Selected messages in Nova-Roma group. Apl 18-30, 2010

Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75638 From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher Date: 2010-04-18
Subject: FW: [Explorator] explorator 12.52
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75639 From: Maxima Valeria Messallina Date: 2010-04-18
Subject: OT: Translator Needed
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75640 From: L. Livia Plauta Date: 2010-04-18
Subject: Re: Convivium in New Jersey
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75641 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2010-04-18
Subject: Re: a. d. XIV Kalendas Maias: The Indigitamenta of Ceres
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75642 From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher Date: 2010-04-18
Subject: Wiki Fix Please
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75643 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: a. d. XIII Kalendas Maias: CEREALIA
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75644 From: Maxima Valeria Messallina Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Consul Albucius' Comments
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75645 From: lord Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Video in Honor to Religio Romana
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75646 From: lord Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Video in Honor to Religio Romana
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75647 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: It's that time again...
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75648 From: luciaiuliaaquila Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Re: a. d. XIV Kalendas Maias: The Indigitamenta of Ceres
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75649 From: publiusalbucius Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Messallina's comments
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75650 From: L. Livia Plauta Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Re: Video in Honor to Religio Romana
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75651 From: Vedius Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Re: Convivium in New Jersey
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75652 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Re: Convivium in New Jersey
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75653 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Re: a. d. XIV Kalendas Maias: The Indigitamenta of Ceres
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75654 From: iulius sabinus Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Re: Video in Honor to Religio Romana
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75655 From: Kirsteen Wright Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Re: Video in Honor to Religio Romana
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75656 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: a. d. XII Kalendas Maias: Romulus and Fidenae
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75657 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: CEREALIA RITUAL
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75658 From: Ass.Pomerium Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Nuova uscita del notiziario Pomerium - Aprile 2010
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75659 From: James Mathews Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Re: [SodalitasMilitarium] Conimbriga
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75660 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Re: Consul Albucius' Comments
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75661 From: Cato Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Re: Consul Albucius' Comments
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75662 From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Re: Consul Albucius' Comments
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75663 From: Cato Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: Re: Consul Albucius' Comments
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75664 From: James Mathews Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: ] Stoicism
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75665 From: lord Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: Re: Video in Honor to Religio Romana
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75666 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: a. d. XI Kalendas Maias: The Founding of Rome
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75667 From: Christer Edling Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: A small ceremony for Palatua during the the 2763th Parilia of Rome w
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75668 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: Re: A small ceremony for Palatua during the the 2763th Parilia of Ro
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75669 From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: PARILIA (2763rd Birthday of Rome)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75670 From: Vedius Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: Re: PARILIA (2763rd Birthday of Rome)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75671 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: Re: PARILIA (2763rd Birthday of Rome)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75672 From: Vedius Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: Re: PARILIA (2763rd Birthday of Rome)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75673 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-22
Subject: a. d. X Kalendas Maias: PARILIA continued
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75674 From: M Iul Perusianus Date: 2010-04-23
Subject: Celebrations in Rome
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75675 From: Kirsteen Wright Date: 2010-04-23
Subject: Re: Celebrations in Rome
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75676 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-23
Subject: roman news find in Scotland
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75677 From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com Date: 2010-04-24
Subject: Reminder Ludi Apollinares, 4/24/2010, 12:00 pm
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75678 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-24
Subject: a. d. VII Kalendas Maias: Fall of Troy; Battle of Crimesus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75679 From: Perusianus Date: 2010-04-24
Subject: Re: Celebrations in Rome
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75680 From: Vedius Date: 2010-04-24
Subject: Re: Celebrations in Rome
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75681 From: petronius_dexter Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: Celebrations in Rome
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75682 From: Marcus Quirinus Sulla Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: I: [Flickr] giannidedom ( the Cropman) ha condiviso un set Flickr co
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75683 From: petronius_dexter Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: PARILIA (2763rd Birthday of Rome)
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75684 From: Christer Edling Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: The Ninth Consular edict CFBQ on taxation for 2763 A.U.C.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75685 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: a. d. VII Kalendas Maias: ROBIGALIA; Serapeum Quirinale
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75686 From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: FW: [Explorator] explorator 13.01
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75687 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: ] Stoicism
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75688 From: L. Livia Plauta Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: ] Stoicism
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75689 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: ] Stoicism
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75690 From: Nabarz Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Agora
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75691 From: Maxima Valeria Messallina Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: Agora
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75692 From: L. Livia Plauta Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: ] Stoicism
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75693 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: ] Stoicism
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75694 From: petronius_dexter Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: ] Stoicism
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75695 From: Andreas Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: Celebrations in Rome
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75696 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: a. d. VI Kalendas Maias: Dies Natalis Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75697 From: Christer Edling Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: The Tenth Consular edict CFBQ on payment of taxes for 2763 A.U.C.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75698 From: publiusalbucius Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Stoicism and economic crisis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75699 From: petronius_dexter Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: The Ninth Consular edict CFBQ on taxation for 2763 A.U.C.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75700 From: Christer Edling Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: The Ninth Consular edict CFBQ on taxation for 2763 A.U.C.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75701 From: petronius_dexter Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: The Ninth Consular edict CFBQ on taxation for 2763 A.U.C.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75702 From: Christer Edling Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: The Ninth Consular edict CFBQ on taxation for 2763 A.U.C.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75703 From: luciaiuliaaquila Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: Stoicism and economic crisis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75704 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-27
Subject: a. d. V Kalendas Maias: Feriae Latinae; Soranus of the Faliscii
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75705 From: Maxima Valeria Messallina Date: 2010-04-27
Subject: The Senate Has Been Called to Order - April 2763 auc. session
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75706 From: Maxima Valeria Messallina Date: 2010-04-27
Subject: Re: Celebrations in Rome
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75707 From: tpontiussilanus Date: 2010-04-27
Subject: Roman novel in ABNA contest
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75708 From: C.Maria Caeca Date: 2010-04-27
Subject: Re: Roman novel in ABNA contest
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75709 From: Charlie Collins Date: 2010-04-27
Subject: Re: Roman novel in ABNA contest
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75710 From: Charlie Collins Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: Re: Roman novel in ABNA contest
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75711 From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: Book collection site
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75712 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: a. d. IV Kalendas Maias: FLORALIA
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75713 From: Perusianus Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: NR Urbs' new aediles
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75714 From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: Officially Back
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75715 From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75716 From: M•IVL•SEVERVS Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75717 From: Christer Edling Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75718 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: a. d. III Kalendas Maias: Numa Pompilius the Law-Giver
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75719 From: Marcus Valerius Traianus Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75720 From: publiusalbucius Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75721 From: romanproconsul Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: Stoicism and "Romanitas
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75722 From: romanproconsul Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75723 From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75724 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: papyrus of a Roman letter
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75725 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: Re: Stoicism and economic crisis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75726 From: petronius_dexter Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Re: Stoicism and economic crisis
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75727 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Pridie Kalendas Maias: Death of Seneca; Battle of the Campus Ergenus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75728 From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Invitation to the Floralia in Aquincum (Budapest, Hungary) on 22-23
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75729 From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Kalends, 5/1/2010, 12:00 am
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75730 From: L. Livia Plauta Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Re: papyrus of a Roman letter
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75731 From: Maxima Valeria Messallina Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Re: papyrus of a Roman letter
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75732 From: L. Livia Plauta Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Re: papyrus of a Roman letter
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75733 From: Dal Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Re: Pridie Kalendas Maias: Death of Seneca; Battle of the Campus Erg



Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75638 From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher Date: 2010-04-18
Subject: FW: [Explorator] explorator 12.52
Salvete



FYI



Valete



Ti. Galerius Paulinus






To: explorator@yahoogroups.com
From: rogueclassicist@...
Date: Sun, 18 Apr 2010 08:48:11 -0400
Subject: [Explorator] explorator 12.52





================================================================
explorator 12.52 April 18, 2010
================================================================
Editor's note: Most urls should be active for at least eight
hours from the time of publication.

For your computer's protection, Explorator is sent in plain text
and NEVER has attachments. Be suspicious of any Explorator which
arrives otherwise!!!
================================================================
================================================================
Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, David Critchley, Barnea Selavan,
Diana Wright,Donna Hurst, Edward Rockstein, Duke Jason,
Rick Heli, Donna Hurst, Thomas W Kavanagh
Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Joseph Lauer, Angie Telepenko,
Mike Ruggeri,Richard C. Griffiths, and Ross W. Sargent for headses
upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out).
================================================================
EARLY HUMANS
================================================================
Interesting followup to the Australopithecus sediba thing ... they
found (maybe) some brain remains (and insect larvae):

http://news.discovery.com/human/brain-human-ancestor-skull.html
http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20100412/sc_livescience/ancientprehumanskeletonmaycontainshrunkenbrain
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/36421160/ns/technology_and_science-science/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/rss/-/2/hi/science/nature/8615424.stm
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/video/a-close-look-at-new-hominid/article1533204/?cmpid=rss1
http://www.livescience.com/history/human-ancestor-brain-fossil-100411.html
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2010/04/13/scans-of-new-hominids-skull-find-possible-chunk-of-brain%E2%80%94and-bugs/

I'm sure we're going to hear more about 'X Woman' soon:

http://www.24worldnews.com/x-woman-coexisted-with-neanderthals-and-modern-humans-40000-years-ago/6193/

Redating Java man:

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/58346/title/Java_Man_takes_age_to_extremes

Werner Herzog is making a movie about Chauvet Cave:

http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/14/which-part-of-werner-herzogs-3-d-cave-painting-movie-dont-you-understand/
================================================================
ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT
================================================================
The find of a number of Roman-era mummies at the Barhariya Oasis
(see below in the 'Rome' section) gave way by the end of the week
to the discovery of the tomb of a 19th dynasty scribe in the area:

http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=4&Article_id=113821
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gmlqUI9TuQVibcJRjc95USQoWAwgD9F2VM5G0
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100414/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_egypt_antiquities_1
http://news.discovery.com/archaeology/tomb-of-ken-amun-royal-court-official-unearthed-in-egypt.html
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=123435§ionid=3510212
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gmlqUI9TuQVibcJRjc95USQoWAwgD9F30DA81
http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/04/14/tomb-ancient-scribe-egypt-history/?test=faces

Akhenaten's toe has returned to Egypt:

http://news.discovery.com/archaeology/king-tuts-dads-toe-returns-home.html
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gmlqUI9TuQVibcJRjc95USQoWAwgD9F30DA81
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/7598084/50-year-old-mystery-of-mummys-missing-toe-solved.html

Human remains won't get in the way of emergency room construction
in Ashkelon:

http://www.jta.org/news/article/2010/04/13/1011543/ashkelon-protected-er-to-remain-on-burial-site

Tower tombs from Palmyra:

http://www.english.globalarabnetwork.com/201004185537/Travel/syrian-archaeologists-tombs-tower-unearthed-in-palmyra.html

An Ugaritic link to Arabic?:

http://www.english.globalarabnetwork.com/201004165529/Culture/archaeologists-ancient-texts-show-similarities-between-arabic-and-ugaritic-languages.html

A sort of state-of-the investigation thing from Pasargadae:

http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=123609§ionid=351020105

A nice radio tribute to Chana Eshel:

http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/184366

More on those Assyrian treaty tablets mentioned last week:

http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2010/04/15/Researchers-study-ancient-Assyrian-tablets/UPI-62201271360476/

Egyptology News Blog:

http://egyptology.blogspot.com/

Egyptology Blog:

http://www.egyptologyblog.co.uk/

Dr Leen Ritmeyer's Blog:

http://blog.ritmeyer.com/

Paleojudaica:

http://paleojudaica.blogspot.com/

Persepolis Fortification Archives:

http://persepolistablets.blogspot.com/

Archaeologist at Large:

http://spaces.msn.com/members/ArchaeologyinEgypt/
================================================================
ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME (AND CLASSICS)
================================================================
Much coverage of a number of Greco-Roman-era mummies at the Barhariya
Oasis:

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=125856924
http://www.monstersandcritics.com/science/features/article_1547857.php/In-Pictures-Egypt-Archeology-Bahariya-Oasis(photos)
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1265602/Mummy-tiny-wide-eyed-woman-discovered-Egyptian-oasis.html?ITO=1490
http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1848588/grecoroman_tombs_discovered_in_egypt/index.html?source=r_science
http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/100415/science/science_ml_egypt_antiquities_9
http://www.nypost.com/p/news/international/egyptians_find_ancient_tombs_Ox66HhtxuFp7ZOBq1GzauK?CMP=OTC-rss&FEEDNAME=
http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/science/04/13/mummy.egypt/
http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory?id=10351345
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jEqtQwikRkrkg6EE6hed0tDKgjaA
http://news.discovery.com/archaeology/roman-era-mummy-uncovered-in-egypt-oasis.html

Athens' Panathenaic Stadium is open to the public:

http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/318944,ancient-stadium-in-athens-opens-doors-to-public.html
http://www.nj.com/newsflash/index.ssf?/base/entertainment-18/1271350681230190.xml&storylist=entertainment

Walkers are damaging Hadrian's Wall:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/8616973.stm

Looking for evidence of Roman Lincoln:

http://www.thisislincolnshire.co.uk/news/Digging-city-s-past/article-2003513-detail/article.html

A British research ship accidentally found a pile of Roman pots
off the coast of Italy:

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1265668/Hundreds-rare-Roman-pots-accidentally-uncovered-seabed-British-research-ship.html

Interesting project looking at art in the Roman provinces:

http://www.browndailyherald.com/art-historians-dig-into-movable-feast-1.2224777

Plans to cash in on Tios' ancient theatre:

http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/news-207540-132-expat-voice-black-seas-single-ancient-theater-to-draw-in-tourism.html

Pondering the origins of the marathon:

http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/features/x53546719/The-original-marathon-and-its-connection-to-Hopkinton

Interesting Ibero-Celtic helmet from a recent auction:

http://www.paulfrasercollectibles.com/section.asp?catid=77&docid=2732

What Francesca D'Alessandro Behr is up to:

http://thedailycougar.com/2010/04/15/professor-gives-insight-into-historical-figure/

Nice interview with Matt Roller:

http://media.www.jhunewsletter.com/media/storage/paper932/news/2010/04/15/NewsFeatures/Things.Ive.Learned.With.Matt.Roller-3908130.shtml

Charlotte Higgins on Clash of the Titans:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/charlottehigginsblog/2010/apr/12/clash-titans-classics

There's a miniseries based on Robert Harris' Pompeii in the works:

http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/robert-harriss-pompeii-to-get-a-ridley-scott-adaptation-1943727.html
http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118017554.html?categoryid=14&cs=1&ref=bd_tv
http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=27571

Roman lead is going to be used in neutrino research:

http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100415/full/news.2010.186.html
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=roman-ingots-to-shield-detector
http://www.physorg.com/news190646406.html

Review of Richard Stoneman, *Alexander the Great*:

http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/alexander-the-great-a-life-in-legend-by-richard-stoneman-1945731.html

Review of V.D. Hansen (ed.), *Makers of Ancient Strategy*:

http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/apr/16/book-review-makers-of-ancient-strategy/

Review of David Breeze, *The Antonine Wall*:

http://www.strategypage.com/bookreviews/468.asp

Review of John Bainville, *The Infinities*:

http://www.edmontonjournal.com/Eavesdropping+suffering+mortals+with+some+human+gods/2921144/story.html

Latest reviews from Scholia:

http://www.classics.ukzn.ac.za/reviews/

Latest reviews from BMCR:

http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/recent.html

Visit our blog:

http://rogueclassicism.com/
================================================================
EUROPE AND THE UK (+ Ireland)
================================================================
Some 300 years b.p. shoes found during castle wall restoration
in Germany:

http://www.thelocal.de/society/20100413-26503.html

Not sure if we've mentioned this silver-crucifix-from-Gloucestershire
find yet:

http://www.wiltsglosstandard.co.uk/news/5075753.Silver_crucifix_found_in_Gloucestershire_declared_treasure/

A mysterious 'chapel' underneath a home in Shropshire:

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1263965/Family-discover-ancient-chapel-hidden-house-100-years.html

Archaeology in Europe Blog:

http://www.archaeology.eu.com/weblog/index.html
================================================================
ASIA AND THE SOUTH PACIFIC
================================================================
[no Asian stories this week?]

Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsblog:

http://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/

New Zealand Archaeology eNews:

http://www.nzarchaeology.org/netsubnews.htm
================================================================
NORTH AMERICA
================================================================
Paleoindians adapted to changing climate:

http://www.physorg.com/news190288067.html
http://www.springer.com/about+springer/media/springer+select?SGWID=0-11001-6-900322-0

... while Native Americans appear to have had a much larger
carbon footprint than previously thought:

http://www.physorg.com/news190561417.html

Digging at Monticello:

http://www.idsnews.com/news/story.aspx?id=75189

No evidence of Donner Party cannibalism:

http://news.discovery.com/history/donner-party-cannibalism.html
http://www.news.appstate.edu/2010/04/15/cannibalism-donner/

More on the demise of megafauna:

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-04/uoa-amh040910.php

Review of Leo Damrosch, *Tocqueville's Discovery of America*:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/books/review/Reynolds-t.html
================================================================
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA
================================================================
Feature on Arturo Pascual's work at El Tajin:

http://thedailycougar.com/2010/04/14/study-gives-insight-to-mayan-culture/

Study of the sorts of thing Classic Maya embedded in their homes:

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-04/uoia-cmh041410.php
http://www.physorg.com/news190466011.html

Some revisionism in regards to indigenous Patagonian societies:

http://www.physorg.com/news190373658.html

More coverage of that Purepecha urban centre find:

http://www.latimes.com/news/science/environment/la-sci-mexico13-2010apr13,0,2496280.story?track=rss
http://www.physorg.com/news190490832.html

More on arsenic-laden mummies from Chile:

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/04/100412-chile-oldest-mummies-poison-arsenic/

Mike Ruggeri's Ancient Americas Breaking News:

http://web.mac.com/michaelruggeri

Ancient MesoAmerica News:

http://ancient-mesoamerica-news-updates.blogspot.com/
================================================================
OTHER ITEMS OF INTEREST
================================================================
Very interesting column on archaeological involvement in military
situations:

http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php/site/article/8524/

A purloined Vermeer shows up on the Simpsons:

http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/12/heist-to-see-you-stolen-vermeer-resurfaces-on-the-simpsons/?ref=design

An interesting copy of *The Jungle Book* has turned up in the UK:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/12/books/12arts-ARAREJUNGLEB_BRF.html

Turin Shroud coverage:

http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,5466314,00.html
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8613258.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8615029.stm (authenticity)
http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/mathew_n_schmalz/2010/04/imagining_the_shroud_of_turin_1.html

Searching for the 'real' Robin Hood:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/apr/14/robin-hood-russell-crowe

Nice APOD of Venus and Mercury over Notre Dame:

http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap100412.html

Who won the Pulitzers:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/business/media/2010-Arts-Pulitzers.html

With a volcano in the news, folks might be interested in the
predecessor's history:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/uk_news/magazine/8624791.stm

Review of Claire Harman, *Jane's Fame*:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/books/review/Gee-t.html
================================================================
TOURISTY THINGS
================================================================
Greece:

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/36318440/ns/travel-active/
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/ricksteveseurope/2011593930_websteves13.html

Syria:

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/middleeast/syria/7590524/Syria-Feet-first-into-history.html
================================================================
BLOGS AND PODCASTS
================================================================
Robert Cargill's History of Jerusalem course on iTunes:

http://deimos3.apple.com/WebObjects/Core.woa/Browse/ucla-public.3421656258.03421656260

About.com Archaeology:

http://archaeology.about.com/

Archaeology Briefs:

http://archaeologybriefs.blogspot.com/

Naked Archaeology Podcast:

http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/podcasts/archaeology/

Taygete Atlantis excavations blogs aggregator:

http://planet.atlantides.org/taygete/

Time Machine:

http://heatherpringle.wordpress.com/
================================================================
CRIME BEAT
================================================================
A collection of pre-Hispanic artifacts seized by Mexican police
turns out to be primarily fakes:

http://www.artdaily.org/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=37492
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hYdU4_WSJc705nGBAFARRBZi_lxgD9F3RP780

Some diggers were arrested near Beit Shemesh:

http://www.jpost.com/ArtsAndCulture/Entertainment/Article.aspx?id=173094

A high-profile antiquities thief is being extradited to the US:

http://www.artdaily.org/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=37442

The Getty is appealing an Italian court's decision in regards to
the Fano Athlete:

http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Greek-bronze-will-stay-in-the-Getty-Villa%20/20504

Fallout from Robin Symes' activities has Italy angrey at the UK:

http://www.cbc.ca/arts/artdesign/story/2010/04/11/antiquities-italy-britain.html
http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2010/apr/11/robin-symes-italy-antiques-looted

Latest in the Utah case:

http://www.fox13now.com/news/local/kstu-judge-upholds-utah-man-artifacts-case,0,1533119.story?track=rss

... and a nice overview of the whole thing, in case you haven't been
following it:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/15/blanding-treasure-hunt-suicides-fbi

Indian police recovered an idol stolen last month in Lalitpur:

http://www.ptinews.com/news/607151_Ancient-idol-recovered--man-arrested

Looting Matters:

http://lootingmatters.blogspot.com/
================================================================
NUMISMATICA
================================================================
Some metal detectorists in Yorkshire have come across a major
12th century hoard:

http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Treasure-hunters-strike-gold-with.6228858.jp
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1266289/Treasure-hunters-strike-silver-huge-hoard-12th-century-coins.html
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/north_yorkshire/8620394.stm

Latest eSylum newsletter:

http://www.coinbooks.org/club_nbs_esylum_v13n15.html

Ancient Coin Collecting:

http://ancientcoincollecting.blogspot.com/

Ancient Coins:

http://classicalcoins.blogspot.com/

Coin Link:

http://www.coinlink.com/News/
================================================================
EXHIBITIONS, AUCTIONS, AND MUSEUM-RELATED
================================================================
Devotion and Ritual:

http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/arts/public-works-bronze-statuette-of-harpocrates/story-e6frg8n6-1225853590538

Paul Sandby:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/17/arts/17iht-melik17.html

Reunited Masterpieces:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/11/nyregion/11artct.html

49 Cities:

http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/04/13/DD7H1CR1KC.DTL

Audubon:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/16/travel/16audubon.html

A History of the World (BM)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/explorerflash/

Attendance at Greek Museums is way up:

http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ipm5hVpxZjuD8QZbYG9puLWA9K7Q

Egypt has signed an agreement with Switzerland in relation to
recovering antiquities:

http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=102148&code=Ne8&category=1

The British Museum has some correcting to do:

http://www.essexcountystandard.co.uk/news/8101963.Colchester__British_Museum_to_correct_Roman_Circus_slip_up/

The Smithsonian now has a director of education:

http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/smithsonian-names-director-of-education

Iran apparently wants compensation in the Cyrus Cylinder saga:

http://www.payvand.com/news/10/apr/1166.html
http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=217775

The Lewis Chessmen are going on display in Scotland:

http://www.culture24.org.uk/history+%2526+heritage/art77720

Real life 'nights at the museum':

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/arts/design/18sfculture.html

The Bosworth battle gallery will soon be opening:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/leicestershire/8621499.stm

Assorted antiques items of interest:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/16/arts/design/16antiques.html

Record price for a Titanic letter:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/8628056.stm
================================================================
PERFORMANCES AND THEATRE-RELATED
================================================================
An Iliad:

http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thearts/2011615452_iliad16.html?syndication=rss

Drinking Party:

http://www.utulsa.edu/collegian/article.asp?article=4565

Folk Art by Female Hands:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/16/arts/design/16women.html

The White Guard:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/14/arts/14iht-lon14.html

Through African Eyes:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/16/arts/design/16african.html

Graphic Heroes, Magic Monsters:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/16/arts/design/16kuniyoshi.html

La Commedia:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/17/arts/music/17asko.html

Faust:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/12/arts/music/12faust.html

A 'manuscript' version of some Shumann pieces:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/arts/music/13hampson.html

America: The Story of US (TV):

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/arts/television/18story.html

Tom Sawyer:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/nyregion/18theaterct.html
================================================================
OBITUARIES
================================================================
Samuel M. Paley:

http://www.buffalonews.com/2010/04/15/1019998/samuel-m-paley-noted-archaeologist.html
================================================================
PODCASTS
================================================================
The Book and the Spade:

http://www.radioscribe.com/bknspade.htm

The Dig:

http://www.thedigradio.com/

Stone Pages Archaeology News:

http://news.stonepages.com/

Archaeologica Audio News:

http://www.archaeologychannel.org/AudioNews.asp
================================================================
EXPLORATOR is a weekly newsletter representing the fruits of
the labours of 'media research division' of The Atrium. Various
on-line news and magazine sources are scoured for news of the
ancient world (broadly construed: practically anything relating
to archaeology or history prior to about 1700 or so is fair
game) and every Sunday they are delivered to your mailbox free of
charge!
================================================================
Useful Addresses
================================================================
Past issues of Explorator are available on the web via our
Yahoo site:

http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Explorator/

To subscribe to Explorator, send a blank email message to:

Explorator-subscribe@yahoogroups.com

To unsubscribe, send a blank email message to:

Explorator-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com

To send a 'heads up' to the editor or contact him for other
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================================================================
Explorator is Copyright (c) 2010 David Meadows. Feel free to
distribute these listings via email to your pals, students,
teachers, etc., but please include this copyright notice. These
links are not to be posted to any website by any means (whether
by direct posting or snagging from a usenet group or some other
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making use of content gathered in Explorator. Thanks!
================================================================

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]






[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75639 From: Maxima Valeria Messallina Date: 2010-04-18
Subject: OT: Translator Needed
Salvete,
 
I need someone who is fluent in both English and Spanish to help me translate some religious and historical papers I have from English into Spanish. I have been doing it myself, but because I will be moving in the coming month, I could use some help. If anyone is interested who can help me with this, please contact me privately.
Thank you very much.
 
Valete bene,
 
Maxima Valeria Messallina
Sacerdos Vestalis




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75640 From: L. Livia Plauta Date: 2010-04-18
Subject: Re: Convivium in New Jersey
Salve Vedi,
a laudable initiative!
It's really weird, but pleasant, to see a founder who had been AWOL for
years suddenly becoming so active.

I hope you all have a lot of fun at your convivium!

Optime vale,
Livia


> Salvete!
>
> I posted about this on the Mediatlantica email list a few weeks ago, but
> I figure there might be some cives who live in or around New Jersey
> (USA) who aren't subscribers to the list.
>
> I intend to host a convivium at my home in the next month or two, try
> out some Roman recipes, and generally have some fun. If anyone in
> traveling distance of northern New Jersey is interested, please let me
> know and I will keep you posted on the specifics. So far we've got about
> a half-dozen folks who've said they'll be coming.
>
> I firmly believe face-to-face events have got to become the heart and
> soul of Nova Roma. This is my modest way of putting my money where my
> mouth is, so to speak. And most specifically, folks who might feel they
> wouldn't be welcome at such an event (Cato, I'm looking at you) are most
> especially invited. Looking someone in the eyes and sharing a meal or a
> drink can maybe make us think twice when writing a harsh email. And I
> think we can all agree that's all for the better.
>
> Interested? Email me!
>
> Valete,
>
> Flavius Vedius Germanicus
> Pater Patriae
>
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75641 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2010-04-18
Subject: Re: a. d. XIV Kalendas Maias: The Indigitamenta of Ceres
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica C. Petronio Dextro quiritibus bonae voluntatis S.P.D.
>
>
>
> C. Petronius A. Tulliae Scholasticae s.p.d.,
>
>> > Felices natalis Tullia Scholastica !
>
> Et ego tibi, Scholasticae, felicem faustumque natalem imprecor...
>
> ATS: Gratias quam plurimas! Sed ubi sit exemplar epistulae ex qua haec
> desecuisti et agglutinasti? I did not receive it in my box, and, for that
> matter, have not received anything from the ML in several hours. Yahoo has
> missed some posts of late, but is it completely on strike, at least as far as
> the ML is concerned?
>
>> > LUDI CEREALES
>
> ... sed noli triticeis floccis abuti! ;o)
>
> Fortasse errans, ex Anglico "corn flakes" in Latinum "triticeos floccos"
> verti.
>
> ATS: Et ubi sint ludi Cereales? Habentur quoque apud Cygni X-1, quo
> Yahoo nonnullas epistulas mittit?
>
> Optime vale.
>
> C. Petronius Dexter
> Arcoiali scribebat
> a.d. XIV Kalendas Maias P. Memmio K. Fabio II coss.

Vale, et valete.
>
>
>




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75642 From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher Date: 2010-04-18
Subject: Wiki Fix Please
Salvete



Could one of the wiki editors please fix the "photo of the day". It seems it has been stuck on my picture of the "Modern grave marker of an unknown Roman girl, London." for some time now.



Also, I uploaded some public domain pictures and art work some time ago. Can they please be added to the mix.



Thanks



Valete,



Ti. Galerius Paulinus


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75643 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: a. d. XIII Kalendas Maias: CEREALIA
M. Moravius Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Dea Ceres vos porrigat opitula.

Hodie est ante diem XIII Kalendas Maias; haec dies nefastus publica est: CEREALIA

"Before all else, worship the Gods, and to great Ceres pay Her annual due upon the happy sward with sacrifice, at the utmost end of winter, when spring begins to smile. Then are the lambs fat, and the wines most mellow, then is sleep sweet, and dark the shadows fall upon the mountains. Let your rustic youth do obedience to Ceres, one and all; and for Her pleasure mix honeycombs in milk, and offer Liber's ripe produce. Thrice for luck around the young grain let the offerings travel, and all the choir, a joyful company, attend it, and with shouts bid Ceres come to be their house-mate. Let no man dare put sickle to ripened ears until, with woven oak his temples wreath, he foot the rugged dance and chant the lay." ~ P. Vergilius Maro, Eclogues I.338-350


CEREALIA

The final day of the Ludi Cereales was celebrated with twenty-four chariot races in the Circus Maximus, and a rather curious tradition. Ovid mentions how firebrands were tied to the tails of foxes before they were unleashed. He tells us a folktale to explain the practice, but it isn't clear whether he implied that this rite was made at the Circus itself during these races, or just at Carseoli where an ancient law had a single fox set ablaze as a warning to other foxes to stay away.

The Cerealia celebrates the dedication of the Temple of Ceres, Liber, and Libera on the Aventine Hill. This temple was first vowed in 496 BCE at the recommendation of the Sibylline Oracles in response to a famine of that year. The famine also encouraged Rome's enemies and thus armies were raised to fight the Aequii, Volscians, and Sabines. The famine and the wars placed an extra burden on the small farmers who made up the army. They fell into debt and this created a financial crisis. The plebeians were threatening not to respond when next they were called to the legions if they were not granted some relief.


AUC 259 / 494 BCE: The First Secession of the Plebeians to the Mons Sacer.

The Dictator Valerius had proposed an agrarian law to give them relief, but the Senate reject it and instead ordered the army to assemble again as a way of controlling the plebeians.

"This step brought the revolution to a head. It is said that the first idea was to put the consuls to death that the men might be discharged from their oath; then, on learning that no religious obligation could be dissolved by a crime, they decided, at the instigation of a certain Sicinius, to ignore the consuls and withdraw to the Sacred Mount, which lay on the other side of the Anio, three miles from the City. This is a more generally accepted tradition than the one adopted by Piso that the secession was made to the Aventine. There, without any commander in a regularly entrenched camp, taking nothing with them but the necessaries of life, they quietly maintained themselves for some days, neither receiving nor giving any provocation. A great panic seized the City, mutual distrust led to a state of universal suspense. Those plebeians who had been left by their comrades in the City feared violence from the patricians; the patricians feared the plebeians who still remained in the City, and could not make up their minds whether they would rather have them go or stay. "How long," it was asked, "would the multitude who had seceded remain quiet? What would happen if a foreign war broke out in the meantime?" They felt that all their hopes rested on concord amongst the citizens, and that this must be restored at any cost.

"The senate decided, therefore, to send as their spokesman Menenius Agrippa, an eloquent man, and acceptable to the plebs as being himself of plebeian origin. He was admitted into the camp, and it is reported that he simply told them the following fable in primitive and uncouth fashion. "In the days when all the parts of the human body were not as now agreeing together, but each member took its own course and spoke its own speech, the other members, indignant at seeing that everything acquired by their care and labor and ministry went to the belly, whilst it, undisturbed in the middle of them all, did nothing but enjoy the pleasures provided for it, entered into a conspiracy; the hands were not to bring food to the mouth, the mouth was not to accept it when offered, the teeth were not to masticate it. Whilst, in their resentment, they were anxious to coerce the belly by starving it, the members themselves wasted away, and the whole body was reduced to the last stage of exhaustion. Then it became evident that the belly rendered no idle service, and the nourishment it received was no greater than that which it bestowed by returning to all parts of the body this blood by which we live and are strong, equally distributed into the veins, after being matured by the digestion of the food." By using this comparison, and showing how the internal disaffection amongst the parts of the body resembled the animosity of the plebeians against the patricians, he succeeded in winning over his audience.

"Negotiations were then entered upon for a reconciliation. An agreement was arrived at, the terms being that the plebs should have its own magistrates, whose persons were to be inviolable, and who should have the right of affording protection against the consuls. And further, no patrician should be allowed to hold that office. Two "tribunes of the plebs" were elected, C. Licinius and L. Albinus. These chose three colleagues. It is generally agreed that Sicinius, the instigator of the secession, was amongst them, but who the other two were is not settled. Some say that only two tribunes were created on the Sacred Hill and that it was there that the lex sacrata was passed." ~ Titus Livius 2.32-33


AUC 260 / 493 BCE: Dedication of the plebeian Temple of Ceres, Liber, and Libera on the Aventine Hill.

In this atmosphere of the plebeians winning their rights through peaceful protest, the Temple of Ceres was dedicated in an area of the City reserved for the plebeians. The temple officers, the aedui or aediles, thus became officers of the plebeians. The plebeian aediles kept the plebeian funds raised from fines imposed by the tribunes. They kept a repository of all Roman laws and every senate decree. The temple also served as a distribution center of grain under the watchful aediles plebis. The tribune plebis were not so connected to the temple. The house of each tribune served instead as a plebeian center, and it eventually became a normal practice for the plebeians to gather at the Capitolium rather than at the Aventine Temple of Ceres. Her temple was a social center for the Aventine plebeians and not so much their a political center.

"During the secession of the plebs Sp. Cassius and Postumius Cominius entered on their consulship. . . In the same year Agrippa Menenius died, a man who all through his life was equally beloved by the patricians and the plebeians, and made himself still more endeared to the plebeians after their secession. Yet he, the negotiator and arbitrator of the reconciliation, who acted as the ambassador of the patricians to the plebs, and brought them back to the City, did not possess money enough to defray the cost of his funeral. He was interred by the plebeians, each man contributing a sextans towards the expense." ~ Titus Livius 2.33


The Trias of Ceres, Liber, and Libera

"O Ceres and Libera, whose sacred worship, as the opinions and religious belief of all men agree, is contained in the most important and most abstruse mysteries; You, by whom the principles of life and food, the examples of laws, customs, humanity, and refinement are said to have been given and distributed to nations and to cities; You, whose sacred rites the Roman people has received from the Greeks and adopted, and now preserves with such religious awe, both publicly and privately, that they seem not to have been introduced from other nations, but rather to have been transmitted from hence to other nations. You, again and again I implore and appeal to, most holy Goddesses, who dwell around those lakes and groves of Enna, and who preside over all Sicily,Â… You whose invention and gift of corn, which You have distributed over the whole earth, inspires all nations and all races of men with reverence for Your divine power; - and all the other Gods, and all the Goddesses, do I implore and entreat." ~ M. Tullius Cicero In C. Verrem IV.72. 187-8

By the Late Republic when we hear about Ceres and the Aventine temple, Greek Demeter had been assimilated to Her as with Cicero above, Campanian artists, influenced by Greeks, had decorated Her temple, and Greek-influenced rites had been imported from Campania as well. The Ludi Cereales were an innovation and they had served to introduce Rome to many more innovations in the performing arts. This makes it extremely difficult to recognize the original trias of Ceres, Liber, and Libera. That Ceres is an original Italic deity is unquestioned. Throughout the Italic tribes Ceres and Jupiter were the primary deities. Juno was unknown among the Italic tribes and it was Ceres Iovila who was Jupiter's consort. Liber, the God of wine, would seem to have been Jupiter. Liber was not identified with Greek Dionysius until around 187 BCE where as the much older celebrations of the Vinalia were dedicated to Jupiter. In the Late Republic both Liber and Libera were sometimes identified as the children (liberi) of Ceres. Over time Libera was certainly seen as the daughter of Ceres and became identified with Proserpina. In Greek myth Persephone was the daughter of Jupiter and Ceres, and if therefore Libera was identified with Persephone this reinforces the notion that the plebeian trias reflected the Capitolium trias of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. At Rome Ceres remained primarily a Goddess of grain, where Her other attributes among the Italic tribes seem in several instances to have passed on to Juno Capitolia. Jupiter, too, became further distanced from Liber. Minerva had originally been a domestic Goddess and remained closely associated with weaving and other household chores as a daughter of Jupiter and Ceres might have been, but under Greek influence Her earlier character was, for the most part, lost. Although difficult due to the available sources remaining today, it may be better to see the Aventine trias in light of being a plebeian cultus for the Capitoline trias. There is not exactly a one to one correspondence so we can never know if this had been the case at one time. But the division of Rome in the early fifth century into two states, one patrician and one plebeian, as well as the division of the religio Romana into the sacra publica of the patrician cultus Deorum and the sacra publica of the plebeians centered around the Temple of Ceres, reflecting one another while remaining distinctly different, does place the Aventine trias into a relationship with the Capitoline trias.


Today's thought comes from Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Skepticism 3.171-172:

"In one sense, they say, that by which something can be benefited is good – this is the principle good, and it is virtue. In another sense, that is good by which something is benefited in virtue of it – e. g. Virtue and actions in accordance with virtue. In the third sense, that which can benefit is good – this, too, is virtue and action in accordance with virtue, but also virtuous people and friends, and Gods and virtuous spirits. . . Others say that good is what is chosen for its own sake, yet others that it is what contributes to happiness or helps fill it. Happiness, so the Stoics say, is a prosperous flow of life."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75644 From: Maxima Valeria Messallina Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Consul Albucius' Comments
Maxima Valeria Messallina ominbus S.P.D.
 
After finally shifting through all of Consul Albucius' comments regarding the results of the voting on his five proposals, I am impelled to make my own points.
 
 
1st comment: with regard to Consul's belief in a "weak participation" - really? It seemed to me that the proposals unleashed a flurry of activity than is normally not seen. It even brought about the creation of a whole new list. In my opinion, participation was stronger than normal, and that includes the voting, too.
 
 
2nd comment: with regard to the "severe conservative rule which requires in every century that there is at least a one vote majority in favor of the vote" - well, that's how it works. Majority rules. If it doesn't have the majority, it doesn't pass. I have to wonder if this comment would have been made had a majority been in favor of even one of the Consul's proposals.
 
 
3rd comment: I don't think the failure of the proposal regarding the entrance date of the Tribunes into office was the result of a "global negative mood", whatever that may mean (and I won't go there), but rather because of the wording of said proposal. Since the Tribunes are going to take this up, themselves, there is no need for Consul Albucius to consider another proposal on this issue, thank you very much.
 
 
4th comment: with regard to "for the question is then knowing how to better up the communication between the governments and these citizens. And this question is not a so easy one to treat."
Au contraire! Consul Albucius can start improving communications with Citizens by not rushing proposals at them without giving Citizens the necessary time to discuss his proposals. Since this point was made repeatedly to him on the ML, let me also add that actually listening to Citizens is another way to better communications.
 
 
5th comment: Wow, this was almost unbelievable to read.
So, now we are "schizophrenic", are we? I don't think so, but we probably all got a collective pounding headache trying to get Consul Albucius to listen to us. 
Consul states, "What happened?" Well, let me tell the Citizens "what happened".
The Tribunes of the Plebs watch the Senate sessions as observers (we cannot post to the list) and therefore, we have noticed the "Rush-It-Through" method of Consul Albucius.
In looking over past Senate sessions, most seem to follow the format of anywhere from six to ten days for discussion, three to four days for voting and from two to five items per agenda, to be discussed and/or discussed and voted on. This format varies depending on the agenda presented by the presiding consul.
Looking at the January 2010 session, the first with Consul Albucius presiding, there were six days for discussion, two days for voting, on seven items three of which required voting in addition to discussion. The Consul gave only so much time for discussion on each item and then closed the discussion down and moved on. The session was done in "real time", which meant everyone had to be present when the session started (which for me, as the reporting Tribune, meant being awake and ready to observe at 4 a.m. my time). So if someone could not make it to the discussion on a certain item at the prescribed time, he or she could not comment on the item.
The February 2010 session, with Consul Quintilianus presiding, featured two items that both required voting. There was a period of six days for discussion and three days for voting and there was no time limit on discussion per item.
However, the March 2010 session had six days for discussion, two days for voting, on 15 items (!), six of which required voting as well as discussion. A request to extend the discussion time was ignored. There were technical difficulties during the session, too, but no additional time was given to compensate for that. Thus I find Consul Albucius' comment that he was deprived of the Senators' "useful advices and informations" almost laughable.
If you're going to triple the items on an agenda, perhaps also tripling the discussion time and the voting time would leave the Consul feeling, shall we say, less deprived? That "deep silence" Consul Albucius imagined hearing was not due to the Senators' inability to speak up (cause they certainly do!), but rather to the lack of time sufficient for them to discuss all the items the Consul threw at them. 
As the saying goes, less is sometimes more. Less items per agenda, more time for discussion and voting, and I am certain the Consul will receive plenty of advice and information from the Senate.
And as I kept asking Consul Albucius over and over again, what's the rush?
 
 
6th comment: with regard to the new "political sensitivities", the appearance of which seems to have baffled our Consul - perhaps that is because he insists on erroneously dividing these two "new" groups into those which "supported" him and those "who considered that the proposals were beyond the limits of their personal commitment towards the consuls".
I guess he was genuinely shocked to see so many Nova Romans were actually and personally committed to Nova Roma first and foremost before any one individual and that we don't follow blindly along when we see someone striking at the very heart and soul of Nova Roma. Yep, that really seems to have taken him aback. Well, now he knows.
And as for his comment, "So, beyond the difference appeared last year between the majority and the opposition has thus appeared a new distinction whose nature and limits will need more time to be better defined".
Let me save the Consul some time and define it for him. They're called REAL Nova Romans.
 
 
7th comment: with regard to "underestimating the differences of cultures" and that "such differences would drive both groups not being able to simply understand each other's words" - well, if Consul Albucius is so concerned with understanding the words, why not have a native English speaker with good writing skills to help him instead of insisting he do it all, himself, since he is not a native English speaker?
In my opinion, it had nothing to do with different cultures; it had to do with poorly written and rushed proposals without benefit of thorough discussion, just like in the last Senate session.
Trying to rush things past everyone so that no one has time to really think on them and review them thorougly is not going to work - that is the message the Citizens sent loud and clear by voting down all five of the Consul's proposals. And I dare say that any future attempts to do the same thing again by Consul Albucius will be just as equally defeated by the Citizens of Nova Roma.
As for his comment: "It was, said in another way, to check whether the majority and good will people could trust the presiding consul and, even if some details may ask question, just confirms a confidence that every leader of every majority is to expect from her/his party or supporting coalition."
To which I shall reply: 

Dear Consul Albucius,
The "big" misunderstanding is all on your part and that may have a lot to do with NOT listening to what the Citizens, regardless of their personal politicial beliefs, were repeatedly telling you.
And how can they trust a consul who accuses them of "deceiving" him?
What your comments, all seven of them, confirmed for us is that you still have not heard a word we have said and that is disheartening.
It says to us that you have your own agenda that has nothing to do with why some of us voted for you and what we were led to expect from you. Promises made and then broken do not inspire trust, Consul. Shadiness and trying to rush things past us is not going to inspire trust, either.
And, as one of our Founders has already stated, blaming everyone and everything rather than taking a good, hard look at what you are doing, is not going to bring back the trust we once had in you.
 
How can I get you to understand? Yes, changes have to be made, but striking at the very heart and soul of Nova Roma is not the way to do it. Period. 
 
 
Maxima Valeria Messallina




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75645 From: lord Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Video in Honor to Religio Romana
Salvete,

This video was make in honor to Religio Romana:


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnGwMh_VUm0

I hope that all you like it.

Honorius Ambrosius.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75646 From: lord Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Video in Honor to Religio Romana
Salvete,

This video was make in honor to Religio Romana:


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnGwMh_VUm0

I hope that all you like it.

Honorius Ambrosius.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75647 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: It's that time again...
A. Tullia Scholastica quiritibus, sociis, peregrinisque bonae voluntatis
S.P.D.

It¹s that time again; as classes are winding down, but before college
and school examinations are looming and vacation is on the minds of many, it
is time to contemplate next year¹s school year. As many here are well
aware, we offer free Latin classes to the yearning masses, using two
different methods of instruction. The first is a very traditional one
employing the popular Wheelock text, and is mostly geared to reading Latin;
the other is a more modern assimilation method using the Desessard Assimil
text, and chiefly oriented toward obtaining spoken and written fluency in
Latin. For those who are unaware of such matters, I would point out that
many people today do indeed speak Latin, meeting one another for lunch or
dinner along with Latin conversation and conducting conventions and
conventicula (Latin immersion sessions, mostly for learners) as well as
meeting under other circumstances. There is an external mailing list
entirely in Latin, and largely populated by the best Latinists in the world,
as well as one here in Nova Roma, so that those who have the time and talent
can communicate with one another in Latin, and of course several of us here
communicate in Latin in less restricted venues, just as some do so in
assorted national languages.

Especially in a Roman-oriented organization, knowledge of Latin is
highly beneficial, particularly for those who practice the Religio Romana,
so I encourage those on this list to contemplate taking our courses. The
traditional-method Grammatica Latina I course, which uses the Wheelock text,
will begin in early September and the divided first semester will run until
winter break in December; the second semester will begin in January and run
until early May. The current introductory class is working on its final
examination, and cannot be entered at this point, but within about a month
we should be able to accept new registrations. The text, Wheelock¹s Latin,
sixth edition, by Frederic Wheelock and revised by Richard LaFleur, is
commonly available in US college bookstores and perhaps some larger urban
ones at a fairly nominal price (around $20-25, if I am not mistaken),
whereas the Assimil one for the Sermo Latinus courses is much more difficult
to obtain and far more expensive. However, one version of the Assimil text
can be downloaded from the net by those with the relevant expertise and
speedy connection; one must be careful with any attempts to purchase the
text from booksellers as they will try to foist off the markedly inferior
new Assimil on any purchasers. The Wheelock text is English-only, but
Assimil is bilingual in either French / Latin or Italian / Latin. The
French version is out of print and is the one available online. The Assimil
text has been translated into both English and Spanish for the use of
students, several of whom appear to be monolingual Spanish speakers; the
course itself is taught in both English and Spanish, but I understand enough
French that I can manage some of that if need be in either Grammatica or
Sermo.

To summarize, we teach Grammatica Latina I and II, a traditional method
based on the Wheelock text, whose introductory course should begin in early
September, and Sermo Latinus I, Sermo Latinus II, and an accelerated
combined Sermo Latinus I & II course; all use the Assimil text written by
Clément Desessard, geared to producing fluency in Latin. We anticipate
starting the combined class in mid-September, and the others around the
equinox. None of the courses can be entered at present, but Grammatica I
and possibly Sermo I may be entered in about three or four weeks. All
students MUST have the text in hand before being allowed to register, so
early warning is necessary. There are no other prerequisites, though some
acquaintance with Latin, even if long ago, is helpful, especially for the
Sermo courses.

We look forward to seeing you in the (northern hemisphere) Fall. These
courses are not a pushover; work is involved and prospective students must
allocate plenty of time for study and mandatory homework...but even my
Grammatica I students could write simple free compositions in Latin, and the
intermediate ones did much better at a difficult exercise of that sort. The
Sermo ones learn to do similar exercises, and in fact can communicate in
Latin after the middle of the two-year course. Those who stick with this
will actually learn to read, even write and speak, Latin. You may see the
results here among Lentulus and Cordus and myself, inter alios.

Macte virtúte!


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75648 From: luciaiuliaaquila Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Re: a. d. XIV Kalendas Maias: The Indigitamenta of Ceres
Iulia Magistrae S.P.D.

Albeit belated, many happy birthday wishes to you my beloved amica!

Cura ut valeas,

Julia

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "A. Tullia Scholastica" <fororom@...> wrote:
>
> >
> > A. Tullia Scholastica C. Petronio Dextro quiritibus bonae voluntatis S.P.D.
> >
> >
> >
> > C. Petronius A. Tulliae Scholasticae s.p.d.,
> >
> >> > Felices natalis Tullia Scholastica !
> >
> > Et ego tibi, Scholasticae, felicem faustumque natalem imprecor...
> >
> > ATS: Gratias quam plurimas! Sed ubi sit exemplar epistulae ex qua haec
> > desecuisti et agglutinasti? I did not receive it in my box, and, for that
> > matter, have not received anything from the ML in several hours. Yahoo has
> > missed some posts of late, but is it completely on strike, at least as far as
> > the ML is concerned?
> >
> >> > LUDI CEREALES
> >
> > ... sed noli triticeis floccis abuti! ;o)
> >
> > Fortasse errans, ex Anglico "corn flakes" in Latinum "triticeos floccos"
> > verti.
> >
> > ATS: Et ubi sint ludi Cereales? Habentur quoque apud Cygni X-1, quo
> > Yahoo nonnullas epistulas mittit?
> >
> > Optime vale.
> >
> > C. Petronius Dexter
> > Arcoiali scribebat
> > a.d. XIV Kalendas Maias P. Memmio K. Fabio II coss.
>
> Vale, et valete.
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75649 From: publiusalbucius Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Messallina's comments
Messallinae s.d.

I will not over-comment on your late comments.

I announced in January my intentions and positions, and what were in my view our emergencies, and to deal with them. I have proposed about them, from January-February on, working tracks and a working method.

Contrary to what you consider, I think that we will not have much time to deal with these emergencies, and with the other points that would be worthy to work on (for dealing with the emergencies do not normally prevent working on the rest). A year term is very short. Naturally, other consuls will come after me, but you will understand that my preoccupation will stay in the frame of this year.

As you say, good working relations are about trust. I do not understand what you mean about "promises made and broken", for I have constantly held my commitments, as I have constantly well expressed these commitments. But what I am sure of, is that a consul needs to rely on her/his majority.

Probably here is one of our misunderstandings, Messallina. I may understand the frustration of some of our citizens, but the consuls cannot be asked at the same time to work together in the same rythm and help NR forward, and at the same time consulting with every one on every point of their action, considering that they are not few.
I do live it since January: the more we consuls discuss, the less we go forward; and the contrary.
The key thing is naturally to find the best balance between both needs. But we need that everybody plays her/his role: the consuls are to lead the governmental action, the majority to support it politically, the tribunes watch that no unconstitutionality be done nor the rights of the Plebs ignored, and the Senate controls, impulses and supports.

Last, on the language, I am still ready to take in due consideration every advice which may objectively improve our consular texts, specially on the English writing.

Vale,


Albucius cos.



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Maxima Valeria Messallina <maximavaleriamessallina@...> wrote:

> Maxima Valeria Messallina ominbus S.P.D.
>  
> After finally shifting through all of Consul Albucius' comments regarding the results of the voting on his five proposals, I am impelled to make my own points.
>  
>  
> 1st comment: with regard to Consul's belief in a "weak participation" - really? It seemed to me that the proposals unleashed a flurry of activity than is normally not seen. It even brought about the creation of a whole new list. In my opinion, participation was stronger than normal, and that includes the voting, too.
>  
>  
> 2nd comment: with regard to the "severe conservative rule which requires in every century that there is at least a one vote majority in favor of the vote" - well, that's how it works. Majority rules. If it doesn't have the majority, it doesn't pass. I have to wonder if this comment would have been made had a majority been in favor of even one of the Consul's proposals.
>  
>  
> 3rd comment: I don't think the failure of the proposal regarding the entrance date of the Tribunes into office was the result of a "global negative mood", whatever that may mean (and I won't go there), but rather because of the wording of said proposal. Since the Tribunes are going to take this up, themselves, there is no need for Consul Albucius to consider another proposal on this issue, thank you very much.
>  
>  
> 4th comment: with regard to "for the question is then knowing how to better up the communication between the governments and these citizens. And this question is not a so easy one to treat."
> Au contraire! Consul Albucius can start improving communications with Citizens by not rushing proposals at them without giving Citizens the necessary time to discuss his proposals. Since this point was made repeatedly to him on the ML, let me also add that actually listening to Citizens is another way to better communications.
>  
>  
> 5th comment: Wow, this was almost unbelievable to read.
> So, now we are "schizophrenic", are we? I don't think so, but we probably all got a collective pounding headache trying to get Consul Albucius to listen to us. 
> Consul states, "What happened?" Well, let me tell the Citizens "what happened".
> The Tribunes of the Plebs watch the Senate sessions as observers (we cannot post to the list) and therefore, we have noticed the "Rush-It-Through" method of Consul Albucius.
> In looking over past Senate sessions, most seem to follow the format of anywhere from six to ten days for discussion, three to four days for voting and from two to five items per agenda, to be discussed and/or discussed and voted on. This format varies depending on the agenda presented by the presiding consul.
> Looking at the January 2010 session, the first with Consul Albucius presiding, there were six days for discussion, two days for voting, on seven items three of which required voting in addition to discussion. The Consul gave only so much time for discussion on each item and then closed the discussion down and moved on. The session was done in "real time", which meant everyone had to be present when the session started (which for me, as the reporting Tribune, meant being awake and ready to observe at 4 a.m. my time). So if someone could not make it to the discussion on a certain item at the prescribed time, he or she could not comment on the item.
> The February 2010 session, with Consul Quintilianus presiding, featured two items that both required voting. There was a period of six days for discussion and three days for voting and there was no time limit on discussion per item.
> However, the March 2010 session had six days for discussion, two days for voting, on 15 items (!), six of which required voting as well as discussion. A request to extend the discussion time was ignored. There were technical difficulties during the session, too, but no additional time was given to compensate for that. Thus I find Consul Albucius' comment that he was deprived of the Senators' "useful advices and informations" almost laughable.
> If you're going to triple the items on an agenda, perhaps also tripling the discussion time and the voting time would leave the Consul feeling, shall we say, less deprived? That "deep silence" Consul Albucius imagined hearing was not due to the Senators' inability to speak up (cause they certainly do!), but rather to the lack of time sufficient for them to discuss all the items the Consul threw at them. 
> As the saying goes, less is sometimes more. Less items per agenda, more time for discussion and voting, and I am certain the Consul will receive plenty of advice and information from the Senate.
> And as I kept asking Consul Albucius over and over again, what's the rush?
>  
>  
> 6th comment: with regard to the new "political sensitivities", the appearance of which seems to have baffled our Consul - perhaps that is because he insists on erroneously dividing these two "new" groups into those which "supported" him and those "who considered that the proposals were beyond the limits of their personal commitment towards the consuls".
> I guess he was genuinely shocked to see so many Nova Romans were actually and personally committed to Nova Roma first and foremost before any one individual and that we don't follow blindly along when we see someone striking at the very heart and soul of Nova Roma. Yep, that really seems to have taken him aback. Well, now he knows.
> And as for his comment, "So, beyond the difference appeared last year between the majority and the opposition has thus appeared a new distinction whose nature and limits will need more time to be better defined".
> Let me save the Consul some time and define it for him. They're called REAL Nova Romans.
>  
>  
> 7th comment: with regard to "underestimating the differences of cultures" and that "such differences would drive both groups not being able to simply understand each other's words" - well, if Consul Albucius is so concerned with understanding the words, why not have a native English speaker with good writing skills to help him instead of insisting he do it all, himself, since he is not a native English speaker?
> In my opinion, it had nothing to do with different cultures; it had to do with poorly written and rushed proposals without benefit of thorough discussion, just like in the last Senate session.
> Trying to rush things past everyone so that no one has time to really think on them and review them thorougly is not going to work - that is the message the Citizens sent loud and clear by voting down all five of the Consul's proposals. And I dare say that any future attempts to do the same thing again by Consul Albucius will be just as equally defeated by the Citizens of Nova Roma.
> As for his comment: "It was, said in another way, to check whether the majority and good will people could trust the presiding consul and, even if some details may ask question, just confirms a confidence that every leader of every majority is to expect from her/his party or supporting coalition."
> To which I shall reply: 
>
> Dear Consul Albucius,
> The "big" misunderstanding is all on your part and that may have a lot to do with NOT listening to what the Citizens, regardless of their personal politicial beliefs, were repeatedly telling you.
> And how can they trust a consul who accuses them of "deceiving" him?
> What your comments, all seven of them, confirmed for us is that you still have not heard a word we have said and that is disheartening.
> It says to us that you have your own agenda that has nothing to do with why some of us voted for you and what we were led to expect from you. Promises made and then broken do not inspire trust, Consul. Shadiness and trying to rush things past us is not going to inspire trust, either.
> And, as one of our Founders has already stated, blaming everyone and everything rather than taking a good, hard look at what you are doing, is not going to bring back the trust we once had in you.
>  
> How can I get you to understand? Yes, changes have to be made, but striking at the very heart and soul of Nova Roma is not the way to do it. Period. 
>  
>  
> Maxima Valeria Messallina
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75650 From: L. Livia Plauta Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Re: Video in Honor to Religio Romana
Salve Honori,
thank you. It has a really nice choice of images (and I' not saying because
I'm in it).

Optime vale,
Livia


----- Original Message -----
From: "lord" <grimmwotan@...>
To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Monday, April 19, 2010 10:29 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Video in Honor to Religio Romana


Salvete,

This video was make in honor to Religio Romana:


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnGwMh_VUm0

I hope that all you like it.

Honorius Ambrosius.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75651 From: Vedius Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Re: Convivium in New Jersey
Salve Livia Plauta,

AWOL? No, just quiet. I've been here, even posting on the list
(admittedly ever-so-occasionally). However, circumstances have led me to
the conclusion that a more active presence in Nova Roma is warranted,
and what better way than by setting an example?

Specifically, I would like folks to realize and remember that events
don't have to be organized from the top down. I didn't ask the
permission of the Senate, or the Aediles, or the governor of
Mediatlantica (much as I like him!) to set up my little get-together. I
just *did* it, without benefit of title or charter. And that's an
attitude I think would serve our Republic much better than what we seem
to currently have; waiting for some higher-up to set someone with the
task, or to grant permission. (And magistrates, please *do* take that as
an invitation and good-natured challenge to use your authority and power
to similarly encourage and enable such small-scale meetings any way you
can!)

Indeed, I've just set up a group on meetup.com to hopefully get folks
together and interested in things relating to the Classical world (and
find new folks as well, maybe). If you're in or around the New York
tri-state area, please check it out:

http://www.meetup.com/greece-and-rome-nj/

And if you live somewhere else, I would heartily encourage you to do
likewise. Set up an event! Set up a meetup! Get together! Press the
flesh! Help turn Nova Roma into more than just a couple of email lists
and a website. Help realize the dream.

Next year in the Forum!

Vale,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus
Pater Patriae

L. Livia Plauta wrote:
> Salve Vedi,
> a laudable initiative!
> It's really weird, but pleasant, to see a founder who had been AWOL for
> years suddenly becoming so active.
>
> I hope you all have a lot of fun at your convivium!
>
> Optime vale,
> Livia
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75652 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Re: Convivium in New Jersey
Maior Vedio Livaeque spd;
euge, this is great to see. You are absolutely right Vedi, I recruited 3 cives last year, just inviting them to my place once a week, discussing Roman things, working on Latin. It doesn't have to be a big deal, though i would like to throw a big party this year;-)
vale
Maior

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Vedius <vedius@...> wrote:
>
> Salve Livia Plauta,
>
> AWOL? No, just quiet. I've been here, even posting on the list
> (admittedly ever-so-occasionally). However, circumstances have led me to
> the conclusion that a more active presence in Nova Roma is warranted,
> and what better way than by setting an example?
>
> Specifically, I would like folks to realize and remember that events
> don't have to be organized from the top down. I didn't ask the
> permission of the Senate, or the Aediles, or the governor of
> Mediatlantica (much as I like him!) to set up my little get-together. I
> just *did* it, without benefit of title or charter. And that's an
> attitude I think would serve our Republic much better than what we seem
> to currently have; waiting for some higher-up to set someone with the
> task, or to grant permission. (And magistrates, please *do* take that as
> an invitation and good-natured challenge to use your authority and power
> to similarly encourage and enable such small-scale meetings any way you
> can!)
>
> Indeed, I've just set up a group on meetup.com to hopefully get folks
> together and interested in things relating to the Classical world (and
> find new folks as well, maybe). If you're in or around the New York
> tri-state area, please check it out:
>
> http://www.meetup.com/greece-and-rome-nj/
>
> And if you live somewhere else, I would heartily encourage you to do
> likewise. Set up an event! Set up a meetup! Get together! Press the
> flesh! Help turn Nova Roma into more than just a couple of email lists
> and a website. Help realize the dream.
>
> Next year in the Forum!
>
> Vale,
>
> Flavius Vedius Germanicus
> Pater Patriae
>
> L. Livia Plauta wrote:
> > Salve Vedi,
> > a laudable initiative!
> > It's really weird, but pleasant, to see a founder who had been AWOL for
> > years suddenly becoming so active.
> >
> > I hope you all have a lot of fun at your convivium!
> >
> > Optime vale,
> > Livia
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75653 From: A. Tullia Scholastica Date: 2010-04-19
Subject: Re: a. d. XIV Kalendas Maias: The Indigitamenta of Ceres
>
>
>
> A. Tullia Scholastica L. Juliae Aquilae quiritibus, sociis, peregrinisque
> bonae voluntatis S.P.D.
>
> Iulia Magistrae S.P.D.
>
> Albeit belated, many happy birthday wishes to you my beloved amica!
>
> ATS: Gratias quam plurimas! Noli sollicitari de dié; paene postero dié
> nata eram! I did not receive the original post on this, and apparently some
> others are missing while at least one was duplicated. My own epistle on Latin
> classes was substantially delayed while it went to Mars, so it seems Yahoo is
> ailing again.
>
> Cura ut valeas,
>
> Et tu!
>
> Julia
>
> Vale, et valete!
>
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com <mailto:Nova-Roma%40yahoogroups.com> , "A.
> Tullia Scholastica" <fororom@...> wrote:
>> >
>>> > >
>>> > > A. Tullia Scholastica C. Petronio Dextro quiritibus bonae voluntatis
>>> S.P.D.
>>> > >
>>> > >
>>> > >
>>> > > C. Petronius A. Tulliae Scholasticae s.p.d.,
>>> > >
>>>>> > >> > Felices natalis Tullia Scholastica !
>>> > >
>>> > > Et ego tibi, Scholasticae, felicem faustumque natalem imprecor...
>>> > >
>>> > > ATS: Gratias quam plurimas! Sed ubi sit exemplar epistulae ex qua
>>> haec
>>> > > desecuisti et agglutinasti? I did not receive it in my box, and, for
>>> that
>>> > > matter, have not received anything from the ML in several hours. Yahoo
has
>>> > > missed some posts of late, but is it completely on strike, at least as
>>> far as
>>> > > the ML is concerned?
>>> > >
>>>>> > >> > LUDI CEREALES
>>> > >
>>> > > ... sed noli triticeis floccis abuti! ;o)
>>> > >
>>> > > Fortasse errans, ex Anglico "corn flakes" in Latinum "triticeos floccos"
>>> > > verti.
>>> > >
>>> > > ATS: Et ubi sint ludi Cereales? Habentur quoque apud Cygni X-1,
quo
>>> > > Yahoo nonnullas epistulas mittit?
>>> > >
>>> > > Optime vale.
>>> > >
>>> > > C. Petronius Dexter
>>> > > Arcoiali scribebat
>>> > > a.d. XIV Kalendas Maias P. Memmio K. Fabio II coss.
>> >
>> > Vale, et valete.
>>> > >
>>> > >




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75654 From: iulius sabinus Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Re: Video in Honor to Religio Romana
SALVE!
 
Your video was added to Nova Roma Group on YouTube.
 
VALE,
T. Iulius Sabinus





"Every individual is the architect of his own fortune" - Appius Claudius

--- On Mon, 4/19/10, lord <grimmwotan@...> wrote:


From: lord <grimmwotan@...>
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Video in Honor to Religio Romana
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Date: Monday, April 19, 2010, 11:29 PM


 



Salvete,

This video was make in honor to Religio Romana:

http://www.youtube com/watch? v=ZnGwMh_ VUm0

I hope that all you like it.

Honorius Ambrosius.











[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75655 From: Kirsteen Wright Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Re: Video in Honor to Religio Romana
Beautiful. Thank you for posting. I also really like the music with it.

thank you
Flavia Lucilla Merula

On Mon, Apr 19, 2010 at 9:29 PM, lord <grimmwotan@...> wrote:

> Salvete,
>
> This video was make in honor to Religio Romana:
>
>
> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnGwMh_VUm0
>
> I hope that all you like it.
>
> Honorius Ambrosius.
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75656 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: a. d. XII Kalendas Maias: Romulus and Fidenae
M. Moravius Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Iubeo bono animo esse.

Hodie est ante diem XII Kalendas Maias; haec dies nefastus est:

"Next dawn when Memnon's saffron-robed mother, with her rosy horses, comes to view the wide lands, the sun leaves the Ram, Aries, leader of the woolly flock, betrayer of Helle, and meets a nobler victim on leaving. Whether it's Jupiter the Bull, or Io the Heifer it's hard to tell: the front of the creature appears: the rest's concealed. But whether the sign's a bull or whether it's a heifer, it enjoys that reward for its love, against Juno's wishes." ~ P. Ovius Naso, Fasti 4.713-720

"Come to us, Liber, with clusters of grapes dangling from your horns, and you, too, Ceres, with a wreath of newly ripened wheat upon your temples, come! Gods of our fathers, we purify our farmers and our fruitful fields; we ask that you drive away harm from our borders. Let not the now sprouting plants succumb before harvest, let not the timid lambs be outrun by swift wolves." ~ A. Tibillus II.1.3-4; 17-20


ROMULUS AND FIDENAE

"Whilst in this direction an unhoped-for peace was secured, war broke out in a much nearer quarter, in fact almost at the very gates of Rome. The people of Fidenae considered that a power was growing up too close to them, so to prevent the anticipations of its future greatness from being realised, they took the initiative in making war. Armed bands invaded and devastated the country lying between the City and Fidenae. Thence they turned to the left-the Tiber barred their advance on the right-and plundered and destroyed, to the great alarm of the country people. A sudden rush from the fields into the City was the first intimation of what was happening. A war so close to their gates admitted of no delay, and Romulus hurriedly led out his army and encamped about a mile from Fidenae. Leaving a small detachment to guard the camp, he went forward with his whole force, and whilst one part were ordered to lie in ambush in a place overgrown with dense brushwood, he advanced with the larger part and the whole of the cavalry towards the city, and by riding up to the very gates in a disorderly and provocative manner he succeeded in drawing the enemy. The cavalry continued these tactics and so made the flight which they were to feign seem less suspicious, and when their apparent hesitation whether to fight or to flee was followed by the retirement of the infantry, the enemy suddenly poured out of the crowded gates, broke the Roman line and pressed on in eager pursuit till they were brought to where the ambush was set. Then the Romans suddenly rose and attacked the enemy in flank; their panic was increased by the troops in the camp bearing down upon them. Terrified by the threatened attacks from all sides, the Fidenates turned and fled almost before Romulus and his men could wheel round from their simulated flight. They made for their town much more quickly than they had just before pursued those who pretended to flee, for their flight was a genuine one. They could not, however, shake off the pursuit; the Romans were on their heels, and before the gates could be closed against them, burst through pell-mell with the enemy." ~ Titus Livius 1.14.4-10

"Romulus was held in reverence also by many foreign peoples, and the earlier Latins sent ambassadors and established friendship and alliance with him. Fidenae, a neighbouring city to Rome, he took, as some say, by sending his horsemen of a sudden with orders to cut away the pivots of the gates, and then appearing himself unexpectedly; but others say that the men of Fidenae first made an incursion, driving off booty and devastating the territory and outskirts of the city, and that Romulus set an ambush for them, killed many of them, and took their city. He did not, however, destroy or raze it to the ground, but made it a colony of Rome, and sent thither twenty-five hundred colonists, on the Ides of April." ~ Plutarch, Life of Romulus 23.5-6


PATRICIAN SHOES

"Why do they that are reputed to be of distinguished lineage wear crescents on their shoes? Is this, as Castor says, an emblem of the fabled residence in the moon, and an indication that after death their souls will again have the moon beneath their feet; or was this the special privilege of the most ancient families? These were Arcadians of Evander's following, the so called Pre-Lunar people. Or does this also, like many another custom, remind the exalted and proud of the mutability, for better or worse, in the affairs of men, and that they should take the moon as an illustration:

When out of darkness first she comes anew
Her face she shows increasing fair and full;
And when she reaches once her brightest sheen,
Again she wastes away and comes to naught

"Or was it a lesson in obedience to authority, teaching them not to be disaffected under the government of kings, but to be even as the moon, who is willing to give heed to her superior and to be a second to him, "Ever gazing in awe at the rays of the bright-gleaming Sun God" as Parmenides puts it; and were they thus to be content with their second place, living under their ruler, and enjoying the power and honour derived from him?" ~ Plutarch, Roman Questions 76


REMEDIES DERIVED FROM MAGICIANS

"The following are some of the reveries of magic. A whetstone upon which iron tools have been frequently sharpened, if put, without his being aware of it, beneath the pillow of a person sinking under the effects of poison, will make him give evidence and declare what poison has been administered, and at what time and place, though at the same time he will not disclose the author of the crime. When a person has been struck by lightning, if the body is turned upon the side which has sustained the injury, he will instantly recover the power of speech--that is quite certain. For the cure of inguinal tumours, some persons take the thrum of an old web, and after tying seven or nine knots in it, mentioning at each knot the name of some widow woman or other, attach it to the part affected. To assuage the pain of a wound, they recommend the party to take a nail or any other substance that has been trodden under foot, and to wear it, attached to the body with the thrum of a web. To get rid of warts, some lie in a footpath with the face upwards, when the moon is twenty days old at least, and after fixing their gaze upon it, extend their arms above the head, and rub themselves with anything within their reach. If a person is extracting a corn at the moment that a star shoots, he will experience an immediate cure, they say. By pouring vinegar upon the hinges of a door, a thick liniment is formed, which, applied to the forehead, will alleviate headache: an effect equally produced, we are told, by binding the temples with a halter with which a man has been hanged. When a fish-bone happens to stick in the throat, it will go down immediately, if the person plunges his feet into cold water; but where the accident has happened with any other kind of bone, the proper remedy is to apply to the head some fragments of bones taken from the same dish. In cases where bread has stuck in the throat, the best plan is to take some of the same bread, and insert it in both ears." ~ C. Plinius Secundus, Historia Naturalis 28.12


Our thought for today comes from Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 5.21:

"Revere the ultimate power in the universe: this is what makes use of all things and directs all things. And in like manner also revere the ultimate power within yourselft; for this is of the same kind as that other power. For in thyself also, this is what makes use of everything else, and thy life is directed by this."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75657 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: CEREALIA RITUAL
M. Moravius Horatianus Pontifex Maximus: Pontificibus, Maximae Valeriae Messallinae, Virgoni Vestalis Maximae, Flaminibus, cultoribus Deorum et omnibus: salutem plurimam dicit:

In the absense of our Flamen Cerealis Fl. Galerius Aurelianus who is on leave, yesterday, as Pontifex Maximus and as a former Flamen Cerealis, performed rites for Ceres, Liber, and Libera on behalf of the Plebeians and the People of Nova Roma after the manner of the following ritual.

CEREALIA RITUAL

I. INITIUM

Take heed! Away, away, go faraway, this is a sacred place, you who are profane!

For the Senate and People of Nova Roma, I, Marcus Moravius Piscinus Horatianus, the Pontifex Maximus say and announce:

Come, be present, Gods and men, to these holy rites. Begone, you wicked folk, begone far from here. I call only upon the innocent and the chaste.

[Washing my hands under pure water]:

May this water cleanse my body of impurities, as the rain cleanses the air.


II. POMPA

[The procession bearing offerings approaches the altar, circling it, and comes to a halt with the Praeses three paces from the altar. As the procession proceeds, they chant the Litany of Ceres]:

Bene, bene, bene Mater, nos bene, bene iuves,
Ceres, Ceres, Vervactor,
Bene, bene Reparator, nos bene, bene iuvate,
Ceres, Ceres, Imporcitor,
Bene, bene, Insitor, nos bene, bene iuvate,
Ceres, Ceres, Obarator,
Bene, bene, Occator, nos bene, bene iuvate,
Ceres, Ceres, Runcinator,
Bene, bene, Sarritor, nos bene, bene iuvate,
Ceres, Ceres, O Convector,
Bene, bene, Conditor, nos bene, bene iuvate,
Ceres, Ceres, O Promitor,
Bene, bene, Messor Ceres, nos bene, bene iuvate.
Dea Optima, bene, bene veneramur, sancta Mater.
Bene, bene, ades, Ceres, bene, bene.


III. PRAEFATIO

[Washes the hands once more.]

Hear me, Father Liber, and You Gods and Goddesses of our ancestors, You who cherish this City and these sacred groves, listen. Gods of our forefathers, I make this offering of incense to You and pray with good prayers that You will look kindly and favorably upon us and our children, on our houses and on our households.

Hail, O Divine Mother, Who makes Your home on Sicily and everywhere, to You I call, Most Holy Ceres, come (to us) that You may once more speak to us in Your own words.

And You, Most Chaste Libera, come forth.


IIII PRAECATIO

Father Janus, by offering this incense to You I pray good prayers, so that You may be propitious to me, to the Senate and to the People of Nova Roma.

[Bay leaves are placed in the focus of the altar.]

Mother Ceres, by offering this incense to You I pray good prayers, so that You may be propitious to me, to the Senate and to the People of Nova Roma.

[Bay leaves are placed in the focus of the altar.]

Father Janus, having offered to You this incense virtuous prayers were well prayed; for the sake of (these same reasons) be honored by this small portion of wine.

[A libation of wine is poured.]

Mother Ceres, having offered to You this incense virtuous prayers were well prayed; for the sake of (these same reasons) be honored by this small portion of milk

[A libation of milk and honey is poured.]


V. SACRIFICATIO

[Washes the hands.]

Mother Ceres, Father Liber and Libera and all You Gods above and below who inhabit the City, these hallowed lakes and groves, I pray that You attend us with Your favor and support.

Most holy and everlasting, blessed Lady, Redeemer and perpetual comfort of human kind, who by Your bounty and grace nourish all the world, cherish our lives, and bestow the consoling smiles of a Mother with great affection upon our trials and tribulations. As a loving Mother You take no rest. There is no day or night, not so much as a moment, that is not filled by Your mercy succoring all men and women. On land as well as at sea, You are She who chases away all storms and dangers from our lives by Your right hand.

Most Holy Ceres, Liber, and Libera, we come before You this day with open hearts, pure and chaste. By these offerings we seek to cherish You. Hear us, O God and Goddesses of our ancestors, and may You honor us this day with your presence. As You have always happily done in the past, so now accept these sacrifices, and bless our community. Accept our libations and send upon us Your kind thoughts. May You grant Nova Roma concord and a richness of life!

In offering to You this incense, Ceres, I pray good prayers that You will look kindly and favorably upon our children and upon us, on our homes and on our households.

In offering to You this incense, Liber, I pray good prayers that You will look kindly and favorably upon our children and upon us, on our homes and on our households.

In offering to You this incense, Libera, I pray good prayers that You will look kindly and favorably upon our children and upon us, on our homes and on our households.

Ceres, may You be strengthened by this libation, may You be honored by this portion of milk..

Liber, may You be strengthened by this libation, may You be honored by this portion of wine.

Libera, may You be strengthened by this libation, may You be honored by this portion of milk.

Ceres, Liber, and Libera, for these reason therefore I pray and ask that You may willingly be propitious to the People of Nova Roma, the Quirites, and to the Republic of the People of Nova Roma, the Quirites, to the Consuls and Praetors of the People of Nova Roma, the Quirites, to the Tribunes of the plebeians of Nova Roma, to the Senate of Nova Roma, to the priests and priestesses of the people of Nova Roma, to us, to our homes, and to our households; and that You may accept this sacrifice. For these reasons may You become strengthened and honored with this sacrifice, may You become favorable and propitious to the people of Nova Roma, the Quirites, to the Senate of Nova Roma, to the priests and priestesses of the people of Nova Roma, to ourselves, to our homes, and to our households

Just as the words I have spoken, for what You will thus have done, as I feel to say, for these reasons, therefore, may You be honored and strengthen by this offering of libum-cake.

With the offering of this wine, and this mixture of milk and honey, and these grains of incense sacrificed today, may You become favorable and propitious to the people of Nova Roma, the Quirites, to the Senate of Nova Roma, to the priests and priestesses of the people of Nova Roma, to ourselves, to our homes, and to our households



VI. LITATIO

[The Praeses washes his hands again in preparation for the redditio, and says]:

May this water cleanse my body of impurities, as the rain cleanses the air.

[The Praeses makes the final sacrifices, as indicated.]

Most chaste Libera, may You be honored by this feast offering, may You be honored by this small portion of milk.

[A libation of milk is poured and an offering of cake is given.]

Father Liber, may You be honored by this feast offering, may You be honored by the small portion of wine.

[A libation of wine is poured, and a cake offered.]

Most Holy Ceres, may You be honored by this feast offering, may You be honored by this small portion of milk.

[A libation of milk is poured and an offering of cake is given.]

Father Janus, may You be honored by this feast offering, may You be honored by this small portion of wine.

[A libation of wine is poured, and a cake offered.]

Vesta, perpetual guardian of fire, to You the public voice calls and prays: may You guard, preserve, and protect this Free Republic, this People, these consuls; may You grant peace and steadfast concord for our Republic.

Goddess Vesta, guardian of the sacred fire, be honored by this small portion of milk.

[A libation of milk is poured.]

No more, Gods on High, do I ask of You today; it is enough.



VII. PERLITATIO

[The Praeses offers incense on the altar once more. Then he turns, steps away from the altar, and dismisses those present by saying]:

Thus it is done. May all the Gods above and below always love you and wish you happiness in all that is good.

[They respond]:

May the immortal Gods make it so, as fortunate as it is pious.


____________________________________


I. INITIUM

Hoc age !

Procul, procul, ita procul, sacer est locus, ite profani!

Pro Senatu Novo Romano, ego, M. Moravius Piscinus Horatianus Pontifex Maximus dico, edico: Hodie est nefastus publicus propter Cerealia.

Adeste dique hominesque sacris. Procul hinc, procul ite nocentes: insontes castosque voco.

[Manus lava]: Haec aqua a corpore impuritates eluat, ut pluvial aera purgat!



II. POMPA

[Canite]

Bene, bene, bene Mater, nos bene, bene iuves,
Ceres, Ceres, Vervactor,
Bene, bene Reparator, nos bene, bene iuvate,
Ceres, Ceres, Imporcitor,
Bene, bene, Insitor, nos bene, bene iuvate,
Ceres, Ceres, Obarator,
Bene, bene, Occator, nos bene, bene iuvate,
Ceres, Ceres, Runcinator,
Bene, bene, Sarritor, nos bene, bene iuvate,
Ceres, Ceres, O Convector,
Bene, bene, Conditor, nos bene, bene iuvate,
Ceres, Ceres, O Promitor,
Bene, bene, Messor Ceres, nos bene, bene iuvate.
Dea Optima, bene, bene veneramur, sancta Mater.
Bene, bene, ades, Ceres, bene, bene.



III. PRAEFATIO

[Manus tua lava]: Haec aqua a corpore impuritates eluat, ut pluvial aera purgat!


Audi, Pater Liber, audite Di Deaeque Parenti, qui hanc urbem, hoc sacratos locosque colitis, audite. Di Parenti, vos hoc turem obmoveo bonas preces precor, ut sistis volens propitius nobis liberisque notris domis familisque nostris.

O, ave, Dea Mater, cuia habitatio Trinarcia tua est et ubique, te apello, sanctissima Ceres. Adveni iteradum ut eadem ista nos loquare.

Et tu, castissima Libera, exi



IIII. PRAECATIO

Iane Pater, te hoc ture commovendo bonas preces precor, uti sies volens propitius mihi et Senatui Populoque Novo Romano.

Mater Ceres, te hoc ture commovendo bonas preces precor, uti sies volens propitius mihi et Senatui Populoque Novo Romano.

Pater Liber, te hoc ture commovendo bonas preces precor, uti sies volens propitius mihi et Senatui Populoque Novo Romano.

Libera casta, te hoc ture commovendo bonas preces precor, uti sies volens propitius mihi et Senatui Populoque Novo Romano.

Iane Pateri, uti te ture commovendo bonas preces bene precatus sum, eiusdem rei ergo macte vino inferio esto.

Mater Ceres, uti te ture commovendo bonas preces bene precatus sum, eiusdem rei ergo macte lactem inferio esto.

Pater Liber, uti te ture commovendo bonas preces bene precatus sum, eiusdem rei ergo macte vino inferio esto.

Libera casta, uti te ture commovendo bonas preces bene precatus sum, eiusdem rei ergo macte lactem inferio esto.



V. SACRIFICATIO

[Manus etiam tua lava]

Ceres Mater, Pater Liber ac Libera, vos precor, ceteri Di superi infernique, qui hanc urbem, hoc sacratos lacus locosque colitis, ut ita nobis volentes propitii adsitis.

Tu quidem sanctissima et humani generis sospita perpetua, semper fovendis mortalibus munifica, dulcem matris adfectationem miserorum casibus tribuis. Nec dies nec quies nulla ac ne momentum quidem tenue tuis transcurrit beneficiis otiosum, quin mari terraque protegas homines et depulsis vitae procellis salutarem porrigas dexteram.

Sanctissima Ceres, Liber et Libera pii castique ad vos hoc die cordibus apertis venimus. Hisce safriciis vos colere volumus. Exaudite nos, parenti Di Deaeque, et hoc die praesentia vestra nos digneris! Sicut antea toties fecisti, et nunc haec sacrificia accipite, civitatemque nostram benedicite! Accipite libamina nostra, et mittite nobis voluntatem beingnam vestram! Dona nobis concordiam et abundantiam vitae!

Te hoc turem, Ceres, obmoveimus bonas preces precamur, ut sis volens propitia nos liberisque noster domo familiaeque noster.

Te hoc turem, Liber, obmoveimus bonas preces precamur, ut sis volens propitius nos liberisque noster domo familiaeque noster.

Te hoc turem, Libera, obmoveimus bonas preces precamur, ut sis volens propitia nos liberisque noster domo familiaeque noster.

Ceres, macte istic libatione pollicenda esto, macte lactem mellemque esto.

Liber, macte istic libatione pollicenda esto, macte vino esto.

Libera, macte istic libatione pollicenda esto, macte lactem esto.

Ceres, Liber, et Libera, earundem rerum ergo nos precor quaesoque, uti sitis volens propitius Populo Novo Romano Quiritibus, Reique Publicae Populi Novi Romani Quiritium, Populi Novi Romani Quiritium, consulibus, praetoribus Populi Novi Romani Quiritium, tribunis Plebei Novae Romanae, Senatui Novo Romano, sacerdotibus populi Novi Romani, nobis, domibus, familiis, et uti huius sacrifici acceptor sies; harum rerum ergo macte esto fito volens propitius populo Novo Romano Quiritibus, Senatui Novo Romano, sacerdotibus Novis Romanis, nobis, domibus, familiis.

Sicut verba nuncupavi, quae ita faxitis, uti ego me sentio dicere: harum rerum ergo macte hoc libo libando

Hoc vino et his lacte melleque mixto libando, his turis granis sacrificandis estote fitote in hodie volentes propitii populo Novo Romano Quiritibus, Senatui Novo Romano, sacerdotibus Novis Romanis, nobis, domibus, familiis



VI. LITATIO

[Manus tua lava]

Castissima Libera, macte istace dape pollucenda esto, macte lactem inferio esto.

Pater Liber, macte istace dape pollucenda esto, macte vino inferio esto.

Sanctissima Ceres, macte istace dape pollucenda esto, macte lactem inferio esto.

Iane Pater, macte istace dape pollucenda esto, macte vino inferio esto.

Vesta, perpetuorum custos ignium, vos publica voce obtestor atque precor: custodi serva protege hanc Rem Publicam liberam, hunc populum, hos consules, pacem concordiamque constantem Rei Publicae nostrae tribue.

Dea Vesta, custos ignis sacri, macte lactem inferio esto

Nil amplius vos hodie posco, superi, satis est.



VII. PERLITATIO

[Praeses dicit]:

Ilicet. Di deaeque omnes, superi atque inferi, vos semper ament et felicitam volunt.

[Respondent]:

Di immortales faciant, tam felix quam pia.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75658 From: Ass.Pomerium Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Nuova uscita del notiziario Pomerium - Aprile 2010
salve ,

ti informiamo che è on-line il nuovo numero di Pomerivm, il notiziario
trimestrale dell'Associazione culturale Pomerium.

Lo trovi all'indirizzo Internet http://www.pomerium.org/pomerivm.htm








In questo numero:




- il tempio di Venere e Roma

Il più grande tempio a Roma, da poco accessibile al pubblico

di Fabrizio Marocco


- il cursus publicus

Strade e servizio postale nellÂ’antica Roma

di Milko Anselmi



- il culto della Magna Mater

La dea Cibele ed il suo culto a Roma

di Giuliana Quondam A.M.



- Castra Stativa

Il sistema di fortificazioni romano

di Marco Colombelli







... e, come sempre, rubriche, calendario delle mostre, news, ecc.



Buona lettura!



Associazione Pomerium









-- Per annullare la ricezione di questa email è sufficiente inviare una mail
all'indirizzo <mailto:redazione@...> redazione@... con
oggetto "Revoca Abbonamento Pomerivm".



_____

Per informazioni:
Associazione Pomerium - www.pomerium.org <http://www.pomerium.org/>
c/o Marocco F. - Viale Alessandrino 477 - 00172 Roma

info@... - amministrazione@... - segreteria@...

Vive ergo moribus praeteritis, loquere verbis praesentibus (Vivi perciò con
la moralità degli antichi, ma usa le parole della modernità; A.Gellio -
Notti Attiche)





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75659 From: James Mathews Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Re: [SodalitasMilitarium] Conimbriga
Greetings C. Aemilius Crassus;

Below is what I have in English on Conimbriga:

"This the largest, and most extensively excavated Roman Site in
Portugal. It was located on the Roman Road between Lisboa (Olisipo)
and Braga (Bracara Augusta). There is evidence of Roman habitation as
early as the 2nd century BC, but it was under Augustus from about 25
BC that Conimbriga became a substantial town: baths, a forum, and an
aqueduct have been uncovered from this era. The finest buildings
however, date from the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, and they provide a
vivid image of a prosperous city.

The site is approached along a stretch of Roman Road that led into the
city from the East. Just to the left cluster the outlines of shops,
baths and two once-luxurious houses, both with exquisite mosaic
floors. At Conimbriga is one of the largest houses discovered in the
Western Roman Empire. This opulent villa, known as Casa De Contaber
is built around ornamental pools in superb colonnaded gardens with
it's own bath and sophisticated heating system. Some of the fine
mosaics in the museum probably came from this fine residence.

The Casa das Fontes dating from the first half of the 2nd century, is
under a protective cover but walkways provide a good view. It's
pictorial mosaics and fountains, rare survivals that give the house
it's name, form a strong image of the Roman taste for good living.
The city's pools, baths, and steam rooms in Trajan's "Thermae" were
fed by a spring 3.5 kilometers (2 miles) away via an aqueduct mostly
subterranean built at the time of Augustus. Official excavation was
begun here in 1912, but a considerable part of the 13 ha (32 acre
site) has yet to be fully explored, including an amphitheater North of
the city. In the 3rd or early 4th century the buildings were
plundered for stone as defensive walls were hastily raised against
barbarian hordes. In a successful assault in AD 468 the Suevi burned
the city and murdered the inhabitants. Excavated skeletons may date
from this episode. Just outside the ruins is an informative museum
which explains the history and the layout of the site, and has
exhibits of Roman busts, mosaics, and coins alongside of more ancient
Celtic artifacts. There is also a restaurant and picnic site."

Reference:---

Ferdie McDonald, Proj. Eds.), Martin Symington (Main Consultant),
"Portugal, with Madeira and the Azores," Eye Witness Travel Guides, DK
Publishing, Inc., (New York, NY -- 1997); ISBN 0-7894-1948-3

Respectfully Submitted;

Marcus Audens
On Apr 19, 2010, at 9:02 AM, C. Aemilius Crassus wrote:

>
> Senator Audens,
>
>
>
> Sadly there is very few information in English concerning the
> Conimbriga excavation.
>
>
>
> The only places I have found were the Wikipedia page:
>
>
>
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con%C3%ADmbriga
>
>
>
> and the official site of the museum:
>
>
>
> http://www.conimbriga.pt/index_en.html
>
>
>
> The link I have sent before for a blog page in Spanish has many
> images and few little movies of what Conimbriga should look in
> ancient times. It can be easily explored even without knowing
> Spanish just for the sake of the images. I don�t know if the
> translating tools of some web browsers work well or not on this page.
>
>
>
> Very respectfully,
>
>
>
> C. Aemilius Crassus
>
>
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75660 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Re: Consul Albucius' Comments
Maior Messallinae spd
Recte Dixit!



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Maxima Valeria Messallina <maximavaleriamessallina@...> wrote:
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Maxima Valeria Messallina ominbus S.P.D.
>  
> After finally shifting through all of Consul Albucius' comments regarding the results of the voting on his five proposals, I am impelled to make my own points.
>  
>  
> 1st comment: with regard to Consul's belief in a "weak participation" - really? It seemed to me that the proposals unleashed a flurry of activity than is normally not seen. It even brought about the creation of a whole new list. In my opinion, participation was stronger than normal, and that includes the voting, too.
>  
>  
> 2nd comment: with regard to the "severe conservative rule which requires in every century that there is at least a one vote majority in favor of the vote" - well, that's how it works. Majority rules. If it doesn't have the majority, it doesn't pass. I have to wonder if this comment would have been made had a majority been in favor of even one of the Consul's proposals.
>  
>  
> 3rd comment: I don't think the failure of the proposal regarding the entrance date of the Tribunes into office was the result of a "global negative mood", whatever that may mean (and I won't go there), but rather because of the wording of said proposal. Since the Tribunes are going to take this up, themselves, there is no need for Consul Albucius to consider another proposal on this issue, thank you very much.
>  
>  
> 4th comment: with regard to "for the question is then knowing how to better up the communication between the governments and these citizens. And this question is not a so easy one to treat."
> Au contraire! Consul Albucius can start improving communications with Citizens by not rushing proposals at them without giving Citizens the necessary time to discuss his proposals. Since this point was made repeatedly to him on the ML, let me also add that actually listening to Citizens is another way to better communications.
>  
>  
> 5th comment: Wow, this was almost unbelievable to read.
> So, now we are "schizophrenic", are we? I don't think so, but we probably all got a collective pounding headache trying to get Consul Albucius to listen to us. 
> Consul states, "What happened?" Well, let me tell the Citizens "what happened".
> The Tribunes of the Plebs watch the Senate sessions as observers (we cannot post to the list) and therefore, we have noticed the "Rush-It-Through" method of Consul Albucius.
> In looking over past Senate sessions, most seem to follow the format of anywhere from six to ten days for discussion, three to four days for voting and from two to five items per agenda, to be discussed and/or discussed and voted on. This format varies depending on the agenda presented by the presiding consul.
> Looking at the January 2010 session, the first with Consul Albucius presiding, there were six days for discussion, two days for voting, on seven items three of which required voting in addition to discussion. The Consul gave only so much time for discussion on each item and then closed the discussion down and moved on. The session was done in "real time", which meant everyone had to be present when the session started (which for me, as the reporting Tribune, meant being awake and ready to observe at 4 a.m. my time). So if someone could not make it to the discussion on a certain item at the prescribed time, he or she could not comment on the item.
> The February 2010 session, with Consul Quintilianus presiding, featured two items that both required voting. There was a period of six days for discussion and three days for voting and there was no time limit on discussion per item.
> However, the March 2010 session had six days for discussion, two days for voting, on 15 items (!), six of which required voting as well as discussion. A request to extend the discussion time was ignored. There were technical difficulties during the session, too, but no additional time was given to compensate for that. Thus I find Consul Albucius' comment that he was deprived of the Senators' "useful advices and informations" almost laughable.
> If you're going to triple the items on an agenda, perhaps also tripling the discussion time and the voting time would leave the Consul feeling, shall we say, less deprived? That "deep silence" Consul Albucius imagined hearing was not due to the Senators' inability to speak up (cause they certainly do!), but rather to the lack of time sufficient for them to discuss all the items the Consul threw at them. 
> As the saying goes, less is sometimes more. Less items per agenda, more time for discussion and voting, and I am certain the Consul will receive plenty of advice and information from the Senate.
> And as I kept asking Consul Albucius over and over again, what's the rush?
>  
>  
> 6th comment: with regard to the new "political sensitivities", the appearance of which seems to have baffled our Consul - perhaps that is because he insists on erroneously dividing these two "new" groups into those which "supported" him and those "who considered that the proposals were beyond the limits of their personal commitment towards the consuls".
> I guess he was genuinely shocked to see so many Nova Romans were actually and personally committed to Nova Roma first and foremost before any one individual and that we don't follow blindly along when we see someone striking at the very heart and soul of Nova Roma. Yep, that really seems to have taken him aback. Well, now he knows.
> And as for his comment, "So, beyond the difference appeared last year between the majority and the opposition has thus appeared a new distinction whose nature and limits will need more time to be better defined".
> Let me save the Consul some time and define it for him. They're called REAL Nova Romans.
>  
>  
> 7th comment: with regard to "underestimating the differences of cultures" and that "such differences would drive both groups not being able to simply understand each other's words" - well, if Consul Albucius is so concerned with understanding the words, why not have a native English speaker with good writing skills to help him instead of insisting he do it all, himself, since he is not a native English speaker?
> In my opinion, it had nothing to do with different cultures; it had to do with poorly written and rushed proposals without benefit of thorough discussion, just like in the last Senate session.
> Trying to rush things past everyone so that no one has time to really think on them and review them thorougly is not going to work - that is the message the Citizens sent loud and clear by voting down all five of the Consul's proposals. And I dare say that any future attempts to do the same thing again by Consul Albucius will be just as equally defeated by the Citizens of Nova Roma.
> As for his comment: "It was, said in another way, to check whether the majority and good will people could trust the presiding consul and, even if some details may ask question, just confirms a confidence that every leader of every majority is to expect from her/his party or supporting coalition."
> To which I shall reply: 
>
> Dear Consul Albucius,
> The "big" misunderstanding is all on your part and that may have a lot to do with NOT listening to what the Citizens, regardless of their personal politicial beliefs, were repeatedly telling you.
> And how can they trust a consul who accuses them of "deceiving" him?
> What your comments, all seven of them, confirmed for us is that you still have not heard a word we have said and that is disheartening.
> It says to us that you have your own agenda that has nothing to do with why some of us voted for you and what we were led to expect from you. Promises made and then broken do not inspire trust, Consul. Shadiness and trying to rush things past us is not going to inspire trust, either.
> And, as one of our Founders has already stated, blaming everyone and everything rather than taking a good, hard look at what you are doing, is not going to bring back the trust we once had in you.
>  
> How can I get you to understand? Yes, changes have to be made, but striking at the very heart and soul of Nova Roma is not the way to do it. Period. 
>  
>  
> Maxima Valeria Messallina
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75661 From: Cato Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Re: Consul Albucius' Comments
Cato omnibus in foro SPD

I disagree heartily.

The consul showed that there is an odd dichotomy in Nova Roma. He expected - perhaps unfortunately - that many of the citizens who praised him as a second Aeneas when he was doing things they liked would also respect his intentions when it came to these items. But no. He found unlikely allies and very unlikely opponents.

Each item on the recently-defeated agenda was an attempt to bring Nova Roma from its castles-in-the-sky fantasy land to something grounded more firmly in reality; to help provide a stronger, more workable foundation to the Respublica. The fantasy is good, and healthy as an encouragement for growth, but when it stands in the way of actual usefulness it becomes dangerous.

That he did not take each citizen by the hand and slowly explain each item is not a deficit in his character but perhaps rather a wake-up call to the citizens to be more aware of what is actually happening in the republic.

The Romans, as has been said repeatedly, were eminently practical in most matters; in government especially. Do we need 20 quaestors like they had? Obviously not. So why defeat an item that intended to cut the number of government functionaries to one that more accurately reflects our population?

And isn't it odd that one of the people who shrieked the loudest (the praetor Maior) when solutions to the timing of the tribunes' taking office because the solutions were suggested by - the gods forbid - a patrician in the Senate (!), would then shriek at the idea of proposing that - and read this carefully - the *plebs should decide for themselves when their tribunes take office*. I know, an horrifying idea, eh?

The one point on which I certainly do agree with Messallina is that the proposals failed fair and square and in accordance with our voting procedures. But there is no reason why these proposals should not be made again in the future.

Valete,

Cato



--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "rory12001" <rory12001@...> wrote:
>
> Maior Messallinae spd
> Recte Dixit!
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75662 From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator Date: 2010-04-20
Subject: Re: Consul Albucius' Comments
Salve Cato et Avete Omnes;

You and I agree in some principles here.

However, perhaps we do need to look at the mechanics of how we are
trying to enact the "Dream?"

Realistically we have less than a hundred and a half consistently
active participants.

We have a full-grown Great Dane's tail and a teacup Chihuahua puppy's body.

Time to match the dog and the tail?

Nothing wrong with the vision; such SHOULD be somewhat unrealistic, as
our reach should exceed our grasp.

In amicitia - Venator
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75663 From: Cato Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: Re: Consul Albucius' Comments
Cato Ullerio Venatori omnibusque in foro SPD

Venator, you wrote:

"We have a full-grown Great Dane's tail and a teacup Chihuahua puppy's body. Time to match the dog and the tail?"

Precisely.

This does not mean that the vision is not useful to encourage and stimulate. I would only say that using the vision as our goal, we need to start approaching that goal in a useful and practical manner.

I repeat my assertion that the Constitution and tabularium should be designed to act as the working papers by which we make that goal possible, rather than act as if the goal itself is the means to its own end.

Valete,

Cato
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75664 From: James Mathews Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: ] Stoicism
Nova-Romans and Countrymen;

Considering some of the past "discussions" that have gone on within
Nova Roma I thought perhaps I would mention to you something of my
idea of "Romanitas":

"Just as those who try to block your progress along the straight path
of reason will not be able to divert you from principled action, so
you must not let them knock you out of your good will towards them.
Rather you should watch yourself equally on both fronts, keeping not
only a stability of judgement and action, but also a mild response to
those who try to stop you or are otherwise disaffected. To be angry
with them is no less a weakness than to abandon your course of action
and capitulate in a panic. Both amount equally to desertion of duty --
either being frightened into retreat or setting yourself at odds with
your natural kinsmen and friends."
Marcus Aurelius -- Book 11; Item 9.

Since I would suppose that most here would agree that Marcus Aurelius
possessed some small part of the well known "Romanitas" that we talk
about, so, it seems to me that this above item would be very
important to consider. However, each of us has our own ideas and
determinations, so I should like to hear from those of you who have
entered into the Philosophy Sodalitas and the Nova Britannia Province
as well as those on the NR Main List who have an interest in
"Romanitas" just how this above item strikes you in regard to your
involvement with Nova Roma, as well as your philosophy outside of NR.

Respectfully;

Marcus Audens

On Feb 23, 2010, at 9:28 AM, Marcus Audens wrote:

>
> First of all my thanks for your involvement in the Philosophical
> discussion. Your additions and comments provide food for some
> extensive soul - searching and consideration.
>
> As you say the last comments of Seneca may be difficult for those
> new to Stoicism to get their heads around.
>
> I am considering the hatefulness of some people who tell lies about
> an individual. I understand that such in and of itself does not
> harm the individual, however, my concern is that a "damaged"
> reputation often deletes the individual from association with others
> who are engaged in the "process" of improving an encompassing
> situation that all share. I have seen this happening in Nova Roma
> again and again, many times over the years. I understand that on
> the one hand those who believe lies about another have problems in
> and of themselves, however, it seems to me that the "process" is
> damaged or hindered to some degree by the action of he / she who
> spreads the lies, and therefore touches all in the "process." This
> is particularly true if all in the "process" are not Stoic in their
> views.
>
> Respectfully;
>
> Marcus Audens
> Command is a matter of wisdom, integrity, humanity, courage and
> dicipline. Sun Tzu -- "The Art of War"
>
>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75665 From: lord Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: Re: Video in Honor to Religio Romana
Salvete.

I am grateful for the attention and support.

Vale bene,

Honorius Ambrosius.

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, iulius sabinus <iulius_sabinus@...> wrote:
>
> SALVE!
>  
> Your video was added to Nova Roma Group on YouTube.
>  
> VALE,
> T. Iulius Sabinus
>
>
>
>
>
> "Every individual is the architect of his own fortune" - Appius Claudius
>
> --- On Mon, 4/19/10, lord <grimmwotan@...> wrote:
>
>
> From: lord <grimmwotan@...>
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] Video in Honor to Religio Romana
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> Date: Monday, April 19, 2010, 11:29 PM
>
>
>  
>
>
>
> Salvete,
>
> This video was make in honor to Religio Romana:
>
> http://www.youtube com/watch? v=ZnGwMh_ VUm0
>
> I hope that all you like it.
>
> Honorius Ambrosius.
>
>
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>
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>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75666 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: a. d. XI Kalendas Maias: The Founding of Rome
M. Moravius Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Pales Pastoralis felicitatem in nos impertiat.

Hodie est ante diem XI Kalendas Maias; haec dies nefastus piaculum est: PARILIA; Ver bipertitur, pluvia et nonnumquam grando

735 BCE: Birth of Romulus and Remus, and the First Founding of Rome

"At length, after many kings had reigned in this city, Numitor and Amulius became joint sovereigns. But Amulius, having deprived Numitor, who was the elder, of his share of the throne, condemned his daughter Rhea to perpetual virginity, that no male offspring of Numitor's family might arise to claim the crown, palliating the injury by an appearance of honour, so that she might not seem to have been compelled, but to have been chosen one of the vestal virgins. Being shut up, accordingly, in a grove sacred to Mars, she gave birth to two boys, whether the offspring of an illicit connection with a mortal, or of the God Mars, is uncertain. This affair becoming known, Amulius, whose fears were increased by the birth of twins, ordered the children to be exposed, and threw his niece into prison, of which ill-treatment she died. Fortune, however, having a care for the raising of Rome, threw the children in the way of a she-wolf to be suckled, which, having lost her cubs, and longing to empty her overcharged teats, offered herself as a nurse to the infants. As she made frequent returns to the children, as if they had been her own offspring, Faustulus, a shepherd, observed her proceedings, and, withdrawing them from the beast, brought them up in a rude way of life among his cattle. That they were the sons of Mars, was believed, as on plain proof, either because they were born in the grove of Mars, or because they were nursed by a wolf, which is under the protection of Mars. The names of the boys were Remus and Romulus. As they grew up among the shepherds, daily contests in strength increased their vigour and agility. While they were frequently engaged, with great activity, in preventing robbers from seizing the cattle, it happened that Remus, having been taken by the robbers, was brought before the king, as if he had himself been guilty of that which he was endeavoring to prevent in others, and had been accustomed to make depredations on Numitor's flocks. He was consequently given up to Numitor for punishment. But Numitor, who was touched with compassion for the stripling's youth, was led to suspect that he might be one of his exposed grandchildren, and while the resemblance of his features to those of his daughter, and his age corresponding with the time of the exposure, kept him in suspense, Faustulus unexpectedly came in with Romulus, and the origin of the youths being ascertained from him, a conspiracy was formed, the young men taking up arms to revenge the death of their mother, and Numitor to recover the throne of which he had been deprived." ~ M. Iunianus Iustinus, Historia 43.1

"After bestowing the kingdom of Alba on their grandfather Numitor made a beginning themselves of founding Rome in the eighteenth year of Romulus' life. But prior to this great Rome, which Romulus founded on the Palatine mount near the dwelling of Faustulus, another Rome in the form of a square had been founded by a Romulus and Remus more ancient than these." ~ Dio Cassius in Tsetses, Lycophr. Alex. 5.1232

Zonaras said that this earlier place was called Palatium. This square would seem to refer to the mundus as the mundus was square, at the center of Rome as Palatium was thought to be, and an underground altar dedicated to ancestors such as the mention of Faustulus here may hint.

"After the government of Alba was thus transferred to Numitor, Romulus and Remus were seized with the desire of building a city in the locality where they had been exposed. There was the superfluous population of the Alban and Latin towns, to these were added the shepherds: it was natural to hope that with all these Alba would be small and Lavinium small in comparison with the city which was to be founded. These pleasant anticipations were disturbed by the ancestral curse -ambition-which led to a deplorable quarrel over what was at first a trivial matter. As they were twins and no claim to precedence could be based on seniority, they decided to consult the tutelary deities of the place by means of augury as to who was to give his name to the new city, and who was to rule it after it had been founded. Romulus accordingly selected the Palatine as his station for observation, Remus the Aventine. Remus is said to have been the first to receive an omen: six vultures appeared to him. The augury had just been announced to Romulus when double the number appeared to him. Each was saluted as king by his own party. The one side based their claim on the priority of the appearance, the other on the number of the birds. Then followed an angry altercation; heated passions led to bloodshed; in the tumult Remus was killed. The more common report is that Remus contemptuously jumped over the newly raised walls and was forthwith killed by the enraged Romulus, who exclaimed, "So shall it be henceforth with everyone who leaps over my walls". ~ Titus Livius 1.6-7

"Being thus victorious in augury, he began to build the city, full of hope that it would prove warlike; for the birds, accustomed to blood and prey, seemed to indicate this. It was thought that a rampart was enough for the protection of the new city. In derision of its small size Remus leaped over it and was put to death for doing so, whether by his brother's order or not is uncertain; at any rate he was the first victim and hallowed the fortification of the new city with his blood." ~ Florus, Epitome 1.1.7-8

"From this incident arose the custom of putting to death one who dared to cross the trench of a camp by any other than the regular passage-ways." ~ Dio Cassius 1.1.7 in Zonaras

AUC 1 / 753 BCE: The Founding Ceremony of Rome

"Many founded towns in Latium by the Etruscan ritual: that is, with a team of cattle, a bull and a cow on the inside, they ran a furrow around with a plough, (for reasons of religion they did this on an auspicious day), that they might be fortified by a ditch and a wall. The place whence they had ploughed up the earth, they called a fossa, and the earth thrown inside it they called the murus. The orbis which was made back of this was the beginning of the urbs; because the circle was post murum, behind the wall, it was called post moerium; it sets the limits for taking of the auspices for the City. Stone markers of the pomoerium stand both around Aricia and Rome. Therefore towns which had also earlier had the plough drawn around them were termed urbes, from orbis (circle) and urvum (curved); therefore also all our colonies are identified as urbes in the old writings, because they had been founded in just the same way as as Rome; therefore also colonies and cities are founded (conduntur) because they are placed inside the pomoerium." ~ M. Terrentius Varro, Lingua Latina 5.143.

As with other Roman rituals, the founding of Rome, and that of Roman colonies, took several stages. First is the taking of auspices as augures must pronounce the boundaries set by the Gods for the city, and by performing the auspices a rectangular templum is first erected. Within this first templum is the mundus formed; a rectangular pit with a concave bottom, according to Cato, to reflect the concave sky. To found an altar is to found a city. Offererings are made there, perhaps to the genius locii of the place, and more certainly to the Manes. Ploughing the fossa was done in a special manner. The tunica was removed off the right shoulder. The plough team had the weaker member on the inside. Varro mentions a bull, not a castrated ox, and a cow as the weaker member on the inside path. A she-mule and an ox were sometimes used, as well as other combinations. The plough had to be lifted and carried over the perimeter where gates would be erected

Before the fossa could become the murus sacrifices had to be offered. Now, there are something like twenty-two different versions of the story of Romulus and Remus. While many pose a dispute between Romulus and Remus over the murus, and differ over who actually killed Remus, one version in particular depicts the death not as a murder but rather as a human sacrifice in which Remus was one voluntary victims. After all, it is not really a sacrifice unless the victim willingly offers his life. In the 1860's four inscribed pillars were discovered that were buried on either side of the pomoerium surrounding the Palatine. These are thought to have been placed in lieu of human victims, at the time that Augustus refounded the City and expanded its pomoerium. One of the pillars clearly referred to Remus as a sacrificial victim. Then in the 1990's an ancient pomoerium wall, without foundation stones, was discovered at the foot the Palatine Hill, and near the place where legend claimed Remus died, Carandino discovered four interned bodies, two inside and two outside the pomoerium, in what was apparently a human sacrifice to sanctify the pomoerium very early in Rome's history. The legend of the death of Remus thus referred to some ancient practice. In later depictions of the founding of Roman colonies and military camps we see instead a bull, a boar, and a ram being led as sacrificial in an ambarvalia around the boundaries. This form of sacrifice is called a suvetaurilia, and it was one that Cato prescribed as an annual rite for his estate. The suvetaurilia is particularly associated with foundation rites and apparently replaced, or was another part of the original rite.

Depictions in Italy of a ritual first plowing are found as early as the Bronze Age. In these women are seen with up-lifted arms praying to the Gods as a man plows. Sacrifices are not depicted then, and there is no real evidence of immolationes being used until a later date, just as Roman legends tell us. Roman sources also mention another practice in rural areas where the mound built up by the first furrow would serve as an altar for a sacrifice of vegetables, the first fruits of the earth, in what may have been a remnant of the earlier rituals.

The final stage was the setting out of boundary markers to denote the pomoerium. From the augures' De Auspiciis, Gellius copied, "The pomoerium is the space within the rural district designated by the augurs along the whole circuit of the City outside the walls, marked off by fixed bounds and forming the limit of the City auspices. (13.14)." These boundary markers were stones, painted white, in a manner found at temples. Before the introduction of terracotta statues with the Capitolium in 509 BCE, white-painted boards or stones were used to denote "the Shining Ones," i. e. the Gods or Manes. These markers were set out away from the actual boundary of the murus. Nothing was permitted to be built within the pomoerium area before the wall. We are told by C. Aelius Gallus (GRF 18) that the walls of a city were regarded as sanctum (holy), where as the area in front of the walls, the pomoerium, was sacrum (sacred), and therefore dedicated to the Gods.

These three things – the mundus, the circuit ploughed in a special manner, and the laying out of the pomoerium boundary markers are all required to found a city, a colony, or a temple. And attendent on each phase are rituals of taking auspices and offering sacrifices. The lustratio performed by the censores at the end of their terms re-enacted and reconsecrated the City in accordance with those ancient rites. Later, without the office of censor, it was the emperors who renewed the City, beginning with Augustus when he constructed a new mundus and expanded the pomoerium.

AUC 800 / 47 CE: Emperor Claudius celebrates the Ludi Saeculares in conjunction with the 800th anniversary of the Founding of Rome.

AUC 901 / 148 CE: Antonius Pius celebrates the 900th anniversary of the Founding of Rome

Circus shows of 24 races were added to the celebration possibly at this time, but sometime after the first century.

AUC 1001 / 248 CE: Philip Arabus celebrates the 1000th anniversary of the Founding of Rome


Today's thought is from Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 7.31:

"Take thy joy in simplicity, in integrity, and with indifference towards all that lies between virtue and vice. Love mankind. Follow the Gods. 'All else,' says Democritus, 'is subject to convention; only the elements are absolute and real.' And it is enough to remember that Law rules all."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75667 From: Christer Edling Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: A small ceremony for Palatua during the the 2763th Parilia of Rome w
Salvete Quirites!

Today I have held the following small ceremony to celebrate Parilia.

**********************

Ave Palatua et Salvete Quirites!

To honor the city of Rome and Palatua, the Protectress of Mons
Palatinus this the 2763th Parilia of Rome, which is the 12th Parilia
of Nova Roma, I will do this ceremony, as it might have been done in
ancient Rome and as I do it regulary:

"I give a grain of salt representing the beginning of the City by the
Via Salaria.

DOMINA, ANTIQVA, MATER VRBIS AETERNAE.
Lady!, Ancient One!, Mother of the Eternal City!

ADES! SALVE PALATVA
Be Thou present! Hail, O Palatua!

{supplicant performs the Adoratio, and continues:}

TE {touching breast) PRECOR QVAESOQVE
I pray and beseech Thee,

VT DES PACEM PROPITIA VENIAMQVE
that Thou mayest propitiously grant peace and favor

VRBI ET ORBI;
to the City and the World;

VTI NVNQVAM DESOLES TVAM POPVLVM ROMANVM,
that Thou mayest never abandon Thy Roman People,

HIC ET NVNCT VBICVMQVE ET SEMPER.
here and now, everywhere and always.

ERGO TIBI OFFERO HOC THVS:
Therefore, to Thee I offer this grain:

{The supplicant now offers a few grains, then concludes with the
words:}

ITA EST! ILLICET.
So mote it be! So may it be granted!"


*****************
Vale

Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus

Consul Iterum
Princeps Senatus et Flamen Palatualis
Civis Romanus sum
http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page
************************************************
Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
"I'll either find a way or make one"
************************************************
Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
************************************************
Mons Palatinus, Clivus Victoriae
Palatine Hill, Incline of Victoriae
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75668 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: Re: A small ceremony for Palatua during the the 2763th Parilia of Ro
M. Hortensia K. Quintilliano Quiritibusque spd;
to day is th Parilia! the birthday of Rome & it is right to honour the gods and give them their due.

It is especially wonderful quirites as we can celebrate as Romans! We're not an interest group, or fans of Rome..

We are modern day Romans who worship the gods and proudly live our Romanitas!

Be proud of yourselfs, your efforts, to be Roman!
dea Palatua nobis favet!
M. Hortensia Maior

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Christer Edling <christer.edling@...> wrote:
>
> Salvete Quirites!
>
> Today I have held the following small ceremony to celebrate Parilia.
>
> **********************
>
> Ave Palatua et Salvete Quirites!
>
> To honor the city of Rome and Palatua, the Protectress of Mons
> Palatinus this the 2763th Parilia of Rome, which is the 12th Parilia
> of Nova Roma, I will do this ceremony, as it might have been done in
> ancient Rome and as I do it regulary:
>
> "I give a grain of salt representing the beginning of the City by the
> Via Salaria.
>
> DOMINA, ANTIQVA, MATER VRBIS AETERNAE.
> Lady!, Ancient One!, Mother of the Eternal City!
>
> ADES! SALVE PALATVA
> Be Thou present! Hail, O Palatua!
>
> {supplicant performs the Adoratio, and continues:}
>
> TE {touching breast) PRECOR QVAESOQVE
> I pray and beseech Thee,
>
> VT DES PACEM PROPITIA VENIAMQVE
> that Thou mayest propitiously grant peace and favor
>
> VRBI ET ORBI;
> to the City and the World;
>
> VTI NVNQVAM DESOLES TVAM POPVLVM ROMANVM,
> that Thou mayest never abandon Thy Roman People,
>
> HIC ET NVNCT VBICVMQVE ET SEMPER.
> here and now, everywhere and always.
>
> ERGO TIBI OFFERO HOC THVS:
> Therefore, to Thee I offer this grain:
>
> {The supplicant now offers a few grains, then concludes with the
> words:}
>
> ITA EST! ILLICET.
> So mote it be! So may it be granted!"
>
>
> *****************
> Vale
>
> Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus
>
> Consul Iterum
> Princeps Senatus et Flamen Palatualis
> Civis Romanus sum
> http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page
> ************************************************
> Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
> "I'll either find a way or make one"
> ************************************************
> Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
> Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
> ************************************************
> Mons Palatinus, Clivus Victoriae
> Palatine Hill, Incline of Victoriae
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75669 From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: PARILIA (2763rd Birthday of Rome)
CN LENTVLVS PONTIFEX QVIRITIBVS SPD

I inform my fellow citizens that I performed a two hours long ritual to the most supreme Gods of the Nova Roman Republic for the 2763rd anniversary of the founding of Roma Antiqua, some photos were taken, tomorrow I'll send them to you.

No bad omens were noticed, good signs were given by the Gods.

Long live Rome!
Ling live New Rome!







[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75670 From: Vedius Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: Re: PARILIA (2763rd Birthday of Rome)
Salve Consul,

Might I ask the precise nature of those "good signs" you noted?

Vale,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus

Cn. Cornelius Lentulus wrote:
> CN LENTVLVS PONTIFEX QVIRITIBVS SPD
>
> I inform my fellow citizens that I performed a two hours long ritual to the most supreme Gods of the Nova Roman Republic for the 2763rd anniversary of the founding of Roma Antiqua, some photos were taken, tomorrow I'll send them to you.
>
> No bad omens were noticed, good signs were given by the Gods.
>
> Long live Rome!
> Ling live New Rome!
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75671 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: Re: PARILIA (2763rd Birthday of Rome)
Maior Vedio spd;
Gn. Cornelius Lentulus is not a consul, Vedi, he's a pontifex.
optime vale
Maior

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Vedius <vedius@...> wrote:
>
> Salve Consul,
>
> Might I ask the precise nature of those "good signs" you noted?
>
> Vale,
>
> Flavius Vedius Germanicus
>
> Cn. Cornelius Lentulus wrote:
> > CN LENTVLVS PONTIFEX QVIRITIBVS SPD
> >
> > I inform my fellow citizens that I performed a two hours long ritual to the most supreme Gods of the Nova Roman Republic for the 2763rd anniversary of the founding of Roma Antiqua, some photos were taken, tomorrow I'll send them to you.
> >
> > No bad omens were noticed, good signs were given by the Gods.
> >
> > Long live Rome!
> > Ling live New Rome!
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------------
> >
> > Yahoo! Groups Links
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75672 From: Vedius Date: 2010-04-21
Subject: Re: PARILIA (2763rd Birthday of Rome)
Gadzooks you're right of course. Force of habit. My apologies.

FVG

rory12001 wrote:
> Maior Vedio spd;
> Gn. Cornelius Lentulus is not a consul, Vedi, he's a pontifex.
> optime vale
> Maior
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Vedius <vedius@...> wrote:
>
>> Salve Consul,
>>
>> Might I ask the precise nature of those "good signs" you noted?
>>
>> Vale,
>>
>> Flavius Vedius Germanicus
>>
>> Cn. Cornelius Lentulus wrote:
>>
>>> CN LENTVLVS PONTIFEX QVIRITIBVS SPD
>>>
>>> I inform my fellow citizens that I performed a two hours long ritual to the most supreme Gods of the Nova Roman Republic for the 2763rd anniversary of the founding of Roma Antiqua, some photos were taken, tomorrow I'll send them to you.
>>>
>>> No bad omens were noticed, good signs were given by the Gods.
>>>
>>> Long live Rome!
>>> Ling live New Rome!
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Yahoo! Groups Links
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75673 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-22
Subject: a. d. X Kalendas Maias: PARILIA continued
M. Moravius Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Alma Palas nos faveat.

Hodie est ante diem X Kalendas Maias; haec dies nefastus est: Vergiliae cum sole oriuntur, Africus vel Auster, dies umidus.

Yesterday being the 2763th anniversary of the Founding of Rome, with all that it entailed, I did not write about the other festivities to occur on 21 April. These include the celebrations of Parilia, part public and part private, part rural and part urban. And then, too, yesterday was also the birthday of the founder of the religio Romana, Numa Pompilius.

756 BCE: Birth of Numa Pompilius

"Numa belonged to a conspicuous city of the Sabines called Cures, from which the Romans, together with the incorporated Sabines, took the joint name of Quirites. He was a son of Pompon, an illustrious man, and was the youngest of four brothers. He was born, moreover, by some divine felicity, on the very day when Rome was founded by Romulus, that is, the twenty-first day of April. By natural temperament he was inclined to the practice of every virtue, and he had subdued himself still more by discipline, endurance of hardships, and the study of wisdom. He had thus put away from himself not only the infamous passions of the soul, but also that violence and rapacity which are in such high repute among Barbarians, believing that true bravery consisted in the subjugation of one's passions by reason. On this account he banished from his house all luxury and extravagance, and while citizen and stranger alike found in him a faultless judge and counsellor, he devoted his hours of privacy and leisure, not to enjoyments and money-making, but to the service of the Gods, and the rational contemplation of Their nature and power. In consequence he had a great name and fame, so that Tatius, the royal colleague of Romulus at Rome, made him the husband of his only daughter, Tatia. He was not, however, so exalted by his marriage as to go to dwell with his royal father-in law, but remained among the Sabines ministering to his aged father. Tatia, too, preferred the quiet life which her husband led as a private citizen to the honour and fame which she had enjoyed at Rome because of her father. But she died, as we are told, in the thirteenth year after her marriage." ~ Plutarch, Life of Numa 3.4-7


PARILIA

"Kindly Pales, if I respect your festival, then aid me as I sing of pastoral rites. Indeed, I've often brought ashes of a calf, and stalks of beans, in chaste purification, in my full hands. Indeed, I've leapt the threefold line of flames, and the wet laurel's sprinkled me with dew. The Goddess, moved, blesses the work: my ship sets sail: may favourable winds fill my sails. Go, people: bring fumigants from the Virgin's altar: Vesta will grant them, Vesta's gift will purify. The fumigants are horse blood and calf's ashes, and thirdly the stripped stalks of stringy beans." ~ P. Ovidius Naso, Fasti 4.723-734

There were apparently two Parilia rituals. Ovid, above, first refers to the urban ritual of purification. This must have been a public ritual, part of the sacra publica, since it involved public sacerdotes and februa from other sacra publica. The Vestales Virgines provided two of the ingredients for the purifying fumigants. First, the dried blood of a horse came from no less than the October Horse; that is, the inner lead horse from the victorious team of races held in honor of Mars on the Ides of October. This was combined with the ashes of the calf drawn by the Vestales Virgines from a cow's womb at Fordicidia. The calf ash and dried blood mixture were then dusted over smouldering bean stalks set out in at least three rows, to create the smoke that people passed through by leaping over the bean-stalks. The intent of this rite as a purification is brought out more by Ovid's mention of his then being aspersed by use of the laurel.


Then other ritual, from which the urban ritual derived, was a purification of flocks, and thus the rual ritual. This would have been a rivate ritual performed on various estates and small farms. Ovid describes it in the passage that follows.

"Shepherd, purify your sated sheep at twilight: First sprinkle the ground with water, and sweep it, and decorate the sheepfold with leaves and branches, and hide the festive door with a trailing garland. Make dark smoke with pure burning sulphur, and let the sheep bleat, in contact with the smoke. Burn male-olive wood, and pine, and juniper fronds, and let scorched laurel crackle in the hearth. Let a basket of millet keep the millet cakes company: the rural Goddess particularly loves that food. Add meats, and a pail of Her milk, and when the meat is cut, offer the warm milk, pray to sylvan Pales, saying:

"'Protect the cattle and masters alike: and drive everything harmful from my stalls. If I've fed sheep on sacred ground, sat under a sacred tree, while they've unwittingly browsed the grass on graves. If I've entered a forbidden grove, or the nymphs And the half-goat god, have fled at sight of me; if my knife has pruned the copse of a shady bough, to fill a basket of leaves for a sick ewe; forgive me. Don't count it against me, if I've sheltered my flock, while it hailed, in some rustic shrine. Don't harm me for troubling the pools. Nymphs. Forgive, if trampling hooves have muddied your waters. Goddess, placate the springs, and placate their divinities on our behalf, and the Gods too, scattered in every grove. Let us not gaze on Dryads, or on Diana bathing, nor on Faunus, as He lies in the fields at noon. Drive off disease: let men and beasts be healthy, and healthy the vigilant pack of wakeful dogs. May I drive back as many sheep as dawn revealed, nor sigh returning with fleeces snatched from the wolves. Avert dire famine: let leaves and grass be abundant, and water to wash the body, water to drink. May I press full udders, may my cheeses bring me money, may the wicker sieve strain my liquid whey. And let the ram be lusty, his mate conceive and bear, and may there be many a lamb in my fold. And let the wool prove soft, not scratch the girls, let it everywhere be kind to gentle hands. Let my prayer be granted, and every year we'll make huge cakes for Pales, Mistress of the shepherds.'

"Please the Goddess in this way: four times, facing east, say these words, and wash your hands with fresh dew. Then set a wooden dish, to be your mixing bowl, and drink the creamy milk and the purple must. Then leap, with nimble feet and straining thighs, over the crackling heaps of burning straw." ~ P. Ovidius Naso, Fasti 4.735-782

In the first, urban ritual purification comes from participation in the annual cycle of the sacra publica. The use of februa drawn from animal victims of sacra publica implies as much. Comparable, perhaps, is where a sacerdos places a wool fillet around his or her head to signify that the sacerdos is ritually pure. These fillets were either white or red, depending on the kind of purification one went through, as the red fillets were dyed by the blood of a sacrificial victim (usually a pig offered to ones' Lares), where white would imply purification through ritual bathing and abstinence or similar rites, but not an immolatio. The urban ritual involves februa that came from previous rituals to celestial Gods, linking Pales of the Palatine to the Di caelestes. In the second purification ritual, held in rural areas, the use of sulfur as a fumigant means it was intended to ward off disease by calling upon those deities who cause disease to return from whence they had come in the Underworld. The prayer that Ovid gives is directed more to terrestrial deities – Faunus, Dryads, Nymphs, and a host of other minor deities associated with rustic labors. Besides the shepherds and their flocks, the sheep stalls were also purified, and decorated as well. Actually the purification began at the stalls, as the first light of dawn appeared, through the method of sweeping and aspersing the stalls with pure water, before decorating them with boughs from the nurturing forest. Next the shepherds would bring offerings to Pales; perhaps to a wooden image of Her, as Tibullus relates:

"Romulus had not yet laid out the walls of the eternal City, no place for his brother Remus: but the cattle grazed then on a grassy Palatine, and humble huts stood on the heights of Jove. There Pan was drenched with milk in the holm oak's shade, and Pales was cut from wood by a rural knife, and the garrulous pipes, sacred to the woodland God, hung on a tree, an offering from the wandering shepherd." ~ A. Tibullus 2.5.23-30

This sacrifice for Pales would seem to have included a meal shared with the Goddess, much as with the meal shared with Feronia while standing. The meal was completed by drinking a mixture of fresh warm milk mixed with heated must of wine. It was only after one began to feel the influence of the wine and fumes, and the influence of the ritual itself, that one began to leap, and lead his flock over smouldering hay on which sulfur had been spread as a purifying fumigant. Where the urban ritual is based in fides, where purifications comes more or less from participation in sacra publica, the rural ritual has both an expulsion of disease-causing influences and an invitation to Pales to extend Her protection over those who participate, in fides, with Her in a shared meal. There are these as well as some other similarities and differences between the urban and rural rituals, with the latter said to have been the earlier ritual, before Romulus.


AUC 710 / 43 BCE: Cicero delivers the Fourteenth Philippic against Anthony.

Following the Battle of Mutina, Cicero delivered his final Phillippic against Marus Antonoius

"The swords, O conscript fathers, of our legions and armies have been stained with, or rather, I should say, dipped deep in blood in two battles which have taken place under the consuls, and a third, which has been fought under the command of Caesar. If it was the blood of enemies, then great is the piety of the soldiers; but it is nefarious wickedness if it was the blood of citizens. How long, then, is that man, who has surpassed all enemies in wickedness, to be spared the name of enemy? unless you wish to see the very swords of our soldiers trembling in their hands while they doubt whether they are piercing a citizen or an enemy. You vote a supplication; you do not call Antonius an enemy. Very pleasing indeed to the immortal gods will our thanksgivings be, very pleasing too the victims, after a multitude of our citizens has been slain! "For the victory" says the proposer of the supplication, "over wicked and audacious men." For that is what this most illustrious man calls them; expressions of blame suited to lawsuits carried on in the city, not denunciations of searing infamy such as deserved by internecine war. I suppose they are forging wills, or trespassing on their neighbors, or cheating some young men; for it is men implicated in these and similar practices that we are in the habit of terming wicked and audacious. One man, the foulest of all banditti, is waging an irreconcilable war against four consuls. He is at the same time carrying on war against the senate and people of Rome. He is (although he is himself hastening to destruction; through the disasters which he has met with) threatening all of us with destruction, and devastation, and torments, and tortures. He declares that that inhuman and savage act of Dolabella's, which no nation of barbarians would have owned, was done by his advice; and what he himself would do in this city, if this very Jupiter, who now looks down upon us assembled in his temple, had not repelled him from this temple and from these walls, he showed, in the miseries of those inhabitants of Parma, whom, virtuous and honorable men as they were, and most intimately connected with the authority of this order, and with the dignity of the Roman people, that villain and monster, Lucius Antonius, that object of the extraordinary detestation of all men, and (if the Gods hate those whom They ought) of all the Gods also, murdered with every circumstance of cruelty. My mind shudders at the recollection, O conscript fathers, and shrinks from relating the cruelties which Lucius Antonius perpetrated on the children and wives of the citizens of Parma. For whatever infamy the Antonii have willingly undergone in their own persons to their own infamy, they triumph in the fact of having inflicted on others by violence. But it is a miserable violence which they offered to them; most unholy lust, such as the whole life of the Antonii is polluted with." ~ M. Tullius Cicero, the Fourteenth and Last Philippic Against M. Antonius 14..6-8

Milder in his criticism of Antonius than in the other Phillipics, the proposal of Cicero here was really to honor Hirtius and Pansa, the two consuls who died as a result of the battle, as imperatores, and honor Caesar Octavianus, to erect a monument to the fallen soldiers, and to pay out rewards to the soldiers, or to the relatives of the soldiers who had died on the campaign to relieve the city from seige.


Our thought for today is from Sextus, Sentences 82, 85-86.

"He does not know a God who does not worship Him. He who thinks that there is a God, and that nothing is taken care of by Him, differs in no respect from him who does not believe that there is a God. He honors the Gods in the best manner who renders his intellect as much as possible similar to a God."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75674 From: M Iul Perusianus Date: 2010-04-23
Subject: Celebrations in Rome
Avete omnes,



a video from the celebration in Rome, this very sunday (this was the
starting point of the parade at the Circus Maximus).



<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c4ui7Yz_MM>
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c4ui7Yz_MM



At the celebrations, along the weekend, about a dozen of NR Italic citizens
(and citizens from the Nr Urbs, of course) were present as it's now a usual
happening in Rome



valete optime and a happy birthday to the beloved Urbs for tomorrow!





M IVL PERVSIANVS

PS. thanks to P.Fab. Barbatus for this video. Later some pics from other
citizens





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75675 From: Kirsteen Wright Date: 2010-04-23
Subject: Re: Celebrations in Rome
Beautiful - thank you so much for sharing

Flavia Lucilla Merula

On Fri, Apr 23, 2010 at 8:09 AM, M Iul Perusianus <peraznanie@...>wrote:

> Avete omnes,
>
>
>
> a video from the celebration in Rome, this very sunday (this was the
> starting point of the parade at the Circus Maximus).
>
>
>
> <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c4ui7Yz_MM>
> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c4ui7Yz_MM
>
>
>
> At the celebrations, along the weekend, about a dozen of NR Italic citizens
> (and citizens from the Nr Urbs, of course) were present as it's now a usual
> happening in Rome
>
>
>
> valete optime and a happy birthday to the beloved Urbs for tomorrow!
>
>
>
>
>
> M IVL PERVSIANVS
>
> PS. thanks to P.Fab. Barbatus for this video. Later some pics from other
> citizens
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75676 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-23
Subject: roman news find in Scotland
M. Hortensia Quiritibus spd;
just got this from Firmus' facebook link a discovery of Roman altar stones in Scotland!
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/8640741.stm
Euge
vale
Maior
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75677 From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com Date: 2010-04-24
Subject: Reminder Ludi Apollinares, 4/24/2010, 12:00 pm
Reminder from:   Nova-Roma Yahoo! Group
 
Title:   Reminder Ludi Apollinares
 
Date:   Saturday April 24, 2010
Time:   12:00 pm - 1:00 pm
Repeats:   This event repeats every week until Friday July 9, 2010.
Location:   Ludi Apollinares
Notes:   Don't forget to be inspired and start your project for the Ludi honoring Apollo!

http://www.novaroma.org/nr/MMDCCLXIII/Ludi_Apollinares
 
Copyright © 2010  Yahoo! Inc. All Rights Reserved | Terms of Service | Privacy Policy
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75678 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-24
Subject: a. d. VII Kalendas Maias: Fall of Troy; Battle of Crimesus
M. Moravius Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Deus salvere vos iubet

Hodie est ante diem VIII Kalendas Maias; haec dies comitialis est: Prima nocte Fidicula apparet, tempestatem significat.

1184 BCE: The Fall of Troy

Today is one of the dates calculated as the Fall of Troy. It is, therefore, the anniversary of when Aeneas, bearing his father Anchises and the Penates of Ilium, along with his wife Creusa and their young son Ascanius, fled the fires of Troy. Outside the city, in the sacred grove of Ceres, Creusa was lost, only to reappear as Ceres to urge Aeneas on to found a new city.


AUC 414 / 339 BC: Battle of Crimesus

Carthage and Syracusa met in battle to determine control of eastern Sicily. This was just one of several Punic wars fought by Syracusa before Rome entered. Timoleon of Thebes, sent to assist Syracusa in Sicily, laid a trap for the Carthaginian army as it crossed the Crimesus River. It was one of the most brilliant ambushes in history. Timoleon's smaller force waited on high ground overlooking the Carthagenian line of advance. The Carthagenian column advanced as though on parade with its commander in front riding in his chariot. The Greeks waited until half of the enemy column had crossed the river. On Timoleon's right the objective was to reach the river in order to delay the rest of the Carthagenian army from joining with the head of the column. In the center and left, then, the Greek infantry sought to annihilate the Carthagenians. Our only source for the battle is Plutarch:

"As Timoleon was marching up a hill, from the crest of which they expected to look down upon the camp and the forces of the enemy, there met them by chance some mules laden with parsley; and it occurred to the soldiers that the sign was a bad one, because we are generally accustomed to wreath the tombs of the dead with parsley; and this has given rise to a proverb, namely, that one who is dangerously sick 'needs only parsley.' Accordingly, wishing to free them from their superstitious fears and take away their despondency, Timoleon halted them on their march, and after discoursing otherwise as befitted the occasion, said also that the wreath for their victory had come into their hands in advance and of its own accord, the wreath with which Corinthians crown the victors at the Isthmian games, considering the garland of parsley to be traditionally sacred in their country. For at that time parsley was still used for wreaths at the Isthmian, as it is now at the Nemean games, and it was not long ago that the pine came into use instead. Accordingly, when Timoleon had addressed his soldiers, as I have said, he took of the parsley and crowned himself with it first, and then the captains and the common soldiers about him did the same. Moreover, the soothsayers, observing two eagles coming up on the wing, one of which bore a serpent pierced with its talons, while the other flew with a loud and inspiring cry, pointed them out to the soldiers, and all betook themselves to invoking the Gods with prayers.

"Now, the season of the year was early summer, the month of Thargelion was drawing to a close, and the summer solstice was near; the river exhaled a thick mist which at first hid the plain in darkness, and nothing could be seen in the enemy's camp, only an inarticulate and confused noise made its way up to the hill, showing that the vast host was moving forward. But after the Corinthians had ascended the hill, where they stopped, laid down their shields, and rested themselves, the sun was passing the meridian and drawing the vapours on high, the thick haze moved in masses towards the heights and hung in clouds about the mountain summits, while the regions below cleared up, the Crimesus came into view, and the enemy were seen crossing it, in the van their four-horse chariots formidably arrayed for battle, and behind these ten thousand men-at-arms with white shields. These the Corinthians conjectured to be Carthaginians, from the splendour of their armour and the slowness and good order of their march. After these the other nations streamed on and were making the crossing in tumultuous confusion. Then Timoleon, noticing that the river was putting it in their power to cut off and engage with whatever numbers of the enemy they themselves desired, and bidding the soldiers observe that the phalanx of the enemy was sundered by the river, since some of them had already crossed, while others were about to do so, ordered Demaretus to take the horsemen and fall upon the Carthaginians and throw their ranks into confusion before their array was yet formed. Then he himself, descending into the plain, assigned the wings to the other Sicilian Greeks, uniting a few of his mercenaries with each wing, while he took the Syracusans and the best fighters among his mercenaries under his own command in the centre. Then he waited a little while, watching what his horsemen would do, and when he saw that they were unable to come to close quarters with the Carthaginians on account of the chariots which coursed up and down in front of their lines, but were forced to wheel about continually that their ranks might not be broken, and to make their charges in quick succession after facing about again, he took up his shield and shouted to his infantrymen to follow and be of good courage; and his voice seemed stronger than usual and more than human, whether it was from emotion that he made it so loud, in view of the struggle and the enthusiasm which it inspired, or whether, as most felt at the time, some deity joined in his utterance. Then, his men re-echoing his shout, and begging him to lead them on without delay, he signalled to his horsemen to ride along outside and past the line of chariots and attack the enemy on the flank, while he himself made his vanguard lock their shields in close array, ordered the trumpet to sound the charge, and fell upon the Carthaginians.

"But these withstood his first onset sturdily, and owing to the iron breastplates and bronze helmets with which their persons were protected, and the great shields which they held in front of them, repelled the spear thrusts. But when the struggle came to swords and the work required skill no less than strength, suddenly, from the hills, fearful peals of thunder crashed down, and vivid flashes of lightning darted forth with them. Then the darkness hovering over the hills and mountain summits came down to the field of battle, mingled with rain, wind, and hail. It enveloped the Greeks from behind and smote their backs, but it smote the Barbarians in the face and dazzled their eyes, a tempest of rain and continuous flames dashing from the clouds. In all this there was much that gave distress, and most of all to the inexperienced; and particularly, as it would seem, the peals of thunder worked harm, and the clatter of the armour smitten by the dashing rain and hail, which made it impossible to hear the commands of the leaders. Besides, since the Carthaginians were not lightly equipped, but, as I have said, encased in armour, both the mud and the bosoms of their tunics filled with water impeded them, so that they were unwieldy and ineffective in their fighting, and easily upset by the Greeks, and when they had once fallen it was impossible for them to rise again from the mud with their weapons. For the Crimesus, having been already greatly swollen by the rains, was forced over its banks by those who were crossing it, and the adjacent plain, into which many glens and ravines opened from the hills, was filled with streams that hurried along no fixed channels, and in these the Carthaginians wallowed about and were hard beset. Finally, the storm still assailing them, and the Greeks having overthrown their first rank of four hundred men, the main body was put to flight. Many were overtaken in the plain and cut to pieces, and many the river dashed upon and carried away to destruction as they encountered those who were still trying to cross, but most of them the light-armed Greeks ran upon and despatched as they were making for the hills. At any rate, it is said that among ten thousand dead bodies, three thousand were those of Carthaginians — a great affliction for the city. For no others were superior to these in birth or wealth or reputation, nor is it recorded that so many native Carthaginians ever perished in a single battle before, but they used Libyans for the most part and Iberians and Numidians for their battles, and thus sustained their defeats at the cost of other nations.

"The rank of those who had fallen was made known to the Greeks from the spoils. For those who stripped the bodies made very little account of bronze and iron; so abundant was silver, so abundant gold. For they crossed the river and seized the camp with its baggage-trains. As for the prisoners, most of them were stolen away and hidden by the soldiers, but as many as five thousand were delivered into the public stock; there were also captured two hundred of the four-horse chariots. But the most glorious and magnificent sight was presented by the tent of Timoleon, which was heaped about with all sorts of spoils, among which a thousand breast-plates of superior workmanship and beauty and ten thousand shields were exposed to view. And as there were but few to strip many, and the booty they came upon was great, it was the third day after the battle before they could erect their trophy.

"Along with the report of his victory Timoleon sent to Corinth the most beautiful of the captured armour, wishing that his own native city should be envied of all men, when in her alone of Greek cities they saw the most conspicuous temples, not adorned with Greek spoils, nor possessed of joyless memorials in the shape of votive offerings from the slaughter of kinsmen and fellow citizens, but decked with barbarian spoils which set forth in fairest inscriptions the justice as well as the valour of the victors, declaring that Corinthians and Timoleon their general set the Greeks dwelling in Sicily free from Carthaginians, and thus dedicated thank-offerings to the Gods." ~ Plutarch, Life of Timoleon 26-29


27 BCE: Tiberius Claudius Nero, future emperor Tiberius, dons the toga virilis


Our thought for today is from Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 4.24:

"'If thou wouldst be tranquil,' says Democritus, 'do little.' May it not be better to consider: Do what is necessary, and whatever the reason of a naturally social being requires, and the way reason requires it done? For this brings not only the tranquility of doing right action well, and also of little action. Most of what we say and do is unnecessary: remove the superfluous, and you will have more time and less bother. Accordingly on every occasion a man should ask himself, Is this one of the unnecessary things? Now a man should take away not only unnecessary acts, but also, unnecessary thoughts, for thus superfluous acts will not follow after."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75679 From: Perusianus Date: 2010-04-24
Subject: Re: Celebrations in Rome
Avete omnes,



some pics of the beautiful days in Rome:


http://www.flickr.com/photos/pomerium/galleries/72157623794029579/



http://www.flickr.com/photos/pomerium/galleries/72157623896822078/



valete

M IVL PERVSIANVS


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Kirsteen Wright <kirsteen.falconsfan@...> wrote:
>
> Beautiful - thank you so much for sharing
>
> Flavia Lucilla Merula
>
> On Fri, Apr 23, 2010 at 8:09 AM, M Iul Perusianus <peraznanie@...>wrote:
>
> > Avete omnes,
> >
> >
> >
> > a video from the celebration in Rome, this very sunday (this was the
> > starting point of the parade at the Circus Maximus).
> >
> >
> >
> > <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c4ui7Yz_MM>
> > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c4ui7Yz_MM
> >
> >
> >
> > At the celebrations, along the weekend, about a dozen of NR Italic citizens
> > (and citizens from the Nr Urbs, of course) were present as it's now a usual
> > happening in Rome
> >
> >
> >
> > valete optime and a happy birthday to the beloved Urbs for tomorrow!
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > M IVL PERVSIANVS
> >
> > PS. thanks to P.Fab. Barbatus for this video. Later some pics from other
> > citizens
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------------
> >
> > Yahoo! Groups Links
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75680 From: Vedius Date: 2010-04-24
Subject: Re: Celebrations in Rome
Salve,

Really, really excellent stuff. It's so good to see people getting
together in the real world.

Vale,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus


Perusianus wrote:
> Avete omnes,
>
>
>
> some pics of the beautiful days in Rome:
>
>
> http://www.flickr.com/photos/pomerium/galleries/72157623794029579/
>
>
>
> http://www.flickr.com/photos/pomerium/galleries/72157623896822078/
>
>
>
> valete
>
> M IVL PERVSIANVS
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Kirsteen Wright <kirsteen.falconsfan@...> wrote:
>
>> Beautiful - thank you so much for sharing
>>
>> Flavia Lucilla Merula
>>
>> On Fri, Apr 23, 2010 at 8:09 AM, M Iul Perusianus <peraznanie@...>wrote:
>>
>>
>>> Avete omnes,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> a video from the celebration in Rome, this very sunday (this was the
>>> starting point of the parade at the Circus Maximus).
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c4ui7Yz_MM>
>>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c4ui7Yz_MM
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> At the celebrations, along the weekend, about a dozen of NR Italic citizens
>>> (and citizens from the Nr Urbs, of course) were present as it's now a usual
>>> happening in Rome
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> valete optime and a happy birthday to the beloved Urbs for tomorrow!
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> M IVL PERVSIANVS
>>>
>>> PS. thanks to P.Fab. Barbatus for this video. Later some pics from other
>>> citizens
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Yahoo! Groups Links
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>>
>>
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75681 From: petronius_dexter Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: Celebrations in Rome
C. Petronius Fl. Vedio salutem dicit,

> Really, really excellent stuff. It's so good to see people getting
> together in the real world.

It seems that you are exceeded by your creation and Nova Roma is beyond all us.

Optime vale.

C. Petronius Dexter
Arcoiali scribebat
A. d. VII Kalendas Maias P. Memmio K. Fabio II coss.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75682 From: Marcus Quirinus Sulla Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: I: [Flickr] giannidedom ( the Cropman) ha condiviso un set Flickr co
--- Dom 25/4/10, giannidedom ( the Cropman) via Flickr <no-reply-35736600N00@...> ha scritto:

Da: giannidedom ( the Cropman) via Flickr <no-reply-35736600N00@...>
Oggetto: [Flickr] giannidedom ( the Cropman) ha condiviso un set Flickr con te
A: giannidedom@...
Data: Domenica 25 Aprile 2010, 08:06



#yiv624046674 .Helpful .flickremail td{border:none;padding:0;margin:0;}
#yiv624046674 .flickremail table td, #yiv624046674 .flickremail div{font-family:arial !important;}








 

















Ciao giannidedom ( the Cropman)!




giannidedom ( the Cropman)
ha condiviso un set Flickr con te.






natale di Roma 2010- sfilata gruppi storici







Un set di giannidedom ( the Cropman)
















































































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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75683 From: petronius_dexter Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: PARILIA (2763rd Birthday of Rome)
C. Petronius Cn. Lentulo suo s.p.d.,

> I inform my fellow citizens that I performed a two hours long ritual to the most supreme Gods of the Nova Roman Republic for the 2763rd anniversary of the founding of Roma Antiqua, some photos were taken, tomorrow I'll send them to you.

I think that this kind of ritual to ancient Rome has a real effect if it is performed at Rome herself.

> No bad omens were noticed, good signs were given by the Gods.

Did you see omens between the Graecostasis and the Rostra? Or scanning the sky above the Palatine mount? ;o)

But for Nova Roma a spiritual and everywhere civitas, obviously I think your ritual is acceptable...

Optime vale.

C. Petronius Dexter
Arcoiali scribebat
A. d. VII Kalendas Maias P. Memmio K. Fabio II coss.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75684 From: Christer Edling Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: The Ninth Consular edict CFBQ on taxation for 2763 A.U.C.
Ex Officio Consulis Caesonis Fabii Buteonis Quintiliani

The Ninth Consular edict CFBQ on taxation for 2763 A.U.C.

I. The basic Tax payments for this year, 2763 A.U.C. (AD 2010), will
be accepted until 15th June 2763 A.U.C at 23:59 Roman time.

II. The Tax Rate Table with comments ands advises for 2763 can be
found in the Nova Roma web at
http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Tax_rate_MMDCCLXIII

III. Taxes paid after the deadline of 15th of June 2763 A.U.C. shall
be increased with 50 % of basic taxes.

IV: This year's Senatus Consultum on taxes allow the Governors to
require from the Senate the authorization to collect the decided
annual tax amount from the citizens of their province. This request
will be sent at any time to the Consules so that the Senate may issue
such an authorization.

V. Governors given the authorization to collect the annual tax from
citizens of their province, may keep in the provincial treasury and on
behalf on Nova Roma, 50% of collected funds for use within the
province. The remaining half, minus transfer fees, shall be, if still
in the hands of the governor, transferred to the central treasury.

VI. Each provincial governor is required to copy this edict to their
provincial lists (where applicable). Each of Nova Roma's official
interpreters is required to translate this edict into the language(s)
for which they are responsible. The appendix (see the website) to this
edictum contains advices to citizens and should be forwarded/
translated with the main document.

VII. This Edictum becomes effective immediately.

Given under my hand the 25th of April 2763 A.U.C. (AD 2010), in the
year of the Consulship of P. Memmius Albucius and the Second
Consulship of K.Fabius Buteo Quintilianus, 2763 AUC.

*****************
Vale

Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus

Consul Iterum
Princeps Senatus et Flamen Palatualis
Civis Romanus sum
http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page
************************************************
Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
"I'll either find a way or make one"
************************************************
Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
************************************************
Mons Palatinus, Clivus Victoriae
Palatine Hill, Incline of Victoriae
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75685 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: a. d. VII Kalendas Maias: ROBIGALIA; Serapeum Quirinale
M. Moravius Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Aspera Robigo, parcas Cerialibus herbis et tu ne viola Cererem

Hodie est ante diem VII Kalendas Maias; haec dies nefastus est: ROBIGALIA Feriae Robigo via Claudia ad milliarium V ne Robigo frumentis noceat. Sacrificium et ludi cursoribus maioribus minoribusque fiunt. Festus est puerorum lenoniorum, quia proximus superior meretricum. Prima nocte Fidicula apparet, tempestatem significat.

ROBIGALIA

"Spare Ceres' grain, O scabby Robigo, let the tips of sprouting shoots gently quiver above rich soil. Let the crops grow, nurtured in turn as each star passes through the heavens, until full and ripe they are readied for the scythe. Your power is not light. What grain You touch, the farmer notes as lost. Wind and rain damage Ceres' grain enough, and by glistening white snow is burnt. Worst still if the stalks are damp when the Titan sears them, Your season of anger, fearful Goddess, when Sirius rises with the sun, spare them, I pray. Away with scabrous hands from the harvest. Do not harm the cultivated fields. The power to harm is enough. May You not grasp the crops, but embrace hard iron. Destroy first whatever else is able to destroy.
Better to seize the destructive spear and sword, for they have no use, when the world puts forth quiet peace. Now may glimmer the light hoes and rough two-pronged hoes and let the arcing plow shine, polished from rural work. Corrupt iron weapons instead with Your rust.
And may any impulse to draw sword be thwarted by sheaths rusted from long neglect. Do not violate Ceres, but allow the farmer time to fulfill his vows for Your absence." ~ P. Ovidius Naso, Fasti 4.911-32


With the evening setting of the Dog Star, Siris, spring tempests begin that could threaten new crops with mildew. In particular wheat was susceptible to a fungal rust at this time of year. The evening setting of Siris will actually occur on or about 6 May, which also accords with the Julian calendar reckoning for Robigalia.

The ritual for Robigalia had the Flamen Quirinalis go out in the evening along the Via Claudia to the fifth mile marker, away from the City, where Robigo had a sanctuary north-west of Rome. There he offered sacrifice to Robigus and/or Robigo. Verrius Flaccus (CIL 1: 236, 316) and Varro (Ling. Lat. 6.16) considered today's sacrifices as offered to the minor god Robigus. Ovid (Fasti 4.907-932) and Columella (Rust. 10.342), among others, instead addressed their prayers to the goddess Robigo. The sacrifice was made at night since, like other diseases, grain rust would have been associated with the darkness of the Underworld and the night, when the spirits came out, was thought the most appropriate time to ward off disease. The sacrifice was the exta of sheep and of suckling puppies. Festus informs us that preferred were "reddish puppies wholly burnt in sacrifice, in order to induce the red-haired grain, when matured, to ripen into a golden wheat crop (p. 285)." Siris is the Dog Star, or Alpha Canis Maior, which would seem to be a reason that puppies were offered to her. However dogs and puppies were used in other sacrifices to Underworld spirits as well, and also in sacrifices for Hercules.

An Augurium Canarium, mentioned by Pliny as made from the exta of a female dog, was made around this time, too:

"We read in the Commentarii Pontificum to the following effect: 'For deriving an augury from the sacrifice of a bitch, a day should be set apart before the ear of corn appears from out of the sheath, and then again before it enters the sheath.'" ~ G. Plinius Secundus, Historia Naturalis 18.3 (14)

This excerpt indicates that Robigalia was not held on a fixed date, as in imperial times, but relied instead on observance of Siris, just as other festivals were set by observance of other stars.


AUC 349 / 404 BCE: End of the Peloponnesian War; Athens surrenders to Sparta.


AUC 821 / 68 CE: Traditional date of the death of Mark the Evangelist

John Mark of Cyrene, attributed as the author of the earliest canonical gospel, was said to have been a companion of Paul (Acts 12: 25). Passing through Alexandria, he angered the local Jewish community by arguing against the traditions of their forefathers and that they adopt the new religion of Paul. The crowds were said to have tied him to horses and dragged him through the street of the city until he died. Later myths painted a different story of who he was and how he died.


AUC 970 / 217 CE: Festival of Serapis and Isis

The setting of Siris co-incides with the setting of Orion who was identified with Osiris in Egyptian traditions. Under the Ptolemies, the official religion included worship of the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, or Osiris-Apis whom the Greeks identified with Zeus. Roman merchants in the east, mostly from southern Italy, had adopted Serapis and Isis by the last century before the common era. Isis was seen as a guardian of sailors. During the sack of Delos by Mithridates, and again in Asia when Mithridates had ordered all Romans to be executed, the temple of Serapis had provided sanctuary to Romans. A collegium of pastophori was said to have originated shortly after, during the dictatorship of Sulla. Before 58 BCE statues and altars had been clandistinely erected inside the pomoerium, even on the Capitoline Hill. The Senate had ordered such foreign altars removed from inside the pomoerium and torn down. On 1 January 58 BCE militant Isiacs disrupted the New Year sacrifices of consul Gabinius because he had not done anything in favor of Isis and Serapis. In the political struggles leading up to the Civil Wars, the Isiacs came into the camp of Clodius, opposed to the supporters of Cybele in the Senate. As soon as their shrines, altars, and statues were torn down, the Isiacs would erect them again. In 53 BCE the Senate took a further step in ordering not only the Isiac shrines from public places but also ordered shrines in private homes destroyed. The Isiacs restored these again, and in 50 BCE, "When the Senate decreed the temples of Isis and Serapis be demolished and none of the workmen dared touch them, consul L. Aemilius Paullus took off his official attire, seized an ax, and struck the doors of that temple (Val. Max. 1.3.4)." And two years later the shrines of Isis and Serapis were again ordered to be demolished. The Isiacs and the street gangs did not play much of a role during the Civil War of Julius Caesar against the Pompeius Magnus. The Second Triumvirs, however, tried to win their support by a promise, in 43 BCE, to build an official temple for Isis and Serapis. That plan was abandoned, though, when Octavian and Anthony, supported by Cleopatra of Egypt, fought the last of the Civil Wars. Festivals for the Egyptian Gods were already being celebrated at this time, sine we hear of one of the Republicans, aedilis M. Volusius, escaped the proscriptions of the Triumvirs by disguising himself as Anubis. But following Actium, Augustus prohibited the worship of Isis and Serapis inside Rome proper in 28 BCE. While he was away in 21 BCE Agrippa again had to take action against the followers of Isis and Serapis. A temple of Isis was built in the Campus Martius, presumably with official approval, but a scandal involving the temple had Tiberius order the Iseum razed and the exile of Isiacs and Jews. Caligula, however, rebuilt the Iseum Campense, only to burn down in 80 CE. He was supposedly initiated into Egyptian mysteries, and had Egyptian performances as part of his funeral, as well as festivals for Isis and Egyptian deities included into Roman calendars. Neither Claudius nor Nero seem to have particularly interested in the Egyptian cults, but both were surrounded by people who were, Julia Agrippina the Younger, Nero's mother, being one, and Otho, who first replaced Nero, was another.

In the Year of the Four Caesars, Vespasian, governor of Syria, was supported by the governor of Egypt and by consul Quinctius Atticus at Rome. When the Vitellians then seized Rome and were seeking out supporters of Vespasian, his brother and his youngest son, Domitian, held the Capitolium. Vitellius burnt down Jupiter's temple on 19 Dec. 69 CE, killin g Vespasian's brother, but Domitian managed to escape in the guise of an Egyptian priest. He then hid in the house of a servant to a temple of Isis (Tacitus, Hist. 3.74). Later this sacullum would be torn down by Vespasian and replaced by a Temple of Jupiter Custos. Meanwhile, as Vespasian travelled to back to Rome, he visited Alexandria. Serapis flooded the Nile as a sign of recognition of Vespasian as emperor. In the name of Serapis Vespasian healed the blind and the crippled. Left alone in the Serapeum of Alexandria at night, Vespasian received a oracular vision and a miracle. He must have taken special note of Serapis as a patron deity, for when he arrived in Rome in 70 CE, he and his son Titus spent the night at the Iseum Campense in the Campus Martius before entering the City the next day to celebrate his triumph over Judea. In the imperial apartments on the Palatine, the Domus Flavia apparently had a sacellum for Egyptian cults. Domitian rebuilt the Iseum Campense. The pediment showed Isis riding on the Sothis dog (Siris) and ordered a special obelisk cut for its temple district. Domitian is shown being crowned emperor by Isis, as he is called the "beloved of Isis and Pthah; may he liveas Ra." From at least the time of Domitian, if not earlier with Vespasian, Serapis and Isis became patron deities of the emperors, but even in their time this devotion remained mainly hidden. Officially Domitian worshipped Minerva as his patron. But he had constructed a temple for Minerva Chalcidia, right next to the Iseum Campense, as an assimilation of Isis Neith.

Slowly the cults of Isis and Serapis entered Rome. Festivals were held in the City for Egyptian gods in October and November and again in late April (ILS 8745). Even in the time of Hadrian, who took a special interest in Egypt, where Antinous sacrificed himself for the emperor, the worship of Isis and other Egyptian deities remained larely outside the pomoerium and therefore not official cults of the religio Romana. It was not until the reign of Caracalla that a Temple of Serapis, the Serapeum, was built on the Quirinal Hill, and therefore inside the pomoerium Caracalla was assassinated, however, on 9 April, before he could dedicate the Serapeum. It was instead dedicated on this date under M. Opellius Macrinus, the usurper. Slightly more than a year later Macrinus was dead, and Elagabalus established a new cultus for his own deity, to eclipse Serapis. But already by then Isis and Serapis had been well established into the fabric of the City.


SWEET BASIL

"Ocinum (sweet basil) is derived from the Greek word okeos, meaning what grows quickly, as is the garden clover os similarly named. Further, it is called ocinum as well because it moves the bowels of cattle, and for that reason it is fed to them as a purgative." ~ M. Terrentius Varro, Re Rerum 1.31.4

"The best time for sowing sweet basil (ocimum basilicum), it is said, is at the festival of the Parilia; though some say that it may be done in autumn as well, and recommend, when it is sown in winter, to drench the seed thoroughly with vinegar." ~ C. Plinius Secundus, Historia Naturalis 19.44

"Some persons go so far as to say, that if beaten and then placed beneath a stone, a scorpion will breed there; and that if chewed, and then placed in the sun, worms will breed in it. The people of Africa maintain, too, that if a person is stung by a scorpion the same day on which he has eaten sweet basil, his life cannot possibly be saved. Even more than this, there are some who assert, that if a handful of sweet basil is beaten with ten sea crabs, or with river crabs, all the scorpions in the vicinity will be attracted to it.

"Succeeding ages, again, have warmly defended this plant; it has been maintained, for instance, that goats do eat it, that the mind of no one who has eaten of it is at all affected, and, that mixed with wine, with the addition of a little vinegar, it is a cure for the stings of land scorpions, and the venom of those found in the sea. Experience has proved, too, that the smell of this plant in vinegar is good for fainting fits and lethargy, as well as inflammations; that employed as a cooling liniment, with rose oil, myrtle oil, or vinegar, it is good for headache; and that applied topically with wine, it is beneficial for defluxions of the eyes. It has been found also, that it is good for the stomach; that taken with vinegar, it dispels flatulent eructations; that applications of it arrest fluxes of the bowels; that it acts as a diuretic, and that in this way it is good for jaundice and dropsy, as well as cholera and looseness of the bowels. Hence it is that Philistio has prescribed it even for cœliac affections, and boiled, for dysentery. Some persons, too, though contrary to the opinion of Plistonicus, have given it in wine for tenesmus and spitting of blood, as also for obstructions of the viscera. It is employed, too, as a liniment for the mamillæ, and has the effect of arresting the secretion of the milk. It is very good also for the ears of infants, when applied with goose-grease more particularly. The seed of it, beaten up, and inhaled into the nostrils, is provocative of sneezing, and applied as a liniment to the head, of running at the nostrils: taken in the food, too, with vinegar, it purges the uterus. Mixed with copperas it removes warts. It acts, also, as an aphrodisiac, for which reason it is given to horses and asses at the season for covering." ~ Ibid. 20.48


Our thought for today is from Epictetus, Enchiridion 39

"The body is to everyone the proper measure of its possessions, as the foot is of the shoe. If, therefore, you stop at this, you will keep the measure; but if you move beyond it, you must necessarily be carried forward, as down a precipice; as in the case of a shoe, if you go beyond its fitness to the foot, it comes first to be gilded, then purple, and then studded with jewels. For to that which once exceeds the fit measure there is no bound."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75686 From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: FW: [Explorator] explorator 13.01
Salvete



FYI



Valete



Ti. Galerius Paulinus



To: explorator@yahoogroups.com; BRITARCH@...
From: rogueclassicist@...
Date: Sun, 25 Apr 2010 08:18:06 -0400
Subject: [Explorator] explorator 13.01





================================================================
explorator 13.01 April 25, 2010
================================================================
Editor's note: Most urls should be active for at least eight
hours from the time of publication.

For your computer's protection, Explorator is sent in plain text
and NEVER has attachments. Be suspicious of any Explorator which
arrives otherwise!!!
================================================================
================================================================
Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Diana Wright,
Donna Hurst, Barnea Selavan, Edward Rockstein, Duke Jason Griffiths,
Donna Hurst, Kurt Theis, Richard Price,John McMahon, Thomas W Kavanagh,
Joseph Lauer, Quentin Mackie, Mike Ruggeri,Richard C. Griffiths,
Bob Heuman, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week
(as always hoping I have left no one out).

Heading into our fourteenth year of bringing you the best (and
much of the rest) of archaeo-historico-anthropo-miscellaneanews!)
================================================================
EARLY HUMANS
================================================================
Earliest hominids had our 'precision grip' at least six million
years b.p.:

http://news.discovery.com/archaeology/ancient-hominids-thumbs.html
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/58407/title/For_ancient_hominids,_thumbs_up_on_precision_grip

Once again we read of the possibility of neanderthals interbreeding
with more 'modern' humans, but now it's happening 'twice':

http://www.physorg.com/news191047192.html
http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100420/full/news.2010.194.html?s=news_rss
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1268003/We-little-bit-Neanderthal-study-finds-species-interbred-humans.html
http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2010/04/early-humans-may-have-bred-wit.html

What we can learn from Neanderthal DNA:

http://www.physorg.com/news191172239.html

Arguing over whether limbs belong to homo floresiensis:

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/58410/title/Hobbit_debate_goes_out_on_some__limbs

Using lice DNA to figure out when humans began wearing clothes:

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/58435/title/Lice_hang_ancient_date_on_first_clothes
================================================================
AFRICA
================================================================
An African 'Jewish' tribe is displaying what it believes is
the Ark of the Covenant:

http://www.thejc.com/news/world-news/30865/african-jewish-tribe-displays-its-lost-ark
================================================================
ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT
================================================================
Farming sites in Syria dating to the 10th millennium B.C.:

http://www.english.globalarabnetwork.com/201004205583/Related-news-from-Syria/archaeological-sites-mark-location-of-farming-in-syria-from-10th-millennium-bc.html

Some burials from the Burnt City:

http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=124259§ionid=351020105

An attempt to revive tourism in Iraq:

http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gxhN-XScc9ZPJ9ftfgatQBJsZyiw
http://nz.news.yahoo.com/a/-/entertainment/7079002/tours-of-iraqs-ancient-wonders-open-up-as-violence-ebbs/

... and the French have returned to dig in Iraq too:

http://www.kyivpost.com/news/world/detail/64636/
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/36689033/ns/technology_and_science-science/

Feature o students digging at Um Qais:

http://www.jordantimes.com/?news=25948

Jerusalem has reopened the Jaffa Gate:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/21/AR2010042101707.html
http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/137131
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/wire/sns-ap-ml-israel-jerusalem-renovation,0,6865675.story
http://www.jta.org/news/article/2010/04/21/1011689/jerusalems-jaffa-gate-is-reopened
http://www.antiquities.org.il/about_eng.asp?Modul_id=14

Mysterious lines in various desert environments in Israel, Jordan, etc.
were 'funnels' to direct wild animals to their demise:

http://news.discovery.com/archaeology/desert-lines-hunting-tool-kites.html

Egyptology News Blog:

http://egyptology.blogspot.com/

Egyptology Blog:

http://www.egyptologyblog.co.uk/

Dr Leen Ritmeyer's Blog:

http://blog.ritmeyer.com/

Paleojudaica:

http://paleojudaica.blogspot.com/

Persepolis Fortification Archives:

http://persepolistablets.blogspot.com/

Archaeologist at Large:

http://spaces.msn.com/members/ArchaeologyinEgypt/
================================================================
ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME (AND CLASSICS)
================================================================
Some Roman altar stones from a cricket field in Scotland:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/8640741.stm

Lots of press attention for a find of a temple in Italy which
comes with what are called 'assembly instructions':

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article7104144.ece
http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2010/04/22/Ancient-ruin-reminiscent-of-Ikea-furniture/UPI-89761271990708/
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/7614093/Archaeologists-unearth-6th-century-Ikea-style-temple.html

They've revived that Roman-temple-in-Southwell story for some
reason:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/nottinghamshire/8623578.stm

Potentially interesting Roman sculpture from Stobi (probably not
Octavian as mentioned in one of the articles):

http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=123890§ionid=3510212

A possible Roman burial from Malta:

http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20100422/local/ancient-tomb-unearthed-in-attard

... although the following suggests it's Punic:

http://www.maltamediaonline.com/?p=24014

A Bulgarian site is/was threatened by road construction:

http://www.balkantravellers.com/en/read/article/1907
http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=115439

Feature on Cleopatra (nothing new here):

http://www2.macleans.ca/2010/04/22/the-truth-about-cleopatra/

Arguing about Homer's birthplace:

http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=nhl-playoff-leaders-2010-04-19

Latest 'Dear Socrates':

http://www.philosophynow.org/issue78/78socrates.htm

Nice feature on the death of Pythagoras:

http://www.philosophynow.org/issue78/78pennington.htm

Mary Beard on ostracism:

http://timesonline.typepad.com/dons_life/2010/04/a-threecornered-election-the-ancient-athenian-solution.html

What David Davies is up to:

http://media.www.udallasnews.com/media/storage/paper743/news/2010/04/20/News/Davies.Gives.Lecture.On.Archaeological.Traces.Of.Lit.Trad.I-3910742.shtml

What Kathleen Coleman is up to:

http://www.physorg.com/wire-news/33112863/pushy-parents-in-a-competitive-society-how-ancient-roman-teens-h.html

On the popularity of sword and sandal flicks:

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/7629181/Hollywood-turns-to-ancient-warriors-and-legends-to-win-audiences.html

More on those Greco-Roman mummies from the Barhariya Oasis:

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/04/photogalleries/100420-roman-mummy-egypt-pictures/
(photos)

Review of Matthew Dennison, *Empress of Rome*:

http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/empress-of-rome-the-life-of-livia-by-matthew-dennison-1951351.html

Review of *The Greek Poets*:

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/7614216/The-Greek-Poets-Homer-to-the-Present-ed-by-Peter-Constantine-Rachel-Hadas-Edmund-Keeley-and-Karen-Van-Dyck-review.html

Review of Charlotte Higgins, *It's All Greek to Me*:

http://blogcritics.org/books/article/book-review-its-all-greek-to/

Review of Adrienne Mayor, *The Poison King*:

http://www.lrb.co.uk/v32/n08/michael-kulikowski/butcher-boy

Review of Richard Miles, *Carthage Must Be Destroyed*:

http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2010/0424/1224269017171.html

Latest reviews from Scholia:

http://www.classics.ukzn.ac.za/reviews/

Latest reviews from BMCR:

http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/recent.html

Visit our blog:

http://rogueclassicism.com/
================================================================
EUROPE AND THE UK (+ Ireland)
================================================================
Interesting stones from Devon:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/apr/19/ancient-stones-devon-dartmoor

A Bronze Age ditch in Hereford may have been a city boundary of sorts:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hereford/worcs/8632188.stm

A very successful metal-detectorist:

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/7606459/Pensioner-uncovers-500000-treasure.html

They're going to 'laser scan' Robin Hood's oubliette:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/nottingham/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8630000/8630926.stm

... and we have the obligatory 'real Robin Hood' piece:

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/7611255/So-who-is-the-real-Robin-Hood.html

An interesting (second) dug-out canoe find:

I think we've already mentioned this 'relocation-of-the-Battle
-of-Prestonpans' story already (maybe not):

http://news.scotsman.com/scotland/Battle-lines-redrawn-at-scene.6238846.jp
http://news.stv.tv/scotland/east-central/171487-archaeologists-find-battle-of-prestonpans-took-place-at-different-location/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/8630534.stm

Review of Deborah Deliyannis, *Ravenna in Late Antiquity*:

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703630404575053701579423056.html?mod=WSJ_Books_LS_Books_2

Archaeology in Europe Blog:

http://www.archaeology.eu.com/weblog/index.html
================================================================
ASIA AND THE SOUTH PACIFIC
================================================================
Not sure if we've mentioned this Han Dynasty tomb from China's
Hubei province:

http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90782/6955068.html

Not sure if this destruction of some 1300 years b.p. walls by
highway construction was planned or accidental:

http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90782/6957498.html

China plans on preserving the oldest section of the Great Wall:

http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90782/90873/6962172.html

A 2000 years b.p. buddhist 'study centre':

http://www.hindustantimes.com/rssfeed/india/Unearthed-2-000-yr-old-study-centre/Article1-532997.aspx
http://www.hindustantimes.com/rssfeed/patna/Another-ancient-centre-of-learning-discovered/Article1-533095.aspx

Interesting meditative Buddha statue:

http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/23/stories/2010042351690200.htm

On the ancestry of Chinese pigs:

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100419150947.htm

Evidence of four 'epic droughts' in Asia:

http://uk.news.yahoo.com/18/20100422/tsc-study-details-at-least-four-epic-dro-e123fef.html

Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsblog:

http://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/

New Zealand Archaeology eNews:

http://www.nzarchaeology.org/netsubnews.htm
================================================================
NORTH AMERICA
================================================================
Effigy Mounds may have been damaged by some unauthorized
construction:

http://www.kcrg.com/news/local/91918429.html

OpEd on the Texas history brouhaha:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/opinion/18rich.html

Some guy in Olympia (Wa) had a bunch of human bones in his
house ... we'll wait for followups:

http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2011645596_apwabonesdiscovery.html

This week's DNA story is about its unauthorized use in regards
to the Havasupai people:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/22/us/22dna.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/22/us/22dnaside.html

Interesting bison find on Orcas Island:

http://qmackie.wordpress.com/2010/04/24/orcas-bison/

OpEd on ending the slavery 'blame game':

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html

Review of a couple of tomes on 'imperial wars':

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/25/books/review/Steel-t.html
================================================================
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA
================================================================
On what we can learn about climate change from Peruvian mummies:

http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/563625/?sc=rssn

Latest video at the Archaeology Channel is on the Peace Bridge
Site (just down the road from me!):

http://www.archaeologychannel.org/

Semi-touristy thing on Calakmul:

http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/04/23/TR631D01P6.DTL

An honour for Pilar Luna Erreguerena:

http://www.artdaily.org/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=37646
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=4297

Arturo Pascual was talking about El Tajin:

http://thedailycougar.com/2010/04/14/study-gives-insight-to-mayan-culture/

... and there's a new theory about El Tajin:

http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=4292

More on Maya burials (etc.) within homes:

http://news.discovery.com/archaeology/maya-burial-homes-histories.html

Mike Ruggeri's Ancient Americas Breaking News:

http://web.mac.com/michaelruggeri

Ancient MesoAmerica News:

http://ancient-mesoamerica-news-updates.blogspot.com/
================================================================
OTHER ITEMS OF INTEREST
================================================================
Not sure we've mentioned this Arab trading ship reconstruction:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/8632302.stm

... while another group is set to recreate Captain Bligh's
'odyssey':

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/australiaandpacific/tonga/7610486/Adventurers-to-recreate-Captain-Blighs-odyssey.html
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8631607.stm

Interesting item on the mummification of Otzi ... on the molecular
level:

http://www.physorg.com/news190967981.html

That volcano in Iceland has stranded some archaeologists:

http://media-newswire.com/release_1116986.html

... and in case you're collecting photos:

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/04/more_from_eyjafjallajokull.html

Nice feature on the work of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of
Archaeology:

http://www.idsnews.com/news/story.aspx?id=75420

... and a nice feature on the British Library's map collection:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2010/apr/24/british-library-magnificent-maps

This seems kind of obvious, but a study suggests that
bureaucracies come into existence as state territory grows:

http://news.oneindia.in/2010/04/20/bureaucracylinked-to-a-nationsgrowth.html

George Washington has some overdue books:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/18/george-washington-library-new-york

Mark Twain had some interesting marginalia:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/19/nyregion/19twain.html

... but his will was much less readable:

http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/20/twains-heavily-lawyered-last-words/

They're building a Stonehenge replica in Australia:

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/7603347/Stonehenge-Down-Under-Australians-copy-Neolithic-rock-structure-to-draw-tourists.html

The bi- or triannual piece on perceived threats to the French language:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/25/arts/25abroad.html

More on Roman lead being used in neutrino research:

http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/42445
================================================================
TOURISTY THINGS
================================================================
Naples underground:

http://www.stripes.com/article.asp?section=103&article=69467
================================================================
BLOGS AND PODCASTS
================================================================
About.com Archaeology:

http://archaeology.about.com/

Archaeology Briefs:

http://archaeologybriefs.blogspot.com/

Naked Archaeology Podcast:

http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/podcasts/archaeology/

Taygete Atlantis excavations blogs aggregator:

http://planet.atlantides.org/taygete/

Time Machine:

http://heatherpringle.wordpress.com/
================================================================
CRIME BEAT
================================================================
Gaza is trying to keep its antiquities off the black market:

http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0424/Gaza-Strip-moves-to-preserve-its-abundant-ancient-treasure

More guilty pleas in the Utah case:

http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700027031/3-more-Utahns-plead-guilty-in-artifacts-case.html?s_cid=rss-30
http://www.vaildaily.com/article/20100423/NEWS/100429750/-1/rss

... and more developments:

http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/ap/attorney-wants-evidence-tossed-in-artifacts-case-91820814.html

Looting Matters:

http://lootingmatters.blogspot.com/
================================================================
NUMISMATICA
================================================================
A hoard of Ptolemaic (III) coins from the Fayum:

http://www.artdaily.org/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=37611
http://www.physorg.com/news191164142.html
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/world/view/20100422-265921/Egypt-dig-uncovers-coins-more-than-2250-years-oldCAIRO--Archaeologists
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=124291§ionid=3510212
http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2010/04/22/general-ml-egypt-antiquities_7538962.html?boxes=Homepagebusinessnews
http://www.thestar.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=3861239
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gmlqUI9TuQVibcJRjc95USQoWAwgD9F85D6G0
http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=38575
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100422/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_egypt_antiquities

More on that 12th century hoard:

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1266289/Treasure-hunters-strike-silver-huge-hoard-12th-century-coins.html?ITO=1490

More on that Ptolemaic hoard:

http://www.physorg.com/news191164142.html

Latest eSylum newsletter:

http://www.coinbooks.org/club_nbs_esylum_v13n16.html

Ancient Coin Collecting:

http://ancientcoincollecting.blogspot.com/

Ancient Coins:

http://classicalcoins.blogspot.com/

Coin Link:

http://www.coinlink.com/News/
================================================================
EXHIBITIONS, AUCTIONS, AND MUSEUM-RELATED
================================================================
Ancient Greek Coin Hoards:

http://www.ana-mpa.gr/anaweb/user/showplain?maindoc=8639522&maindocimg=8639540&service=144

Ancient Rome and America:

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703862704575099944144601562.html?mod=WSJ_latestheadlines

Tut (NY ... some commentary about other museums at the opening)):

http://www.artdaily.org/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=37607
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/arts/design/23tut.html
http://www.nj.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2010/04/king_tut_exhibit_is_in_new_yor.html
http://www.victoriaadvocate.com/news/2010/apr/21/bc-ny-king-tut1st-ld-writethru/?features&travel
http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=10446376
http://www.ctpost.com/partners/slideshow/Born-in-Arizona-moved-to-Babylonia-now-in-Times-611.php(photos)

... the commentary is referred to as 'chiding':

http://www.artdaily.org/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=37621
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gnwhIM-DHEsZFC9sK0189m06tj0QD9F8556O0

... and Egypt has a recovery 'wish list':

http://culture.wnyc.org/articles/features/2010/apr/22/egypts-stolen-artifacts-wish-list/

Fra Angelico to Leonardo:

http://www.artdaily.org/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=37576
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=axg76mGfEh9g
http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/arts/review-23827227-italian-renaissance-drawings-on-display-at-british-museum.do
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/apr/19/ancient-stones-devon-dartmoor
http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article7103877.ece

The Academy in 19th Century France:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/arts/design/23galleries-001.html

Bassano:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/24/arts/24iht-conway.html

Oberlin's Masterworks:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/arts/design/23oberlin.html

A History of the World (BM)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/explorerflash/

Musical Instrument Museum:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/24/arts/design/24museum.html

The volcanic eruption has extended a Magna Carta exhibition in New York:

http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/21/magna-carta-enjoys-an-extended-visit-to-new-york

The Getty was appealing an Italian court decision regarding the
'Getty Bronze':

http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/34373/getty-appeals-return-of-contested-bronze/
http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Greek-bronze-will-stay-in-the-Getty-Villa%20/20504

A Renaissance copy of the Mishneh Torah is restored and unveiled:

http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gbFwYtD7WgE2q14yRUZWc0FdbWxAD9F85JV00

That damaged Picasso has returned to the met after repairs:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/21/arts/design/21picasso.html

A Paris museum's 'fakes' exhibition is causing controversy:

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/7625683/Paris-museums-fakes-exhibition-condemned-for-vampire-plagiarism.html

More on Iran wanting financial compensation in that Cyrus
Cylinder brouhaha:

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article7102268.ece
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE63I1VU20100419
http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=276215
http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/4/19/worldupdates/2010-04-19T165739Z_01_NOOTR_RTRMDNC_0_-478088-1&sec=Worldupdates
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=123712§ionid=351020105
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/7608957/Iran-demands-300000-from-British-Museum-over-Cyrus-Cylinder-delay.html

Some museums go on 'backwards field trips':

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/22/us/22fieldtrips.html

A Ming painting by a Chinese master is coming to auction:

http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/christie-s-auction-15-5-m-painting-3487107

Some upcoming antiquities auctions:

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB127196915722781303.html?mod=WSJ_ArtsEnt_LifestyleArtEnt_4

The Newberry Library has acquired a book by some 'Catholic Rebel':

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/us/18cncnewberry.html

French furniture coming to auction:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/arts/design/23antiques.html

Interest in Turkish antiquities is on the rise:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/24/arts/24iht-melik24.html

Assorted arts and auction items:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/arts/design/23vogel.html

================================================================
PERFORMANCES AND THEATRE-RELATED
================================================================
Agora:

http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/film_reviews/article7103752.ece

An Iliad:

http://crosscut.com/2010/04/23/arts/19766/

Centurion/Eagle of the Ninth:

http://news.scotsman.com/entertainment/Film-Review-Centurion.6248065.jp
http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/apr/22/eagle-of-the-ninth-centurion

Vespro della Beata Vergine:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/22/arts/music/22vespers.html

William Christie:

http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/musical/2010/04/19/100419crmu_music_ross
================================================================
ON THE WEB
================================================================

================================================================
OBITUARIES
================================================================
Enrique Nalda:

http://www.artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=37558

Peter Porter:

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/books-obituaries/7625813/Peter-Porter.html

Alan McWhirr:

http://www2.le.ac.uk/ebulletin/people/bereavements/2010-2019/2010/04/nparticle.2010-04-20.0663352453/view
================================================================
PODCASTS
================================================================
The Book and the Spade:

http://www.radioscribe.com/bknspade.htm

The Dig:

http://www.thedigradio.com/

Stone Pages Archaeology News:

http://news.stonepages.com/

Archaeologica Audio News:

http://www.archaeologychannel.org/AudioNews.asp
================================================================
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the labours of 'media research division' of The Atrium. Various
on-line news and magazine sources are scoured for news of the
ancient world (broadly construed: practically anything relating
to archaeology or history prior to about 1700 or so is fair
game) and every Sunday they are delivered to your mailbox free of
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Explorator is Copyright (c) 2010 David Meadows. Feel free to
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links are not to be posted to any website by any means (whether
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]






[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75687 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: ] Stoicism
M.Hortensia quiritibus spd;

this very interesting thread had me thinking about a post by my friend A. Apollonius Cordus, a follower of the Peripatetic School and what he thinks of stoicism:

I'll start one. Marcus Aurelius was the
emperor who presided over the beginning of the
empire's near-fatal economic crisis, subscribed to a
logically inconsistent moral philosophy which
encouraged him to ignore the problems of the empire,
and allowed the throne to pass to a known incompetent.
Discuss. ;) [post 36658#]

optime valete
Maior


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, James Mathews <JLMTopog@...> wrote:
>
> Nova-Romans and Countrymen;
>
> Considering some of the past "discussions" that have gone on within
> Nova Roma I thought perhaps I would mention to you something of my
> idea of "Romanitas":
>
> "Just as those who try to block your progress along the straight path
> of reason will not be able to divert you from principled action, so
> you must not let them knock you out of your good will towards them.
> Rather you should watch yourself equally on both fronts, keeping not
> only a stability of judgement and action, but also a mild response to
> those who try to stop you or are otherwise disaffected. To be angry
> with them is no less a weakness than to abandon your course of action
> and capitulate in a panic. Both amount equally to desertion of duty --
> either being frightened into retreat or setting yourself at odds with
> your natural kinsmen and friends."
> Marcus Aurelius -- Book 11; Item 9.
>
> Since I would suppose that most here would agree that Marcus Aurelius
> possessed some small part of the well known "Romanitas" that we talk
> about, so, it seems to me that this above item would be very
> important to consider. However, each of us has our own ideas and
> determinations, so I should like to hear from those of you who have
> entered into the Philosophy Sodalitas and the Nova Britannia Province
> as well as those on the NR Main List who have an interest in
> "Romanitas" just how this above item strikes you in regard to your
> involvement with Nova Roma, as well as your philosophy outside of NR.
>
> Respectfully;
>
> Marcus Audens
>
> On Feb 23, 2010, at 9:28 AM, Marcus Audens wrote:
>
> >
> > First of all my thanks for your involvement in the Philosophical
> > discussion. Your additions and comments provide food for some
> > extensive soul - searching and consideration.
> >
> > As you say the last comments of Seneca may be difficult for those
> > new to Stoicism to get their heads around.
> >
> > I am considering the hatefulness of some people who tell lies about
> > an individual. I understand that such in and of itself does not
> > harm the individual, however, my concern is that a "damaged"
> > reputation often deletes the individual from association with others
> > who are engaged in the "process" of improving an encompassing
> > situation that all share. I have seen this happening in Nova Roma
> > again and again, many times over the years. I understand that on
> > the one hand those who believe lies about another have problems in
> > and of themselves, however, it seems to me that the "process" is
> > damaged or hindered to some degree by the action of he / she who
> > spreads the lies, and therefore touches all in the "process." This
> > is particularly true if all in the "process" are not Stoic in their
> > views.
> >
> > Respectfully;
> >
> > Marcus Audens
> > Command is a matter of wisdom, integrity, humanity, courage and
> > dicipline. Sun Tzu -- "The Art of War"
> >
> >
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75688 From: L. Livia Plauta Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: ] Stoicism
Livia Hortensiae sal.

I'm quite ignorant about Roman history, but I know that poor Marcus Aurelius
had to spend spent several years in camps around my area, leading the fight
against the Quadi and Marcomanni.
I wouldn't call that "ignoring the problems of the empire".

Optime vale,
Livia



----- Original Message -----
From: "rory12001" <rory12001@...>
To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Sunday, April 25, 2010 11:00 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: ] Stoicism


M.Hortensia quiritibus spd;

this very interesting thread had me thinking about a post by my friend A.
Apollonius Cordus, a follower of the Peripatetic School and what he thinks
of stoicism:

I'll start one. Marcus Aurelius was the
emperor who presided over the beginning of the
empire's near-fatal economic crisis, subscribed to a
logically inconsistent moral philosophy which
encouraged him to ignore the problems of the empire,
and allowed the throne to pass to a known incompetent.
Discuss. ;) [post 36658#]

optime valete
Maior


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, James Mathews <JLMTopog@...> wrote:
>
> Nova-Romans and Countrymen;
>
> Considering some of the past "discussions" that have gone on within
> Nova Roma I thought perhaps I would mention to you something of my
> idea of "Romanitas":
>
> "Just as those who try to block your progress along the straight path
> of reason will not be able to divert you from principled action, so
> you must not let them knock you out of your good will towards them.
> Rather you should watch yourself equally on both fronts, keeping not
> only a stability of judgement and action, but also a mild response to
> those who try to stop you or are otherwise disaffected. To be angry
> with them is no less a weakness than to abandon your course of action
> and capitulate in a panic. Both amount equally to desertion of duty --
> either being frightened into retreat or setting yourself at odds with
> your natural kinsmen and friends."
> Marcus Aurelius -- Book 11; Item 9.
>
> Since I would suppose that most here would agree that Marcus Aurelius
> possessed some small part of the well known "Romanitas" that we talk
> about, so, it seems to me that this above item would be very
> important to consider. However, each of us has our own ideas and
> determinations, so I should like to hear from those of you who have
> entered into the Philosophy Sodalitas and the Nova Britannia Province
> as well as those on the NR Main List who have an interest in
> "Romanitas" just how this above item strikes you in regard to your
> involvement with Nova Roma, as well as your philosophy outside of NR.
>
> Respectfully;
>
> Marcus Audens
>
> On Feb 23, 2010, at 9:28 AM, Marcus Audens wrote:
>
> >
> > First of all my thanks for your involvement in the Philosophical
> > discussion. Your additions and comments provide food for some
> > extensive soul - searching and consideration.
> >
> > As you say the last comments of Seneca may be difficult for those
> > new to Stoicism to get their heads around.
> >
> > I am considering the hatefulness of some people who tell lies about
> > an individual. I understand that such in and of itself does not
> > harm the individual, however, my concern is that a "damaged"
> > reputation often deletes the individual from association with others
> > who are engaged in the "process" of improving an encompassing
> > situation that all share. I have seen this happening in Nova Roma
> > again and again, many times over the years. I understand that on
> > the one hand those who believe lies about another have problems in
> > and of themselves, however, it seems to me that the "process" is
> > damaged or hindered to some degree by the action of he / she who
> > spreads the lies, and therefore touches all in the "process." This
> > is particularly true if all in the "process" are not Stoic in their
> > views.
> >
> > Respectfully;
> >
> > Marcus Audens
> > Command is a matter of wisdom, integrity, humanity, courage and
> > dicipline. Sun Tzu -- "The Art of War"
> >
> >
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75689 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: ] Stoicism
Maior Liviae spd;
me too amica, I need to fill in quite a bit but here is more from Cordus' post about those wars!

His reign, however, was
almost entirely taken up with warfare on the Rhine
frontier, and of course warfare is expensive. The
currency wasn't revalued; in fact, if I recall
correctly, it was devalued again later in the reign.
During Aurelius' lifetime economic problems started to
appear. Aurelius very nobly sold off much of his
personal possessions to raise money, but of course the
amount of money this actually made was negligible
compared to the amount being lost. By the time he
died, the currency was in what turned out to be a
near-terminal decline: it kept getting devalued and
devalued until eventually, in the middle of the third
century, the empire was virtually back to trade and barter without a functioning currency at all.

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "L. Livia Plauta" <livia.plauta@...> wrote:
>
> Livia Hortensiae sal.
>
> I'm quite ignorant about Roman history, but I know that poor Marcus Aurelius
> had to spend spent several years in camps around my area, leading the fight
> against the Quadi and Marcomanni.
> I wouldn't call that "ignoring the problems of the empire".
>
> Optime vale,
> Livia
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "rory12001" <rory12001@>
> To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Sunday, April 25, 2010 11:00 PM
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: ] Stoicism
>
>
> M.Hortensia quiritibus spd;
>
> this very interesting thread had me thinking about a post by my friend A.
> Apollonius Cordus, a follower of the Peripatetic School and what he thinks
> of stoicism:
>
> I'll start one. Marcus Aurelius was the
> emperor who presided over the beginning of the
> empire's near-fatal economic crisis, subscribed to a
> logically inconsistent moral philosophy which
> encouraged him to ignore the problems of the empire,
> and allowed the throne to pass to a known incompetent.
> Discuss. ;) [post 36658#]
>
> optime valete
> Maior
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, James Mathews <JLMTopog@> wrote:
> >
> > Nova-Romans and Countrymen;
> >
> > Considering some of the past "discussions" that have gone on within
> > Nova Roma I thought perhaps I would mention to you something of my
> > idea of "Romanitas":
> >
> > "Just as those who try to block your progress along the straight path
> > of reason will not be able to divert you from principled action, so
> > you must not let them knock you out of your good will towards them.
> > Rather you should watch yourself equally on both fronts, keeping not
> > only a stability of judgement and action, but also a mild response to
> > those who try to stop you or are otherwise disaffected. To be angry
> > with them is no less a weakness than to abandon your course of action
> > and capitulate in a panic. Both amount equally to desertion of duty --
> > either being frightened into retreat or setting yourself at odds with
> > your natural kinsmen and friends."
> > Marcus Aurelius -- Book 11; Item 9.
> >
> > Since I would suppose that most here would agree that Marcus Aurelius
> > possessed some small part of the well known "Romanitas" that we talk
> > about, so, it seems to me that this above item would be very
> > important to consider. However, each of us has our own ideas and
> > determinations, so I should like to hear from those of you who have
> > entered into the Philosophy Sodalitas and the Nova Britannia Province
> > as well as those on the NR Main List who have an interest in
> > "Romanitas" just how this above item strikes you in regard to your
> > involvement with Nova Roma, as well as your philosophy outside of NR.
> >
> > Respectfully;
> >
> > Marcus Audens
> >
> > On Feb 23, 2010, at 9:28 AM, Marcus Audens wrote:
> >
> > >
> > > First of all my thanks for your involvement in the Philosophical
> > > discussion. Your additions and comments provide food for some
> > > extensive soul - searching and consideration.
> > >
> > > As you say the last comments of Seneca may be difficult for those
> > > new to Stoicism to get their heads around.
> > >
> > > I am considering the hatefulness of some people who tell lies about
> > > an individual. I understand that such in and of itself does not
> > > harm the individual, however, my concern is that a "damaged"
> > > reputation often deletes the individual from association with others
> > > who are engaged in the "process" of improving an encompassing
> > > situation that all share. I have seen this happening in Nova Roma
> > > again and again, many times over the years. I understand that on
> > > the one hand those who believe lies about another have problems in
> > > and of themselves, however, it seems to me that the "process" is
> > > damaged or hindered to some degree by the action of he / she who
> > > spreads the lies, and therefore touches all in the "process." This
> > > is particularly true if all in the "process" are not Stoic in their
> > > views.
> > >
> > > Respectfully;
> > >
> > > Marcus Audens
> > > Command is a matter of wisdom, integrity, humanity, courage and
> > > dicipline. Sun Tzu -- "The Art of War"
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75690 From: Nabarz Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Agora
Hi,

Interesting film, might be of interest to those here.

Trailer: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-xH0lHUs9c

film website:www.agorathemovie.com

Below is a review from the Times.

Regards,
Nabarz

Agora: a more thoughtful ancient-world epic
Cosmo Landesman

With one or two exceptions, such as Gladiator, attempts in the past decade to make great film epics set in the ancient world have ended in failure or farce. Seen through contemporary eyes, the great men of history and mythology — King Arthur, Alexander, Achilles — frequently end up looking small and sounding silly, just men in sandals with bad haircuts doing battle and spilling blood.

There are plenty of ancient-world epics around, such as Centurion and Clash of the Titans. Most are testosterone-fuelled fantasies, full of special effects, for a generation raised on computer games. Not the Spanish director Alejandro Amenabar's Agora: this is a thoughtful, adult film that takes us into the past so we may better reflect on our present and the problem of religious extremism. Set in Alexandria in the 4th century AD, it has at the centre of its drama not a warrior king or Roman terminator, but a thinking woman. Hypatia (Rachel Weisz) is said to have been the first female mathematician, philosopher and astronomer of any note. She was also a teacher, much admired by her pupils and respected by men of influence.

Little is known about the historical Hypatia, but for Amenabar and his co-screenwriter, Mateo Gil, she is humanism's answer to Joan of Arc. In a world ruled by religious fanaticism, she is a lone fighter for Reason, Truth and Tolerance — and pays the price for her faith.

Agora opens with the growing tensions between the ruling pagans and the increasingly aggressive Christians, who mock the pagans' gods. When Ammonius (the excellent Ashraf Barhom), the charismatic, rabble-rousing leader of the Christians, causes the death of a pagan, it ignites a war between the two faiths that sees the pagans taking sanctuary behind the great walls of the Library of Alexandria. Eventually, the Christian mob breaks through and ransacks the library, which, as one character notes, is the repository of "all that remains of the wisdom of man".

It's a symbolic event — the decapitation of the ancient world — that Amenabar captures in all its dreamlike horror. Usually, it's the killing of a monster or slaughter on the battlefield that provides these films with their big set piece: full credit to Amenabar for opting for the trashing of a library.

The Christians, including one of Hypatia's former pupils and suitors, Orestes (Oscar Isaac), now Roman prefect of Alexandria, are triumphant, but the war between the believers continues. A Jew is killed by Christians; Christians are slaughtered by Jews, then retaliate with the slaughter of Jews.

Yet Agora is not all blood, guts and gore. Against this background of death and domination, we follow Hypatia on her journey of intellectual discovery. She is on the brink of figuring out the true movements of the planets. Then there are her lovestruck suitors: her handsome slave, Davus (Max Minghella), and Orestes. But she refuses to compromise her quest by becoming a lover or a Christian.

Amenabar avoids the pitfalls of the ancient epic. The dialogue sounds natural and the film, despite Hypatia's difficult-to-follow astronomical speculations, is devoid of clunky exposition. He has conjured up the city of Alex­andria without the usual heavy-handed attempts at spectacle. Where others go in for extra­vagance, Amenabar opts for economy; the stories of his characters are never smothered by the big sweeps of history.

Weisz gives a good performance, especially when discussing the mysteries of the cosmos — no easy feat without sounding all schoolteacherish — but something is missing in her Hypatia, and that's intimacy. The film is so eager for us to admire her, it never allows us to get to know and like her.

So, is Agora anti-Christian, as some Christian groups have claimed? Amenabar has said that it's not, and that his film is against those "who set off bombs and kill in the name of God, that is, religious fanatics". Yet, although the pagans and Jews portrayed are not without sin, the film's dominant bad guys are definitely the Christians — they are even dressed in dark robes that give them an evil aura. And making them responsible for the destruction of the Library of Alexandria is highly questionable, given that nobody knows for certain who was responsible.

It also seems rather unfair to make a film featuring the religious fanaticism of Christians almost 2,000 years ago to show us something about the contemporary religious fanaticism of those who act in the name of Islam. I doubt that any film-maker would make a film about Islam that portrayed it in such a negative light. But kick a Christian and who cares?

Today, we are seeing the emergence of a series of films, from David Baddiel's The Infidel to this one, that have the same message: religious extremism is bad. It's not the most original or insightful of observations. That said, Agora provides an interesting and engaging peep into the past, one well worth taking yourself.

http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/film_reviews/article7103752.ece
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75691 From: Maxima Valeria Messallina Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: Agora
We are still waiting for the release of Amenabar's film here in the U.S. In the meantime, I have posted the link to the website for those interested: http://www.agorathemovie.com/
I'm glad to see it has made it to the UK. Thanks for sharing.
 
Maxima Valeria Messallina
 


--- On Sun, 4/25/10, Nabarz <nabarz@...> wrote:


From: Nabarz <nabarz@...>
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Agora
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Date: Sunday, April 25, 2010, 3:24 PM


 



Hi,

Interesting film, might be of interest to those here.

Trailer: http://www.youtube. com/watch? v=f-xH0lHUs9c

film website:www. agorathemovie. com

Below is a review from the Times.

Regards,
Nabarz

Agora: a more thoughtful ancient-world epic
Cosmo Landesman

With one or two exceptions, such as Gladiator, attempts in the past decade to make great film epics set in the ancient world have ended in failure or farce. Seen through contemporary eyes, the great men of history and mythology — King Arthur, Alexander, Achilles — frequently end up looking small and sounding silly, just men in sandals with bad haircuts doing battle and spilling blood.

There are plenty of ancient-world epics around, such as Centurion and Clash of the Titans. Most are testosterone- fuelled fantasies, full of special effects, for a generation raised on computer games. Not the Spanish director Alejandro Amenabar's Agora: this is a thoughtful, adult film that takes us into the past so we may better reflect on our present and the problem of religious extremism. Set in Alexandria in the 4th century AD, it has at the centre of its drama not a warrior king or Roman terminator, but a thinking woman. Hypatia (Rachel Weisz) is said to have been the first female mathematician, philosopher and astronomer of any note. She was also a teacher, much admired by her pupils and respected by men of influence.

Little is known about the historical Hypatia, but for Amenabar and his co-screenwriter, Mateo Gil, she is humanism's answer to Joan of Arc. In a world ruled by religious fanaticism, she is a lone fighter for Reason, Truth and Tolerance — and pays the price for her faith.

Agora opens with the growing tensions between the ruling pagans and the increasingly aggressive Christians, who mock the pagans' gods. When Ammonius (the excellent Ashraf Barhom), the charismatic, rabble-rousing leader of the Christians, causes the death of a pagan, it ignites a war between the two faiths that sees the pagans taking sanctuary behind the great walls of the Library of Alexandria. Eventually, the Christian mob breaks through and ransacks the library, which, as one character notes, is the repository of "all that remains of the wisdom of man".

It's a symbolic event — the decapitation of the ancient world — that Amenabar captures in all its dreamlike horror. Usually, it's the killing of a monster or slaughter on the battlefield that provides these films with their big set piece: full credit to Amenabar for opting for the trashing of a library.

The Christians, including one of Hypatia's former pupils and suitors, Orestes (Oscar Isaac), now Roman prefect of Alexandria, are triumphant, but the war between the believers continues. A Jew is killed by Christians; Christians are slaughtered by Jews, then retaliate with the slaughter of Jews.

Yet Agora is not all blood, guts and gore. Against this background of death and domination, we follow Hypatia on her journey of intellectual discovery. She is on the brink of figuring out the true movements of the planets. Then there are her lovestruck suitors: her handsome slave, Davus (Max Minghella), and Orestes. But she refuses to compromise her quest by becoming a lover or a Christian.

Amenabar avoids the pitfalls of the ancient epic. The dialogue sounds natural and the film, despite Hypatia's difficult-to- follow astronomical speculations, is devoid of clunky exposition. He has conjured up the city of Alex­andria without the usual heavy-handed attempts at spectacle. Where others go in for extra­vagance, Amenabar opts for economy; the stories of his characters are never smothered by the big sweeps of history.

Weisz gives a good performance, especially when discussing the mysteries of the cosmos — no easy feat without sounding all schoolteacherish — but something is missing in her Hypatia, and that's intimacy. The film is so eager for us to admire her, it never allows us to get to know and like her.

So, is Agora anti-Christian, as some Christian groups have claimed? Amenabar has said that it's not, and that his film is against those "who set off bombs and kill in the name of God, that is, religious fanatics". Yet, although the pagans and Jews portrayed are not without sin, the film's dominant bad guys are definitely the Christians — they are even dressed in dark robes that give them an evil aura. And making them responsible for the destruction of the Library of Alexandria is highly questionable, given that nobody knows for certain who was responsible.

It also seems rather unfair to make a film featuring the religious fanaticism of Christians almost 2,000 years ago to show us something about the contemporary religious fanaticism of those who act in the name of Islam. I doubt that any film-maker would make a film about Islam that portrayed it in such a negative light. But kick a Christian and who cares?

Today, we are seeing the emergence of a series of films, from David Baddiel's The Infidel to this one, that have the same message: religious extremism is bad. It's not the most original or insightful of observations. That said, Agora provides an interesting and engaging peep into the past, one well worth taking yourself.

http://entertainmen t.timesonline. co.uk/tol/ arts_and_ entertainment/ film/film_ reviews/article7 103752.ece











[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75692 From: L. Livia Plauta Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: ] Stoicism
Salve Maior,
well, it's not fair to make Marcus Aurelius accountable for failing to stop
devaluation, in a period when there was no economic theory.
It took quite a few centuries more before scientists understood the nature
of money, inflation, etc.
At the time all emperors could do was react to big economic trends in an
istinctive way, or based on theories which we now know to be totally
invalid.

I have a bad memory for dates, but I seem to remember that the huge
devaluations happened well after Marcus Aurelius' death.

Before the introduction of paper money "devaluation" meant the reduction of
precious metal content in coins. This was usually done in order to be able
to produce more currency in periods when State income was lower than State
expenses.

This problem is quite universal, and throughout history, even after the
introduction of paper currency and the developement of economic theory the
response has mostly been to devalue money.
The Roman Empire also had less options than other States have had in later
periods, because it was the only developed civilization using currency
within a distance reachable by the means available to them.
It's not as if they could have borrowed money from China, as the US does
today.

Optime vale,
Livia



----- Original Message -----
From: "rory12001" <rory12001@...>
To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Monday, April 26, 2010 12:05 AM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: ] Stoicism


Maior Liviae spd;
me too amica, I need to fill in quite a bit but here is more from Cordus'
post about those wars!

His reign, however, was
almost entirely taken up with warfare on the Rhine
frontier, and of course warfare is expensive. The
currency wasn't revalued; in fact, if I recall
correctly, it was devalued again later in the reign.
During Aurelius' lifetime economic problems started to
appear. Aurelius very nobly sold off much of his
personal possessions to raise money, but of course the
amount of money this actually made was negligible
compared to the amount being lost. By the time he
died, the currency was in what turned out to be a
near-terminal decline: it kept getting devalued and
devalued until eventually, in the middle of the third
century, the empire was virtually back to trade and barter without a
functioning currency at all.

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "L. Livia Plauta" <livia.plauta@...>
wrote:
>
> Livia Hortensiae sal.
>
> I'm quite ignorant about Roman history, but I know that poor Marcus
> Aurelius
> had to spend spent several years in camps around my area, leading the
> fight
> against the Quadi and Marcomanni.
> I wouldn't call that "ignoring the problems of the empire".
>
> Optime vale,
> Livia
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "rory12001" <rory12001@>
> To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Sunday, April 25, 2010 11:00 PM
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: ] Stoicism
>
>
> M.Hortensia quiritibus spd;
>
> this very interesting thread had me thinking about a post by my friend A.
> Apollonius Cordus, a follower of the Peripatetic School and what he thinks
> of stoicism:
>
> I'll start one. Marcus Aurelius was the
> emperor who presided over the beginning of the
> empire's near-fatal economic crisis, subscribed to a
> logically inconsistent moral philosophy which
> encouraged him to ignore the problems of the empire,
> and allowed the throne to pass to a known incompetent.
> Discuss. ;) [post 36658#]
>
> optime valete
> Maior
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, James Mathews <JLMTopog@> wrote:
> >
> > Nova-Romans and Countrymen;
> >
> > Considering some of the past "discussions" that have gone on within
> > Nova Roma I thought perhaps I would mention to you something of my
> > idea of "Romanitas":
> >
> > "Just as those who try to block your progress along the straight path
> > of reason will not be able to divert you from principled action, so
> > you must not let them knock you out of your good will towards them.
> > Rather you should watch yourself equally on both fronts, keeping not
> > only a stability of judgement and action, but also a mild response to
> > those who try to stop you or are otherwise disaffected. To be angry
> > with them is no less a weakness than to abandon your course of action
> > and capitulate in a panic. Both amount equally to desertion of duty --
> > either being frightened into retreat or setting yourself at odds with
> > your natural kinsmen and friends."
> > Marcus Aurelius -- Book 11; Item 9.
> >
> > Since I would suppose that most here would agree that Marcus Aurelius
> > possessed some small part of the well known "Romanitas" that we talk
> > about, so, it seems to me that this above item would be very
> > important to consider. However, each of us has our own ideas and
> > determinations, so I should like to hear from those of you who have
> > entered into the Philosophy Sodalitas and the Nova Britannia Province
> > as well as those on the NR Main List who have an interest in
> > "Romanitas" just how this above item strikes you in regard to your
> > involvement with Nova Roma, as well as your philosophy outside of NR.
> >
> > Respectfully;
> >
> > Marcus Audens
> >
> > On Feb 23, 2010, at 9:28 AM, Marcus Audens wrote:
> >
> > >
> > > First of all my thanks for your involvement in the Philosophical
> > > discussion. Your additions and comments provide food for some
> > > extensive soul - searching and consideration.
> > >
> > > As you say the last comments of Seneca may be difficult for those
> > > new to Stoicism to get their heads around.
> > >
> > > I am considering the hatefulness of some people who tell lies about
> > > an individual. I understand that such in and of itself does not
> > > harm the individual, however, my concern is that a "damaged"
> > > reputation often deletes the individual from association with others
> > > who are engaged in the "process" of improving an encompassing
> > > situation that all share. I have seen this happening in Nova Roma
> > > again and again, many times over the years. I understand that on
> > > the one hand those who believe lies about another have problems in
> > > and of themselves, however, it seems to me that the "process" is
> > > damaged or hindered to some degree by the action of he / she who
> > > spreads the lies, and therefore touches all in the "process." This
> > > is particularly true if all in the "process" are not Stoic in their
> > > views.
> > >
> > > Respectfully;
> > >
> > > Marcus Audens
> > > Command is a matter of wisdom, integrity, humanity, courage and
> > > dicipline. Sun Tzu -- "The Art of War"
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75693 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-25
Subject: Re: ] Stoicism
Salve Livia;
I agree, Cordus was writing that the answer to the devaluation would be to tax the rich, the Senatorial class, but being a 'good' emperor meant that you wouldn't do such a thing.

His stoic philosophy didn't help him to go out of the box of accepted actions & behaviors to help the Empire., rather it enouraged resignation and acceptance.
vale
Maior


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "L. Livia Plauta" <livia.plauta@...> wrote:
>
> Salve Maior,
> well, it's not fair to make Marcus Aurelius accountable for failing to stop
> devaluation, in a period when there was no economic theory.
> It took quite a few centuries more before scientists understood the nature
> of money, inflation, etc.
> At the time all emperors could do was react to big economic trends in an
> istinctive way, or based on theories which we now know to be totally
> invalid.
>
> I have a bad memory for dates, but I seem to remember that the huge
> devaluations happened well after Marcus Aurelius' death.
>
> Before the introduction of paper money "devaluation" meant the reduction of
> precious metal content in coins. This was usually done in order to be able
> to produce more currency in periods when State income was lower than State
> expenses.
>
> This problem is quite universal, and throughout history, even after the
> introduction of paper currency and the developement of economic theory the
> response has mostly been to devalue money.
> The Roman Empire also had less options than other States have had in later
> periods, because it was the only developed civilization using currency
> within a distance reachable by the means available to them.
> It's not as if they could have borrowed money from China, as the US does
> today.
>
> Optime vale,
> Livia
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "rory12001" <rory12001@>
> To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Monday, April 26, 2010 12:05 AM
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: ] Stoicism
>
>
> Maior Liviae spd;
> me too amica, I need to fill in quite a bit but here is more from Cordus'
> post about those wars!
>
> His reign, however, was
> almost entirely taken up with warfare on the Rhine
> frontier, and of course warfare is expensive. The
> currency wasn't revalued; in fact, if I recall
> correctly, it was devalued again later in the reign.
> During Aurelius' lifetime economic problems started to
> appear. Aurelius very nobly sold off much of his
> personal possessions to raise money, but of course the
> amount of money this actually made was negligible
> compared to the amount being lost. By the time he
> died, the currency was in what turned out to be a
> near-terminal decline: it kept getting devalued and
> devalued until eventually, in the middle of the third
> century, the empire was virtually back to trade and barter without a
> functioning currency at all.
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "L. Livia Plauta" <livia.plauta@>
> wrote:
> >
> > Livia Hortensiae sal.
> >
> > I'm quite ignorant about Roman history, but I know that poor Marcus
> > Aurelius
> > had to spend spent several years in camps around my area, leading the
> > fight
> > against the Quadi and Marcomanni.
> > I wouldn't call that "ignoring the problems of the empire".
> >
> > Optime vale,
> > Livia
> >
> >
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: "rory12001" <rory12001@>
> > To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
> > Sent: Sunday, April 25, 2010 11:00 PM
> > Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: ] Stoicism
> >
> >
> > M.Hortensia quiritibus spd;
> >
> > this very interesting thread had me thinking about a post by my friend A.
> > Apollonius Cordus, a follower of the Peripatetic School and what he thinks
> > of stoicism:
> >
> > I'll start one. Marcus Aurelius was the
> > emperor who presided over the beginning of the
> > empire's near-fatal economic crisis, subscribed to a
> > logically inconsistent moral philosophy which
> > encouraged him to ignore the problems of the empire,
> > and allowed the throne to pass to a known incompetent.
> > Discuss. ;) [post 36658#]
> >
> > optime valete
> > Maior
> >
> >
> > --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, James Mathews <JLMTopog@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Nova-Romans and Countrymen;
> > >
> > > Considering some of the past "discussions" that have gone on within
> > > Nova Roma I thought perhaps I would mention to you something of my
> > > idea of "Romanitas":
> > >
> > > "Just as those who try to block your progress along the straight path
> > > of reason will not be able to divert you from principled action, so
> > > you must not let them knock you out of your good will towards them.
> > > Rather you should watch yourself equally on both fronts, keeping not
> > > only a stability of judgement and action, but also a mild response to
> > > those who try to stop you or are otherwise disaffected. To be angry
> > > with them is no less a weakness than to abandon your course of action
> > > and capitulate in a panic. Both amount equally to desertion of duty --
> > > either being frightened into retreat or setting yourself at odds with
> > > your natural kinsmen and friends."
> > > Marcus Aurelius -- Book 11; Item 9.
> > >
> > > Since I would suppose that most here would agree that Marcus Aurelius
> > > possessed some small part of the well known "Romanitas" that we talk
> > > about, so, it seems to me that this above item would be very
> > > important to consider. However, each of us has our own ideas and
> > > determinations, so I should like to hear from those of you who have
> > > entered into the Philosophy Sodalitas and the Nova Britannia Province
> > > as well as those on the NR Main List who have an interest in
> > > "Romanitas" just how this above item strikes you in regard to your
> > > involvement with Nova Roma, as well as your philosophy outside of NR.
> > >
> > > Respectfully;
> > >
> > > Marcus Audens
> > >
> > > On Feb 23, 2010, at 9:28 AM, Marcus Audens wrote:
> > >
> > > >
> > > > First of all my thanks for your involvement in the Philosophical
> > > > discussion. Your additions and comments provide food for some
> > > > extensive soul - searching and consideration.
> > > >
> > > > As you say the last comments of Seneca may be difficult for those
> > > > new to Stoicism to get their heads around.
> > > >
> > > > I am considering the hatefulness of some people who tell lies about
> > > > an individual. I understand that such in and of itself does not
> > > > harm the individual, however, my concern is that a "damaged"
> > > > reputation often deletes the individual from association with others
> > > > who are engaged in the "process" of improving an encompassing
> > > > situation that all share. I have seen this happening in Nova Roma
> > > > again and again, many times over the years. I understand that on
> > > > the one hand those who believe lies about another have problems in
> > > > and of themselves, however, it seems to me that the "process" is
> > > > damaged or hindered to some degree by the action of he / she who
> > > > spreads the lies, and therefore touches all in the "process." This
> > > > is particularly true if all in the "process" are not Stoic in their
> > > > views.
> > > >
> > > > Respectfully;
> > > >
> > > > Marcus Audens
> > > > Command is a matter of wisdom, integrity, humanity, courage and
> > > > dicipline. Sun Tzu -- "The Art of War"
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > >
> >
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75694 From: petronius_dexter Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: ] Stoicism
C. Petronius Maiori s.p.d.,

> I agree, Cordus was writing that the answer to the devaluation would be to tax the rich, the Senatorial class, but being a 'good' emperor meant that you wouldn't do such a thing.

The emperors during the crisis taxed the rich, but they did not solve the economic problems too, even if they were not stoic.

I am not sure that the stoicism was a cause of failure towards the crisis.

> His stoic philosophy didn't help him to go out of the box of accepted actions & behaviors to help the Empire, rather it enouraged resignation and acceptance.

It is not what we can understand from his Meditations in which he strongly make the difference between his private minds and his public duties. In fact, with Marcus Aurelius, stoicism was on the top of the power but the Roman politics yet had stoicism as way of life as Seneca the philosopher praeceptor of the emperor Nero or M. Porcius Cato the Republican enemy of C. Iulius Caesar. Cato is the one, even if he was stoic, who obtained the death of Catilina. You can read his speech in Sallust's book. Many stoic senators were against the first emperors and many were killed.

Stoics were not resigned nor had acceptance of everything, it is a caricature drawn by the enemies of the stoics as the enemies of the Epicurians said them lost in the debauchery.

Optime vale.

C. Petronius Dexter
Arcoiali scribebat
A. d. VI Kalendas Maias P. Memmio K. Fabio II coss.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75695 From: Andreas Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: Celebrations in Rome
Salve Perusiane,

fantastic to see that parade at the Circus Maximus.Well done.
I noticed a chap in that parade playing an aulos.
You (or anybody else for that matter) wouldn't know where one could
get from ,would you amice?

Vale bene,Brvtvs

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "M Iul Perusianus" <peraznanie@...> wrote:
>
> Avete omnes,
>
>
>
> a video from the celebration in Rome, this very sunday (this was the
> starting point of the parade at the Circus Maximus).
>
>
>
> <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c4ui7Yz_MM>
> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c4ui7Yz_MM
>
>
>
> At the celebrations, along the weekend, about a dozen of NR Italic citizens
> (and citizens from the Nr Urbs, of course) were present as it's now a usual
> happening in Rome
>
>
>
> valete optime and a happy birthday to the beloved Urbs for tomorrow!
>
>
>
>
>
> M IVL PERVSIANVS
>
> PS. thanks to P.Fab. Barbatus for this video. Later some pics from other
> citizens
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75696 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: a. d. VI Kalendas Maias: Dies Natalis Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
M. Moravius Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Optime vos omnes

Hodie est ante diem VI Kalendas Maias; haec dies comitialis est: Dies natalis M. Aurelii Antonii

"Circus shows of twenty-four races in honor of the birth of Marcus Aurelius" ~ Papyrus Fasti Durorum

AUC 874 / 121 CE: Birth of Marcus Annius Aurelius Verus

"Marcus Antoninus, devoted to philosophy as long as he lived and pre-eminent among emperors in purity of life, was the son of Annius Verus, who died while praetor. His grandfather, named Annius Verus also, attained to a second consulship, was prefect of the city, and was enrolled among the patricians by Vespasian and Titus while they were censors. Annius Libo, a consul, was his uncle, Galeria Faustina Augusta, his aunt. His mother was Domitia Lucilla, the daughter of Calvisius Tullus, who served as consul twice. Annius Verus, from the town of Succuba in Spain, who was made a senator and attained to the dignity of praetor, was his father's grandfather; his great-grandfather on his mother's side was Catilius Severus,who twice held the consulship and was prefect of the city. His father's mother was Rupilia Faustina, the daughter of Rupilius Bonus, a man of consular rank." ~ Historia Augusta, Life of Marcus Aurelius 1

"From my grandfather Verus I learned good morals and the government of my temper. From the reputation and remembrance of my father, modesty and a manly character. From my mother, piety and beneficence, and abstinence, not only from evil deeds, but even from evil thoughts; and further, simplicity in my way of living, far removed from the habits of the rich. From my great-grandfather, not to have frequented public schools, and to have had good teachers at home, and to know that on such things a man should spend liberally." ~ Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 1.1-4

AUC 891 / 138 CE: Antoninus adopts Marcus Annius Verus

Upon the death of L. Ceionius Commodus (1 Jan.), who was adopted by Hadrianus as his chosen successor, Hadrianus next adopted T. Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Arrius Antoninus (25 Feb.), who was thereafter called Titus Aelius Antoninus. He was required, in turn, to adopt the son of Commudus, L. Aurelius Verus, and his nephew, Marcus Annius Verus, who then became Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. On 10 July Hadrianus died, allowing the smooth transfer of imperial power to Antoninus. Against a hostile Senate he managed to have Hadrianus deified, and for this he was called Pius.

AUC 899 / 146 CE: Marcus Aurelius receives the imperial powers

Marcus Aurelius, in addition to being the nephew of Antoninus Pius and his adopted son, was married to Faustina, the daughter of Antoninus. His next step towards the imperial throne was to receive imperial powers and share in some of imperial duties.

AUC 914 / 161 CE: Ascension of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and L. Aurelius Verus

Antoninus Pius died on 7 March. Marcus Aurelius then became emperor, but obeying the wishes of Antoninus, he also elevated L. Aurelius Verus to be his colleague. Younger than Marcus Aurelius by nine years, Verus was pushed towards the purple perhaps too rapidly. He is not attributed with having any special virtues, save a frankness that appealled to Pius, and he was loyal to both Pius and Aurelius. He was not particularly prone to any vices that did harm to the public, although he led a licentious life in private and was overly fond of gladiatorial contests and the games. He openly favored the Greens in the races, to the consternation of the Blues. In addition to their formal ties, Verus was married to the daughter of Marcus Aurelius, Lucilla. Sent by Aurelius to conduct the war against Parthia, Verus spent his time in Antioch, preoccupied by debaucheries, adulteries, gluttony, gladiatorial contests and hunting expeditions. His somewhat famous mistress was Panthea. The war was directed more by Marcus Aurelius from Rome and left for the generals to conduct. When Marcus Aurelius needed a more direct agent to review progress of the campaign, he sent Lucilla. He even told the Senate that he would personally conduct her to Syria. Verus rushed to Ephesus to meet her, rather than allow her to learn of his behavior. The generals, however, had been successful, installing a Roman surrogate in Armenia and establishing a province of Mesopotamia. With Verus and his legions also came the plague from Syria. As he travelled back to Rome the plague travelled with him, seriously depopulating the Empire as he went. When the war broke out with the Macromanni, Marcus Aurelius insisted that Verus come with him to the front, rather than send Verus alone again or leave him in Rome. Marcus planned the campaign while Verus hunted and banqueted. Verus was suddenly stricken while riding in his carriage, lingering for three days at Altinum before dying in 169. The only question at the time was whether he had been poisoned by Marcus' wife, Faustina, or by his daughter, Verus' wife Lucilla.

The Reign of Marcus Aurelius Antinoninus

"Marcus Aurelius was trained in philosophy by Apollonius of Chalcedon: in the Greek language by Sextus of Chaeronea, the grandson of Plutarch, while the eminent orator Fronto instructed him in Latin literature. He conducted himself towards all men at Rome, as if he had been their equal, being moved by no arrogance by his elevation to the Empire. He exercised prompt liberality, and managed the provinceswith the utmost kindness and indulgence.

"Under his rule affairs were successfully conducted against the Germans. He himself carried on a war with the Marcomanni, which was greater than any in the memory of man (in the way of wars with the Germans)---so that it was compared to the Punic Wars, for it was exceedingly formidable, and in it whole armies were lost; especially as in this reign, after the victory over the Parthians there occurred a great pestilence so that at Rome, and throughout Italy and the provinces a large fraction of the population, and actually the bulk of the regular troops perished from the plague.

"With the greatest labor and patience he persevered for three whole years at Carnutum [a strategically located fortress town in Pannonia], and brought the Marcomannic war to an end; a war in which the Quadi, Vandals, Sarmatians, Suevi and all the barbarians in that region, had joined the outbreak of the Marcomanni. He slew several thousand men, and having delivered the Pannonians from bondage held a triumph at Rome. As the treasury was drained by the war, and he had no money to give his soldiers; and as he would not lay any extra tax on the provinces or Senate, he sold off all his imperial furniture and decorations by an auction held in the Forum of Trajan, consisting of gold and cups of crystal and precious stone, silk garments belonging to his wife and to himself, embroidered - as they were - with gold, and numbers of jeweled ornaments. This sale was kept up through two successive months and a great deal of money was raised by it. After his victory, however, he refunded the money to such purchasers as were willing to restore what they had bought, but was by no means troublesome to those who wished to keep their purchase.

"After his victory he was so magnificent in his display of games he is said to have exhibited in the arena one hundred lions at once. Having then at last rendered the state happy by his excellent management and gentleness of character, he died in the eighteenth year of his reign, in the sixty-first of his life. He was enrolled among the Gods, all the Senate voting unanimously that he should have such honor." ~ Eutropius, Compendium of Roman History, 8.12-14


Marcus Aurelius represented the triumph of Stocism. The Stoics had taught a political philosophy of the brotherhood of mankind, ruled by a wise and benevolent ruler as the earthly representative of the rational Mind of the Universe. The emperor was to serve the interest of the ruling Mind and was obligated therefore to rule for the benefit of his subjects. There was a humanizing trend in law under Marcus Aurelius, especialy in regard to the rights of slaves and women. Provincial and local aristocracy were more fully integrated into the imperial service, allowing them to enter the Senate and replace the older Italian aristocracy. At the same time the empire became more economically unified. The provinces began to prosper, while Italy no longer held economic supremacy, and Rome was nolonger the exploitative center of the Empire. Rather the Empire as a whole had now become the concern of the emperor. These trends had begun with Hadrianus and culminated with the reign of Marcus Aurelius.


Our thought for today, on his birthday, is from Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 7.69:

"Perfection of character is this: to live each day as if it were your last, without frenzy, without apathy, without pretence."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75697 From: Christer Edling Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: The Tenth Consular edict CFBQ on payment of taxes for 2763 A.U.C.
Ex Officio Consulis Caesonis Fabii Buteonis Quintiliani

The Tenth Consular edict CFBQ on payment of taxes for 2763 A.U.C.

I. When paying taxes through PayPal go to PayPal at http://www.paypal.com/and
use your account or create a new one and pay your taxes (the coorect
sum) according to "The Ninth Consular edict CFBQ on taxation for 2763
A.U.C."

II. Due to technal problems taxes can't be paid by logging into the
Album Civium.

III. If or when these problems are solved it be announced publicly.

IV: The Senate is at the moment discussing a proposal to solve this
once and for all.

V. Each provincial governor is required to copy this edict to their
provincial lists (where applicable). Each of Nova Roma's official
interpreters is required to translate this edict into the language(s)
for which they are responsible.

VI. This Edictum becomes effective immediately.

Given under my hand the 26th of April 2763 A.U.C. (AD 2010), in the
year of the Consulship of P. Memmius Albucius and the Second
Consulship of K.Fabius Buteo Quintilianus, 2763 AUC.


*****************
Vale

Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus

Consul Iterum
Princeps Senatus et Flamen Palatualis
Civis Romanus sum
http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page
************************************************
Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
"I'll either find a way or make one"
************************************************
Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
************************************************
Mons Palatinus, Clivus Victoriae
Palatine Hill, Incline of Victoriae
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75698 From: publiusalbucius Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Stoicism and economic crisis
Petronio Maiori omnibusque s.d.

> I am not sure that the stoicism was a cause of failure towards the crisis.

Not really. The crisis was an economic and political one. :-)

>> I agree, Cordus was writing that the answer to the devaluation >>would be to tax the rich, the Senatorial class, but being a 'good' >>emperor meant that you wouldn't do such a thing.
> The emperors during the crisis taxed the rich, but they did not >solve the economic problems too, even if they were not stoic.


Rome have financed its expansion thanks to the wealths (material and human ones) taken out from the beaten People. Its economy could work as long as this system goes on working, and that the military campaigns were short ones and financially interesting ones.
This said, this is probably one of the reasons Rome did not developed, as Europe 1,300 years later, Capitalism (market economy), though it had every tool to do it.

Despite the last transferrals of gold made by Trajan from Dacia, the Empire was too wide, the army cost too much, the economic system not efficient enough, the tax system inadapted and too heavy for the cities, and silver, which allowed minting the coins, went on fleeing the daily economic life or the boundaries of the Empire, specially to Asian countries who did not use silver to pay their trade transactions.

Hence the crisis, and the devaluation: too many expenses, specially public + not silver enough for the economy => introducing other metals in the coins => inflation and so on.

So taxing the upper classes was one of the means to fight the crisis, but not the main ones. As Hadrian has understood it, Rome was not rich enough to carry on expanding. Cutting down the military costs, boosting the urbanization, supporting private small corporations, deleting the system of the liturgies, regulating the foreign trade with the East, etc. were among the most urgent answers.

Valete et omnes,


P. Memmius Albucius












--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "petronius_dexter" <jfarnoud94@...> wrote:
>
> C. Petronius Maiori s.p.d.,
>
> > I agree, Cordus was writing that the answer to the devaluation would be to tax the rich, the Senatorial class, but being a 'good' emperor meant that you wouldn't do such a thing.
>
> The emperors during the crisis taxed the rich, but they did not solve the economic problems too, even if they were not stoic.
>
> I am not sure that the stoicism was a cause of failure towards the crisis.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75699 From: petronius_dexter Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: The Ninth Consular edict CFBQ on taxation for 2763 A.U.C.
C. Petronius K. Fabio consuli s.p.d.,

> III. Taxes paid after the deadline of 15th of June 2763 A.U.C. shall be increased with 50 % of basic taxes.

I paid 8,39 euros for 2762.
I will pay 16 euros for 2763.
It is yet around 60 % increase!

Is it the stoic response of Nova Roma against the current capitalist crisis?

Optime vale.

C. Petronius Dexter
Arcoiali scribebat
A. d. VI Kalendas Maias P. Memmio K. Fabio II coss.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75700 From: Christer Edling Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: The Ninth Consular edict CFBQ on taxation for 2763 A.U.C.
Salve Tribune et Amice!

The new tax table is based on a new UN table and this is the result.
The table was approved by the Senate and it was your Governor who
proosed it. I guess how it would "hit" Gallia. ;-)

Seriously I hope that You will be able to deal with it.

*************

26 apr 2010 kl. 21.03 skrev petronius_dexter:

C. Petronius K. Fabio consuli s.p.d.,

> III. Taxes paid after the deadline of 15th of June 2763 A.U.C. shall
> be increased with 50 % of basic taxes.

I paid 8,39 euros for 2762.
I will pay 16 euros for 2763.
It is yet around 60 % increase!

Is it the stoic response of Nova Roma against the current capitalist
crisis?

Optime vale.

C. Petronius Dexter
Arcoiali scribebat
A. d. VI Kalendas Maias P. Memmio K. Fabio II coss.




*****************
Vale

Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus

Consul Iterum
Princeps Senatus et Flamen Palatualis
Civis Romanus sum
http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page
************************************************
Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
"I'll either find a way or make one"
************************************************
Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
************************************************
Mons Palatinus, Clivus Victoriae
Palatine Hill, Incline of Victoriae
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75701 From: petronius_dexter Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: The Ninth Consular edict CFBQ on taxation for 2763 A.U.C.
C. Petronius K. Fabio consuli s.p.d.,

> The new tax table is based on a new UN table and this is the result.
> The table was approved by the Senate and it was your Governor who
> proosed it. I guess how it would "hit" Gallia. ;-)

It is a solitary act, I guess. This question was not debated in NRGallia between NRGalli citizens.

> Seriously I hope that You will be able to deal with it.

Of course, 16 euros for one year is not very expensive to me, it is worth 3 cigarette packets but it is as a matter of principle because around 90% increase would be a dream on my salary. :o)

Optime vale.

C. Petronius Dexter
Arcoiali scribebat
A. d. VI Kalendas Maias P. Memmio K. Fabio II coss.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75702 From: Christer Edling Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: The Ninth Consular edict CFBQ on taxation for 2763 A.U.C.
Salve Tribune et Amice!

It wasnä't really a solitary act, but it is hard for me to know what
is good or bad for Galllia and the same is true for my Colleague when
it comes to Suecica or Thule. We both had to, as did the Senate, trust
the UN tale to be fair enough.

*****

26 apr 2010 kl. 22.34 skrev petronius_dexter:

C. Petronius K. Fabio consuli s.p.d.,

> The new tax table is based on a new UN table and this is the result.
> The table was approved by the Senate and it was your Governor who
> proosed it. I guess how it would "hit" Gallia. ;-)

It is a solitary act, I guess. This question was not debated in
NRGallia between NRGalli citizens.

> Seriously I hope that You will be able to deal with it.

Of course, 16 euros for one year is not very expensive to me, it is
worth 3 cigarette packets but it is as a matter of principle because
around 90% increase would be a dream on my salary. :o)

Optime vale.

C. Petronius Dexter
Arcoiali scribebat
A. d. VI Kalendas Maias P. Memmio K. Fabio II coss.



*****************
Vale

Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus

Consul Iterum
Princeps Senatus et Flamen Palatualis
Civis Romanus sum
http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page
************************************************
Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
"I'll either find a way or make one"
************************************************
Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
************************************************
Mons Palatinus, Clivus Victoriae
Palatine Hill, Incline of Victoriae
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75703 From: luciaiuliaaquila Date: 2010-04-26
Subject: Re: Stoicism and economic crisis
Iulia Dextero Maiori Plautae Audenti Albucio omnibusque S.P.D.

I have been unable to get much online time of late but I saw a statement that Maior posted by Cordus which was also part of the discussion regarding Marcus Aurelius and why he was not such a great emperor:



Cordus: "The philosophy he followed, stoicism, contains as an important element the idea that, to put it crudely, a person should
accept his fate and his place in the... social hierarchy rather than trying to rebel against these things. Many Romans had
managed to combine this philosophy with political careers, but it is a philosophy profoundly unsuited to the ruler of a
state which is on the verge of a serious crisis. It turned his mind inward. When one reads the Meditations one sees,
perhaps, many reassuring words and advice on how to be a nice person, but one would hardly know that it was written
by an emperor. He tried to teach himself to accept things as they were, not to get angry or to feel any emotion at all, and
to be basically indifferent to everything but his own personal virtue, because this is more or less what stoicism teaches
Well, in a crisis this is not the sort of leader one wants! A person who is unemotional, indifferent, and accepting of the
ways things are will never have any motivation to do anything!"




No one can fully adhere to just one philosophical school all the time with any veracity, it is against human nature.
If one sees only patience and kindness in stoicism, or believes stoics only accept fate and their place in a social hierarchy devoid of rebellion - then they do not understand it.
Applying stoic military stratagem has proven to be most effective - removing base emotion from strategic analysis allows one to see clearly and act efficiently. One who misunderstands the discipline and control of stoicism may very well be the next victim of the strong leader who wields it principles. "Unemotional" does not mean "indifferent", certainly not unmotivated, one that makes that mistake is often young and inexperienced – "unemotional" in the stoic sense generally means one is highly disciplined and able to achieve what he sets his mind to. Most of histories best civilized generals and leaders applied a stoic philosophy during their business dealings and often relaxed to Cyrenaic activities when not dealing with such and even employing Pythagorean wisdom at other times.
A strong leader develops his own philosophy as does a strong individual, and a strong individual will not adhere to one philosophical school. One's philosophy is unique to one's own nature, of one's own making. Cicero comes to mind.
The problem with history and "knowing" Marcus Aurelius is that we get the info not second or third hand but coming down many through many hands. Standing in the man's shoes and actually going through his daily dealings make a lot of difference. We don't see him kissing a child, pillow talk with his lover, petting his favorite pet or straining on the commode. Think of the highly political organization you belong to, nothing is easy ever... too many other opinions and desires, and that is a small group of individuals compared to what Aurelius had to contend with. Do you think he was able to adhere to the stoic school in totality? Of course not, he had to reintegrate into his humanity at times, particularly with family.
He had to react as a human; stoicism may have been his guide but he had to change, amend and sometimes give up making a small gain ... or losing because that is part of the game. Opportunity, whether one seizes it or creates it, will come all too soon - and prepared one will win. By making the best of a situation it creates an opportunity to learn from past mistakes, to listen to what are others are saying, to prepare in light of the information gained and to launch a well conceived and successful plan.

Let me speak to what I believe to be a misunderstanding of what is meant by the stoicism "turning one's mind inward", this means one has dignitas, honor and purpose that cannot be affected by any action against the self.
Now I will turn to "accepting fate" this means for example, a close relative is murdered, one loses a limb, people die in a car bomb – these are external or "indifferent" events that cannot be undone that are now beyond our control and this we must accept. However what is under our control are our judgments regarding them and we undermine our own autonomy and dignity if we allow such material and external events to be solely responsible for our happiness or success. We must continue to be motivated to meet challenges, take risks, make the best effort to implement plans to achieve our goals and stretch the limits of one's own mastery. Acceptance of a situation does not mean inaction. This is Empowerment.

I don't know enough about Marcus Aurelius' political and private life to say why he failed in some matters and succeeded in others but it could not be blamed on stoicism, which was a tool he used, in his case there are political, social, cultural and historical elements that must also be researched in depth before such a statement would hold credence. I thank Dexter and Albucius for shedding some light on this. I thank Marcus Aurelius for his "Meditations" which are inspirational and thought provoking to many and a comfort and guide by others.

Stoicism is not the work of one man; it is of the schools of Plato and Socrates, to a lesser extent Aristotle (Peripateticism) and Anaxagoras. It is the culmination of many great minds – Zeno of Citium, Diogenes of Babylon, Apollodorus of Seleucia, Antipater of Tarsus, Panaetius (the "eclectic" stoic whom we know through Cicero and Aulus Gellius) Poseidonius (fragments), Diodotus (whom we know through Cicero) Antipater of Tyre (whom we know by Cicero and Diogenes Laërtius,) Athenodorus (the famous haunted house tale by Pliny the younger, who along with Eusebius, Strabo and yes, again, Cicero, was well thought of,) Seneca the Younger (many works), Rufus (teacher of Epicetus) Epicetus (Enchiridion, Discourses, by Arrian) who greatly influenced Marcus Aurelius. Cicero greatly admired stoicism and his own personal philosophy was heavily influenced by stoicism but perhaps he escaped being labeled a stoic because he was a statesman, an orator and not mainly a "philosopher" although I have seen him labeled as a philosopher (often) and also a stoic. If one begins to read the fragments, discourses and the tales written by others - by those we label as stoic you will see unraveling before you many different ideas, many different points of view and eventually come to realize that much of what we know as stoicism is a resilient changing work in progress for the thinking human and one of the most enduring, if not the most enduring, guides that is still relevant in the modern age due to its ability to adapt.

A few books that I would suggest for anyone interested (besides the classics):
Nancy Sherman, Stoic Warriors. The Ancient Philosophy behind the Military Mind
William Dyer Grampp, Economic Liberalism, vol. 1 The Beginnings (esp. the chapter on stoic origins of liberalism)
A New Stoicism by Lawrence C. Becker
A Guide to the Good Life: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy by William B Irvine
If anyone is interested try to get a copy of Vice Admiral James B. Stockdale's publication: "Stockdale on Stoicism: The Stoic Warrior's Triad."

Valete optime,

Julia


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "publiusalbucius" <albucius_aoe@...> wrote:
>
> Petronio Maiori omnibusque s.d.
>
> > I am not sure that the stoicism was a cause of failure towards the crisis.
>
> Not really. The crisis was an economic and political one. :-)
>
> >> I agree, Cordus was writing that the answer to the devaluation >>would be to tax the rich, the Senatorial class, but being a 'good' >>emperor meant that you wouldn't do such a thing.
> > The emperors during the crisis taxed the rich, but they did not >solve the economic problems too, even if they were not stoic.
>
>
> Rome have financed its expansion thanks to the wealths (material and human ones) taken out from the beaten People. Its economy could work as long as this system goes on working, and that the military campaigns were short ones and financially interesting ones.
> This said, this is probably one of the reasons Rome did not developed, as Europe 1,300 years later, Capitalism (market economy), though it had every tool to do it.
>
> Despite the last transferrals of gold made by Trajan from Dacia, the Empire was too wide, the army cost too much, the economic system not efficient enough, the tax system inadapted and too heavy for the cities, and silver, which allowed minting the coins, went on fleeing the daily economic life or the boundaries of the Empire, specially to Asian countries who did not use silver to pay their trade transactions.
>
> Hence the crisis, and the devaluation: too many expenses, specially public + not silver enough for the economy => introducing other metals in the coins => inflation and so on.
>
> So taxing the upper classes was one of the means to fight the crisis, but not the main ones. As Hadrian has understood it, Rome was not rich enough to carry on expanding. Cutting down the military costs, boosting the urbanization, supporting private small corporations, deleting the system of the liturgies, regulating the foreign trade with the East, etc. were among the most urgent answers.
>
> Valete et omnes,
>
>
> P. Memmius Albucius
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "petronius_dexter" <jfarnoud94@> wrote:
> >
> > C. Petronius Maiori s.p.d.,
> >
> > > I agree, Cordus was writing that the answer to the devaluation would be to tax the rich, the Senatorial class, but being a 'good' emperor meant that you wouldn't do such a thing.
> >
> > The emperors during the crisis taxed the rich, but they did not solve the economic problems too, even if they were not stoic.
> >
> > I am not sure that the stoicism was a cause of failure towards the crisis.
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75704 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-27
Subject: a. d. V Kalendas Maias: Feriae Latinae; Soranus of the Faliscii
M. Moravius Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Optime vos omnes

Hodie est ante diem V Kalendas Maias; haec dies comitialis est:


Feriae Latinae

"Those Alban nations who used to take part in the sacrifices upon Mount Albano were the Albani, the Æsulani, the Accienses, the Abolani, the Bubetani, the Bolani, the Cusuetani, the Coriolani , the Fidenates, the Foretii, the Hortenses, the Latinienses, the Longulani, the Manates, the Macrales, the Mutucumenses, the Munienses, the Numinienses, the Olliculani, the Octulani, the Pedani, the Polluscini, the Querquetulani, the Sicani, the Sisolenses, the Tolerienses, the Tutienses, the Vimitellarii, the Velienses, the Venetulani, and the Vitellenses. Thus we see, fifty-three peoples of ancient Latium have passed away without leaving any traces of their existence." ~ C. Plinius Secundus, Historia Naturalis 3.9 (69)

The feriae Latinae, to which Pliny refers above, predates the Founding of Rome. The names of these earlier Latins were recorded on an archaic inscription. Some are recognizable even though the list represents a pre-urban era of Latium – Bola, Corioli, Fidenae, and Pedum. The Hortenses came from a Latin people in Tuscany. The Aesulae are mentioned by Horace, but nothing else is known of them. The Longulani were overtaken by the Volscii. To these can be added the Albani, Tolerienses and Tutienses named for rivers or Mont Albano itself. Missing are the great urban centers of the historical period – Aricia, Lavinium, Praeneste, Tibur, Tusculum, and most conspicuously, Rome. Interesting are the Velienses listed, perhaps representing a village on the Velia, which is a ridge between the Esquiline and Palatine. And there were the Querquetulani on the list. Tacitus (Annales 6.65.1) tells us that the inhabitants of the Caelian Hill were called by this name because the Caelian was originally called mons Querquetulanus. So it appears that the feriae Latinae was celebrated before the villages of the seven hills, Septimonium, united to form Rome.

The festival was held on Mount Albano where legend placed Alba Longa, the birth-place of Romulus and Remus. A temple on Mount Albano that was used during the feriae Latinae dates to the time of the Tarquinii, who legend attributes to having built it. Rome's presidency of the festival may date further back. In the historical period the feriae Latinae had become essentially a Roman festival of Latin cities. Upon entering office on 1 March, one of the first duties of the consuls was to announce the date, generally late in April, on which the feriae Latinae would be celebrated. Even after 153 BCE when the consuls began to take office on 1 January, the traditional dates in late April were still used. Both consuls of Rome had to attend, leaving the City protected under the praefectus urbi. In the absence of both consuls a magister populi feriarum Latinarum causa was appointed to represent Rome. Only with the festival completed could consuls leave for their provinces, although this was to change somewhat in such desperate times as with the war with Hannibal. Still it remained an obligation of the consuls to attend to their religious duties, such as the feriae Latinae, before anything else. Thus the feriae Latinae held significant importance.

Each Latin city was to be represented by its highest magistrate. They assembled at the Tarquinian temple. The Roman consul initiated the rites with a libation of milk poured to Jupiter Latarius. Magistrates from other cities brought sheep, cheese, and other offerings. The Roman consul, acting on behalf of all the Latin cities, then sacrificed a pure white heifer that had never been yoked. Each city's representative received an equal portion of the sacrificial meat. Exclusion from this sacramental meal was to be excluded from the communion with the Gods and exclusion from the Latin League. Hung in the trees around the sacrament were oscilla. These were puppets, as were hung in trees at Paganalia, to represent the worshippers of the Gods who were present. General festivities followed, celebrating the alliance of Rome and the Latin peopless.


Death of Titus Tatius

"In the fifth year of the reign of Tatius, some retainers and kinsmen of his, falling in with ambassadors from Laurentum on their way to Rome, attempted to rob them of their money, and when they would not stand and deliver, slew them. It was a bold and dreadful crime, and Romulus thought its perpetrators ought to be punished at once, but Tatius tried to put off and turn aside the course of justice. This was the sole occasion of open variance between them; in all other matters they acted in the utmost concert and administered affairs with unanimity. The friends of the slain ambassadors, shut out as they were from all lawful redress, through the efforts of Tatius, fell upon him as he was sacrificing with Romulus at Lavinium, and killed him, but escorted Romulus on his way with loud praises of his justice. Romulus brought the body of Tatius home and gave it honorable burial, and it lies near the so called Armilustrum on the Aventine hill; but he took no steps whatsoever to bring his murderers to justice. And some historians write that the city of Laurentum, in terror, delivered up the murderers of Tatius, but that Romulus let them go, saying that murder had been requited with murder. This led some to say and suspect that he was glad to be rid of his colleague, but it caused no disturbance in the government, nor did it lead the Sabines into faction, nay, some through the good-will they had for him, others through fear of his power, and others because they regarded him as a benevolent God, all continued to hold him in reverence to the end." ~ Plutarch, Life of Romulus 23; cf. Livy 1.14


Soranus of the Falisci

"Not far from the city of Rome, in the territory of the Falisci, a few families are found, who are known by the name of Hirpi. These people perform a yearly sacrifice to Apollo, on Mount Soracte, on which occasion they walk over a burning pile of wood, without being scorched even. On this account, by virtue of a decree of the senate, they are always exempted from military service, and from all other public duties." ~ C. Plinius Secundus, Historia Naturalis 7.2 (6)

Soranus was a wolf-god among the Sabines who was called Sancus at Rome, and Hirpus among the Hirpini tribes of the Samnites. His female counterpart was alternately called Hirpa, or perhaps Sorana, and more often Feronia. Her temple was at the foot of Mont Soracte. Feronia is the better known today. She was an Italic Goddess of fire and fertility, flowers, blossoms, and ripe fruit of fields and trees, also the Goddess of the flower of youth and its pleasures. She was also regarded as the nurturing mother of all wild creatures. Combining attributes of Flora, Venus and Libera, Feronia was sometimes identified with Vesta. Rome saw Feronia as a Goddess who tames wild areas with orchards, and also as a Goddess of woods and all trees. Temple of Feronia were found at Capena, Terracina, and in the Campus Martius at Rome, as well as at Mont Soracte. But in contrast there is very little known about Soranus. As a wolf-god of the wilds He may not have had any temples, only sacred groves or fana. His sacerdotes, the Hirpini, belonged to a single Faliscian family as is found with certain Greek and Etruscan cults, and as apparently had been a custom at one time in Rome as well. The festivals for Soranus saw these Hirpini carry offerings to Soranus while walking over hot coals at night. Romans speculated over how this was done without burning their feet – some thinking it was due to their purity while others thought they used some special oinment. The truth is far simpler, merely a technique that relies on basic physics, and practiced by several cultures the world over.

Soranus was brought to Rome as Apollo Soranus, also called Apollo Medicus, in response to a plague in 433 BCE (Liv. 4.25.3). He had a fanum in the Campus Martius called the Apollinar. Then a temple was dedicated in 431 by the consul Cn. Julius (Liv. 4.29.7). This was the only Temple of Apollo in Rome until the time of Augustus, and Roman Apollo was strictly a God of healing. No other aspects of Soranus were atached to Apollo Medicus. The cultus of Soranus on Mont Soracte retained special privilages and protection by Rome. The sack of Feronia's temple by Hannibal does not seem to have affected the Hirpini as one of His Hirpini, Valerius Soranus, is recalled from the Late Republic where he was highly respected for his knowledge of ancient rites.


Our thought for today is from Epicurus, Vatican Sayings 43:

"The love of money, if unjustly gained, is impious, and, if justly, shameful; for it is inappropriate to be miserly even with justice on one's side."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75705 From: Maxima Valeria Messallina Date: 2010-04-27
Subject: The Senate Has Been Called to Order - April 2763 auc. session
Tribuna Plebis Maxima Valeria Messallina omnibus S.P.D.
 
Salvete, Citizens of Nova Roma


 
We apologize for the tardiness of this report.

The auspicia having been taken by Pontifex Maximus et Augur, M.
Moravius Piscinus Horatianus, and found to be propitious, Consul Quintilianus has called the Senate to order.

The Senate was called into session at 6:00 hours, Rome time (12:00 a.m. EDT) on Saturday, April 24, 2763, with discussion to continue until 24:00 hours, Rome time (6:00 p.m. EDT) on Saturday, April 24th. A recess was called due to April 25th being Robigalia and dies nefastus publicus. Discussion resumed at 6:00 hours, Rome time (12:00 a.m. EDT) on Monday, April 26, 2763 and will continue until 24.00 hours, Rome time (6:00 p.m. EDT), Friday, April 30th. A second recess will be called due to May 1st being Floralia and May 2nd is dies ateri. 

 
 
Voting on the Agenda will begin at 6:00 hours, Rome time (12:00 a.m. EDT) on Monday, May 3, 2763 and conclude at 18:00 hours, Rome time, (12:00 p.m. EDT) on Friday, May 7, 2763.


 
For the information of the Citizens of Nova Roma, here is a brief outline of the
Senate's Agenda:



ITEM I – Decision about a possible public advertisement outside of Nova Roma or
a Nova Roman ad on the main list to get someone to do the IT job. A voting proposal will be sent to the Senate before voting begins.

 
 

ITEM II – Appointment of a Central Financial Officer (CFO). Names will be sent
to the Senate in time for the contio if at all possible.

 
 
ITEM III – Room for one more item. It will be sent to the Senate before contio or
deleted.
 
 
 
ITEM IV - Information about the Conventus in Rome the 17th of June to the 21st
of June. Discussion only, no vote.

 
 
 
Valete bene in pace Deorum,

Maxima Valeria Messallina
Tribuna Plebis




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75706 From: Maxima Valeria Messallina Date: 2010-04-27
Subject: Re: Celebrations in Rome
Thank you so much for sharing these wonderful videos and pictures. How it makes me wish I was there! Someday...
 
Maxima Valeria Messallina
 


--- On Sat, 4/24/10, Perusianus <peraznanie@...> wrote:


From: Perusianus <peraznanie@...>
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: Celebrations in Rome
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Date: Saturday, April 24, 2010, 1:01 PM


 



Avete omnes,

some pics of the beautiful days in Rome:


http://www.flickr com/photos/ pomerium/ galleries/ 7215762379402957 9/

http://www.flickr com/photos/ pomerium/ galleries/ 7215762389682207 8/

valete

M IVL PERVSIANVS

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogrou ps.com, Kirsteen Wright <kirsteen.falconsfa n@...> wrote:
>
> Beautiful - thank you so much for sharing
>
> Flavia Lucilla Merula
>
> On Fri, Apr 23, 2010 at 8:09 AM, M Iul Perusianus <peraznanie@ ...>wrote:
>
> > Avete omnes,
> >
> >
> >
> > a video from the celebration in Rome, this very sunday (this was the
> > starting point of the parade at the Circus Maximus).
> >
> >
> >
> > <http://www.youtube com/watch? v=_c4ui7Yz_ MM>
> > http://www.youtube com/watch? v=_c4ui7Yz_ MM
> >
> >
> >
> > At the celebrations, along the weekend, about a dozen of NR Italic citizens
> > (and citizens from the Nr Urbs, of course) were present as it's now a usual
> > happening in Rome
> >
> >
> >
> > valete optime and a happy birthday to the beloved Urbs for tomorrow!
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > M IVL PERVSIANVS
> >
> > PS. thanks to P.Fab. Barbatus for this video. Later some pics from other
> > citizens
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------ --------- --------- ------
> >
> > Yahoo! Groups Links
> >
> >
> >
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Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75707 From: tpontiussilanus Date: 2010-04-27
Subject: Roman novel in ABNA contest
My novel featuring the Tenth Legion Fretensis in Palestine - The Gospel According to the Romans - has just made it to the Semifinals of ABNA, the Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award. The grand prize is publication by Penguin, but that's a very slim chance.

However, you can read the first couple of chapters for free at:
http://www.amazon.com/Gospel-According-Romans-Breakthrough-ebook/dp/B003CV7S4A/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&m=AG56TWVU5XWC2&s=books&qid=1272400976&sr=1-9

You "buy" it (for nothing) in the top right corner of that screen and download it to your Kindle - and if you don't have a Kindle, you can download Kindle for PCs - also for free - at the same place.

I would be grateful for any comments to me, and a quick review on the ABNA site (even if it's only a couple of words) - and of course recommendation to anyone who you think might be interested.

Many thanks!

Robin - aka T. Pontius Silanus
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75708 From: C.Maria Caeca Date: 2010-04-27
Subject: Re: Roman novel in ABNA contest
C. Maria Caeca Silano S. P. D.

Congratulations! Whether you win the grand prize or not, this is an excellent showing!

Vale Bene,
C. Maria Caeca

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75709 From: Charlie Collins Date: 2010-04-27
Subject: Re: Roman novel in ABNA contest
Salve,

I downloaded "Kindle of Mac" and read the short sample. I think I will
download the whole novel soon.

Vale,
Quintus Servilius Priscus


On Tue, Apr 27, 2010 at 10:37 PM, C.Maria Caeca <c.mariacaeca@...> wrote:
> C. Maria Caeca Silano S. P. D.
>
> Congratulations!  Whether you win the grand prize or not, this is an excellent showing!
>
> Vale Bene,
> C. Maria Caeca
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75710 From: Charlie Collins Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: Re: Roman novel in ABNA contest
Salve,

Also, if you would like to read Kindle Book's without buying the
Amazon Kindle you can download one of Amazon's reading app's. I
downloaded "Kindle for Mac" and registered and sync'ed the app with
Amazon. Then I downloaded a sample book to check it out. It works
great. I went the Amazon Kindle Store and did a search for Byzantium
and came up with 29 titles. Here is the link to the Kindle
downloadable reader's page:

http://tinyurl.com/3am6yf7

Vale,
Quintus Servilius Priscus



On Tue, Apr 27, 2010 at 10:46 PM, Charlie Collins <byzandroid@...> wrote:
> Salve,
>
> I downloaded "Kindle of Mac" and read the short sample. I think I will
> download the whole novel soon.
>
> Vale,
> Quintus Servilius Priscus
>
>
> On Tue, Apr 27, 2010 at 10:37 PM, C.Maria Caeca <c.mariacaeca@...> wrote:
>> C. Maria Caeca Silano S. P. D.
>>
>> Congratulations!  Whether you win the grand prize or not, this is an excellent showing!
>>
>> Vale Bene,
>> C. Maria Caeca
>>
>> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>>
>>
>>
>> ------------------------------------
>>
>> Yahoo! Groups Links
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75711 From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: Book collection site
Salvete



I started to store my books on a program a few years ago and lost the whole thing when the hard drive died.



I just found this online site that is free for the first 200 books listed and only costs a small fee, $20-40

for unlimited storage for life.



http://www.librarything.com/





Enjoy



Valete



Ti. Galerius Paulinus


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75712 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: a. d. IV Kalendas Maias: FLORALIA
M. Moravius Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Floreat, Flora, sparge, precor, donis pectora nostra tuis. Vesta felicitatem in nos impertiat.

Hodie est ante diem IV Kalendas Maias; haec dies comitialis est: Loedi Floralia; eodem die aedis Florae, quae rebus florescendis praeest, dedicata est propter steri;itatem frugum. Feriae quod eo die signum Vestae in domo Palatina dedicatum; Auster fere cum pluvia.

Orion and the Dog Star are wholly set, "the crumbling furrows then receive, and millet's annual care returns."

AUC 515 / 238 BCE: Dedication of the Temple of Flora in the Circus Maximus

"A Goddess comes wreathed in a thousand varied flowers: the stage has more permissive play." ~ P. Ovidius Naso, Fasti 4.945

The aediles plebis Lucius and Marcus Publicii dedicated the Temple of Flora in the district of the Circus Maximus and instituted the ludi Florae on the advice of the Decemviri faciundis sacris (Tacitus, Annales 2.49; Pliny, N. H. 18.286). This is the only time known when this sacerdotal collegium introduced an Italian Goddess to Rome rather than a Greek deity. Varro said instead that Flora was a Sabine Goddess introduced by Titus Tatius (L. L. 5.74). The month of July was dedicated to Her among the Sabine as the month of Flusalis. At Rome She had a flamen Floralis, suggesting, perhaps, that She was introduced to Rome before the third century.

The festival itself was a joyous celebration of spring. There was a great deal of drinking of wine and the usual play of spring. Theater shows were exhibited in which lewd plays were the order of the day. The mimae would undress and then there would begin a competition between the mimae on stage and the City prostitutes in the stands as to who could shake and strut their wares all the better, and we might expect others to have joined in as well. A story told by Valerius Maximus is that Cato the Younger would leave the theater at this time, while Cicero and other retreated to their country villas to avoid the plebeian games of spring.

Thrown to the crowds were vetches, lupines and beans, as well as medallions showing sexual positions, for which people scrambled while onlookers enjoyed the scene. In the military pay was sometimes given with such coins, showing a particular sexual act on one side and a number on the other. They were intended for foreign prostitutes who did not understand Latin, and they set a standard payment scale for prostitutes. The medallions of Floralia and the noted presence of prostitutes in the crowds may have served a similar purpose. Also released into the crowds were hares and young goats. People scrambled for them as well, to provide their feast, and we can only imagine the raucus time this festival offered. It was Spring Break and Mardi Gras rolled into a fraternity toga party.


AUC 751 / 2 BCE: Pontifex Maximus Caesar Augustus consecrated the statue and altar of Vesta on the Palatine; in this sanctuary of Vesta Augustus placed the palladium that Aeneas had brought from Troy


AUC 785 / 32 CE: Birth of the Marcus Salvius Otho

A friend of Nero, Otho was sent to Lusitania as a legatus so that Nero could marry his wife Poppaea. Otho later returned to Rome along with Servius Sulpicius Galba, the legatus of Hispania Tarraconensis, after the Senate had declared Nero an enemy of the State and the Praetorian Guard had first recognized Galba as Emperor. Back in Rome, after the twelve legions of the Germanies declared for Vitellius on 3 Jan., Otho worked to gain the support of the Praetorians, murdered Galba and his heir Piso Licinianus, and had the Senate recognize him as Emperor (15 Jan. 69 CE). Otho's reign was short lived. Following his defeat by Vitellius at the Battle of Bedriacum , on 19 April 69 CE, Otho committed suicide.


Today's thought comes from Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 11.3:

"What a noble thing is the soul that is ready for its release, if at any moment it must be separated from the body, and ready either to be extinguished or dispersed or continue to exist; but so that this readiness comes from a man's own judgment, not from mere obstinacy, as with the Christians, but thoughtful, dignified, and – if others are to be persuaded – without drama or tragic show."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75713 From: Perusianus Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: NR Urbs' new aediles
Today, April 18th, 2010, in the Federalberghi premises, located in Corso d'Italia 19, at 11:00 AM, the Concilium Novæ Romæ Urbis has been convened.
The following members are present:
Marcus Quirinus Sulla
Publius Fabricius Maro
(Ædiles Urbis)
Titus Claudius Collatinus
Domitius Constantinus Fuscus
Publius Flavius Caesar
Aurelia Julia Pulchra (by delegation)
Marcus Julius Perusianus

Ædilis M.Q.Sulla introducts the sessions...

(snip)

Next, Ædilis M.Q.Sulla speaks up presenting his relinquishment of the office, because of overwhelming external committments that forbid him to ensure a satisfying activity.
He asks thus that a candidacy request be made by another civis, proposing, on his own side, that the vacant office be taken by Marcus Julius Perusianus.
The latter speaks up, and, after ensuring himself of the unexistence of other candidacies, declares to accept the office
The council, after taking into account Ædilis M.Q.Sulla's relinquishment, humanimously approves, by acclaiming, the charging as Ædilis Urbis of Marcus Julius Perusianus.
It is agreed that cvis Marcus Quirinus Sulla takes the charge of Magister Officiorum, a ceremonial master during gatherings and other occasions of meetings.
On request by Lucius Fabricius Maro and Marcus Quirinus Sulla it is agreed to proceed, later on, not to incur in any inequalities in treatments, to the deletion from the Album Civium of all cives who may be experiencing the same situation which has been contested to civis G.A.Vindex.
As no other discussion subjects are in the day schedule, the council ends its works by 11:50 AM.

Rome, April 18th, 2010
MMDCCLXIII a.V.c.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75714 From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: Officially Back
Salvete omnes,

I have just learned that my waiting period is over and I am once again a formal cive of Nova Roma.

Valete,

C. Popillius Laenas
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75715 From: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Salve Laenas!

On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 4:04 PM, G Popillius wrote:
>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> I have just learned that my waiting period is over and I am once again a formal cive of Nova Roma.
>
> Valete,
>
> C. Popillius Laenas
>

Welcome home, again =)

=====================================
In amicitia et fide - Venator
Civis - Poeta

(sites subject to occasional updates)
http://www.myspace.com/venator_poetus
http://www.catamount-grange-hearth.org/
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75716 From: M•IVL•SEVERVS Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Salve C. Popillius Laenas,

Welcome back!

Vale,
 
M•IVL•SEVERVS

SENATOR
PRO•CONSVL•PROVINCIÆ•MEXICI




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75717 From: Christer Edling Date: 2010-04-28
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Salve Amice!

I am happy ti have You back! Welcome!

******

28 apr 2010 kl. 23.04 skrev gaiuspopilliuslaenas:

Salvete omnes,

I have just learned that my waiting period is over and I am once again
a formal cive of Nova Roma.

Valete,

C. Popillius Laenas




*****************
Vale

Caeso Fabius Buteo Quintilianus

Consul Iterum
Princeps Senatus et Flamen Palatualis
Civis Romanus sum
http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page
************************************************
Aut inveniam viam aut faciam
"I'll either find a way or make one"
************************************************
Dignitas, Iustitia, Fidelitas et Pietas
Dignity, Justice, Loyalty and Dutifulness
************************************************
Mons Palatinus, Clivus Victoriae
Palatine Hill, Incline of Victoriae
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75718 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: a. d. III Kalendas Maias: Numa Pompilius the Law-Giver
M. Moravius Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Ego vos iubeo bono animo esse.

Hodie est ante diem III Kalendas Maias; haec dies comitialis est: Mane Capra exoritur, Austrinus dies, interdum pluviae.

Numa the Lawgiver and Founder of the Religio Romana

"First of all he divided the year into twelve months according to the courses of the moon; but because the moon does not complete the thirty days in each month needed to fit with the cycle of the sun, so that six days are missing compared to a full year, he arranged for intercalary months to be inserted so that after twenty years, when the full cycle of all the years had been completed, the days would come to correspond to the same position of the sun from which they had started. He also fixed the days as lawful or unlawful for public business, thinking it would be useful to have some days on which no business could be brought before the people.

"Next he turned his attention to the creating of priests: he himself was in fact conducting most of the rites, particularly those that now belong to the flamen Dialis. But because he realized that in such a warlike city more kings would be like Romulus than like Numa and that these would go to war themselves, he protected the royal rituals from being thus neglected by creating a flamen permanently devoted to Jupiter; he marked the office by the grant of a special dress and an official chair of state like the king's. He added two more flamines, one for Mars, one for Quirinus, and also chose virgin priestesses for Vesta. This priesthood originated at Alba and was not therefor alien to the founder of Rome. So that these priestesses should be able to devote their whole time to temple service, he provided them with an income from public funds; he conferred a special sanctity on them by ritual obligations, including the keeping of their virginity. He also chose twelve Salii, to serve Mars Gradivus; these were distinguished by an embroidered tunic with a bronze breastplate worn over it; their duty was to bear the heaven-descended shields, the ancilia as they are called, and to proceed through the city chanting hymns in time to a ritual triple-rhythm dance.

"Next, Numa appointed as pontifex Numa Marcius, son of Marcus, from among the patricians. He gave him full solemn written instructions about the ceremonies, specifying for each sacrifice the proper offerings, the proper days and the proper temples and the way in which money should be raised to meet the expenses. He then subordinated all the other public and private religious ceremonies to the decision of the pontifex in order that the plebeians should have somewhere to seek advice; so he prevented confusion in the sacred law whether through the neglecting of the inherited rituals or by the adopting of foreign ones. It was the task of the pontifex to instruct, not just about the heavenly rites, but also about the forms for burying the dead and for placating the departed spirits, and also for recognizing and dealing with prodigies, whether from lightning or from other signs." ~ Titus Livius 1.19.6-20.7


"Numa first established the custom of offering corn to the Gods, and of propitiating Them with the salted cake; he was the first, too, as we learn from Hemina, to parch spelt, from the fact that, when in this state, it is more wholesome as an aliment This method, however, he could only establish one way: by making an enactment, to the effect that spelt is not in a pure state for offering, except when parched. He it was, too, who instituted the Fornacalia, festivals appropriated for the parching of corn, and others, observed with equal solemnity, for the erection and preservation of the "termini," or boundaries of the fields: for these termini, in those days, they particularly regarded as Gods; while to other divinities they gave the names of Seia, from "sero," "to sow," and of Segesta, from tile "segetes," or "crops of standing corn," the statues of which Goddesses we still see erected in the Circus. A third divinity (Tutelina) it is forbidden by the rules of our religion to name even beneath a roof. In former days, too, they would not so much as taste the corn when newly cut, nor yet wine when just made, before the priests had made a libation of the first-fruits." ~ C. Plinius Secundus, Historia Naturalis 18.2 (8)


"And seeing that, as a result of their mode of life under Romulus, the Romans were filled with ardour for the pursuit of war, he thought it best to discourage that propensity to some slight extent. And first of all he divided up among the citizens the land that Romulus had won by conquest, giving each man a share, and showed them that by the cultivation of their farms they could have an abundance of all manner of possessions without resort to pillage or plunder. Thus he implanted in them a love for peace and tranquility, which enabled justice and good faith to flourish most secure. Pompilius also instituted the "greater auspices," added two augurs to the original number, and put five pontifices, selected from the most eminent citizens, in charge of the religious rites; and by the introduction of religious ceremonial, through laws which still remain on our records, he quenched the people's ardour for the warlike life to which they had been accustomed. He also appointed flamines, Salii, and the Vestales Virgines, and established all the branches of our religion with the most devout solicitude. He desired that the proper performance of the rites themselves should be difficult, but that the equipment necessary therefore should be easily obtainable, for he provided that much should be learned by heart and scrupulously observed, but made the expenditure of money unnecessary. Thus he made the performance of religious duties laborious but not costly. He also established markets, games, and all sorts of other occasions for the gathering of large numbers. By the institution of such customs as these he turned toward benevolence and kindliness the thoughts of men who had become savage and brutish through their passion for war. Thus when he had reigned for thirty-nine years in complete peace and harmony, to follow as our chief authority our friend Polybius, who is unsurpassed in chronological accuracy, he died, after having established the two elements which most conspicuously contribute to the stability of a State – religion and the spirit of tranquility." ~ M. Tullius Cicero, De Re Publica II.xiii.25 - xiv.27

"First, to the end that people should be content with what they had and should not covet what belonged to others, there was the law that appointed boundaries to every man's possessions. For, having ordered every one to draw a line around his own land and to place stones on the bounds, he consecrated these stones to Jupiter Terminalis and ordained that all should assemble at the place every year on a fixed day and offer sacrifices to them; and he made the festival in honour of these gods of boundaries among the most dignified of all. This festival the Romans call Terminalia, from the boundaries, and the boundaries themselves, by the change of one letter as compared with our language, they call termines." ~ Dion., 2, 74, 2- 3 ; Cf. Fest., P. 368).


The Laws of Numa Pompilius

Following the Gallic sack of Rome in 390 BCE, the senate decided to record the oral tradition of pontifices in writing. This original pontifical law consisted of the laws handed down by the kings and the Twelve Tablets of law set out by the decemvirs, as well as any treaties sealed by solemn rites. This record became the source of later writers. From various sources, then, both Greek and Roman, we can thus glean a number of religious laws attributed to Numa:

"The Gods are not to be represented in the form of man or beast, nor are there to be any painted or graven image of a deity admitted (to your rites)." ~ Plutarch Numa 8.7


"When you sacrifice to the celestial Gods, let it be with an odd number; when to the terrestrial, with even." ~ Plutarch Numa 14.3


"No sacrifices shall be performed without meal (i. e. mola salsa)." ~ Plutarch Numa 14.3


"[Numa] also pronounced it illegal to make a libation to the Gods of wine that was the produce of an unpruned vine." ~ Plin., N.H., 14.12; Cf. Plut., Numa, 14


"As religion is the great basis of the ordinary usages of life, I shall here remark that it is considered improper to offer libations to the Gods with any wines which are the produce of an unpruned vine, or of one that has been struck by lightning or near to which a dead man has been hung, or of grapes that have been trodden out by feet with open sores, or made of must from husks that have been cut, or from grapes that have been polluted by the fall of any unclean thing upon them. The Greek wines are excluded also from the sacred ministrations, because they contain a portion of water." ~ C. Plinius Secundus, Historia Naturalis 14.23


"Sacrifices are not to be celebrated with an effusion of blood, but consist of flour, wine, and the least costly of offerings." ~ Plutarch Numa 8.8


"Numa ordained that fish without scales should not be served up at the Festivals of the Gods lest they pollute the sacrifice." ~ Hemin. apud Plin., N.H., 32, 2, 20 ; Cf. Fest., F. 253


"If anyone offers sacrifice different (from what is vowed, or what is prescribed), may he be consecrated himself as a sacrifice to Jupiter." ~ Fest., P. 6


"Turn round to pay adoration to the Gods; sit after you have worshipped." ~ Plutarch Numa 14.3


"This also is instituted by Numa, that sacerdotes not shave with iron but with bronze impliments." ~ Lyd., Mens., 1, 31


"TERMINUS: One made sacrifices with the God Terminus, because, according to common opinion, the limits of the fields were under His protection. Finally Numa Pompilius ordered that whoever, while plowing, would have move a boundary mark, would be dedicated to the Gods, himself and his oxen." ~ Fest. s. v.


"In the laws of Numa is a caution, that if one imprudently kills another man, for the life he has taken may he offer public sacrifice of a ram." ~ Serv. in Verg. ecl., 4, 43 ; Cf. Serv. in Verg. georg., 3, 387


"If anyone willfully causes the death of a free man, let it be treated as a patricide." ~ Fest., P. 221, Parrici


"In the laws of the kings (Numa) said, if a woman is killed while pregnant with a child, and deprived of giving birth before she is buried, may it be seen with the same gravity (as her murder) that he has (also) acted against the (child's) hope for living." ~ Marcel. lib. 28 dig., D., 11, 8, 2


"Sprinkle not the funeral pyre with wine." ~ Plin., N.H., 14, 12, 88 ; Cf. XII Tab., 10, 6a.


"Numa himself also regulated the periods of mourning according to ages. For instance, over a child of less than three years there was to be no mourning at all; over one older than that, the mourning was not to last more months than it had lived years, up to ten; and no age was to be mourned longer than that, but ten months was the period for the longest mourning. This is also the period during which women who have lost their husbands remain in widowhood, and she who took another husband before this term was out, was obliged by the laws of Numa to sacrifice a cow with calf." ~ Plut., Numa, 12, 2; Cf. F. Vat., 321


"If a man is set down by a lightning strike, let none of his descendants raise him up (for a funeral), for it is just that a man who is struck dead by a lightning bolt (sent down by the Gods) ought to have no one make (sacrifices for him)." ~ Fest., p. 178, Occisum


"The man under whose auspices the opima spolia are won in full battle should dedicate them to Jupiter Feretrius; he should sacrifice an ox; let him who took them [give three] hundred in bronze. For the second spoils, let him sacrifice souitaurilia, whichever he wishes, at the altar of Mars in the Campus Martius. For the third spoils, let him sacrifice to Janus Quirinus a male lamb; let him who took them give one hundred in bronze. Let the man under whose auspices they were taken make any necessary piacular offering to the Gods." ~ Fest., L. 189, opima ; Cf. Serv. in Verg. Aeneid., 6, 860 ; Plut., Marc., 8


"If a father gives his son leave to marry a woman who by the laws is to be the sharer of his sacred rites and possessions, he shall no longer have the power of selling his son." ~ Dion., 2, 27, 4 ; Cf. Plut., Numa, 17


"Let no paelex touch the altar of Juno (or, enter the temple of Juno); if she touches it, let her, with her hair unbound, offer up a female lamb to Juno." ~ Fest., P. 222, Paelices ; Cf. Gell., 4, 3, 3

[A paelex was defined as a woman living intimately as a concubine with a man while he was married to another woman.]



Our thoughtfor today comes from Cornelia, mother of Tiberius and Gaius Sempronius Gracchus, Fragment 5 of Lives of Emminent Commanders by Cornelius Nepos:

"Opulent and divine nature, to obtain greater admiration and wider benefit, has chosen not to give every gift to one man, nor further to deny every gift to anyone."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75719 From: Marcus Valerius Traianus Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Salve C. Popillius Laenas,

Welcome home!

Vale
MVT

 ----------------------------
Marcus Valerius Traianus
Proud Citizen of Nova Roma




________________________________
From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas <gaiuspopillius@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wed, April 28, 2010 4:04:40 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Officially Back

 
Salvete omnes,

I have just learned that my waiting period is over and I am once again a formal cive of Nova Roma.

Valete,

C. Popillius Laenas







[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75720 From: publiusalbucius Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Censorio Laenati s.d.

Welcome back, Censori! :-)

Vale,


Albucius cos.


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "gaiuspopilliuslaenas" <gaiuspopillius@...> wrote:
>
> Salvete omnes,
>
> I have just learned that my waiting period is over and I am once again a formal cive of Nova Roma.
>
> Valete,
>
> C. Popillius Laenas
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75721 From: romanproconsul Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: Stoicism and "Romanitas
My original post stated a verse from "Meditations" by Marcus Aurelius, concerning "Romanitas." I am not sure how that got turned into Marcus Aurelius being a poor emperor, or fighting for his empire. In addition to those possible aspects; he spoke in very intelligent ways, to me, and his verses make a lot of sense to my way of thinking. However, the question really was; how does his idea in the verse, copied for this list, compare with your ideas of "Romanitas."

Considering some past posts on this list by those who accuse others of not having proper Romanitas, and claiming for themselves the aspect that they have it while others do not. I wondered how this verse compared with their ideas of possessing this seemingly elusive Romanitas that is apparently a greatly valued attitude in Nova Roma. I am searching for that idea as well and based on some who claim it and apparently some who do not have it I am confused by what it really means, who "really" has it, and who does not. In short I am looking for a few good examples.

Being only a student in Nova Roma I am here looking for answers, and in my research it seems to me that while the Stoicism advanced in the above tome is very difficult to live up to, it seems to be a very good path along which to advance.

Respectfully;

Marcus Audens.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75722 From: romanproconsul Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Welcome Back Friend Leanas;

I have missed your logic and maturity so well demonstrated in your efforts for Nova Roma.
Also it is always pleasurable to welcome back a friend to this Roman Place.

Respectfully;

Marcus Audens:
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75723 From: gaiuspopilliuslaenas Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: Re: Officially Back
Salvete,

My thanks to everyone for the kind words and welcome.

Valete,

Laenas>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75724 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: papyrus of a Roman letter
Maior Quiritibus spd;
I am posting this link I received from another group it is a quite rare example of a Roman era letter, written in latin
http://www.papyrology.ox.ac.uk/POxy/VExhibition/images/e3.jpg
enjoy
optime valete
Maior
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75725 From: rory12001 Date: 2010-04-29
Subject: Re: Stoicism and economic crisis
Maior Aquilae Dextro Albucio Audenti Plautaeque spd;
this is such an interesting and engaging discussion! Just what I had hoped for. I'm learning so much.

Let me add further from Cordus:
"My final charge against Aurelius was that he allowed
the throne to go to an incompetent. It's no secret
that Commodus was totally unsuited to being emperor,
even more so than Aurelius: he not only did nothing,
he did just about everything wrong. More importantly,
he got himself assassinated, and this led to the most
disastrous civil war the empire had witnessed for many
generations. The civil war and the economic decline
became entangled and mutually sustaining. In times of
trouble and fear, civil order breaks down and theft,
pillage, and robbery increase. Large areas of
territory become battlegrounds, and people flee. They
hide their money, hoping to come back one day. This
takes large sums of money out of the economic system
completely, at a time when money is exactly what is
needed: if a stash of coins in buried in the ground,
it isn't generating any interest, it isn't buying
anyone any food, it simply isn't doing anything useful
at all. It's basically the same as if large sums of
money had been destroyed. And of course poverty
exacerbates the effects of war on ordinary people. It
also means that generals have less money to pay their
soldiers, so they need plunder more badly, and you
only get plunder by defeating enemies, so the fighting
is intensified and prolonged.

The military crisis was temporarily solved by the
victory of Septimius Severus, who belatedly took some
of the drastic steps which Aurelius should have taken
(this is why he is a "bad" emperor), but he too badly
botched his own succession and essentially doomed his
dynasty to collapse after a single generation, after
which the empire slipped further and further into the
chaos in which it remained for most of the third
century. When the empire was revived by Diocletian at
the end of the century it was a very different place
to the one M. Aurelius and his senatorial friends had
enjoyed.

Hope that will get some fingers tapping! I fully
expect my suggestions to be demolished, since I'm not
very strong on imperial history or economics; I'll
fight my corner on philosophy,"


--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "luciaiuliaaquila" <luciaiuliaaquila@...> wrote:
>
> Iulia Dextero Maiori Plautae Audenti Albucio omnibusque S.P.D.
>
> I have been unable to get much online time of late but I saw a statement that Maior posted by Cordus which was also part of the discussion regarding Marcus Aurelius and why he was not such a great emperor:
>
>
>
> Cordus: "The philosophy he followed, stoicism, contains as an important element the idea that, to put it crudely, a person should
> accept his fate and his place in the... social hierarchy rather than trying to rebel against these things. Many Romans had
> managed to combine this philosophy with political careers, but it is a philosophy profoundly unsuited to the ruler of a
> state which is on the verge of a serious crisis. It turned his mind inward. When one reads the Meditations one sees,
> perhaps, many reassuring words and advice on how to be a nice person, but one would hardly know that it was written
> by an emperor. He tried to teach himself to accept things as they were, not to get angry or to feel any emotion at all, and
> to be basically indifferent to everything but his own personal virtue, because this is more or less what stoicism teaches
> Well, in a crisis this is not the sort of leader one wants! A person who is unemotional, indifferent, and accepting of the
> ways things are will never have any motivation to do anything!"
>
>
>
>
> No one can fully adhere to just one philosophical school all the time with any veracity, it is against human nature.
> If one sees only patience and kindness in stoicism, or believes stoics only accept fate and their place in a social hierarchy devoid of rebellion - then they do not understand it.
> Applying stoic military stratagem has proven to be most effective - removing base emotion from strategic analysis allows one to see clearly and act efficiently. One who misunderstands the discipline and control of stoicism may very well be the next victim of the strong leader who wields it principles. "Unemotional" does not mean "indifferent", certainly not unmotivated, one that makes that mistake is often young and inexperienced – "unemotional" in the stoic sense generally means one is highly disciplined and able to achieve what he sets his mind to. Most of histories best civilized generals and leaders applied a stoic philosophy during their business dealings and often relaxed to Cyrenaic activities when not dealing with such and even employing Pythagorean wisdom at other times.
> A strong leader develops his own philosophy as does a strong individual, and a strong individual will not adhere to one philosophical school. One's philosophy is unique to one's own nature, of one's own making. Cicero comes to mind.
> The problem with history and "knowing" Marcus Aurelius is that we get the info not second or third hand but coming down many through many hands. Standing in the man's shoes and actually going through his daily dealings make a lot of difference. We don't see him kissing a child, pillow talk with his lover, petting his favorite pet or straining on the commode. Think of the highly political organization you belong to, nothing is easy ever... too many other opinions and desires, and that is a small group of individuals compared to what Aurelius had to contend with. Do you think he was able to adhere to the stoic school in totality? Of course not, he had to reintegrate into his humanity at times, particularly with family.
> He had to react as a human; stoicism may have been his guide but he had to change, amend and sometimes give up making a small gain ... or losing because that is part of the game. Opportunity, whether one seizes it or creates it, will come all too soon - and prepared one will win. By making the best of a situation it creates an opportunity to learn from past mistakes, to listen to what are others are saying, to prepare in light of the information gained and to launch a well conceived and successful plan.
>
> Let me speak to what I believe to be a misunderstanding of what is meant by the stoicism "turning one's mind inward", this means one has dignitas, honor and purpose that cannot be affected by any action against the self.
> Now I will turn to "accepting fate" this means for example, a close relative is murdered, one loses a limb, people die in a car bomb – these are external or "indifferent" events that cannot be undone that are now beyond our control and this we must accept. However what is under our control are our judgments regarding them and we undermine our own autonomy and dignity if we allow such material and external events to be solely responsible for our happiness or success. We must continue to be motivated to meet challenges, take risks, make the best effort to implement plans to achieve our goals and stretch the limits of one's own mastery. Acceptance of a situation does not mean inaction. This is Empowerment.
>
> I don't know enough about Marcus Aurelius' political and private life to say why he failed in some matters and succeeded in others but it could not be blamed on stoicism, which was a tool he used, in his case there are political, social, cultural and historical elements that must also be researched in depth before such a statement would hold credence. I thank Dexter and Albucius for shedding some light on this. I thank Marcus Aurelius for his "Meditations" which are inspirational and thought provoking to many and a comfort and guide by others.
>
> Stoicism is not the work of one man; it is of the schools of Plato and Socrates, to a lesser extent Aristotle (Peripateticism) and Anaxagoras. It is the culmination of many great minds – Zeno of Citium, Diogenes of Babylon, Apollodorus of Seleucia, Antipater of Tarsus, Panaetius (the "eclectic" stoic whom we know through Cicero and Aulus Gellius) Poseidonius (fragments), Diodotus (whom we know through Cicero) Antipater of Tyre (whom we know by Cicero and Diogenes Laërtius,) Athenodorus (the famous haunted house tale by Pliny the younger, who along with Eusebius, Strabo and yes, again, Cicero, was well thought of,) Seneca the Younger (many works), Rufus (teacher of Epicetus) Epicetus (Enchiridion, Discourses, by Arrian) who greatly influenced Marcus Aurelius. Cicero greatly admired stoicism and his own personal philosophy was heavily influenced by stoicism but perhaps he escaped being labeled a stoic because he was a statesman, an orator and not mainly a "philosopher" although I have seen him labeled as a philosopher (often) and also a stoic. If one begins to read the fragments, discourses and the tales written by others - by those we label as stoic you will see unraveling before you many different ideas, many different points of view and eventually come to realize that much of cpiLND7nC/LykaAJKMn0bQtOnnttYGr2kyIjRQpB
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xze0kt3RkSinm4YAqKMCSQAAQa4TngLJI2boaXJIxoXxcq99U9R8l+QNU8z6
/Y6T5qsbzS7aINp1nNBaRxj1y5VfUYBQwDvuxrXYVApTUdodpDBi4sREjz3l
Qr30Xf8AZPY3jZKzXEDyuz7rHc9G0P8ALTyhqFmsGr6prOnXUEgjltkigEt3
KU/cAxzSJDEsaBquz7BjSppmoy9q6uo Maiori omnibusque s.d.
> >
> > > I am not sure that the stoicism was a cause of failure towards the crisis.
> >
> > Not really. The crisis was an economic and political one. :-)
> >
> > >> I agree, Cordus was writing that the answer to the devaluation >>would be to tax the rich, the Senatorial class, but being a 'good' >>emperor meant that you wouldn't do such a thing.
> > > The emperors during the crisis taxed the rich, but they did not >solve the economic problems too, even if they were not stoic.
> >
> >
> > Rome have financed its expansion thanks to the wealths (material and human ones) taken out from the beaten People. Its economy could work as long as this system goes on working, and that the military campaigns were short ones and financially interesting ones.
> > This said, this is probably one of the reasons Rome did not developed, as Europe 1,300 years later, Capitalism (market economy), though it had every tool to do it.
> >
> > Despite the last transferrals of gold made by Trajan from Dacia, the Empire was too wide, the army cost too much, the economic system not efficient enough, the tax system inadapted and too heavy for the cities, and silver, which allowed minting the coins, went on fleeing the daily economic life or the boundaries of the Empire, specially to Asian countries who did not use silver to pay their trade transactions.
> >
> > Hence the crisis, and the devaluation: too many expenses, specially public + not silver enough for the economy => introducing other metals in the coins => inflation and so on.
> >
> > So taxing the upper classes was one of the means to fight the crisis, but not the main ones. As Hadrian has understood it, Rome was not rich enough to carry on expanding. Cutting down the military costs, boosting the urbanization, supporting private small corporations, deleting the system of the liturgies, regulating the foreign trade with the East, etc. were among the most urgent answers.
> >
> > Valete et omnes,
> >
> >
> > P. Memmius Albucius
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "petronius_dexter" <jfarnoud94@> wrote:
> > >
> > > C. Petronius Maiori s.p.d.,
> > >
> > > > I agree, Cordus was writing that the answer to the devaluation would be to tax the rich, the Senatorial class, but being a 'good' emperor meant that you wouldn't do such a thing.
> > >
> > > The emperors during the crisis taxed the rich, but they did not solve the economic problems too, even if they were not stoic.
> > >
> > > I am not sure that the stoicism was a cause of failure towards the crisis.
> >
>
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75726 From: petronius_dexter Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Re: Stoicism and economic crisis
C. Petronius Maiori s.p.d.,

> Let me add further from Cordus:
> "My final charge against Aurelius was that he allowed
> the throne to go to an incompetent. It's no secret
> that Commodus was totally unsuited to being emperor,

When Commodus became emperor, first with his father on 177, he was 15 years old, and alone emperor after the death of his father in 181, he was 20 years old. He was not yet the future "monster" described by the propaganda of the senoatorial party. Marcus Aurelius never can know the future "madness" of his son which rose after the first conspiration of Lucilla the widow of Lucius Verus.

Modern think that the emperors of this "dynasty" never choose as successor a son. It is true because none of them had son. Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius did not have son. The one who had sons was Marcus Aurelius.

If Marcus Aurelius did not chose his son first as Caesar, then as co-emperor, he should give his son to the death or the empire to a civil war. It was not possible to have as successor another man than his son, if he wanted him alive after his own death.

Marcus Aurelius did not can devine the following of the reign of his son. We think that Commodus was a bad emperor, because of the propaganda of the rich, the senatorial party, but in fact his successor Septimius Severus called himself the brother of Commodus to enter into the Antonine dynasty. If Commodus was so bad, never Septimius Severus reminded his memory.

Optime vale.

C. Petronius Dexter
Arcoiali scribebat
Pridie Kalendas Maias P. Memmio K. Fabio II coss.
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75727 From: marcushoratius Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Pridie Kalendas Maias: Death of Seneca; Battle of the Campus Ergenus
M. Moravius Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Deis immortlibus nobis laetitiam det

Hodie est die pristini Kalendas Maias; haec dies comitialis est: Ludi Florialis; Canis se vespere celat; tempestatem significat.

AUC 818 / 65 CE: Nero has M. Annaeus Lucanus executed

There is very little known of the early life of Seneca. He was first brought to Rome as a very young child in 5 CE. In his Consolation to Helvia Seneca says he was carried there in the arms of his aunt (19.2). From where he was brought is not clear. His family came from Cordoba, Hispania, and the assumption is made that he was born there. As a child and as a young man he suffered from poor health. So poor in fact that when he and Caligula had a severe falling out in 38 CE, Caligula did not havehim executed because he thought Seneca would soon die anyway. He credits his aunt with nursing him back to health. She was living in Egypt and it may be that he travelled there, as such trips were taken for reasons of health. In 41 Seneca was exiled to Sardinia by Claudius, at the request of Valeria Messalina. The accusation was that he had had an affair with Caligula's sister, Julia Livilla. Claudius fourth wife, Agrippina the Younger, had Seneca recalled as a tutor of her twelve year old son Nero. Upon the death of Claudius in 54, Agrippina had Nero declared emperor over Claudius' son Britannicus. Seneca, along with the praetorian prefect, Sex. Afranius Burrus, became advisors to Nero. Then Nero had his mother Agrippina murdered in 59. Burrus died in 62 and Seneca retired from public life. But then in 65 CE Seneca was implicated in an assassination conspiracy led by C. Calpurnius Piso and Nero used this (probably false) accusation to order his death. Tacitus claimed that it was a long death. Seneca first attempted unsuccessfully to commit suicide by opening his veins. When that did not work, he took poison. And finally he was placed in a tub of hot water to help the flow of blood from his veins, and warm him from a chill, but instead suffocated from the steam. His last act was the sprinkle one of his slave with water from his bath, saying "I offer this liquid as a libation to Jupiter the Deliverer (Tact. Annales 15.64)."


AUC 1066 / 313 CE: Battle of the Campus Ergenus

With the death of Galerius, his nephew, Maximinus Daia, and his personal friend, Licinius, divided the Eastern provinces. Constantinus and Maxentius were still struggling for control of the West. When Constantinus finally won at the Battle of the Milvia Bridge and allied with Licinus, Maximinus Daia had no choice but to cross the Bosperus and attempt to defeat Licinius before his alliance with Constantinus could be felt. Their armies met on the plain of the River Ergenus near Hadrianopolis.

On the night before the battle Licinius received a vision just as had Constantinus. The Christian Lactanius made this a vision of an angel who taught Licinius a way to pray to the Christian's god. Licinus' prayer is to Sol Invictus:

"Supreme God, we beseech You; Holy God, we beseech You; unto You we commend all right; unto You we commend our safety; unto You we commend our empire. By You we live, by You we are victorious and happy. Supreme Holy God, hear our prayers; to You we stretch forth our arms. Hear, Holy Supreme God."

Just as Constantinus had the simulacrum of Sol Invictus painted on the shields of his army, Licinius, prior to this battle and still later, ordered his soldiers to sacrifice to Deus Sanctus Sol [ILS 8940 at Salsovia (Mahmudia), Dacia]. The prayer to Sol Invictus was distributed among the army, and later posted in cities as Licinius advanced further east. And just as Constantinus was saluted by the legiones in 320 as "Constantine Auguste, dii te nobis servant!" (Codex Theodosianus 7.20.2), Licinius, too, remained devoted to the Di immortales and took Sol Invictus as the patron of his reign. Lactantius, who provides a description of the battle, held that Licinius was a Christian emperor. The Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius changed its view of Licinius with the political winds, in the last version, in 324, declaring him a persecutor of Christians where earlier Eusebius of Caesarea had hailed Licinius as a Christian Emperor defeating the "oppressor" Maximinus Daia.

"Licinius resolved to give battle on the kalends of May; for precisely eight years before Daia had received the dignity of Cæsar, and Licinius chose that day in hopes that Daia might be vanquished on the anniversary of his reign, as Maxentius had been on his . Daia, however, purposed to give battle earlier, to fight on the day before those kalends, and to triumph on the anniversary of his reign. Accounts came that Daia was in motion; the soldiers of Licinius armed themselves; and advanced. A barren and open plain, called Campus Serenus, lay between the two armies. They were now in sight of one another. The soldiers of Licinius placed their shields on the ground, took off their helmets, and, following the example of their leaders, stretched forth their hands towards heaven. Then the emperor uttered the prayer, and they all repeated it after him. The host, doomed to speedy destruction, heard the murmur of the prayers of their adversaries. And now, the ceremony having been thrice performed, the soldiers of Licinius became full of courage, buckled on their helmets again, and resumed their shields. The two emperors advanced to a conference: but Daia could not be brought to peace; for he held Licinius in contempt, and imagined that the soldiers would presently abandon an emperor parsimonious in his donatives, and enter into the service of one liberal even to profusion. And indeed it was on this notion that he began the war. He looked for the voluntary surrender of the armies of Licinius; and, thus reinforced, he meant forthwith to have attacked Constantine.

"So the two armies drew nigh; the trumpets gave the signal; the military ensigns advanced; the troops of Licinius charged. But the enemies, panic-struck, could neither draw their swords nor yet throw their javelins. Daia went about, and, alternately by entreaties and promises, attempted to seduce the soldiers of Licinius. But he was not hearkened to in any quarter, and they drove him back. Then were the troops of Daia slaughtered, none making resistance; and such numerous legions, and forces so mighty, were mowed down by an inferior enemy. No one called to mind his reputation, or former valour, or the honourable rewards which had been conferred on him. The Supreme God did so place their necks under the sword of their foes, that they seemed to have entered the field, not as combatants, but as men devoted to death. After great numbers had fallen, Daia perceived that everything went contrary to his hopes; and therefore he threw aside the purple, and having put on the habit of a slave, hasted across the Thracian Bosphorus. One half of his army perished in battle, and the rest either surrendered to the victor or fled; for now that the emperor himself had deserted, there seemed to be no shame in desertion. Before the expiration of the kalends of May, Daia arrived at Nicomedia, although distant one hundred and sixty miles from the field of battle. So in the space of one day and two nights he performed that journey. Having hurried away with his children and wife, and a few officers of his court, he went towards Syria; but having been joined by some troops from those quarters, and having collected together a part of his fugitive forces, he halted in Cappadocia, and then he resumed the imperial garb." ~ Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorurn46-47

Maximinus Daia made a stand at the Cilician Gates in south-western Anatolia where he was defeated for a final time by Licinius.


The Oracle of Valerius Conatus

"When the Romans were fighting against Pyrrhus of Epeirus, Aemilius Paulus received an oracle that he should be victorious if he would erect an altar where he should see a man of the nobles with his chariot swallowed up in an abyss. Three days later Valerius Conatus in a dream saw a vision which commanded him to don his priestly rainment, for he was, in fact, an expert augur. When he had led forth his men and slain many enemy, he was swallowed up by the earth. Aemilius built an altar, gained a victory, and sent back one hundred and sixty turreted elephants to Rome. The altar delivers oracles at that time of year when Pyrrhus was vanquished. This Critolaus relates in the third book of his Eperiote History." ~ Pseudo-Plutarch, Parallela Minor 307 B


Today's thought is from Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 9.27:

"When another blames thee or hates thee, or when people voice similar criticisms about thee saying anything injurious, approach their poor souls, penetrate within, and see what kind of people they are. Thou wilt discover that there is no reason to be racked withanxiety that they should hold any particular opinion about thee."
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75728 From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Invitation to the Floralia in Aquincum (Budapest, Hungary) on 22-23
Cn. Lentulus legatus pro praetore Pannoniae: Quiritibus: sal.

I am glad to announce the third Nova Roman Floralia Carnival in Pannonia (Hungary), in Budapest, ancient city of Aquincum, celebrating the 2000th Anniversary of the Romans occupying the province (2009-2010 are declared the two years of celebration of the founding of Pannonia).

DATE of the event: 22-23 May.

All Nova Romans are invited, accommodation will be free, provided at the homes of Pannonian Nova Romans. Meal will be free!

Please send me a _private note_ if you are interested!

The event is planned to be international, it depends on your participation from other provinces. Last year we had such excellent guests like Flamen C. Petronius from Gallia, A. Apollonius Cordus from Britannia, aedilicius Sex. Lucilius Tutor and others as well.

The Floralia of Aquincum is a great carnival organized by the Aquincum Museum, the 21st time this time, with which the Pannonian province of Nova Roma collaborates in organizing the programs. This is the 3rd time when Nova Roma is a co-organizer of the event.

There will be various activities and programs, spectacles, gladiators, legions, civilians, religious celebrations, Roman fashion show, plays, and much more.

- Photos about last year's Floralia in Aquincum:

http://floralia2009.ap-claudia-alba.fotoalbum.hu/

- You can watch some reports about last years' Aquincum Floralia Carnival, made by Hungarian televisions:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUriYdGpU2w

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrojdQDpMCo&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epo0aolCkyc&feature=related

- Here you can see some photos about the Museum area and ruins of the historical Aquincum where the event takes place:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5YNmL-qXRc&feature=related

- Here is the website of the Aquincum Museum:

http://www.aquincum.hu/


ATTENTION:

Please *send me* a *private* note if you are interested.


VALETE!

CN CORNELIVS LENTVLVS
LEGATVS PRO PRAETORE PANNONIAE
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75729 From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Kalends, 5/1/2010, 12:00 am
Reminder from:   Nova-Roma Yahoo! Group
 
Title:   Kalends
 
Date:   Saturday May 1, 2010
Time:   All Day
Repeats:   This event repeats every month.
Notes:   Every Kalends is sacred to Juno
"Be well, Queen Juno, look down and preserve us. Accept this offering
of incense and look kindly and favorably upon me and the Senate and
people of Nova Roma."
(Incense is placed in focus)

"Queen Juno, in addition to my virtuous offering of incense, be
honored by this offering of wine that I pour in libation. May you look
kindly and favorably upon the Senate and people of Nova Roma."
(Libation is poured for the Goddess)
 
Copyright © 2010  Yahoo! Inc. All Rights Reserved | Terms of Service | Privacy Policy
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75730 From: L. Livia Plauta Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Re: papyrus of a Roman letter
Salve Maior,
thanks a lot for the link! I wish I was a bit more knowledgeable about Latin
cursive writing. I can only make out a few words: "lucrum facit", "dominum
occidere vult". Even though the calligraphy seems a lot clearer than on
other similar documents I've seen.
I guess I'll take a longer look at the whole site
(http://www.papyrology.ox.ac.uk/POxy/VExhibition/exhib_welcome.html).
Ah, and here I found the comment to the letter:
http://www.papyrology.ox.ac.uk/POxy/VExhibition/millennium_docs/syneros_chius.html

Optime vale,
Livia

----- Original Message -----
From: "rory12001" <rory12001@...>
To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Friday, April 30, 2010 5:11 AM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] papyrus of a Roman letter


Maior Quiritibus spd;
I am posting this link I received from another group it is a quite rare
example of a Roman era letter, written in latin
http://www.papyrology.ox.ac.uk/POxy/VExhibition/images/e3.jpg
enjoy
optime valete
Maior
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75731 From: Maxima Valeria Messallina Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Re: papyrus of a Roman letter
Salvete,
 
Wow! How amazing that it has survived all these centuries so well preserved that you can actually read it. (Not that I know enough Latin to read it. LOL)
Thank you for sharing, Maior, and thank you, Livia, for the extra links, especially the comments. Interesting fact that they separated their words with dots.
 
Valete bene,
 
Maxima Valeria Messallina
 


<<--- On Fri, 4/30/10, L. Livia Plauta <livia.plauta@...> wrote:

Salve Maior,

thanks a lot for the link! I wish I was a bit more knowledgeable about Latin
cursive writing. I can only make out a few words: "lucrum facit", "dominum
occidere vult". Even though the calligraphy seems a lot clearer than on
other similar documents I've seen.
I guess I'll take a longer look at the whole site
(http://www.papyrolo gy.ox.ac. uk/POxy/VExhibit ion/exhib_ welcome.html).
Ah, and here I found the comment to the letter:
http://www.papyrolo gy.ox.ac. uk/POxy/VExhibit ion/millennium_ docs/syneros_ chius.html

Optime vale,
Livia>>

>>>Maior Quiritibus spd;
I am posting this link I received from another group it is a quite rare
example of a Roman era letter, written in latin
http://www.papyrolo gy.ox.ac. uk/POxy/VExhibit ion/images/ e3.jpg
enjoy
optime valete
Maior<<<




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75732 From: L. Livia Plauta Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Re: papyrus of a Roman letter
Salve Messallina,
wonders of the desert climate! Actually not everybody separated words with
dots, most of the times they were just written continuously with no spaces.
Someone more erudite surely can tell us when the dots started appearing.
Fact is, the writer of this papyrus had better calligraphy than most.

Optime vale,
Livia

----- Original Message -----
From: "Maxima Valeria Messallina" <maximavaleriamessallina@...>
To: <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Saturday, May 01, 2010 12:05 AM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] papyrus of a Roman letter


Salvete,

Wow! How amazing that it has survived all these centuries so well preserved
that you can actually read it. (Not that I know enough Latin to read it.
LOL)
Thank you for sharing, Maior, and thank you, Livia, for the extra links,
especially the comments. Interesting fact that they separated their words
with dots.

Valete bene,

Maxima Valeria Messallina



<<--- On Fri, 4/30/10, L. Livia Plauta <livia.plauta@...> wrote:

Salve Maior,

thanks a lot for the link! I wish I was a bit more knowledgeable about Latin
cursive writing. I can only make out a few words: "lucrum facit", "dominum
occidere vult". Even though the calligraphy seems a lot clearer than on
other similar documents I've seen.
I guess I'll take a longer look at the whole site
(http://www.papyrolo gy.ox.ac. uk/POxy/VExhibit ion/exhib_ welcome.html).
Ah, and here I found the comment to the letter:
http://www.papyrolo gy.ox.ac. uk/POxy/VExhibit ion/millennium_ docs/syneros_
chius.html

Optime vale,
Livia>>

>>>Maior Quiritibus spd;
I am posting this link I received from another group it is a quite rare
example of a Roman era letter, written in latin
http://www.papyrolo gy.ox.ac. uk/POxy/VExhibit ion/images/ e3.jpg
enjoy
optime valete
Maior<<<




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Group: Nova-Roma Message: 75733 From: Dal Date: 2010-04-30
Subject: Re: Pridie Kalendas Maias: Death of Seneca; Battle of the Campus Erg
--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "marcushoratius" <MHoratius@...> wrote:
>
> M. Moravius Horatianus Quiritibus, cultoribus Deorum, et omnibus salutem plurimam dicit: Deis immortlibus nobis laetitiam det
>
> Hodie est die pristini Kalendas Maias; haec dies comitialis est: Ludi Florialis; Canis se vespere celat; tempestatem significat.
>
> AUC 818 / 65 CE: Nero has M. Annaeus Lucanus executed
>
> There is very little known of the early life of Seneca. He was first brought to Rome as a very young child in 5 CE. In his Consolation to Helvia Seneca says he was carried there in the arms of his aunt (19.2). From where he was brought is not clear. His family came from Cordoba, Hispania, and the assumption is made that he was born there. As a child and as a young man he suffered from poor health. So poor in fact that when he and Caligula had a severe falling out in 38 CE, Caligula did not havehim executed because he thought Seneca would soon die anyway. He credits his aunt with nursing him back to health. She was living in Egypt and it may be that he travelled there, as such trips were taken for reasons of health. In 41 Seneca was exiled to Sardinia by Claudius, at the request of Valeria Messalina. The accusation was that he had had an affair with Caligula's sister, Julia Livilla. Claudius fourth wife, Agrippina the Younger, had Seneca recalled as a tutor of her twelve year old son Nero. Upon the death of Claudius in 54, Agrippina had Nero declared emperor over Claudius' son Britannicus. Seneca, along with the praetorian prefect, Sex. Afranius Burrus, became advisors to Nero. Then Nero had his mother Agrippina murdered in 59. Burrus died in 62 and Seneca retired from public life. But then in 65 CE Seneca was implicated in an assassination conspiracy led by C. Calpurnius Piso and Nero used this (probably false) accusation to order his death. Tacitus claimed that it was a long death. Seneca first attempted unsuccessfully to commit suicide by opening his veins. When that did not work, he took poison. And finally he was placed in a tub of hot water to help the flow of blood from his veins, and warm him from a chill, but instead suffocated from the steam. His last act was the sprinkle one of his slave with water from his bath, saying "I offer this liquid as a libation to Jupiter the Deliverer (Tact. Annales 15.64)."
>
>
> AUC 1066 / 313 CE: Battle of the Campus Ergenus
>
> With the death of Galerius, his nephew, Maximinus Daia, and his personal friend, Licinius, divided the Eastern provinces. Constantinus and Maxentius were still struggling for control of the West. When Constantinus finally won at the Battle of the Milvia Bridge and allied with Licinus, Maximinus Daia had no choice but to cross the Bosperus and attempt to defeat Licinius before his alliance with Constantinus could be felt. Their armies met on the plain of the River Ergenus near Hadrianopolis.
>
> On the night before the battle Licinius received a vision just as had Constantinus. The Christian Lactanius made this a vision of an angel who taught Licinius a way to pray to the Christian's god. Licinus' prayer is to Sol Invictus:
>
> "Supreme God, we beseech You; Holy God, we beseech You; unto You we commend all right; unto You we commend our safety; unto You we commend our empire. By You we live, by You we are victorious and happy. Supreme Holy God, hear our prayers; to You we stretch forth our arms. Hear, Holy Supreme God."
>
> Just as Constantinus had the simulacrum of Sol Invictus painted on the shields of his army, Licinius, prior to this battle and still later, ordered his soldiers to sacrifice to Deus Sanctus Sol [ILS 8940 at Salsovia (Mahmudia), Dacia]. The prayer to Sol Invictus was distributed among the army, and later posted in cities as Licinius advanced further east. And just as Constantinus was saluted by the legiones in 320 as "Constantine Auguste, dii te nobis servant!" (Codex Theodosianus 7.20.2), Licinius, too, remained devoted to the Di immortales and took Sol Invictus as the patron of his reign. Lactantius, who provides a description of the battle, held that Licinius was a Christian emperor. The Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius changed its view of Licinius with the political winds, in the last version, in 324, declaring him a persecutor of Christians where earlier Eusebius of Caesarea had hailed Licinius as a Christian Emperor defeating the "oppressor" Maximinus Daia.
>
> "Licinius resolved to give battle on the kalends of May; for precisely eight years before Daia had received the dignity of Cæsar, and Licinius chose that day in hopes that Daia might be vanquished on the anniversary of his reign, as Maxentius had been on his . Daia, however, purposed to give battle earlier, to fight on the day before those kalends, and to triumph on the anniversary of his reign. Accounts came that Daia was in motion; the soldiers of Licinius armed themselves; and advanced. A barren and open plain, called Campus Serenus, lay between the two armies. They were now in sight of one another. The soldiers of Licinius placed their shields on the ground, took off their helmets, and, following the example of their leaders, stretched forth their hands towards heaven. Then the emperor uttered the prayer, and they all repeated it after him. The host, doomed to speedy destruction, heard the murmur of the prayers of their adversaries. And now, the ceremony having been thrice performed, the soldiers of Licinius became full of courage, buckled on their helmets again, and resumed their shields. The two emperors advanced to a conference: but Daia could not be brought to peace; for he held Licinius in contempt, and imagined that the soldiers would presently abandon an emperor parsimonious in his donatives, and enter into the service of one liberal even to profusion. And indeed it was on this notion that he began the war. He looked for the voluntary surrender of the armies of Licinius; and, thus reinforced, he meant forthwith to have attacked Constantine.
>
> "So the two armies drew nigh; the trumpets gave the signal; the military ensigns advanced; the troops of Licinius charged. But the enemies, panic-struck, could neither draw their swords nor yet throw their javelins. Daia went about, and, alternately by entreaties and promises, attempted to seduce the soldiers of Licinius. But he was not hearkened to in any quarter, and they drove him back. Then were the troops of Daia slaughtered, none making resistance; and such numerous legions, and forces so mighty, were mowed down by an inferior enemy. No one called to mind his reputation, or former valour, or the honourable rewards which had been conferred on him. The Supreme God did so place their necks under the sword of their foes, that they seemed to have entered the field, not as combatants, but as men devoted to death. After great numbers had fallen, Daia perceived that everything went contrary to his hopes; and therefore he threw aside the purple, and having put on the habit of a slave, hasted across the Thracian Bosphorus. One half of his army perished in battle, and the rest either surrendered to the victor or fled; for now that the emperor himself had deserted, there seemed to be no shame in desertion. Before the expiration of the kalends of May, Daia arrived at Nicomedia, although distant one hundred and sixty miles from the field of battle. So in the space of one day and two nights he performed that journey. Having hurried away with his children and wife, and a few officers of his court, he went towards Syria; but having been joined by some troops from those quarters, and having collected together a part of his fugitive forces, he halted in Cappadocia, and then he resumed the imperial garb." ~ Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorurn46-47
>
> Maximinus Daia made a stand at the Cilician Gates in south-western Anatolia where he was defeated for a final time by Licinius.
>
>
> The Oracle of Valerius Conatus
>
> "When the Romans were fighting against Pyrrhus of Epeirus, Aemilius Paulus received an oracle that he should be victorious if he would erect an altar where he should see a man of the nobles with his chariot swallowed up in an abyss. Three days later Valerius Conatus in a dream saw a vision which commanded him to don his priestly rainment, for he was, in fact, an expert augur. When he had led forth his men and slain many enemy, he was swallowed up by the earth. Aemilius built an altar, gained a victory, and sent back one hundred and sixty turreted elephants to Rome. The altar delivers oracles at that time of year when Pyrrhus was vanquished. This Critolaus relates in the third book of his Eperiote History." ~ Pseudo-Plutarch, Parallela Minor 307 B
>
>
> Today's thought is from Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 9.27:
>
> "When another blames thee or hates thee, or when people voice similar criticisms about thee saying anything injurious, approach their poor souls, penetrate within, and see what kind of people they are. Thou wilt discover that there is no reason to be racked withanxiety that they should hold any particular opinion about thee."
>


Salvete,

I love this man, Marcus Horatius. He provides the best information. In such a clear way, and so consistently. What would I do without you



Gaius Iulius Calvinus