those who could swim back to land met with a more wretched fate, for the elephants, forced by their drivers to the water's edge, trampled on them and crushed them to death as they came out. It is universally admitted that never had so many Macedonians been killed by the Romans in a single battle. As many as 20,000 men perished; 6000 who had fled to Pydna fell into the enemy's hands, and 5000 were made prisoners in their flight. Of the victors not more than 100 fell, and of these the majority were Paelignians; the wounded were much more numerous. If the battle had begun earlier and there had been sufficient daylight for the victors to continue the pursuit, the whole force would have been wiped out. As it was, the approach of night shielded the fugitives and made the Romans wary of following them over unknown country." ~ Titus Livius 44.40-42
AUC 862/ 109 CE: Opening of the Baths of Trajan.
The Thermae Traiani was built by architect Apollodorus for Emperor Traianus and were initially used exclusively by women. It was located immediately to the northeast of the Thermae Titi. The entrance was from the north façade, where the entrance for the Thermae Titi, for men, was on its south side. In order, from north to south, were arranged the frigidarium, central hall, tepidarium, and caldarium in the central portion of the building. On the east, south, and western sides reading rooms and a gymnasium were held within the peribolus, and exedra were placed at the corners.
Our thought for today is from Sextus 53:
"Treat all men in such a way, as if, after God, you are the common curator of all things."
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