Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68860 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: (no subject) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68861 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68862 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68863 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68864 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68865 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68866 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Kal. Sext. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68867 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Kalendae Sextiliae: Spes, Victoria, Claudius and Pertinex |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68868 |
From: Kveldulf@aol.com |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Digest Number 4660 - editorial comment on the telekinesis "discu |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68869 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Evil and Divine Power/ wasRe: [Nova-Roma] Re: Cato: Why its IOM and |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68870 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Digest Number 4660 - editorial comment on the telekinesis "discu |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68871 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68872 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68873 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68875 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68876 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68877 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68878 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68879 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Digest Number 4660 - editorial comment on the telekinesis "discu |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68880 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68881 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68882 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Digest Number 4660 - editorial comment on the telekinesis "discu |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68883 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68884 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68885 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68886 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Digest Number 4660 - editorial comment on the telekinesis "discu |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68887 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68888 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: NR Wiki Idea |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68889 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68890 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68891 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: NR Wiki Idea |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68892 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68893 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Decretum Auguris deiusiurandis et votis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68894 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: REMINDER to all SACERDOTES |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68895 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68896 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68897 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68898 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68899 |
From: livia_plauta |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68900 |
From: livia_plauta |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68901 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68902 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68903 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68904 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-01 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68905 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Cato: Why its IOM and not IOO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68906 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68907 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Digest Number 4660 - editorial comment on the telekinesis "discu |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68909 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68910 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: REMINDER to all SACERDOTES |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68911 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68912 |
From: Steve Moore |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: The Battle of Cannae |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68913 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68914 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] NR Wiki Idea |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68915 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Latin |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68916 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68917 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68918 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68919 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68920 |
From: iulius sabinus |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: NR Wiki Idea |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68921 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: a. d. IV Nonas Sextilias: Battles of Zela and Cannae |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68922 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68923 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Digest Number 4660 - editorial comment on the telekinesis "discu |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68924 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68925 |
From: a_apollonius_cordus |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Change of e-mail address |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68926 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68927 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68928 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Digest Number 4660 - editorial comment on the telekinesis "discu |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68929 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68930 |
From: deciusiunius |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68931 |
From: dellingr2001 |
Date: 2009-08-02 |
Subject: Re: OT: Tele... vs Psycho..., and other thoughts. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68932 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: a. d. III Nonas Sextilias: Sacrum Canarium |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68933 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68934 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: (no subject) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68935 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68936 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68937 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68938 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68939 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: The lost city of the Veneti found |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68940 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68941 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68942 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68943 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68944 |
From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Posting rules in this Forum, 8/3/2009, 11:45 pm |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68945 |
From: Diana Aventina |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68946 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68947 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68948 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68949 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68950 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68951 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68952 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68953 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68954 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68955 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68956 |
From: gurupoetess |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68957 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68958 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68959 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68960 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68961 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68962 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68963 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68964 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68965 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68966 |
From: Jennifer Harris |
Date: 2009-08-03 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68967 |
From: Quintus Caecilius Metellus |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68968 |
From: L Julia Aquila |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Time Out! Sex In Pompeii on the History Channel - New tonight |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68969 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68970 |
From: Quintus Caecilius Metellus |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68971 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68972 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68973 |
From: Jennifer Harris |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68974 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Pridie Nonas Sextilias: Marcellus Claudius vs Hannibal |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68975 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68976 |
From: Jennifer Harris |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68977 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: The BA and the BS about our lists. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68978 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68979 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: The BA and the BS about our lists. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68980 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: The BA and the BS about our lists. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68981 |
From: Jennifer Harris |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: The BA and the BS about our lists. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68982 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: The BA and the BS about our lists. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68984 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: The BA and the BS about our lists. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68985 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Washington not Rome? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68986 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Washington not Rome? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68987 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Washington not Rome? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68988 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68989 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68990 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68991 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68992 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: The BA and the BS about our lists. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68993 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68994 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68995 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68996 |
From: Maior |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68997 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68998 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 68999 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69000 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Cato the Elder Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69001 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69002 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Latin Phrase of the day. |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69003 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69004 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69005 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69006 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69007 |
From: David Kling |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69008 |
From: Robert Woolwine |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Washington not Rome? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69009 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69010 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69011 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69012 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69013 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69014 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69015 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Magic, Self Knowledge and Philosophy |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69016 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69017 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69018 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69019 |
From: A. Sempronius Regulus |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Humor Just When You Thought NR Was Bad |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69020 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69021 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2009-08-04 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69022 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69023 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69024 |
From: lathyrus77 |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69025 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69026 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Lingua Latina vivens |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69027 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Lingua Latina vivens |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69028 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Latinitas viva |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69029 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Re: Latinitas viva |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69030 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] Re: Latinitas viva |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69031 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] Lingua Latina vivens |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69032 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: NONAE SEXTILIAE: Salus; Second Battle of Nola |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69033 |
From: Gaius Equitius Cato |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69034 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Ritual for Juno Covella |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69035 |
From: PADRUIGTHEUNCLE@aol.com |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Re: Back Alley, NR Politics, and Me |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69036 |
From: Vaughn |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Re: Washington not Rome? |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69037 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Re: Lingua Latina vivens |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 69038 |
From: Jesse Corradino |
Date: 2009-08-05 |
Subject: Re: R: [Nova-Roma] Lingua Latina vivens |
|
Ex domo Auguris
M. Moravius Horatianus Pontifex Maximus et Magister Collegii Augurum Consulibus, Praetoribus, et Tribunibus Plebis Senatoribus et Senatricibus, Patribus Mátribusque ConscriptÃs, viris clarissimis et castissimae mulieribus, cultoribus Deorum, Quiritibus et omnibus: salutem plurimam dicit:
Decretum Auguris de iusiurandis et votis
Quaesivisti: May a Tribunus Plebis be released from his or her oath of office?
RESPONDEO: Yes, a Tribunus Plebis, or any other magistrate, may release himself or herself from the Oath of Office used in Nova Roma, without violating any religious prescriptions, by resigning the office as may be provided in leges of Nova Roma.
Having reviewed what portions of the Libri Pontifici as are available and the commentaries on the Libri Augurom, and then reviewed the official Oath of Office currently used in Nova Roma by the Tribuni Plebis, and by all magistrates of Nova Roma, I find that this official Oath of Office is not, in a true sense, an oath at all. At a minimum an oath has to invoke one or more certain Gods and/or Goddesses to act as testes to the oath and thus be invoked as guarantors of the oath. Without invoking any Gods and/or Goddesses, there are no religious conditions placed on the oath, and therefore no religious prescriptions are present to violate by ending the oath unilaterally (i. e. by resigning).
A simple example would thus include a phrase similar to:
"By the Gods I swear it as you ask." ~ T. Maccius Plautus, Amphitryon 23
From the same source, a more proper oath to swear would take the form:
"By the Highest Gods ruling in the heavens, by Juno, too, she whom most of all I fear and venerate, I swear." ~ T. Maccius Plautus, Amphitryon 831-832
Or even moreso, from Plautus:
"By Jupiter and all the Gods and Goddesses, Juno and Ceres, Minerva, Latona, Spes, and Ops, Virtus, Venus, Castor and Pollux, Mars, Mercurius, Hercules, Summanus, Sol and Saturnus, I swear." ~ T. Maccius Plautus, Bacchides 892-894
An oath is similar to a vow and thus forms a kind of contract with the Gods invoked as testes to the oath. A good example of a Roman vow, taken after the form found with Plautus, Rudens 1338-1349, is then:
"God/Goddess, I call on you to witness that if... then I - I speak, God/Goddess, that you may hear - I will give... And if I do anything to violate this, I pray that I shall suffer misfortune."
"(Deus/Dea) testem te testor mihi, si..., tum ego, dico, (Deus/Dea), ut tu audias... dato. Illaec advorsum si quid pecasso, (Deus/Dea), veneror te ut miser(us/a ego esse)."
In a vow, rather than a 'do ut das' formula, the formula used is 'si ages, dabo'. An oath is somewhat different initially in that the oath-taker promises to do something – tell the truth, perform the duties of office, repay a loan – and only if he fails to abide with the oath would the Gods then be called to bring down punishment for this breach of promise. However, for an oath to be properly made a sacrifice must be offered, and thereby does an oath become as a vow of the `do ut das' formula. That is, the oath-taker offers a sacrifice (I give) to bind his oath, with the understanding that if he breaks his oath that the Gods will in turn (ut das) bring misfortune on him.
Another example of a Roman oath is that made by Aeneas:
"By these same deities I, Aeneas, swear, by the Earth and the Sea, by the stars and Latona's twin children, and dual-faced Janus, and the powers of the gods below, and the harsh shrines of Father Dis. May the Great Father hear my vow, He that sanctions alliances with His thunderbolt. I touch the altars, and by the fires and by the divine powers who I have called to witness, I so swear, that never shall I breach this alliance or the peace of Italy, no matter what or how things happen, nothing shall divert my will (to keep my vow), not even if waves would cover the earth, plunging all into deluge, and the Heavens fell into deepest Tartarus. (By this vow I swear to be bound), even as this scepter, (the scepter that he now held up in his right hand), shall never bud new foliage, or branch out to lend shade, once it was cut deep in the forest, seized from its mother tree, its leaves and branches now encased in steel; once a tree, now an artifact turned by hand, decorated with bronze, and given to the Latin fathers to bear." ~ P Vergilius Maro, Aeneid 12.197-211
Here Aeneas has invoked certain celestial, terrestrial, and infernal Gods, named and unamed, to act as testes specificly as guarantors of his vow. But in the oath of office used by Nova Roma magistrates, Jupiter, who is the very God of sacred oaths, is not invoked as testis to what is an instrument of the State. Janus, who sees all things, beginning and end, is not called as testis to the period of time, and indeed no period of time is specified for the term of the oath. Neither Tibernus nor any genius of the rivers are invoked to define an augural space, nor indeed any of the terrestrial divi and semidivi, or even Terra Mater; not a single Fortuna, Tyche, or Tutala of any city is called to witness the oath; no Gods of the seas or oceans, neither mighty Neptunus nor nymph. Neglected, too, are the sun and moon and stars with whom the fate of our own planet is intertwined. Dis Pater and His maiden mistress, the Maiores, noster Lares, and the Manes alike, join with the other Di Populi Romani in not being mentioned. The oath does say "in the presence of the Gods and Goddesses of the Roman people," but at no point were They actually called upon as testes to this oath of office.
Let us look at an oath sworn by Scipio when, at nineteen, he was a survivor and fugitive from the Battle of Cannae:
"I swear with a deep conviction of mind that I shall never allow myself to desert the Republic of the people of Rome. If I should willfully break my oath, may Jupiter Optimus Maximus inflict upon me the worst, most shameful ruin, and on my house, my family, and all I possess." ~ Livy 22.53.10-12
Clearly Jupiter has been invoked here as testis and the Guarantor of the oath.
In stark contrast to a Roman vow are the Galilean's words:
"Again, you have heard that the ancients were told, 'Thou shalt not swear false oaths, but fulfil thy oaths to the Lord.' But I say to you not to swear at all: neither by heaven, for it is the throne of God; nor by the earth, for it is the footstool of God; nor by Jerusalem for it is the city of the King. Neither do thou swear by thy head, for thou canst not make a single hair turn white or black. But let your speech be, 'Yes, yes;' or 'No, no;' and whatever is beyond these comes from the evil one." ~ Matt. 5:33-37
In preaching to his followers what they ought not to swear by, the Galillean offers negative evidence of what constitutes a Roman oath. A Roman oath must:
1. Invoke specified Gods and Goddesses, preferably of celestial, terrestrial, and infernal realms, as testes to the oath. The deities invoked by the oath-taker must be Gods and/or Goddesses for whom the oath-taker regularly performs cultus; otherwise the oath is a false oath. Better to have a Muslim swear by Allah, or a Galillean by Jesus, than to allow them to swear a false oath that dishonors the Gods of our ancestors, or allow them to break faith with their own Gods. And likewise for any others who follow different religious traditions.
2. Sacrifice must be offered, with the oath-taker placing his or her hand on the altar as the oath is spoken allowed beteen the initial offerings and completion of the sacrifice. Only then is a sacred bond created between the oath-taker and the Gods Who were invoked as testes to the oath.
3. The terms of the contractual relationship must be given in the oath, including the period of time over which the oath is to be valid. The final term should have the oath-taker, as seen in the above examples, call upon the Gods Who are testes to the the oath to inflict "the worst, most shameful ruin, on me and on my house, my family, and all I possess," or with similar words to that effect, if he or she should happen to break the oath before completing the terms set in the oath.
If we examine the Nova Roma oath of office below, it seems quite clear that it is an oath of office more after an example of what the Galilean had said than what would be proper in a Roman oath.
__________________
I, __________, do solemnly swear to uphold the honour of Nova Roma and to act always in the best interests of the People and Senate of Nova Roma.
As Consul of Nova Roma, I , __________, swear to honour the Gods and Goddesses of Rome in my public dealings and to pursue the Roman Virtues in my public and private life.
I, __________, swear to uphold and defend the Religio Romana as the State Religion of Nova Roma and swear never to act in a way that would threaten its status as the State Religion.
I, __________, swear to protect and defend the constitution of Nova Roma.
I, __________, further swear to fulfill the obligations and responsibilities of the office of Consul to the best of my abilities.
On my honour as a citizen of Nova Roma and in the presence of the Gods and Goddesses of the Roman people and by Their will and favor, do I accept the office of Consul and all the rights, privileges, obligations and responsibilities attendant thereto.
_____________________
Furthermore, no altar was touched, nor any other thing which might be taken to connect the oath-taker to the Gods. Even Christians will touch a Bible when they swear an oath. And even with Muslims, no oath is considered given without offering a sacrifice to the God or Gods invoked.
Without invoking any Gods, without offering any kind of sacrifice, what magistrates of Nova Roma use as an oath of office cannot be considered a sacred oath. No religious offense is therefore committed when a magistrate resigns from office.
The Nova Roma Oath of Office instead has the key-wording, "On my honour as a citizen of Nova Roma." A person swears by his honor, and by nothing else. Circumstances can arise whereby the honorable thing to do is to resign from office and thereby nullify what had been offered as a perfunctuary oath of office. It should not be held against anyone or against anyone's honor when a good reason is provided to justify a resignation. On the other hand if a magistrate would resign from office without good reason, then the harm is to his or her personal honor, as that alone is what he or she had vowed by.
ERGO: In the specific matter of Tribunus Plebis Flavius Galerius Aurelianus, he is released from his Oath of Office, without any violation of religious obligations, as no properly Roman Oath of Office was spoken. And, further, upon reviewing the Tribunus' promise of December 2761, also given on his honor, I see little alternative from his keeping that promise by resigning from office. Therefore, let no one hold it against Flavius Galerius Aurelianus or against his honor if, his obligations now completed, he should decide to resign from his office as Tribunus Plebis.
|
|
M. Moravius Piscinus cultoribus Deorum et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Di vos inculumes custodiant
Hodie est ante diem IV Nonas Sextilias; haec dies fastus aterque est: feriae quod eo die Caius Caesar Cai filius in Hispania citeriore et quod in Ponto eod die regem Pharnacem dicivit.
AUC 706 / 47 BCE: Battle of Zela
After his victory at Alexandria, Julius Caesar moved through Syria, Cilicia and Cappadocia to arrive in Pontine territory. In a lightning quick five day campaign, Julius Caesar overcame Pharnaces II of Pontus, son of Mithridates VI. In a letter written to Amantius he described this brief campaign in the now famous Veni, Vidi, Vici.
AUC 539 / 216 BCE: Battle of Cannae
"As soon as it grew light Hannibal sent forward the Balearics and the other light infantry. He then crossed the river in person and as each division was brought across he assigned it its place in the line. The Gaulish and Spanish horse he posted near the bank on the left wing in front of the Roman cavalry; the right wing was assigned to the Numidian troopers. The centre consisted of a strong force of infantry, the Gauls and Spaniards in the middle, the Africans at either end of them. You might fancy that the Africans were for the most part a body of Romans from the way they were armed, they were so completely equipped with the arms, some of which they had taken at the Trebia, but the most part at Trasumennus. The Gauls and Spaniards had shields almost of the same shape their swords were totally different, those of the Gauls being very long and without a point, the Spaniard, accustomed to thrust more than to cut, had a short handy sword, pointed like a dagger. These nations, more than any other, inspired terror by the vastness of their stature and their frightful appearance: the Gauls were naked above the waist, the Spaniards had taken up their position wearing white tunics embroidered with purple, of dazzling brilliancy. The total number of infantry in the field was 40,000, and there were 10,000 cavalry. Hasdrubal was in command of the left wing, Maharbal of the right; Hannibal himself with his brother Mago commanded the centre. It was a great convenience to both armies that the sun shone obliquely on them, whether it was that they had purposely so placed themselves, or whether it happened by accident, since the Romans faced the north, the Carthaginans the South. The wind, called by the inhabitants the Vulturnus, was against the Romans, and blew great clouds of dust into their faces, making it impossible for them to see in front of them.
"When the battle shout was raised the auxiliaries ran forward, and the battle began with the light infantry. Then the Gauls and Spaniards on the left engaged the Roman cavalry on the right; the battle was not at all like a cavalry fight, for there was no room for maneuvering, the river on the one side and the infantry on the other hemming them in, compelled them to fight face to face. Each side tried to force their way straight forward, till at last the horses were standing in a closely pressed mass, and the riders seized their opponents and tried to drag them from their horses. It had become mainly a struggle of infantry, fierce but short, and the Roman cavalry was repulsed and fled. Just as this battle of the cavalry was finished, the infantry became engaged, and as long as the Gauls and Spaniards kept their ranks unbroken, both sides were equally matched in strength and courage. At length after long and repeated efforts the Romans closed up their ranks, echeloned their front, and by the sheer weight of their deep column bore down the division of the enemy which was stationed in front of Hannibal's line, and was too thin and weak to resist the pressure. Without a moment's pause they followed up their broken and hastily retreating foe till they took to headlong flight. Cutting their way through the mass of fugitives, who offered no resistance, they penetrated as far as the Africans who were stationed on both wings, somewhat further back than the Gauls and Spaniards who had formed the advanced centre. As the latter fell back the whole front became level, and as they continued to give ground it became concave and crescent-shaped, the Africans at either end forming the horns. As the Romans rushed on incautiously between them, they were enfiladed by the two wings, which extended and closed round them in the rear. On this, the Romans, who had fought one battle to no purpose, left the Gauls and Spaniards, whose rear they had been slaughtering, and commenced a fresh struggle with the Africans. The contest was a very one-sided one, for not only were they hemmed in on all sides, but wearied with the previous fighting they were meeting fresh and vigorous opponents.
"By this time the Roman left wing, where the allied cavalry were fronting the Numidians, had become engaged, but the fighting was slack at first owing to a Carthaginian stratagem. About 500 Numidians, carrying, besides their usual arms and missiles, swords concealed under their coats of mail, rode out from their own line with their shields slung behind their backs as though they were deserters, and suddenly leaped from their horses and flung their shields and javelins at the feet of their enemy. They were received into their ranks, conducted to the rear, and ordered to remain quiet. While the battle was spreading to the various parts of the field they remained quiet, but when the eyes and minds of all were wholly taken up with the fighting they seized the large Roman shields which were lying everywhere amongst the heaps of slain and commenced a furious attack upon the rear of the Roman line. Slashing away at backs and hips, they made a great slaughter and a still greater panic and confusion. Amidst the rout and panic in one part of the field and the obstinate but hopeless struggle in the other, Hasdrubal, who was in command of that arm, withdrew some Numidians from the centre of the right wing, where the fighting was feebly kept up, and sent them m pursuit of the fugitives, and at the same time sent the Spanish and Gaulish horse to the aid of the Africans, who were by this time more wearied by slaughter than by fighting.
"Paulus was on the other side of the field. In spite of his having been seriously wounded at the commencement of the action by a bullet from a sling, he frequently encountered Hannibal with a compact body of troops, and in several places restored the battle. The Roman cavalry formed a bodyguard round him, but at last, as he became too weak to manage his horse, they all dismounted. It is stated that when some one reported to Hannibal that the consul had ordered his men to fight on foot, he remarked, "I would rather he handed them over to me bound hand and foot.'' Now that the victory of the enemy was no longer doubtful this struggle of the dismounted cavalry was such as might be expected when men preferred to die where they stood rather than flee, and the victors, furious at them for delaying the victory, butchered without mercy those whom they could not dislodge. They did, however, repulse a few survivors exhausted with their exertions and their wounds. All were at last scattered, and those who could regained their horses for flight. Cn. Lentulus, a military tribune, saw, as he rode by, the consul covered with blood sitting on a boulder. "Lucius Aemilius," he said, "the one man whom the gods must hold guiltless of this day's disaster, take this horse while you have still some strength left, and I can lift you into the saddle and keep by your side to protect you. Do not make this day of battle still more fatal by a consul's death, there are enough tears and mourning without that." The consul replied: "Long may you live to do brave deeds, Cornelius, but do not waste in useless pity the few moments left in which to escape from the hands of the enemy. Go, announce publicly to the senate that they must fortify Rome and make its defence strong before the victorious enemy approaches, and tell Q. Fabius privately that I have ever remembered his precepts in life and in death. Suffer me to breathe my last among my slaughtered soldiers, let me not have to defend myself again when I am no longer consul, or appear as the accuser of my colleague and protect my own innocence by throwing the guilt on another." During this conversation a crowd of fugitives came suddenly upon them, followed by the enemy, who, not knowing who the consul was, overwhelmed him with a shower of missiles. Lentulus escaped on horseback in the rush. Then there was flight in all directions; 7000 men escaped to the smaller camp, 10,000 to the larger, and about 2000 to the village of Cannae. These latter were at once surrounded by Carthalo and his cavalry, as the village was quite unfortified. The other consul, who either by accident or design had not joined any of these bodies of fugitives, escaped with about fifty cavalry to Venusia; 45,500 infantry, 2700 cavalry-almost an equal proportion of Romans and allies-are said to have been killed. Amongst the number were both the quaestors attached to the consuls, L. Atilius and L. Furius Bibulcus, twenty-nine military tribunes, several ex-consuls, ex-praetors, and ex-aediles (amongst them are included Cn. Servilius Geminus and M. Minucius, who was Master of the Horse the previous year and, some years before that, consul), and in addition to these, eighty men who had either been senators or filled offices qualifying them for election to the senate and who had volunteered for service with the legions. The prisoners taken in the battle are stated to have amounted to 3000 infantry and 1500 cavalry." ~ Titus Livius 22.46-49
"Such was the end of the battle of Cannae, in which both sides fought with the most conspicuous gallantry, the conquered no less than the conquerors. This is proved by the fact that, out of six thousand horse, only seventy escaped with Caius Terentius to Venusia, and about three hundred of the allied cavalry to various towns in the neighborhood. Of the infantry ten thousand were taken prisoners in
fair fight, but were not actually engaged in the battle: of those who were actually engaged only about three thousand perhaps escaped to the towns of the surrounding district; all the rest died nobly, to the number of seventy thousand, the Carthaginians being on this occasion, as on previous ones, mainly indebted for their victory to their superiority in cavalry: a lesson to posterity that in actual war it is better to have half the number of infantry, and the superiority in cavalry, than to engage your enemy with an equality in both. On the side of Hannibal there fell four thousand Celts, fifteen hundred Iberians and Libyans, and about two hundred horse.
"The ten thousand Romans who were captured had not, as I said, been engaged in the actual battle; and the reason was this. Lucius Aemilius left ten thousand infantry in his camp that, in case Hannibal should disregard the safety of his own camp, and take his whole army onto the field, they might seize the opportunity, while the battle was going on, of forcing their way in and capturing the enemy's baggage; or if, on the other hand, Hannibal should, in view of this contingency, leave a guard in his camp, the number of the enemy in the field might thereby be diminished. These men were captured in the field in the following circumstances. Hannibal, as a matter of fact, did leave a sufficient guard in his camp; and as soon as the battle began, the Romans, according to their instructions, assaulted and tried to take those thus left by Hannibal. At first they held their own: but just as they were beginning to waver, Hannibal, who was by this time gaining a victory all along the line, came to their relief, and routing the Romans, shut them up in their own camp; killed two thousand of them; and took all the rest prisoners. In like manner the Numidian horse brought in all those who had taken refuge in the various strongholds about the district, amounting to two thousand of the routed cavalry." ~ Polyibius, The Roman Histories 3.117
Our thought for this aniiversary of the Battle of Cannae is comes from Democritus, The Golden Sayings 32:
"It is better that counsel should precede actions, than that repentance should follow them."
|
|