Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75101 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: The lex de novo proemio constitutionis (New Constitution Preambl |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75102 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: SCU Appointment |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75103 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: Nova Roma the Nation |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75104 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: The lex de novo proemio constitutionis (New Constitution Preambl |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75106 |
From: Christer Edling |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: New to me - as for your mailbox? ;-) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75107 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: From the Praetrix - the legal definition of defamation & Libel |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75108 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: From the Praetrix - the legal definition of defamation & Libel |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75109 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: From the Praetrix - the legal definition of defamation & Libel |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75110 |
From: Publius Memmius Albucius |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: [NR_Senaculum] Re: New to me - as for your mailbox? ;-) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75111 |
From: Vedius |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: New to me - as for your mailbox? ;-) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75112 |
From: Vedius |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: New to me - as for your mailbox? ;-) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75113 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: From the Praetrix - the legal definition of defamation & Libel |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75114 |
From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: SCU Appointment |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75115 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: The lex de novo proemio constitutionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75116 |
From: Vedius |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Preamble item - current version to b |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75117 |
From: Vedius |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: New to me - as for your mailbox? ;-) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75118 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: The lex de novo proemio constitutionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75119 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: From the Praetrix - the legal definition of defamation & Libel |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75120 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: SCU Appointment |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75121 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: The SCU |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75122 |
From: Deandrea Boyle |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Beginning of the Megalesia |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75123 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: SCU Appointment |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75124 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: From the Praetrix - the legal definition of defamation & Libel |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75125 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: Beginning of the Megalesia |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75126 |
From: Deandrea Boyle |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: Beginning of the Megalesia |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75127 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: The SCU |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75128 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: Beginning of the Megalesia |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75129 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: Beginning of the Megalesia |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75130 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: The SCU |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75131 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: Beginning of the Megalesia |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75132 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: The lex de novo proemio constitutionis |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75133 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: MEGALESIA et LUDI MEGALESIA 2763 AUC: OPENING SPEECH |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75134 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: The SCU |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75135 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Caesar's misunderstandings |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75136 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: The SCU |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75137 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: MEGALESIA et LUDI MEGALESIA 2763 AUC: OPENING SPEECH |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75138 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: MEGALESIA et LUDI MEGALESIA 2763 AUC: OPENING SPEECH |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75139 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Ludi Megalesia: SATURA (MIXED BAG of ROMAN LIFE) + Question 1 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75140 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: ADUMBRA TIO COMOEdia (theatrical comedy sketch) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75141 |
From: A. Apollónius Cordus |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: De re publica |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75142 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: LUSTRATIO ROMAE: "Rome through your eyes" |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75143 |
From: James Mathews |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: Easter Greetings |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75144 |
From: Cn. Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: Re: Caesar's understandings |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75145 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-04 |
Subject: a humble suggestion |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75146 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Rejecting the law proposal |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75147 |
From: petronius_dexter |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Rejecting the law proposal |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75148 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: De re publica |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75149 |
From: A. Tullia Scholastica |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Rejecting the law proposal |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75150 |
From: petronius_dexter |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Rejecting the law proposal |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75151 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] Re: Rejecting the law proposal |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75152 |
From: GAIUS MARCIUS CRISPUS |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: De re publica - an interview with Cordus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75153 |
From: petronius_dexter |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] Re: Rejecting the law proposal |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75154 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: De re publica - an interview with Cordus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75155 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: NONAE APRILIAE: Fortuna Publica, Fortuna Primigenia |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75156 |
From: GAIUS MARCIUS CRISPUS |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: De re publica - an interview with Cordus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75157 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Ludi Megalesia: SATURA (MIXED BAG of ROMAN LIFE) Day 2 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75158 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Ludi Megalesia: SATURA (MIXED BAG of ROMAN LIFE) + Question 1 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75159 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Ludi Megalesia: SATURA (MIXED BAG of ROMAN LIFE) Day 2 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75160 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: De re publica |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75161 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: ADUMBRA TIO COMOEDIA (Theatrical comedy sketch) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75162 |
From: deciusiunius |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: De re publica - an interview with Cordus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75163 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: LUSTRATIO ROMAE (Rome through your eyes) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75164 |
From: petronius_dexter |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: De re publica - an interview with Cordus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75165 |
From: L. Livia Plauta |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75166 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: De re publica - an interview with Cordus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75167 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75168 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75169 |
From: petronius_dexter |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75170 |
From: L. Livia Plauta |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75171 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: De re publica - an interview with Cordus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75172 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75173 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75174 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75175 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Ludi Megalenses: SATURA (MIXED BAG of ROMAN LIFE) Day 3 (Early) |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75176 |
From: Michael K |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75177 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75178 |
From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: R: [Nova-Roma] Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75179 |
From: Vedius |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Against the Lex Memmia Religiosa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75180 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: De Re Publica: Vote now, and vote no on item 5 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75181 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: Against the Lex Memmia Religiosa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75183 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Against the Lex Memmia Religiosa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75184 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-05 |
Subject: Re: De Re Publica: Vote now vote 5 No's! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75185 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: De Re Publica: Vote now, and vote no on item 5 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75186 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Against the Lex Memmia Religiosa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75187 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: De Re Publica: Vote now, and vote no on item 5 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75188 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: De Re Publica: Vote now, and vote no on item 5 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75189 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: NR Constitution Re: Against the Lex Memmia Religiosa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75190 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: De Re Publica: Vote now, and vote no on item 5 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75191 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: NR Constitution |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75192 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: NR Constitution |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75193 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: De Re Publica: Vote now, and vote no on item 5 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75194 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: NR Constitution |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75195 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: NR Constitution |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75196 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: De Re Publica: Vote now, and vote no on item 5 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75197 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: NR Constitution |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75198 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: De Re Publica: Vote now, and vote no on item 5 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75199 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: NR Constitution |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75200 |
From: L. Livia Plauta |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75201 |
From: L. Livia Plauta |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75202 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75203 |
From: irina sergia |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: LUSTRATIO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75204 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: NR Constitution |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75205 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: LUSTRATIO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75206 |
From: Nabarz |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Call for papers for Journal of Greek, Roman and Persian Studies |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75207 |
From: publiusalbucius |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Vote YES on the Laws PROPOSALS + CONSTITUTION |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75208 |
From: Mark Fischer |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: A thought on Constitutions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75209 |
From: Kirsteen Wright |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75210 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: a. d. VIII Eidus Apriles: Battle of Thapsus |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75211 |
From: L. Livia Plauta |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Centuria Praerogativa voting results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75212 |
From: L. Livia Plauta |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75213 |
From: L. Livia Plauta |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75214 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75215 |
From: Publius Memmius Albucius |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75216 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: NR Constitution |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75217 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: LUSTRATIO |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75218 |
From: L. Livia Plauta |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75219 |
From: L. Livia Plauta |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75220 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75221 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75222 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75223 |
From: publiusalbucius |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: The vote on the tribunician entry in office |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75224 |
From: publiusalbucius |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75225 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75226 |
From: petronius_dexter |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75227 |
From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75228 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75229 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75230 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75231 |
From: petronius_dexter |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75232 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Centuria Praerogativa |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75233 |
From: L. Livia Plauta |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: WARNING! Invalid vote! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75234 |
From: Christer Edling |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: WARNING! Invalid vote! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75235 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: NR Constitution |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75236 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting results |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75237 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75238 |
From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: NR Constitution |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75239 |
From: L. Livia Plauta |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: WARNING! Invalid vote! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75240 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75241 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75242 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75243 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75244 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75245 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions: vote now and vote NO on Item 5 |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75246 |
From: Christer Edling |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: WARNING! Invalid vote! |
|
Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75247 |
From: windward_mark_1 |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75248 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting ... |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75249 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75250 |
From: Vedius |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting ... |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75251 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75252 |
From: QFabiusMaxmi@aol.com |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting ... |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75253 |
From: Vedius |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting ... |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75254 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: ADUMBRA TIO COMODEA (theatrical sketch) |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75255 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: LUSTRATIO ROMAE |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75256 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: [NovaRomaComitiaCenturiata] Centuria Praerogativa voting ... |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75257 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Scriptorium |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75258 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75259 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75260 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: Scriptorium |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75261 |
From: aerdensrw |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75262 |
From: Gaius Petronius Dexter |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Fw: The March Senate Session report. |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75263 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75264 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-06 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75265 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75266 |
From: gualterus_graecus |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Re: Scriptorium |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75267 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75268 |
From: C.Maria Caeca |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75269 |
From: rory12001 |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Re: Scriptorium |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75270 |
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Re: Scriptorium |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75271 |
From: James Mathews |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Re: NR Constitution |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75272 |
From: marcushoratius |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: a. d. VII Eidus Apriles: Ludi Megalesiaci scenici |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75273 |
From: Publius Memmius Albucius |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Delegation from Cos. Albucius to Cos. Quintilianus |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75274 |
From: windward_mark_1 |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75275 |
From: windward_mark_1 |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Many thanks... |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75276 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Re: A thought on Constitutions |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75277 |
From: Cato |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Re: Many thanks... |
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Group: Nova-Roma |
Message: 75278 |
From: luciaiuliaaquila |
Date: 2010-04-07 |
Subject: Ludi Megalenses: SATURA (MIXED BAG of ROMAN LIFE) Day 4 |
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Lentulus Caesari sal.
Caesar, you possibly misunderstand things.
1. The first thing you misunderstand is what I, and I think most of the Pro Nation side, think about "independent and sovereign nation".
We agree with you that right now we aren't independent, nor sovereign, and our nationhood is mostly cultural and spiritual, and is still in the process of creation. We can accept altering these words into something like "spiritual nation with symbolic sovereignty" etc. But not complete deletion of it.
Our main point is to assure that the principles and goals fixed in the Declaration are expressed in the preamble. So we do not go against the reality that we are not yet a real state or nation. We go against THIS, and exactly THIS proposal that entirely removed all hardcore principles of Nova Roma and its final goal of creating a physical Nova Roman entity. So our views are not so terribly far from each other regarding nationhood, independence and sovereignty. We just insist they shall be there in the preamble as the final goals of Nova Roma, and as partly realized things (as for the nationhood).
2. Your other misunderstanding is how nationhood is created and what the way is to realize it.
The realization that we can have a cultural (Nova) Roman national identity happens through learning, through creating common traditions, common history and myths, a sense of identity, a faith in the concept, a consciousness of that identity and nationality. Do you see what I say? It's completely a CULTURAL thing. Creating a country, however, is another, mostly political, diplomatic
(and military) process, which is not discussed here because we speak
about nationhood only, not about becoming a country. Each nation is created by ideologies, myths and religions, symbolism and tradition.
We made a huge progress in that. I personally made so with myself. I have learned a lot while participating in Nova Roma, meeting people, sharing common ideas, getting to love each other and feeling the unity, that we are indeed one "new people", a new cultural and spiritual nation, that is, in the same time, the revival of a very ancient one, so new and old simultaneously.
We made many steps in this direction. Each conventus, meeting or sacrifice, each e-mail discussion and each act of our republic are creating our common history, and if we overwhelm these events, these acts, our community life with our own culture, with Nova Romanitas, with the ideas of our intended nationhood, if we feed this identity, build the community in this direction, then these things are the creation of the Nova Roman nation. These are the steps themselves towards our goals.
You say there are no actual steps. There are.
But until we will have a strong sense of cultural nationhood in Nova Roma, our main job is to feed the community with events, culture, to create the spirit. Creating this kind of nation does not start with buying land, or petition the UN! It starts with team building, creating the culture, the identity and the community that learns it! (BTW, to this kind of nationhood we intend, I'm not sure if we ever shall petition the UN. It's a spiritual thing and question of culture, belief and identity, not geo-politics.)
Currently Nova Roma's main tasks are teaching and learning, experience and finding out what a modern Roman nation shall be. We are going very slowly in that way. But we are going! I feel and experience that identity, and others do as well.
I did not feel it really when I had joined, then year after year it grew. I had a great debate with Cordus about it on the ML in 2006, when I said what you say now, and I objected Cordus who spoke about that we were really a new Roman republic and nation. I opposed him, then at the end of the debate, my views slightly changed. After many years of being in NR, participating, immersing in events, community, friendships and in the spirit of Nova Roma, at one point I realized we are actually some kind of nation, really. A renascent, "in progress", "under construcion" nation. We are really going on this direction. We are going, but very slowly.
A Nova Roman's criticism should go against the slowness of this process. Yes, we should do this process in a much better way, we should have much more of such events that develop our identity and sense of nationhood. There should be better recruitment, better organization, more professionalism. Well, these are that need reforms.
There is progress made towards being a nation, and this progress is cultural at this stage, not political, nor should it be political as it would be very premature. Until we don't have at least a 15,000 citizens and a 1000 of active citizens, I see no reason why should we think about "recognized nation status" what you have mentioned.
Our steps currently shall be those what I've mentioned above: recruitment, education, cultural absorption etc.
Â
3. The third thing what you misunderstand is how people can believe in, or experience, or understand this kind of nationhood that Nova Roma is.
You say we just chant a mantra and take intoxicants to believe in the nation concept. This is nonsense. You can believe in things yet you aren't a lunatic. Churches promote various concepts about symbolic realities, or spiritual realities that are not tangible, not always understandable by logical approach, or not supported by hardcore material, physical facts. And that's quite in its place in Nova Roma, as Nova Roma, first and foremost, is a religious endeavor.
And Nova Roma is not even that radical in its claims about spiritual reality!
Nova Roma does not claim we have a living God within a meal, or that we know the absolute truth about divine, nor we claim many things. We also do not claim (although the current preamble is unclear about it and I agree as I have said many times that it should be adjusted to a more realistic wording) we don't claim that we are already a "country", or really sovereign, or really independent, or a completely real nation. All these are ongoing projects, some of these is very far from realization and shall remain so, some of these, especially the becoming a nation, however, is quite perceptible through immersion in NR community life, and through absorbing the myths (call of the Gods for refounding Rome), the common NR history, the NR social and cultural traditions, the ideology (Declaration of NR, Declaration of Roman Paganism), and the identity (Roman-ness).
These were some points, Senator Cn. Julius Caesar, of your misunderstandings. I hope you will now see more moderately my (or our) ideas about Nova Roman nationhood, and you'll realize that these thoughts are normal, enthusiast but realistic, and characteristic of religious and symbolic approaches. Our thoughts are the direct consequence of understanding what the name Nova Roma means, why it was founded and what "the Gods are calling again" mean.
--- Dom 4/4/10, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar < gn_iulius_caesar@...> ha scritto:
Â
Caesar Messallinae sal.
Interesting, but utterly irrelevant to taking practical steps to making the "dream" a reality. Where for example is the plan to achieve recognized nation status, or even observer status, at the UN? Got one have we? Or is it just doing the same old things year after year and claiming that this is progress? Oh now I forgot, we say it exists now and if we all join hands in a big circle and chant the mantra "we are a sovereign independent nation" enough times we can make our nation appear in a puff of smoke. Or maybe some people like playing dress up and take enough intoxicants that they believe they are in the New Rome? No action, no progress.
The plan is "pass the bong"?
Optime vale
From: Maxima Valeria Messallina
Sent: Sunday, April 04, 2010 10:21 AM
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogrou ps.com
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: The lex de novo proemio constitutionis (New Constitution Preamble)
Well, without Vestals, there is no Roma and I have not only put my own plan of action into being, I've also put my money into it by the hundreds. In speaking with other Citizens, they are doing their own part according to their own talents. Did you see Lentulus' video on March 1st? That was wonderful. This is all nation-building - one baby step at a time. We'll get there someday. Rome wasn't built in a day and neither will Nova Roma.
Maxima Valeria Messallina
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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M. Moravius Piscinus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Diis bene iuvantibus sitis
Hodie est Nonae Apriliae; haec dies nefastus est: Fortunae Publicae; Ludi Megalesiaci. Hoc biduo sacrificium maximum Fortunae Primigeniae utro eorum die oraculum patet, II viri vitulum L.
When the stars have vanished, and the Moon unyokes
Her snowy horses, and the next dawn shines in the sky,
He'll speak true who says: On this day long ago
The temple of Public Fortune was dedicated on the Quirinal.
~ Publius Ovidius Naso, Fasti 4.373-376
Fortuna Primigenia at Praeneste
Ovid refers to the dedication day of a Temple of Fortuna Publica, one of three temples on the Quirinal that were dedicated to this Goddess.
Today is also noted on the fasti Praenestini as a day when the oracle of Fortuna Primigenia was opened. Her oracle at Praeneste was the foremost of Italy. For the oracle, lots were mixed in a cista filled with water. In response to inquiries a youth was selected to draw lots (Cicero, De Divinatione 2.86). Such is depicted on a third century bronze cista where a youth hands a lot to a figure in a toga. Young children, having reborn geniuses, are considered to be closer to the Gods than adults, and thus children were often used in drawing lots and in other forms of divination as mediators between the divine and mortals (Tibullus 1.3.10-12). Praeneste was a nearby Latin city of prominence, and yet it was still regarded a foreign city in 242/241 BCE:
"Lutatius Cerco, who ended the First Punic War, was prohibited by the Senate from consulting the lots of Fortuna at Praeneste. For they judged it right that the State be administered with ancestral auspices, not foreign ones." ~ Valerius Maximus 1.3.2
Lutatius Catullus, consul of 242, ended the First Punic War. His brother, Lutatius Cerco was consul in the following year and handled negotiations of the peace treaty. It was less than an hundred years at that time since Rome had defeated the Latin League and gained complete hegemony over the Latins. Fortuna Primigenia at Praeneste became more integrated into Roman practice by the Late Republic.
Claudia Quinta
Yesterday, in telling of the arrival of the Magna Mater to Rome, Livy mentioned Claudia Quinta as a particularly virtuous woman among the matrons of the City. Just as Scipio Nasica was said to have been chosen as the most noble man of Rome, worthy to receive the Goddess, in Livy Claudia Quinta seems to have been thought the most noble of patrician matrons. Earlier than Livy, Cicero, addressing his remarks to Clodius, wrote:
"Formerly, then, by the advice of this prophetess, when Italy was wearied by the Punic war and harassed by Hannibal, our ancestors imported that sacred image and those sacred rites from Phrygia, and established them at Rome, where they were received by that man who was adjudged to be the most virtuous of all the Roman people, Publius Scipio Nasica, and by the woman who was considered the chastest of the matrons, Quinta Claudia; the old-fashioned strictness of whose sacrifice on that occasion your sister is considered to have imitated in a wonderful manner." ~ M. Tullius Cicero, De Haruspicum Responsis 27
Then in April 56 BCE, Cicero, while defending Caelius, attacked Clodia (made famous by Catullus) by contrasting her with Claudia Quinta who he holds up as an example of "the womanly glory of domestic praise (pro Caelio 14.34)." With Cicero, as with Livy later, Claudia Quinta was noted as the most chaste matron and one most worthy to receive the image of the Goddess. Shortly after Livy wrote Ovid tells a very different story as it was revealed in the scaena testificata, or sacred drama of the Ludi Megalesia.
"For a long time there'd been a drought: the grass was dry and scorched: the boat stuck fast in the muddy shallows. Every man, hauling, laboured beyond his strength, and encouraged their toiling hands with his cries. Yet the ship lodged there, like an island fixed in mid-ocean: and astonished at the portent, men stood and quaked. Claudia Quinta traced her descent from noble Clausus, and her beauty was in no way unequal to her nobility: She was chaste, but not believed so: hostile rumour Had wounded her, false charges were levelled at her: her elegance, promenading around in various hairstyles, and her ready tongue, with stiff old men, counted against her. Conscious of virtue, she laughed at the rumoured lies,
But we're always ready to credit others with faults. Now, when she'd stepped from the line of chaste women, taking pure river water in her hands, she wetted her head three times, three times lifted her palms to the sky, while everyone watching her thought she'd lost her mind, and then, kneeling, fixed her eyes on the Goddess's statue, and, with loosened hair, uttered these words: 'Kind and fruitful Mother of the Gods, accept a suppliant's prayers, on this one condition: They deny I'm chaste: let me be guilty if You condemn me: convicted by a Goddess I'll pay for it with my life. But if I'm free of guilt, grant a pledge of my innocence by Your action: and, chaste, give way to my chaste hands.' She spoke: then gave a slight pull at the rope, a wonder, but the sacred drama attests what I say, the Goddess stirred, followed, and, following, approved her:
witness the sound of jubilation carried to the stars." ~ P. Ovidius Naso, Fasti 4.299-328
This story about Claudia Quinta may have been given greater prominence in the years that followed when Emperor Claudius reorganized the cultus Matri Deum, established the dendroforii, and more. However, already at some time before 111 BCE a statue of Claudia Quinta was erected in the vestibule of the Palatine Temple of Magna Mater. In that year, and again in 3 CE, the temple burnt to the ground but the statue of Claudia Quinta remained miraculously undamaged (Val. Max. 1.8.11).
"This, it was said, had formerly happened to Claudia Quinta; her statue which had twice escaped the violence of fire, had been dedicated by our ancestors in the Temple of Magna Mater Deorum, hence the Claudii had been accounted sacred and numbered among the Gods." ~ P. Cornelius Tacitus, Annales 4.64.4
These fires, and what was taken to have been a miracle that the statue of Claudia Quinta should survive, led to tfurther embellishment of her story. In the first century version by Silius Italicus, Scipio Nasica enjoins the crowd to tow the ship of Magna Mater to Rome by first warning them:
"Spare your guilty palms from touching these ropes. Away from here, I warn you, go far away from hence, whosoever among you is unchaste, do not share in this sacred task."
It was then that Claudia Quinta, a matron falsely accused of being unchaste, picked up the tow-rope alone and prayed:
"O Great Mother of the Heavenly Host, Genetrix of all the divine powers, whose children cast lots to see who should rule over land, and seas, and the stars, and the nether world of the Manes, if without violation my body is free of all unchaste crimes, may You be my witness, dear Goddess, and testify on my behalf of my innocence by the ease with which I now draw this vessel." ~ Ti. Catius Asconius Silius Italicus, Punica 17.27-29; 35-40
With P. Papinius Statius, also in the first century, Claudia Quinta is a 'virgo' rather than a matron, but not a Vestal (Silvae 1.2.245-246). By the third century Claudia Quinta was made over into a Vestal Virgin who had been accused of being unchaste and thus condemned to be buried alive. "She took off her sash and threw it onto the prow of the ship with a prayer that, if she were still an innocent virgin the ship would respond to her. The ship readily followed, attached to the sash. The Romans were astounded, both by the manifestation of the Goddess and by the sanctity of the Virgin (Herodian, Historia 1.11)."
Here Claudia Quinta would seem to have been confused with either of two Vestales Claudiae. The more famous Vestal Claudia interposed her sacrosanct person into her father's chariot to prevent a tribune of the plebs from denying him his triumph in 143 BCE (Val. Max. 5.4.6; Livy, Perioche 53; Cicero, pro Caelio 14.34). The other Claudia, if not a Vestal was noted as a virgin nevertheless, dedicated the Aventine Temple of the Bona Dea (Ovid, Fasti 5.155-158). [Cicero instead identified her as Vestal Licinia, daughter of a tribune of 145 BCE (De Domo 136).] But the story of a Vestal Virgin Claudia Quinta would seem to have been modeled more after that of Vestal Virgin Tuccia who famously proved her innocence by carrying water in a sieve from the Tiber to the Temple of Vesta [Val. Max. 8.1.5 (absol)]. The story of Claudia Quinta and how it evolved over the years is an example of how a tradition like the religio Romana tends to evolve over time.
http://dictynna.revue.univ-lille3.fr/1Articles/4Articlespdf/Winsor.pdf
Thought of the day from Epictetus, Enchiridion 12
"If you would improve, lay aside such reasonings as these: "If I neglect my affairs, I shall not have a maintenance; if I do not punish my servant, he will be good for nothing." For it were better to die of hunger, exempt from grief and fear, than to live in affluence with perturbation; and it is better that your servant should be bad than you unhappy.
"Begin therefore with little things. Is a little oil spilt or a little wine stolen? Say to yourself, "This is the price paid for peace and tranquility; and nothing is to be had for nothing." And when you call your servant, consider that it is possible he may not come at your call; or, if he does, that he may not do what you wish. But it is not at all desirable for him, and very undesirable for you, that it should be in his power to cause you any disturbance."
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M. Moravius Piscinus Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Di vos salvam et servatam volunt
Hodie est ante diem VIII Eidus Apriles; haec dies nefastus aterque est: Ludi Megalesiaci
AUC 707 / 46 BCE: The Battle of Thapsus
Under the former calendar the Battle of Thapsus took place on 6 April. Just to show how far off the Roman calendar had become, after Caesar's reform it would have fallen on 6/7 February.
Julius Caesar had crossed from Sicily to Hadrumetum, Africa Proconsularis, on 28 Dec. 47 BCE with a small force, relying on speed rather than planning. It almost cost him his army and the war. By April, though, Caesar had secured his position, brought his army up to ten legions, and advanced against the port of Thapsus. By then Caesar's veteran legions were experts in seige warfare. His new recruits were kept busy digging entrenchments as well. Three trench lines sealed off the southern approaches between Utica and Thapsus by the time the Republicans sent a relief column. Caesar was at a disadvantage in cavalry, not only in numbers but also in the kind of Gallic and Germanic cavalry he had compared to the light Numidian cavalry he faced.
The Republicans, based at Utica, were led by Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Cato the Younger. Like Caesar they had ten legions, with a force of about 40,000 infantry, and a strong cavalry contingent of 2,500 men led by Titus Labienus. Additionally King Juba led a Numidian force, and Metellus Scipio had over sixty war elephants. After days of skirmishing with little result, Metellus Scipio led his army around Caesar's lines to approach Thapsus from the north. Caesar responding by marching his army out for open battle.
"When Caesar came to the place, he found Scipio's army in order of battle before the intrenchments, the elephants posted on the right and left wings, and part of the soldiers busily employed in fortifying the camp. Upon sight of this disposition, he drew up his army in three lines, placed the tenth and second legions on the right wing, the eighth and ninth on the left, five legions in the center, covered his flanks with five cohorts, posted opposite the elephants, disposed the archers and slingers in the two wings, and intermingled the light-armed troops with his cavalry. He himself on foot went from rank to rank, to rouse the courage of the veterans, putting them in mind of their former victories, and animating them by his kind expressions. He exhorted the new levies who had never yet been in battle to emulate the bravery of the veterans, and endeavor by a victory to attain the same degree of fame, glory, and renown.
"As he ran from rank to rank, he observed the enemy about the camp very uneasy, hurrying from place to place, at one time retiring behind the rampart, another coming out again in great tumult and confusion. As many others in the army began to observe this, his lieutenants and volunteers begged him to give the signal for battle, as the immortal gods promised him a decisive victory. While he hesitated and strove to repress their eagerness and desires, exclaiming that it was not his wish to commence the battle by a sudden sally, at the same time keeping back his army, on a sudden a trumpeter in the right wing, without Caesar's leave, but compelled by the soldiers, sounded a charge. Upon this all the cohorts began to rush toward the enemy, in spite of the endeavors of the centurions, who strove to restrain them by force, lest they should charge withal the general's order, but to no purpose.
"Caesar perceiving that the ardor of his soldiers would admit of no restraint, giving "good fortune" for the word, spurred on his horse, and charged the enemy's front. On the right wing the archers and slingers poured their eager javelins without intermission upon the elephants, and by the noise of their slings and stones, so terrified these animals, that turning upon their own men, they trod them down in heaps, and rushed through the half-finished gates of the camp. At the same time the Mauritanian horse, who were in the same wing with the elephants, seeing themselves deprived of their assistance, betook themselves to flight. Whereupon the legions wheeling round the elephants, soon possessed themselves of the enemy's intrenchments, and some few that made great resistance being slain, the rest fled with all expedition to the camp they had quitted the day before.
"And here we must not omit to notice the bravery of a veteran soldier of the fifth legion. For when an elephant which had been wounded in the left wing, and, roused to fury by the pain, ran against an unarmed sutler, threw him under his feet, and kneeling on him with his whole weight, and brandishing his uplifted trunk, with hideous cries, crushed him to death, the soldier could not refrain from attacking the animal. The elephant, seeing him advance with his javelin in his hand, quitted the dead body of the sutler, and seizing him with his trunk, wheeled him round in the air. But he, amid all the danger, preserving his presence of mind, ceased not with his sword to strike at the elephant's trunk, which enclasped him, and the animal, at last overcome with the pain, quitted the soldier, and fled to the rest with hideous cries.
"Meanwhile the garrison of Thapsus, either designing to assist their friends, or abandoning the town to seek safety by flight, sallied out by the gate next the sea, and wading navel deep in the water; endeavored to reach the land. But the servants and attendants of the camp, attacking them with darts and stones, obliged them to return to the town. Scipio's forces meanwhile being beaten, and his men fleeing on all sides, the legions instantly began the pursuit, that they might have no time to rally. When they arrived at the camp to which they fled, and where, having repaired it, they hoped to defend themselves they began to think of choosing a commander, to whose, authority and orders they might submit; but finding none on whom they could rely, they threw down their arms, and fled to the king's quarter. Finding this, on their arrival, occupied by Caesar's forces, they retired to a hill, where, despairing of safety, they cast down their arms, and saluted them in a military manner. But this stood them in little stead, for the veterans, transported with rage and anger, not only could not be induced to spare the enemy, but even killed or wounded several citizens of distinction in their own army, whom they upbraided as authors of the war. Of this number was Tullius Rufus the quaestor, whom a soldier designedly ran through with a javelin; and Pompeius Rufus, who was wounded with a sword in the arm, and would doubtless have been slain, had he not speedily fled to Caesar for protection. This made several Roman knights and senators retire from the battle, lest the soldiers, who after so signal a victory assumed an unbounded license, should be induced by the hopes of impunity to wreck their fury on them likewise. In short all Scipio's soldiers, though they implored the protection of Caesar, were in the very sight of that general, and in spite of his entreaties to his men to spare them, without exception put to the sword.
"Caesar, having made himself master of the enemy's three camps, killed ten thousand, and putting the rest to flight, retreated to his own quarters with the loss of not more than fifty men and a few wounded." ~ C. Julius Caesar, Commentarius de bello Africo 81-86
Death of Cato
"When Caesar learned from people who came to him that Cato was remaining in Utica and not trying to escape, but that he was sending off the p409rest, while he himself, his companions, and his son, were fearlessly going up and down, he thought it difficult to discern the purpose of the man, but since he made the greatest account of him, he came on with his army in all haste. When, however, he heard of his death, he said thus much only, as we are told: "O Cato, I begrudge thee thy death; for thou didst begrudge me the honour of sparing thy life." For, in reality, if Cato could have consented to have his life spared by Caesar, he would not be thought to have defiled his own fair fame, but rather to have adorned that of Caesar. However, what would have happened is uncertain; though the milder course is to be conjectured on the part of Caesar." ~ Plutarch, Life of Cato the Younger 72
Our thought for today is from Epicurus, Vatican Saying 50. (PD 8):
"No pleasure is a bad thing in itself, but the things which produce certain pleasures entail disturbances many times greater than the
pleasures themselves."
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