Digest

Selected messages in Nova-Roma group.

Jul 1-31, 2011

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85025	From: Gaius Petronius Dexter	Date: 2011-07-01
Subject: Kalendis Quintiibus - Felicitati

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85026	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-01
Subject: KALENDIS QUINCTILIBUS

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85027	From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com	Date: 2011-07-01
Subject: After every Kalends, Nones, Ides, the next day is "Ater", 7/2/2011,

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85028	From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher	Date: 2011-07-02
Subject: FW: [Explorator] explorator 14.11

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85029	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-04
Subject: a.d. IV Non. Quinct.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85030	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-04
Subject: OT - INDEPENDENCE DAY

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85032	From: Nyk Cowham	Date: 2011-07-04
Subject: Re: OT - Independence Day

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85033	From: C.Maria Caeca	Date: 2011-07-04
Subject: Re: OT - Independence Day

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85034	From: luciaiuliaaquila	Date: 2011-07-04
Subject: Re: OT - INDEPENDENCE DAY

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85035	From: Robin Marquardt	Date: 2011-07-04
Subject: TO CAESAR'S CHILDREN

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85037	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-07
Subject: NONAE QUINCTILIBUS

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85038	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-08
Subject: a.d. VIII Id. Quinct.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85039	From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar	Date: 2011-07-10
Subject: Ludi Apollinares

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85040	From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher	Date: 2011-07-10
Subject: FW: [Explorator] explorator 14.12

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85041	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-10
Subject: a.d. VII Id. Quinct.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85042	From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar	Date: 2011-07-10
Subject: Ludi Apollinares

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85043	From: Steven "Venator" Robinson	Date: 2011-07-11
Subject: Re: Congratulatio Pontifici Maximo C. Petronio Dextero!

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85044	From: Steven "Venator" Robinson	Date: 2011-07-11
Subject: Almost there...

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85045	From: Steven "Venator" Robinson	Date: 2011-07-14
Subject: 14 July 1789 - le quatorze juillet

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85046	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-14
Subject: prid. Id. Quinct.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85047	From: Q Caecilius Metellus	Date: 2011-07-15
Subject: de Senatus Renuntiationibus

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85048	From: A. Tullia Scholastica	Date: 2011-07-15
Subject: Allons!

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85049	From: A. Tullia Scholastica	Date: 2011-07-15
Subject: Re: de Senatus Renuntiationibus

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85050	From: Robert Woolwine	Date: 2011-07-15
Subject: Re: de Senatus Renuntiationibus

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85051	From: A. Tullia Scholastica	Date: 2011-07-18
Subject: Allons!

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85052	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Ludi Apollinares?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85053	From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85054	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85055	From: Cn. Iulius Caesar	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85056	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Stoicism

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85057	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85058	From: Belle Morte Statia	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85059	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85060	From: Belle Morte Statia	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85061	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85062	From: Belle Morte Statia	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85063	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: THE LUCARIA

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85064	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: a.d. XIII Kal. Sext.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85065	From: N. Tituria Sabina	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85066	From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85067	From: jeffery craft	Date: 2011-07-21
Subject: (no subject)

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85068	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-22
Subject: a.d. XII Kal. Sext.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85069	From: Martin G. Conde	Date: 2011-07-23
Subject: Roma, Archeologia - Gli scavi confermano: Colosseo, Ikea del Medioev

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85070	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-23
Subject: a.d. X Kal. Sext. - THE NEPTUNALIA

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85071	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-26
Subject: Interesting site!

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85072	From: luciaiuliaaquila	Date: 2011-07-26
Subject: Roman Recon in So. Queensland, Australia

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85073	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-26
Subject: a.d. VII Kal. Sext.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85074	From: Robert Woolwine	Date: 2011-07-26
Subject: Conventus list closure?

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85075	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-27
Subject: a.d. VI Kal. Sext.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85076	From: Michel Lavau	Date: 2011-07-27
Subject: Re: a.d. VII Kal. Sext.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85077	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-27
Subject: Re: a.d. VII Kal. Sext.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85078	From: petronius_dexter	Date: 2011-07-27
Subject: Re: a.d. VII Kal. Sext.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85079	From: A. Tullia Scholastica	Date: 2011-07-28
Subject: Re: a.d. VII Kal. Sext.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85080	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-28
Subject: a.d. IV Kal. Sext.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85081	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-29
Subject: a.d. III Kal. Sext.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85082	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-31
Subject: prid. Kal. Sext.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85083	From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com	Date: 2011-07-31
Subject: Kalends, 8/1/2011, 12:00 am

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85025	From: Gaius Petronius Dexter	Date: 2011-07-01
Subject: Kalendis Quintiibus - Felicitati

C. Petronius Dexter P. M. omnibus Quiritibus Novis Romanis salutem plurimam dicit,

Those Kalends are sacred to Felicitas, a personification of Juno, as the goddess of happiness.
A temple to Felicitas in Rome was dedicated on this day.

This day, I invoked Iuno Covella with the traditional formula:

"Die Septimi te kalo Iuno Covella"

I said good prayers asking the Goddess to be favorable toward
us, New Romans.

I offered incense and poured milk as sacrifice and honey as piaculum.

------------------------------------------------------

The festivals to be celebrated in the month of July will be:

QVINTILIS:

F 1 Kal. Quin. N
G 2 a.d. VI Non. Quin. N Ater
H 3 a.d. V Non. Quin. N
A 4 a.d. IV Non. Quin. N Nundina
B 5 a.d. III Non. Quin. NP Poplifugium
C 6 pr. Non. Quin. N Apollo
D 7 Non. Quin. N L. Apollinares. Ater
E 8 a.d. VIII Id. Quin. N L. Apollinares
F 9 a.d. VII Id. Quin. N L. Apollinares
G 10 a.d. VI Id. Quin. C L. Apollinares
H 11 a.d. V Id. Quin. C L. Apollinares
A 12 a.d. IV Id. Quin. C L. Apollinares. Nundina
B 13 a.d. III Id. Quin. C L. Apollinares
C 14 pr. Id. Quin. C
D 15 Id. Quin. NP Feriae Iovi
E 16 a.d. XVII Kal. Sex. F Ater
F 17 a.d. XVI Kal. Sex. C
G 18 a.d. XV Kal. Sex. C "Alliensis"
H 19 a.d. XIV Kal. Sex. NP Lucaria
A 20 a.d. XIII Kal. Sex. C Nundina
B 21 a.d. XII Kal. Sex. NP Lucaria II, Concordiae
C 22 a.d. XI Kal. Sex. C
D 23 a.d. X Kal. Sex. NP Neptunalia
E 24 a.d. IX Kal. Sex. N
F 25 a.d. VII Kal. Sex. NP Furrinalia
G 26 a.d. VII Kal. Sex. C
H 27 a.d. VI Kal. Sex. C
A 28 a.d. V Kal. Sex. C Nundina
B 29 a.d. IV Kal. Sex. C
C 30 a.d. III Kal. Sex. C
D 31 pr. Kal. Sex. C

---------------------------------------------------------

From 9 to 13 July the praetors will preside the Ludi Apollinares in Nova Roma.
I hope good games sacred to Apollo for our fellow citizens.

Optime valete.

--
C. Petronius Dexter
Pontifex Maximus Arcoiali scribebat
Kalendis Quintilibus P. Vllerio C. Equitio coss.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85026	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-01
Subject: KALENDIS QUINCTILIBUS

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est Kalendis Quintilibus; hic dies nefastus est.

"True felicity lies only in the senses, and virtue gratifies none of
them." - Donatien Alphonse-Francois, Marquis de Sade

Today is dedicated to the goddess Felicitas. In Rome, Felicitas is
the goddess or personification of good luck and success. She plays an
important role in Rome's state religion during the empire, and was
frequently portrayed on coins. She became a prominent symbol of the
wealth and prosperity of the Roman Empire. Felicitas was unknown
before the mid-2nd century BC, when a temple was dedicated to her in
the Velabrum in the Campus Martius by Lucius Licinius Lucullus, using
booty from his 151Â–150 BC campaign in Spain. The temple was destroyed
by a fire during the reign of Claudius and was never rebuilt.

Another temple in Rome was planned by Iulius Caesar and was erected
after his death by Marcus Aemilius Lepidus on the site of the Curia
Hostilia, which had been restored by Lucius Cornelius Sulla but
demolished by Caesar in 44 BC. This temple no longer existed by the
time of Hadrian, and its site probably lies under the church of Santi
Martina e Luca.

The word felicitas, "luck", is also the source of the word and name
felicity.

Valete bene!

Cato

OT - Jules Verne has a 16th century alchemist named Arne Saknussemm use the Kalends of July in "Journey to the Center of the Earth".

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85027	From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com	Date: 2011-07-01
Subject: After every Kalends, Nones, Ides, the next day is "Ater", 7/2/2011,

Reminder from:		Nova-Roma Yahoo! Group

Title:		After every Kalends, Nones, Ides, the next day is "Ater"

Date:		Saturday July 2, 2011
Time:		All Day
Repeats:		This event repeats every month.
Notes:		Ater (unlucky) Gods or Goddesses should not be invoked by name while indoors, and no celestial God or Goddess should be invoked by name while outdoors. Sacrifices should not be made, even at the lararium. These days are ill-omened to begin any new project since any new project would necessarily begin by performing a rite calling for the assistance of the gods. Such religious rites, beginning something new, are not to be performed. Avoid making journeys, or doing anything risky.

Get reminders on your mobile, Yahoo! Messenger, and email. Edit reminder options

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85028	From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher	Date: 2011-07-02
Subject: FW: [Explorator] explorator 14.11

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85029	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-04
Subject: a.d. IV Non. Quinct.

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem IV Nonas Quinctilis; hic dies nefastus est.

"I believe myself to be right in suspecting that, even if Fortune and
Virtue are engaged in a direct and continual strife and discord with
each other, yet, at least for such a welding together of dominion and
power, it is likely that they suspended hostilities and joined forces;
and by joining forces they co-operated in completing this most
beautiful of human works. Even as Plato asserts that the entire
universe arose from fire and earth as the first and necessary
elements, that it might become visible and tangible, fearth
contributing to it weight and stability, and fire contributing colour,
form, and movement; but the medial elements, water and air, by
softening and quenching the dissimilarity of both extremes, united
them and brought about the composite nature of Matter through them; in
this way, then, in my opinion, did Time lay the foundation for the
Roman State and, with the help of God, so combine and join together
Fortune and Virtue that, by taking the peculiar qualities of each, he
might construct for all mankind a Hearth, in truth both holy and
beneficent, a steadfast cable, a principle abiding for ever, "an
anchorage from the swell and drift," as Democritus says, amid the
shifting conditions of human affairs. For even as the physicists
assert that the world was in ancient days not a world nor were the
atoms willing to coalesce and mix together and bestow a universal form
upon Nature, but, since the atoms, which were yet small and were being
borne hither and thither, kept eluding and escaping incorporation and
entanglement, and the larger, close-compacted atoms bwere already
engaging in terrific struggles and confusion among themselves, there
was pitching and tossing, and all things were full of destruction and
drift and wreckage until such time as the earth, by acquiring
magnitude from the union of the wandering atoms, somehow came to be
permanently abiding herself, and provided a permanent abode in herself
and round about herself for the other elements; even so, while the
mightiest powers and dominions among men were being driven about as
Fortune willed, and were continuing to collide one with another
because no one held the supreme power, but all wished to hold it, the
continuous movement, drift, and change of all peoples remained without
remedy, until such time as Rome acquired strength and growth, and had
attached to herself not only the nations and peoples within her own
borders, but also royal dominions of foreign peoples beyond the seas,
and thus the affairs of this vast empire gained stability and
security, since the supreme government, which never knew reverse, was
brought within an orderly and single cycle of peace; for though Virtue
in every form was inborn who contrived these things, yet great Good
Fortune was also joined therewith, as it will be possible to
demonstrate as the discourse proceeds." - Plutarch, "On the Fortune of
The Romans" II

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85030	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-04
Subject: OT - INDEPENDENCE DAY

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

"When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one
people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with
another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and
equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle
them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they
should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created
equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable
Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of
Happiness. -- That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted
among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed, -- That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive
of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish
it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such
principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall
seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness...

We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in
General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the
world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by the
Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and
declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free
and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to
the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and
the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and
that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War,
conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all
other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And
for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the
protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our
Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor." - Declaration of
Independence, issued by the Second Continental Congress on 4 July AD 1776

On this day the United States observes the celebration of its
independence from the British Crown.

On June 11, AD 1776, a committee consisting of John Adams of
Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson of
Virginia, Robert R. Livingston of New York, and Roger Sherman of
Connecticut (the "Committee of Five"), was formed to draft a suitable
declaration to frame this resolution. The committee decided that
Jefferson would write the draft, which he showed to Franklin and
Adams, who made several minor corrections. Jefferson then produced
another copy incorporating these changes, and the committee presented
this copy to the Continental Congress on June 28, 1776.

"It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance, by solemn acts
of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and
parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and
illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this
time forward forever more." - John Adams, in a letter to his wife Abigail

Independence was declared on July 2, 1776, pursuant to the "Lee
Resolution" presented to the Continental Congress by Richard Henry Lee
of Virginia on June 7, 1776, which read (in part): "Resolved: That
these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and
independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the
British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the
State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved."

The full Declaration was rewritten somewhat in general session prior
to its adoption by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, at the
Pennsylvania State House. Word of the declaration reached London on
August 10.

Because it is dated July 4, 1776, many people believe it was signed on
that date Â— but it was actually signed on August 2 by most of the
delegates. The Liberty Bell was not rung to celebrate independence,
but to call the local inhabitants to hear the reading of the document
on July 8 - it acquired its name during the years before the US Civil
War when it was rung to call together meetings of abolitionists in
Philadelphia.

In 1777, British officers noted the firing of 13 guns, once at morning
and again as evening fell, on July 4 in Bristol, Rhode Island.
Philadelphia celebrated the first anniversary in a manner a modern
American would find quite familiar: an official dinner for the
Continental Congress, toasts, 13-gun salutes, speeches, prayers,
music, parades, troop reviews and fireworks. Ships were decked with
red, white and blue bunting. In 1778, General George Washington
marked the Fourth with a double ration of rum for his soldiers and an
artillery salute. Across the sea, ambassadors John Adams and Benjamin
Franklin held a dinner for their fellow Americans in Paris, France.

Despite the genesis of Independence Day, it is largely uncommon for
Americans to express anti-British sentiment on the day or to view it
as a celebration of anti-colonialism. Indeed, most Americans today
consider the United Kingdom their greatest ally. Rather than
specifically as an opportunity to commemorate the end of British rule
in the 18th century, contemporary Americans generally perceive the
holiday as a celebration of the U.S. itself and the political values
that motivated the United States Declaration of Independence,
including explicit principles of life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness, and implicit ones of democracy, liberty, freedom, and
equality under the law.

Valete bene - and Happy Fourth of July!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85032	From: Nyk Cowham	Date: 2011-07-04
Subject: Re: OT - Independence Day

Salvete cives in Civitatibus Foederatae Americae S.P.D.

On 4 July 2011 21:14, Cato <catoinnyc@...> wrote:

> Despite the genesis of Independence Day, it is largely uncommon for
> Americans to express anti-British sentiment on the day or to view it
> as a celebration of anti-colonialism. Indeed, most Americans today
> consider the United Kingdom their greatest ally. Rather than
> specifically as an opportunity to commemorate the end of British rule
> in the 18th century, contemporary Americans generally perceive the
> holiday as a celebration of the U.S. itself and the political values
> that motivated the United States Declaration of Independence,
> including explicit principles of life, liberty and the pursuit of
> happiness, and implicit ones of democracy, liberty, freedom, and
> equality under the law.
>
I lived in the US for about 15 years as an English expat. I used to
celebrate July 4th by wearing sunglasses, so that you Americans couldn't see
the whites of my eyes ;)

Happy Independence Day to my American cousins! Enjoy the fireworks!

Valete bene.

Volusus

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85033	From: C.Maria Caeca	Date: 2011-07-04
Subject: Re: OT - Independence Day

Salve Voluse, et salvete omnes!

Thank you, and I wish a happy holiday to al who celebrate it! Have a great time, and be safe. Also, I wish, belatedly, I regret, a very happy Canada Day to our Canadian Cives, and a happy Bastille day to our Petronius and any other residents of his Provincia on the 14th.

Vale et valete bene!
C. Maria Caeca

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85034	From: luciaiuliaaquila	Date: 2011-07-04
Subject: Re: OT - INDEPENDENCE DAY

Iulia Catoni omnibusque S.P.D.

Happy 4th American cives et amici!

Gratias tibi Consul for posting the Declaration1

While celebrating I will raise a glass to those still struggling for freedom and independence all over the world. We here in the states take so much for granted yet in these times we are very aware of those who suffer from lack of basic rights and freedoms.
May the Gods continue to keep America the great country she is!

Having a few technical problems I was unable to wish our fellow citizens, and amici, in the Canadian provinces a wonderful Canada Day - so please accept my belated best wishes!

To Petronius and our French citizens, an early happy Bastille day!!!
Vive la France!!!

Valete optime

Julia

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85035	From: Robin Marquardt	Date: 2011-07-04
Subject: TO CAESAR'S CHILDREN

Ut totus Caesar's liberi:
Yes, Happy 4th of July!!

Remind the oppressors what our forefathers traveled the world to spread; FREEDOM... the inalienable right to freedom.
Ti. Marci Quadra

________________________________
From: luciaiuliaaquila <luciaiuliaaquila@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Tuesday, July 5, 2011 4:46 AM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: OT - INDEPENDENCE DAY

Â
Iulia Catoni omnibusque S.P.D.

Happy 4th American cives et amici!

Gratias tibi Consul for posting the Declaration1

While celebrating I will raise a glass to those still struggling for freedom and independence all over the world. We here in the states take so much for granted yet in these times we are very aware of those who suffer from lack of basic rights and freedoms.
May the Gods continue to keep America the great country she is!

Having a few technical problems I was unable to wish our fellow citizens, and amici, in the Canadian provinces a wonderful Canada Day - so please accept my belated best wishes!

To Petronius and our French citizens, an early happy Bastille day!!!
Vive la France!!!

Valete optime

Julia

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85037	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-07
Subject: NONAE QUINCTILIBUS

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est Nonae Quinctiliis; hic dies nefastus est.

Today is the observance of the Nonae Caprotina - a special feast
celebrated in honor of Iuno Caprotina. Caprotina is an epithet of Juno
in Her aspect as a fertility Goddess. As Juno Caprotina She is
associated with goats (Latin capra, "she-goat", caper, "he-goat") and
with figs ("caprificus"), both of which are symbolic of fertility: the
fig fruit bears many seeds, and goats are well-known for their
randiness. Her festival was called the Nonae Caprotina, or the "Nones
of Caprotina", held on the nones or 7th day of July, and it was
exclusively celebrated by women, especially slave-women.

The Roman explanation of the Nonae Caprotina is thus: after Rome had
survived a siege by the Gauls, some of the less-friendly neighboring
Latin tribes decided to take advantage of Rome's weakened position and
demanded Roman women in marriage, under the threat of destroying the
city. While the Senate debated what to do, a slave-woman named Tutela
took the matter into her own hands: with a group of other slave-women
dressed as free women, she went to the amassed enemy army, and under
the guise of celebrating a wedding feast, got the Latins quite drunk.
After they had fallen asleep the slave-girls took their weapons, and
Tutela climbed a nearby wild fig tree (caproficus in the Latin) and
waved a torch as signal for the Romans to attack. This they did, and
as a reward for the resulting victory, the Senate gave each
slave-woman who participated her freedom, as well as a generous dowry.
After that, in remembrance of the victory, the Nonae Caprotina were
celebrated. Fig-branches and the milky sap of the fig-tree were
offered to Juno, and festivities, feasts and rites were held in the
fig-grove of the Campus Martius (the Plain of Mars).

Another explanation for this festival was that it commemorated the day
that Romulus, the legendary founder of Rome, mysteriously vanished
during a thunderstorm, after which He was believed to have been taken
by the Gods and made immortal. The site of His disappearance was the
Palus Caprae (or "Goat's Marsh") in the Campus Martius, a swampy basin
not far from the spot where the Pantheon is nowadays. The Nonae
Caprotinae were also connected with the Poplifugia of the 5th of July,
traditionally said to commemorate the people's panicky flight when
faced with either a) the enemy army come to seize the women, or b) the
occasion of Romulus's disappearence into thin air. The actual,
original meaning of the Poplifugia had been long forgotten, though it
may have referred to the ritual defeat or chasing away of the
neighboring Latin armies. Another connection between the Nonae
Caprotinae and the Poplifugia is that is was traditional on the Nonae
Caprotinae for the women to run or be chased from the Temple of Iuno
to the fig-grove where a feast was held.

Goats, figs, and a fleeing populace are the common threads in these
traditions; also located near the Palus Caprae (which is the name
given to that area only in the legend of Romulus' disappearance) were
the Aedicula Capraria, the Shrine of the Goat, and the Vicus
Caprarius, a road literally named "Goat Street", which was probably
named so because it led to the Aedicula Capraria. It is not known if
the Aedicula Capraria was used in the festivities of the Nonae
Caprotina, though that would seem likely. And yet another tradition
names the invading army that frightened the populace so as being from
Ficulea or Ficulnea, an ancient Sabine town whose name means "Of the
Fig-Tree".

The various and confused explanations given for the two related
festivals point to both their importance and their ancient origins.
Probably they are both linked to the fig-harvest, which takes place in
Italy in June and July, and to Juno as a Goddess of the fig tree who
ensured a bountiful crop. The milk-like sap of the fig tree connects
it with fertility, both of Iuno as the Mother Goddess Â— who was after
all equated with the Greek Hera, whose spilled breast milk was said to
have formed the Milky Way Â— and of goats themselves, who were often
kept for milk (even now a bowl of goat's milk is a part of the
traditional breakfast offered in Rome). The fertility of the figs and
goats brought by Iuno Caprotina was probably seen as encouraging the
fertility of the women, as certain of the rites of the Nonae
Caprotinae compare with the Lupercalia, a festival also dedicated to
fertility. The other major theme of the Poplifugia and the Nonae
Caprotina (as well as the Lupercalia) was the ritual spiritual
cleansing of the city: the fig was known in ancient times as a
purgative, and thus associated with the driving out of evil (as both
figs and fig-branches were used in the Greek rite of the Thargelia,
when Athens was symbolically cleansed), so that the people and the
crops might prosper. The Flight of the People (enemy army or panicky
populace) may also connect to a symbolic driving out of enemies or bad
spirits.

Iuno Caprotina was usually depicted with goats, naturally enough: on
one coin She rides a biga, a two "horse" chariot in this case drawn by
a pair of goats; Her dress flows in the wind of Her speed and She
holds what looks like a riding crop. On another coin, on which Her
portrait is stamped, She wears a head-dress made of goat-hide, with
the goat's head over Her own so that the horns are preserved in the
back, and the lower jawline of the goat runs along Her own.

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85038	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-08
Subject: a.d. VIII Id. Quinct.

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem VIII Idus Quinctilis; hic dies fastus aterque est.

"Fertur autem in carminibus Marcii vatis, cuius duo volumina inlata
sunt in senatum, inventum esse ita scriptum: Hostem, Romani, si ex
agro expellere vultis, vomicam quae gentium venit longe, Apollini
censeo vovendos ludos qui quotannis comiter Apollini fiant. His ludis
faciendis praesit is praetor qui ius populo plebique dabit summum:
decemviri Graeco ritu hostiis sacra faciant. Hoc si recte facietis,
gaudebitis semper fietque res publica melior: nam is divus extinguet
perduelles vestros qui vestros campos pascunt placide. Ex hoc carmine
cum procurandi gratia dies unus rebus divinis impensus esset, postea
senatus consultum factum: uti decemviri, quo magis instruerentur de
ludis Apollini agundis reque divina recte facienda, libros Sibyllinos
adirent. In quibus cum eadem reperta nuntiatum esset, censuerunt
Patres: Apollini ludos vovendos faciendosque, inque eam rem duodecim
milia aeris praetori et duas hostias maiores dari, decemvirisque
praeceptum: ut Graeco ritu hisce hostiis sacrum facerent, Apollini
bove aurato et capris duabus albis auratis, Latonae bove femina
aurata. Ludos in circo populus coronatus spectare iussus. Haec
praecipue traditur origo ludorum Apollinarium." - Macrobius,
Saturnalia XVII.28-30

During a rather bad year (212 BC) in the Second Punic War (though they
did have a good win at Syracuse) and several years after their
crushing defeat by the Carthaginian Hannibal at the Battle of Cannae,
the Romans consulted the ancient seer Marcius for his reading from the
sacred texts, the Sibylline Oracles. Marcius advised them to hold
games in honour of the Greek sun god, Apollon, in order to obtain his
aid. Four years later when a plague broke out, the senators of Rome
decided to make the Ludi Apollinares permanent and over the course of
the next two centuries the games came to be a festival lasting eight
days, the principal sacrifice being made on July 13.

It was stated by some of the ancient annalists that these ludi were
instituted for the purpose of obtaining from Apollo the protection of
human life during the hottest season of summer; but Livy and Macrobius
adopt the account founded upon the most authentic document, the
carmina Marciana themselves, that the Apollinarian games were
instituted partly to obtain the aid of Apollo in expelling the
Carthaginians from Italy, and partly to preserve, through the favour
of the god, the republic from all dangers. The oracle suggested that
the games should be held every year under the superintendence of the
praetor urbanus, and that ten men should perform the sacrifices
according to Greek rites. The senate complying with the advice of the
oracle made two senatusconsulta; one that, at the end of the games,
the praetor should receive 12,000 asses to be expended on the
solemnities and sacrifices, and another that the ten men should
sacrifice to Apollo, according to Greek rites, a bull with gilt horns
and two white goats also with gilt horns, and to Latona a heifer with
gilt horns. The games themselves were held in the Circus Maximus, the
spectators were adorned with chaplets, and each citizen gave a
contribution towards defraying the expenses. The Roman matrons
performed supplications, the people took their meals in the propatulum
with open doors, and the whole day Â— for the festival lasted only one
day Â— was filled up with ceremonies and various other rites. At this
first celebration of the ludi Apollinares no decree was made
respecting the annual repetition suggested by the oracle, so that in
the first year they were simply ludi votivi or indictivi. The year
after (211 BC) the senate, on the proposal of the praetor Calpurnius,
decreed that they should be repeated, and that in future they should
be vowed afresh every year. The day on which they were held varied
every year according to circumstances. A few years later, however (208
BC), when Rome and its vicinity were visited by a plague, the praetor
urbanus, P. Licinius Varus, brought a bill before the people to ordain
that the Apollinarian games should in future always be vowed and held
on a certain day (dies status), on the 6th of July, which day
henceforward remained a dies sollemnis. The games thus became votivi
et stativi, and continued to be conducted by the praetor urbanus.

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85039	From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar	Date: 2011-07-10
Subject: Ludi Apollinares

Cn. Iulius Caesar Praetor sal.

On behalf of myself and M. Cornelius Gualterus Graecus Praetor I declare the opening of the Ludi Apollinares. These are celebrated in Nova Roma between the 9th to the 13th of July.

This year they will include citizens and non-citizens alike. Details will be posted tomorrow.

For those unaware of the history of these games, the link below provides and overview.

http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Ludi_Apollinares

I encourage as many of you as can to take part in the events, especially our new and almost new citizens ;)

Optime valete

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85040	From: Timothy or Stephen Gallagher	Date: 2011-07-10
Subject: FW: [Explorator] explorator 14.12

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85041	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-10
Subject: a.d. VII Id. Quinct.

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem VII Idus Quinctilis; hic dies nefastus est.

"Idem poeta tam scientia profundus quam amoenus ingenio nonnulla de
veteribus verbis quae ad proprietatem sacrorum noverat pertinere ita
interpretatus est ut mutato verbi sono integer tellectus maneret. Nam
primo pontificii iuris libro apud Pictorem verbum hoc positum est,
vitulari, de cuius verbi significatu Titius ita retulit: Vitulari est
voce laetari. Varro etiam in libro quinto decimo Rerum divinarum ita
refert, quod pontifex in sacris quibusdam vitulari soleat, quod Graeci
"paiazein" vocant. Has tot interpretationes ambages quam paucis verbis
docta elegantia Maronis expressit:

Â— Laetumque choro paeana canentes!

Nam si vitulari est voce laetari, quod est "paiazein", nonne in cantu
laeti "paianos" enarratio verbi perfecta servata est? Et, ut huic
vocabulo diutius immoremur, Hyllus libro quem de dis conposuit ait
Vitulam vocari deam quae laetitiae praeest. Piso ait vitulam victoriam
nominari. Cuius rei hoc argumentum profert, quod postridie Nonas
Iulias re bene gesta, cum pridie populus a Tuscis in fugam versus sit
(unde Populifugia vocantur) post victoriam certis sacrificiis fiat
vitulatio. Quidam nomen eius animadversum putant, quod potens sit
vitae tolerandae: ideo huic deae pro frugibus fieri sacra dicuntur,
quia frugibus vita humana toleratur. Unde hoc esse animadvertimus?
quod ait Virgilius:

'Cum faciam vitulam pro frugibus, ipse venito'

ut vitulam dixerit pro vitulatione, quod nomen esse sacrificii ob
laetitiam facti superius expressimus? Meminerimus tamen sic legendum
per ablativum:

'Cum faciam vitula pro frugibus'

id est: cum faciam rem divinam non ove, non capra, sed vitula, tamquam
dicat: cum vitulam pro frugibus sacrificavero, quod est: cum vitula
rem divinam fecero. Pontificem Aeneam vel ex nomine referendorum
laborum eius ostendit. Pontificibus enim permissa est potestas
memoriam rerum gestarum in tabulas conferendi, et hos annales
appellant equidem maximos, quasi a pontificibus maximis factos. Unde
ex persona Aeneae ait:

'Et vacet annales tantorum audire laborum.' " - Macrobius, Saturnalia
II.10-17

This day and the previous, are called the Vitulatio, or Days of Joy,
and is a day of celebration honoring Vitula, the personified goddess
of joy and victory. No doubt this day commemorates the almost
miraculous survival of the people through the preceeding series of
calamities, the Gallic invasion, the destruction of the city, and the
oppurtunistic attack by their neighbors. Chanting and singing for joy
were the theme of the day. Sacrifices were offered to Iuppiter and
games were held.

"After Hadrian's death there was erected to him a huge equestrian
statue representing him with a four-horse chariot. It was so large
that the bulkiest man could walk through the eye of each horse, yet
because of the extreme height of the foundation persons passing along
on the ground below believe that the horses themselves as well as
Hadrian are very small." - Dio Cassius, "Hadrian"

On this day in AD 138, the emperor Hadrian died.

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85042	From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar	Date: 2011-07-10
Subject: Ludi Apollinares

Cn. Iulius Caesar Praetor sal.

The Ludi Apollinares will commence with the first twenty of a series of questions. The opening twenty questions relate almost exclusively to the Ludi and to Apollo. The questions that will follow will be based directly or indirectly on the answers to, or questions of, the first twenty.

DO NOT POST YOUR ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS IN REPLY TO THIS POST. Send them to:

gn_iulius_caesar AT yahoo.com

on a separate email, signed with your Roman name if a citizen of Nova Roma, or the name you are known in our Forum Hospitum if not a citizen.

My decision on what constitutes a correct answer is final. Depending on the number of participants and or time available, I may post intermediate scores, or wait until the conclusion of the Ludi to announce the top three.

Optime valete

--------------

QUESTIONS 1 to 20

1. Who was responsible for building the aedes Iovis Optimi Maximi Capitolini?

2.What was it about the location of the first temple to Apollo in Rome that set it apart?

3. Where in Rome was the first location of that temple to Apollo?

4. What was the first actual temple to Apollo founded on the site of?

5. As a result of what battle did Augustus expand the temple to Apollo?

6. What connected that battle to Apollo?

7. Where in Rome did Augustus found a new temple to Apollo?

8. Where were the games that were held two years before and two years after the Olympic games celebrated?

9. Who did Apollo slay in front of the oracle of Gaia?

10. By what name reflecting his radiance did some Latin writers refer to Apollo?

11. In respect of his role as healer, by what name did the Romans refer to Apollo?

12. What was the name of the seer that the Romans were reputed to have consulted that led to the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares?

13. In the Breviarium rerum gestarum populi Romani, what was the denomination and amount of the coins that the praetor received for the Ludi Apollinares that were to be expended on solemnities and sacrifices?

14. In what year did the Ludi Apollinares become an annual event?

15. According to Titus Livius what was the name of the praetor who suggested the Ludi Apollinares should become an annual event?

16. What was the common factor between the horns of the bull, goats and heifer that were sacrificed?

17. Supposedly after the proposal of Varus, what fixed date were the Ludi Apollinares set to?

18. How many men performed the original sacrifices at the Ludi Apollinares and according to what rite were they performed?

19. As the first Ludi Apollinares were not originally designated as annual, by what latin terms were this type of once only ludi known?

20. Where were the Ludi Apollinares conducted?

-----------

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85043	From: Steven "Venator" Robinson	Date: 2011-07-11
Subject: Re: Congratulatio Pontifici Maximo C. Petronio Dextero!

Salve et salvete;

Late to the table, but congratulations to our new Pontifax Maximus.

Here's looking forward to new growth for the Religio.

Vale et Valete - Venator

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85044	From: Steven "Venator" Robinson	Date: 2011-07-11
Subject: Almost there...

Salvete et Salvete Omnes;

Unplanned break, but finally one not related to illness.

Good to see some positive things have been happening.

More as I get up to speed.

Vale et Valete - Venator

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85045	From: Steven "Venator" Robinson	Date: 2011-07-14
Subject: 14 July 1789 - le quatorze juillet

Salve et Salvete;

We Americans are sometimes very insular, but I was reminded by a post
elsewhere...

To our French Cives and those who are Francophiles, today is Bastille
Day, La Fete Nationale.

A day when the people of Paris stormed that infamous prison and began
the process to found the First Republic.

Vive liberte!

Venator

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85046	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-14
Subject: prid. Id. Quinct.

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodierniu dies est pridie Idus Quinctilis; haec dies comitialis est.

"France cannot be France without greatness." - Charles de Gaulle

Gaul (from the Latin Gallia) was the ancient name for an area roughly
equivalent to modern France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany west of
the Rhine. In Italy, the Po Valley was called Gallia Cisalpina ("Gaul
this side of the Alps") by the Romans. The Celts, whom the Romans
called Galli (Gauls), began to cross the Rhine into Gaul c.900 BC and
by the 5th century BC had established a fairly uniform culture
typified by the art of La Tene. Along the Mediterranean coast Greek
civilization was introduced with the founding of Massilia (now
Marseille) c.600 BC.

To protect its ally Massilia and ensure communications with Spain,
Rome annexed a strip of territory between the Cevennes and the Alps
in 121 BC. Roughly equivalent to the modern Provence, this became
known first as Gallia Transalpina ("Gaul across the Alps") and later
as Gallia Narbonensis ("Narbonese Gaul"). Julius Caesar conquered the
rest of Gaul, called Comata ("Long-haired Gaul"), during his Gallic
Wars (58-51 BC). Three new Roman provinces eventually emerged:
Belgica, Lugdunensis, and Aquitania.

Emperor Claudius I, who was born at Lugdunum (now Lyon), admitted
Gallic nobles to the Roman Senate in AD 48. He also ordered the
suppression of the druids, the Celtic priests. Native deities were
amalgamated with Roman counterparts, and emperor worship was
encouraged. By the 4th century AD, however, Christianity predominated
and weakened Celtic culture further by using Latin in worship.

In the 1st and 2d centuries AD, Gaul flourished through the export of
food, wine, and pottery. In the 3d century it suffered devastating
barbarian raids, however, and the Roman emperors' ineffective defense
led to the creation c.260 of a short-lived kingdom of the Gauls.
Beginning in 406 various Germanic tribes, especially Vandals, ravaged
Gaul. The Visigoths (see Goths), nominally Roman allies, settled in
Aquitaine, where they cooperated with the Roman general Flavius
Aetius in the defeat (451) of the Huns. By 478 the Visigoths had also
acquired Narbonensis. Meanwhile, the Franks took over northern Gaul,
and the Alamani and Burgundians settled in the east. The last Roman
territory in Gaul fell to Clovis, king of the Franks, in 486.

"France is the only place where you can make love in the afternoon
without people hammering on your door." - Barbara Cartland, American
romance novelist

"Europeans, like some Americans, drive on the right side of the road,
except in England, where they drive on both sides of the road; Italy,
where they drive on the sidewalk; and France, where if necessary they
will follow you right into the hotel lobby." - Dave Barry, American
humorist

Today is the celebration of the fall of the royal French prison, The
Bastille, to a Paris mob in AD 1789. In the wake of the 11 July
dismissal of the royal finance minister Jacques Necker, the people of
Paris, fearful that they and their representatives would be attacked
by the royal military, and seeking to gain arms for the general
populace, stormed the Bastille, a prison which had often held people
arbitrarily jailed on the basis of lettre de cachet. Besides holding
a large cache of arms, the Bastille had long been known for holding
political prisoners whose writings had displeased the royal
government, and was thus a symbol of the absolutism of the monarch.
Once they had stormed the vast forbidding prison, they found seven
prisoners, one of whom was Donatien Alphonse-Francois, Comte de Sade.

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85047	From: Q Caecilius Metellus	Date: 2011-07-15
Subject: de Senatus Renuntiationibus

Q Caecilius Metellus Tribunis Plebis Consulibusque apud Quirites sal.

Saluete,

It is my understanding that a session of the Senate was concluded in
May, as well as in June; to date, however, I do not see that the results
of either session have been published to the People. I suspect that I
may not be the only citizen curious to know the decisions of the
Senate; if those results could be speedily published, I imagine that I
will equally not be the only one thankful for as much.

Di Romanos ament.

--
A diplomat's life consists of three things: protocol, Geritol, and
alcohol. -- Adlai Stevenson

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85048	From: A. Tullia Scholastica	Date: 2011-07-15
Subject: Allons!

A. Tullia Scholastica quiritibus bonae voluntatis, praesertim Gallis, S.P.D.

[Re-sent, as Yahoo did not deliver the original...]

Etsi serius...hic quidem, cÂ¹est vraiment le jour de gloire, le jour de
la prise de la Bastille! Allons, enfants de la Patrie, le jour de gloire
est arrivÃ©! Bonum faustum felicem diem vobis exopto!

Valete!

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85049	From: A. Tullia Scholastica	Date: 2011-07-15
Subject: Re: de Senatus Renuntiationibus

>
> A. Tullia Scholastica Q. Caecilio Metello quiritibus bonae voluntatis S.P.D.
>
> LetÂ¹s see if this gets delivered...Yahoo has been having issues, but said
> that they had been resolved.
>
>
>
> Q Caecilius Metellus Tribunis Plebis Consulibusque apud Quirites sal.
>
> Saluete,
>
> It is my understanding that a session of the Senate was concluded in
> May, as well as in June; to date, however, I do not see that the results
> of either session have been published to the People.
>
> ATS: The June session did not have any agenda; we merely discussed
> matters of interest. There was no vote. For some reason, nothing was
> reported about the May session.
>
> How are you doing with the installation of the voting program? It cost
> enough that one would hope that it works. As you know, we are missing several
> officers, partly due to resignations, partly due to non-payment of taxes,
> partly due to other factors, and it would be nice to elect replacements.
>
>
> I suspect that I
> may not be the only citizen curious to know the decisions of the
> Senate; if those results could be speedily published, I imagine that I
> will equally not be the only one thankful for as much.
>
> ATS: Well, I think you know whom to ask about these matters. In any
> case, there was nothing official done during the June meeting except to
> convene the Senate for a talk session.
>
> Di Romanos ament.
>
> Vale, et valete.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85050	From: Robert Woolwine	Date: 2011-07-15
Subject: Re: de Senatus Renuntiationibus

Ave,

Correction...Officers do not get voted on...They are governed under
different rules - lex popilia

Magistrates do...and we had one resignation - Alby and one for non tax
payment - the Quaestor (I dont recall her name).

Vale,

Sulla

On Fri, Jul 15, 2011 at 12:51 PM, A. Tullia Scholastica <
fororom@...> wrote:

> **
>
>
> >
> > A. Tullia Scholastica Q. Caecilio Metello quiritibus bonae voluntatis
> S.P.D.
> >
> > Letï¿½s see if this gets delivered...Yahoo has been having issues, but said
> > that they had been resolved.
>
> >
> >
> >
> > Q Caecilius Metellus Tribunis Plebis Consulibusque apud Quirites sal.
> >
> > Saluete,
> >
> > It is my understanding that a session of the Senate was concluded in
> > May, as well as in June; to date, however, I do not see that the results
> > of either session have been published to the People.
> >
> > ATS: The June session did not have any agenda; we merely discussed
> > matters of interest. There was no vote. For some reason, nothing was
> > reported about the May session.
> >
> > How are you doing with the installation of the voting program? It cost
> > enough that one would hope that it works. As you know, we are missing
> several
> > officers, partly due to resignations, partly due to non-payment of taxes,
> > partly due to other factors, and it would be nice to elect replacements.
>
> >
> >
> > I suspect that I
> > may not be the only citizen curious to know the decisions of the
> > Senate; if those results could be speedily published, I imagine that I
> > will equally not be the only one thankful for as much.
> >
> > ATS: Well, I think you know whom to ask about these matters. In any
> > case, there was nothing official done during the June meeting except to
> > convene the Senate for a talk session.
> >
> > Di Romanos ament.
> >
> > Vale, et valete.
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85051	From: A. Tullia Scholastica	Date: 2011-07-18
Subject: Allons!

A. Tullia Scholastica quiritibus bonae voluntatis, praesertim Gallis, S.P.D.

Etsi serius...hic quidem, cÂ¹est vraiment le jour de gloire, le jour de
la prise de la Bastille! Allons, enfants de la Patrie, le jour de gloire
est arrivÃ©! Bonum faustum felicem diem vobis exopto!

Valete!

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85052	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Ludi Apollinares?

Salvete omnes!

So, by my calendar, the Ludi Apollinares should have ended. Was there a
closing ceremony? Have winners been announced? Does anyone know?

Gratias maximas from an enthusiastic participant!
~ Gaius Tullius Valerianus

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85053	From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Caesar Valeriano sal.

Seeing as only two citizens entered, my intention is to spread the competition over the remainder of the year. Maybe more might take part, though somehow I am dubious as to whether that will occur. The Ludi may have formally ended, but there is precedent in NR for competitions spilling over after the end date.

There was no closing ceremony as there was no opening ceremony.

Optime vale

--- On Tue, 7/19/11, Gaius Tullius Valerianus gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:

> From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus <gaius.tullius.valerianus@...>
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] Ludi Apollinares?
> To: "nova-roma" <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>, "Nova_roma_" <Nova_roma_@yahoogroups.com>
> Date: Tuesday, July 19, 2011, 2:29 AM
> Salvete omnes!
>
> So, by my calendar, the Ludi Apollinares should have ended.
> Was there a
> closing ceremony? Have winners been announced? Does anyone
> know?
>
> Gratias maximas from an enthusiastic participant!
> ~ Gaius Tullius Valerianus
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
> Â Â Nova-Roma-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com
>
>
>

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85054	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Valerianus Caesari sal.

Gratias maximas, Caesar! I am very glad for the update - I just finished
moving across the United States, and I was beginning to think I had missed
something! I am very disappointed to hear about the low level of
participation, though.I am sure that Apollo will be glad to see his honors
extended!

Vale!

On Tue, Jul 19, 2011 at 9:42 AM, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar <
gn_iulius_caesar@...> wrote:

> **
>
>
> Caesar Valeriano sal.
>
> Seeing as only two citizens entered, my intention is to spread the
> competition over the remainder of the year. Maybe more might take part,
> though somehow I am dubious as to whether that will occur. The Ludi may have
> formally ended, but there is precedent in NR for competitions spilling over
> after the end date.
>
> There was no closing ceremony as there was no opening ceremony.
>
> Optime vale
>
> --- On Tue, 7/19/11, Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:
>
> > From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus <gaius.tullius.valerianus@...>
> > Subject: [Nova-Roma] Ludi Apollinares?
> > To: "nova-roma" <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>, "Nova_roma_" <
> Nova_roma_@yahoogroups.com>
> > Date: Tuesday, July 19, 2011, 2:29 AM
>
> > Salvete omnes!
> >
> > So, by my calendar, the Ludi Apollinares should have ended.
> > Was there a
> > closing ceremony? Have winners been announced? Does anyone
> > know?
> >
> > Gratias maximas from an enthusiastic participant!
> > ~ Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------------
> >
> > Yahoo! Groups Links
> >
> >
> > Nova-Roma-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85055	From: Cn. Iulius Caesar	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Caesar Valeriano sal.

The games, all the games, as an event need, along with a lot of things in NR, some attenetion paid to what format they take, who performs what in relation to opening and closing ceremonies etc. For the moment we are in a holding pattern, but certainly to my mind the Senate should consider adding the question of the games and thier nature to the list of things to discuss.

Optime vale

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gaius Tullius Valerianus <gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:
>
> Valerianus Caesari sal.
>
> Gratias maximas, Caesar! I am very glad for the update - I just finished
> moving across the United States, and I was beginning to think I had missed
> something! I am very disappointed to hear about the low level of
> participation, though.I am sure that Apollo will be glad to see his honors
> extended!
>
> Vale!
>
> On Tue, Jul 19, 2011 at 9:42 AM, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar <
> gn_iulius_caesar@...> wrote:
>
> > **
> >
> >
> > Caesar Valeriano sal.
> >
> > Seeing as only two citizens entered, my intention is to spread the
> > competition over the remainder of the year. Maybe more might take part,
> > though somehow I am dubious as to whether that will occur. The Ludi may have
> > formally ended, but there is precedent in NR for competitions spilling over
> > after the end date.
> >
> > There was no closing ceremony as there was no opening ceremony.
> >
> > Optime vale
> >
> > --- On Tue, 7/19/11, Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> > gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:
> >
> > > From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus <gaius.tullius.valerianus@...>
> > > Subject: [Nova-Roma] Ludi Apollinares?
> > > To: "nova-roma" <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>, "Nova_roma_" <
> > Nova_roma_@yahoogroups.com>
> > > Date: Tuesday, July 19, 2011, 2:29 AM
> >
> > > Salvete omnes!
> > >
> > > So, by my calendar, the Ludi Apollinares should have ended.
> > > Was there a
> > > closing ceremony? Have winners been announced? Does anyone
> > > know?
> > >
> > > Gratias maximas from an enthusiastic participant!
> > > ~ Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> > >
> > >
> > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > ------------------------------------
> > >
> > > Yahoo! Groups Links
> > >
> > >
> > > Nova-Roma-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85056	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Stoicism

Salvete omnes!

I have recently re-committed myself to a blog exploring Stoic
philosophy (it's called *Florilegium Sapientiae*, or "Anthology of Wisdom,"
at http://derebusvitaque.blogspot.com/ if you're interested). Stoicism was
one of the great philosophical schools of the later Roman Republic and early
Empire (it started in Greece, but became fairly important at Rome). Stoicism
was extremely influential on the thought of Marcus Tullius Cicero, and was
the philosophy of Macus Porcius Cato, also known as Cato of Utica, who
committed suicide at Utica rather than be pardoned by Gaius Iulius Caesar
and be forced to live only because Caesar had spared him - an act that has
led to Cato being called "the last of the Romans." Certainly, some felt, he
was the last of the free Romans of the Republic. It was the philosophy of
Lucius Annaeus Seneca, and the emperor Marcus Aurelius, perhaps the last
truly great emperor of Rome.

For those interested in Stoicism, especially Roman Stoicism, I would
recommend three sources. The first is Seneca - his moral essays and letters
are the best Latin source on the philosophy. I am currently reviewing the
ideas of Seneca on my blog. The second is Epictetus, a slave who became a
philosopher at Rome. His writings (and the writings of those who later
compiled his ideas) are in Greek, but they are those of someone who lived at
Rome. The third source is the writings of the emperor Marcus Aurelius - also
in Greek rather than Latin. Aurelius' writings were his own private notes to
himself, mostly jotted down whilst on military campaign in Germania. Most
scholars think they were never intended for publication, yet they have
survived down to the present and offer a fascinating look into the mind of
the philosopher-emperor.

Stoicism had three major components - Physics, Logic, and Ethics. My
major focus is on ethical Stoicism (as I feel that Stoic physics have
largely been superseded by modern science, and that Logic is a discipline
separate from Stoicism in particular). The focus on Stoic ethics was fairly
common in Roma Antiqua as well, from what I can tell. Stoicism is a fairly
complex philosophy, but at its most basic, I would say, it is about
recognition of what is and is not in your control, and learning to focus on
the things you can affect. It is about learning to discipline your powers of
judgment. For more details, the wikipedia article is a good start here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicism and there is a (sadly less useful)
article on the Nova Roma website here: http://novaroma.org/nr/Stoicism. It's
a good place to start!

I would encourage any Romans with an interest in Roman philosophy to
investigate Stoicism, and would welcome any readership or feedback on my
blog at http://derebusvitaque.blogspot.com/ . . . *gratias maximas!*

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85057	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Valerianus Caesari sal.

Yes. I have already been thinking that it ought to be on the agenda for
whoever the consuls end up being next year.

Vale!

On Tue, Jul 19, 2011 at 10:52 AM, Cn. Iulius Caesar <
gn_iulius_caesar@...> wrote:

> **
>
>
> Caesar Valeriano sal.
>
> The games, all the games, as an event need, along with a lot of things in
> NR, some attenetion paid to what format they take, who performs what in
> relation to opening and closing ceremonies etc. For the moment we are in a
> holding pattern, but certainly to my mind the Senate should consider adding
> the question of the games and thier nature to the list of things to discuss.
>
> Optime vale
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> <gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:
> >
> > Valerianus Caesari sal.
> >
> > Gratias maximas, Caesar! I am very glad for the update - I just finished
> > moving across the United States, and I was beginning to think I had
> missed
> > something! I am very disappointed to hear about the low level of
> > participation, though.I am sure that Apollo will be glad to see his
> honors
> > extended!
> >
> > Vale!
> >
> > On Tue, Jul 19, 2011 at 9:42 AM, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar <
> > gn_iulius_caesar@...> wrote:
> >
> > > **
> > >
> > >
> > > Caesar Valeriano sal.
> > >
> > > Seeing as only two citizens entered, my intention is to spread the
> > > competition over the remainder of the year. Maybe more might take part,
> > > though somehow I am dubious as to whether that will occur. The Ludi may
> have
> > > formally ended, but there is precedent in NR for competitions spilling
> over
> > > after the end date.
> > >
> > > There was no closing ceremony as there was no opening ceremony.
> > >
> > > Optime vale
> > >
> > > --- On Tue, 7/19/11, Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> > > gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:
> > >
> > > > From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus <gaius.tullius.valerianus@...>
>
> > > > Subject: [Nova-Roma] Ludi Apollinares?
> > > > To: "nova-roma" <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>, "Nova_roma_" <
> > > Nova_roma_@yahoogroups.com>
> > > > Date: Tuesday, July 19, 2011, 2:29 AM
> > >
> > > > Salvete omnes!
> > > >
> > > > So, by my calendar, the Ludi Apollinares should have ended.
> > > > Was there a
> > > > closing ceremony? Have winners been announced? Does anyone
> > > > know?
> > > >
> > > > Gratias maximas from an enthusiastic participant!
> > > > ~ Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > ------------------------------------
> > > >
> > > > Yahoo! Groups Links
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Nova-Roma-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85058	From: Belle Morte Statia	Date: 2011-07-19
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Sta. Cornelia Aeternia Cn. Iulio Caesari C. Tullio Valeriano S.P.D.

At first I was not going to respond to this but I feel oddly compelled to do
so..

The Senate should consider adding the question of the games and their nature
to the Senatorial Agenda in what way? As far as it's removal? Or having the
Senate decide to have jurisdiction of them entirely? Not to sound accusatory
at all Praetor but you gave a blanketed statement many things can be
presumed.

I would disagree to both if you were considering either of these options..

The Ludi played a vital role in Roma Antiqua and this is what NR is supposed
to be about no? To remove the Ludi which was a crucial cultural element in
Roma Antiqua, to have it stripped away from Nova Roma,one of the only
remaining things NR has culturally would be not be good. Nothing would be
left except the politics and that would be leave this place a cold place
indeed.. If nothing more the Senate should consider that all the Ludi be
handled by the Aediles, since it is within their purview and part of their
job descriptions to handle such things.

Just a few of my thoughts.

Vale Optime,
Statia Cornelia Aeternia

On Tue, Jul 19, 2011 at 10:52 AM, Cn. Iulius Caesar <
gn_iulius_caesar@...> wrote:

> **
>
>
> Caesar Valeriano sal.
>
> The games, all the games, as an event need, along with a lot of things in
> NR, some attenetion paid to what format they take, who performs what in
> relation to opening and closing ceremonies etc. For the moment we are in a
> holding pattern, but certainly to my mind the Senate should consider adding
> the question of the games and thier nature to the list of things to discuss.
>
> Optime vale
>
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> <gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:
> >
> > Valerianus Caesari sal.
> >
> > Gratias maximas, Caesar! I am very glad for the update - I just finished
> > moving across the United States, and I was beginning to think I had
> missed
> > something! I am very disappointed to hear about the low level of
> > participation, though.I am sure that Apollo will be glad to see his
> honors
> > extended!
> >
> > Vale!
> >
> > On Tue, Jul 19, 2011 at 9:42 AM, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar <
> > gn_iulius_caesar@...> wrote:
> >
> > > **
> > >
> > >
> > > Caesar Valeriano sal.
> > >
> > > Seeing as only two citizens entered, my intention is to spread the
> > > competition over the remainder of the year. Maybe more might take part,
> > > though somehow I am dubious as to whether that will occur. The Ludi may
> have
> > > formally ended, but there is precedent in NR for competitions spilling
> over
> > > after the end date.
> > >
> > > There was no closing ceremony as there was no opening ceremony.
> > >
> > > Optime vale
> > >
> > > --- On Tue, 7/19/11, Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> > > gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:
> > >
> > > > From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus <gaius.tullius.valerianus@...>
>
> > > > Subject: [Nova-Roma] Ludi Apollinares?
> > > > To: "nova-roma" <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>, "Nova_roma_" <
> > > Nova_roma_@yahoogroups.com>
> > > > Date: Tuesday, July 19, 2011, 2:29 AM
> > >
> > > > Salvete omnes!
> > > >
> > > > So, by my calendar, the Ludi Apollinares should have ended.
> > > > Was there a
> > > > closing ceremony? Have winners been announced? Does anyone
> > > > know?
> > > >
> > > > Gratias maximas from an enthusiastic participant!
> > > > ~ Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > ------------------------------------
> > > >
> > > > Yahoo! Groups Links
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Nova-Roma-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85059	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

C. Tullius Valerianus Sta. Corneliae Aeterniae et Cn. Iulio Caesari S.P.D.

Well, I can't speak for the praetor, of course, but when I said that I
thought the issue needed to be considered by the next consuls, what *I *meant
was that I feel there needs to be some definition and clarification
regarding the Ludi. Perhaps an official manual explaining how the games are
to be arranged, including appropriate opening and closing ceremonies,
instructions for how to run the various events, etc. The Ludi are part of
both the cultural and religious heritage of Rome. It would be impious I
think - possibly criminally so, under our laws - to abandon them. But they
clearly need some work, if they are no longer bringing us all together as
Romans and attracting participation. They are supposed to be *fun, *and if
the people who put on the games (the aediles and praetores) are not having
fun, neither will the people.

I would disagree with you, Aeternia, that *all *the games should be in
the hands of the aediles. The Ludi Apollinares have been the purview of the
praetores (well, at least the praetor urbanus) since Roma Antiqua. That
ought not to change, I should think, as it is part of the sacred duty and
privilege of the praetor urbanus.

Valete optime!

On Tue, Jul 19, 2011 at 4:00 PM, Belle Morte Statia <syrenslullaby@...

> wrote:

> Sta. Cornelia Aeternia Cn. Iulio Caesari C. Tullio Valeriano S.P.D.
>
> At first I was not going to respond to this but I feel oddly compelled to
> do
> so..
>
> The Senate should consider adding the question of the games and their
> nature
> to the Senatorial Agenda in what way? As far as it's removal? Or having
> the
> Senate decide to have jurisdiction of them entirely? Not to sound
> accusatory
> at all Praetor but you gave a blanketed statement many things can be
> presumed.
>
> I would disagree to both if you were considering either of these options..
>
> The Ludi played a vital role in Roma Antiqua and this is what NR is
> supposed
> to be about no? To remove the Ludi which was a crucial cultural element in
> Roma Antiqua, to have it stripped away from Nova Roma,one of the only
> remaining things NR has culturally would be not be good. Nothing would be
> left except the politics and that would be leave this place a cold place
> indeed.. If nothing more the Senate should consider that all the Ludi be
> handled by the Aediles, since it is within their purview and part of their
> job descriptions to handle such things.
>
> Just a few of my thoughts.
>
> Vale Optime,
> Statia Cornelia Aeternia
>
>
>
> On Tue, Jul 19, 2011 at 10:52 AM, Cn. Iulius Caesar <
> gn_iulius_caesar@...> wrote:
>
> > **
> >
> >
> > Caesar Valeriano sal.
> >
> > The games, all the games, as an event need, along with a lot of things in
> > NR, some attenetion paid to what format they take, who performs what in
> > relation to opening and closing ceremonies etc. For the moment we are in
> a
> > holding pattern, but certainly to my mind the Senate should consider
> adding
> > the question of the games and thier nature to the list of things to
> discuss.
> >
> > Optime vale
> >
> >
> > --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> > <gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:
> > >
> > > Valerianus Caesari sal.
> > >
> > > Gratias maximas, Caesar! I am very glad for the update - I just
> finished
> > > moving across the United States, and I was beginning to think I had
> > missed
> > > something! I am very disappointed to hear about the low level of
> > > participation, though.I am sure that Apollo will be glad to see his
> > honors
> > > extended!
> > >
> > > Vale!
> > >
> > > On Tue, Jul 19, 2011 at 9:42 AM, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar <
> > > gn_iulius_caesar@...> wrote:
> > >
> > > > **
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Caesar Valeriano sal.
> > > >
> > > > Seeing as only two citizens entered, my intention is to spread the
> > > > competition over the remainder of the year. Maybe more might take
> part,
> > > > though somehow I am dubious as to whether that will occur. The Ludi
> may
> > have
> > > > formally ended, but there is precedent in NR for competitions
> spilling
> > over
> > > > after the end date.
> > > >
> > > > There was no closing ceremony as there was no opening ceremony.
> > > >
> > > > Optime vale
> > > >
> > > > --- On Tue, 7/19/11, Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> > > > gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > > From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus <gaius.tullius.valerianus@...>
> >
> > > > > Subject: [Nova-Roma] Ludi Apollinares?
> > > > > To: "nova-roma" <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>, "Nova_roma_" <
> > > > Nova_roma_@yahoogroups.com>
> > > > > Date: Tuesday, July 19, 2011, 2:29 AM
> > > >
> > > > > Salvete omnes!
> > > > >
> > > > > So, by my calendar, the Ludi Apollinares should have ended.
> > > > > Was there a
> > > > > closing ceremony? Have winners been announced? Does anyone
> > > > > know?
> > > > >
> > > > > Gratias maximas from an enthusiastic participant!
> > > > > ~ Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > ------------------------------------
> > > > >
> > > > > Yahoo! Groups Links
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > Nova-Roma-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85060	From: Belle Morte Statia	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Sta. Cornelia Aeternia C. Tullio Valeriano Cn. Iulio Caesari S.P.D.

Interesting you mention this for I did bring up the the notion of an
"Aedilician Manual" within the Cohors on the Aedilician Cohors which have a
very detailed chapter/section on the Ludi. Basically giving "How To Do a
Ludi 101" based upon my own experiences so far with such things. I agree
with you however that to remove the Ludi entirely would be rather impious,
the statement made by the Praetor was rather blanketed and slightly vague.
I know Caesar to be one of the very few to uphold our laws so rigidly and
steadfast that he would not suggest complete removal of the Ludi. I'm
hoping the Praetor will hopefully be inclined to give some form of
clarification about that particular statement and not chase me with a
pitchfork in the process (jesting Caesar only jesting).

Also I agree with you about the holders of the Ludi, it's definitely better
when the Aediles and Praetors are themselves having fun doing it. And it is
also obvious when they are enjoying it for it shows in the Events that are
planned.

Your latter statement however Amice, I respectfully disagree with you..I
think given that how many Ludi the Aediles (Both Curule & Plebian) hold
throughout the year versus the one Ludi the Praetors have to put on, the
Aediles have just a few more notches under the belt. Although I do
understand where you are coming from Valeriane, you are looking at it from
more traditional daresay even more religious perspective and I'm looking at
it from the more pragmatic/experience perspective.

Basically same spectrum different polarities :)

Vale Optime,
Statia Cornelia Aeternia

On Tue, Jul 19, 2011 at 9:08 PM, Gaius Tullius Valerianus <
gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:

> **
>
>
> C. Tullius Valerianus Sta. Corneliae Aeterniae et Cn. Iulio Caesari S.P.D.
>
> Well, I can't speak for the praetor, of course, but when I said that I
> thought the issue needed to be considered by the next consuls, what *I
> *meant
> was that I feel there needs to be some definition and clarification
> regarding the Ludi. Perhaps an official manual explaining how the games are
> to be arranged, including appropriate opening and closing ceremonies,
> instructions for how to run the various events, etc. The Ludi are part of
> both the cultural and religious heritage of Rome. It would be impious I
> think - possibly criminally so, under our laws - to abandon them. But they
> clearly need some work, if they are no longer bringing us all together as
> Romans and attracting participation. They are supposed to be *fun, *and if
> the people who put on the games (the aediles and praetores) are not having
> fun, neither will the people.
>
> I would disagree with you, Aeternia, that *all *the games should be in
> the hands of the aediles. The Ludi Apollinares have been the purview of the
> praetores (well, at least the praetor urbanus) since Roma Antiqua. That
> ought not to change, I should think, as it is part of the sacred duty and
> privilege of the praetor urbanus.
>
> Valete optime!
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85061	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

C. Tullius Valerianus Sta. Corneliae Aeterniae S.P.D.

Your latter statement however Amice, I respectfully disagree with you..I

> think given that how many Ludi the Aediles (Both Curule & Plebian) hold
> throughout the year versus the one Ludi the Praetors have to put on, the
> Aediles have just a few more notches under the belt. Although I do
> understand where you are coming from Valeriane, you are looking at it from
> more traditional daresay even more religious perspective and I'm looking at
> it from the more pragmatic/experience perspective.
>
> Basically same spectrum different polarities :)
>

No offense taken amica! We can agree to disagree on this for now. But you're
right, I am defending a traditionalist and yes, I dare say, *religious
*perspective
on the Ludi. But it's a tempest in a teacup. No one has suggested abandoning
our honors for Apollo, nor has anyone openly suggested that it is not the
honor, privilege, and duty of the praetor to honor Apollo with his Ludi. I
just think the whole matter of actually *conducting *the Ludi could use some
clarification for the future. Please note that this is not a criticism of
any of our current or past aediles or praetores, but rather an observation
that many magistrates who have been tasked with such duties seem to think it
needs some clarification. That seems a relatively easy fix, and then we move
on - no need to reinvent the wheel, I think.

Vale, amica bona!

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85062	From: Belle Morte Statia	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Sta. Cornelia Aeternia C. Tullio Valeriano S.P.D.

see my commentary below deck...

On Tue, Jul 19, 2011 at 11:54 PM, Gaius Tullius Valerianus <
gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:

> **
>
>
> C. Tullius Valerianus Sta. Corneliae Aeterniae S.P.D.
>
>
> Your latter statement however Amice, I respectfully disagree with you..I
> > think given that how many Ludi the Aediles (Both Curule & Plebian) hold
> > throughout the year versus the one Ludi the Praetors have to put on, the
> > Aediles have just a few more notches under the belt. Although I do
> > understand where you are coming from Valeriane, you are looking at it
> from
> > more traditional daresay even more religious perspective and I'm looking
> at
> > it from the more pragmatic/experience perspective.
> >
> > Basically same spectrum different polarities :)
> >
>
> No offense taken amica! We can agree to disagree on this for now. But
> you're
> right, I am defending a traditionalist and yes, I dare say, *religious
> *perspective
> on the Ludi. But it's a tempest in a teacup. No one has suggested
> abandoning
> our honors for Apollo, nor has anyone openly suggested that it is not the
> honor, privilege, and duty of the praetor to honor Apollo with his Ludi. I
> just think the whole matter of actually *conducting *the Ludi could use
> some
> clarification for the future. Please note that this is not a criticism of
> any of our current or past aediles or praetores, but rather an observation
> that many magistrates who have been tasked with such duties seem to think
> it
> needs some clarification. That seems a relatively easy fix, and then we
> move
> on - no need to reinvent the wheel, I think.
>
>

Aeternia: Teacup in say whirlpool oh yes most definitely. Yes we are
definitely agreeing to disagree Amice. And I agree with you there should be
perhaps clarifications on how the Ludi are *conducted* but in a way where
the Presenter is still allowed to have some originality with it at the same
time. Maybe I'm being just too analytical on this, but with the earlier
statement by the Praetor, bringing this to the Senate for discussion, in my
mind means two things. a.) removal of the Ludi b.) proposing the Senate take
over, again I could just be overwhelmingly having a case of "overthinking"
(it happens to the best of us even moi). But I'm not trying to criticize
the present Praetors (they are both spiffy individuals) or past Aediles, but
expressing some concerns.

It's time for some M. Manson and sleep, Bonam Noctem Amice!

Vale Optime,
Aeternia

>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85063	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: THE LUCARIA

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

In the 5th and early 4th centuries BC, migratory Germanic tribes
pressured Gallic Celts living in the Danube regions to push South in
search of new territory. They were likely familiar with the Po River
Valley, in north central Italy, from trade arrangements with Etruscans
who were there. The Gauls crossed the Alps en masse capturing and
settling Etruscan territory by force. The Gallic tribes were united
only by blood and origin and each maintained their own kings or
warlords. Some of these tribes settled into cattle and cereal farming
along with peaceful cohabitation, but others maintained aggressive
policies towards their new neighbors.

One such tribe, the Senones, was under the command of a Brennus, who
led his Celts to the Etruscan city of Clusium about 100 miles north of
Rome. It is important to note that much of the ancient source
material, such as Livy, Polybius and Diodorus Siculus, is steeped in
legend or, especially on the part of Livy, biased though nationalism.
Whether Clusium was the target, or it simply stood in the path on the
way to the more powerful city of Rome, is unclear. It is clear,
however, that the Celts did approach and lay siege to Clusium and that
the Etruscans there likely set aside any differences and called to
Rome for help.

In response, according to the ancients, the Romans sent a delegation
of 3 envoys to treat with Brennus. Siculus claims that the 3 were
really spies sent to assess the strength of the Celts, but it is
apparent that whatever the reason for the meeting, it escalated into
violence. After exchanged insults, the Roman envoys were involved in a
skirmish with the Gauls, in which one Celtic chief tan was killed. The
commissioners returned to Rome without relief for Clusium and with an
angry Gallic army behind them. Brennus sent his own representatives to
Rome to demand the 3 men be turned over to him, but was predictably
refused. Later that year, 390 BC, the angered Gauls left Clusium
behind and headed for Rome to seek revenge.

The advancing Gauls invaded Roman territory and threatened the
security of Rome herself. Eleven miles to the north of Rome, an
outnumbered Roman army mustered under the command of A.Quintus
Sulpicius, met them on July 16, 390 BC, and suffered a crushing defeat
on the banks of the River Allia. As all appeared lost, some Roman
defenders retreated to the Capitoline Hill to endure a siege, while
civilians fled through the city gates to the city of Veii and the
surrounding countryside. The Gauls poured into Rome slaughtering
civilians while looting and burning everything in their path. In the
5th and early 4th centuries BC, migratory Germanic tribes pressured
Gallic Celts living in the Danube regions to push South in search of
new territory. They were likely familiar with the Po River Valley, in
north central Italy, from trade arrangements with Etruscans who were
there. The Gauls crossed the Alps en masse capturing and settling
Etruscan territory by force. The Gallic tribes were united only by
blood and origin and each maintained their own kings or warlords. Some
of these tribes settled into cattle and cereal farming along with
peaceful cohabitation, but others maintained aggressive policies
towards their new neighbors.

One such tribe, the Senones, was under the command of a Brennus, who
led his Celts to the Etruscan city of Clusium about 100 miles north of
Rome. It is important to note that much of the ancient source
material, such as Livy, Polybius and Diodorus Siculus, is steeped in
legend or, especially on the part of Livy, biased though nationalism.
Whether Clusium was the target, or it simply stood in the path on the
way to the more powerful city of Rome, is unclear. It is clear,
however, that the Celts did approach and lay siege to Clusium and that
the Etruscans there likely set aside any differences and called to
Rome for help.

In response, according to the ancients, the Romans sent a delegation
of 3 envoys to treat with Brennus. Siculus claims that the 3 were
really spies sent to assess the strength of the Celts, but it is
apparent that whatever the reason for the meeting, it escalated into
violence. After exchanged insults, the Roman envoys were involved in a
skirmish with the Gauls, in which one Celtic chief tan was killed. The
commissioners returned to Rome without relief for Clusium and with an
angry Gallic army behind them. Brennus sent his own representatives to
Rome to demand the 3 men be turned over to him, but was predictably
refused. Later that year, 390 BC, the angered Gauls left Clusium
behind and headed for Rome to seek revenge.

The advancing Gauls invaded Roman territory and threatened the
security of Rome herself. Eleven miles to the north of Rome, an
outnumbered Roman army mustered under the command of A.Quintus
Sulpicius, met them on July 16, 390 BC, and suffered a crushing defeat
on the banks of the River Allia. As all appeared lost, some Roman
defenders retreated to the Capitoline Hill to endure a siege, while
civilians fled through the city gates to the city of Veii and the
surrounding countryside. The Gauls poured into Rome slaughtering
civilians while looting and burning everything in their path. At some
point they apparently attempted an uphill attack on the heavily
fortified capital, but were repulsed and never able to dislodge the
occupants. Rome was left to the enemy, except for the small garrison
in the Capitol and for eighty of the senators, men too old to flee,
who devoted themselves to the gods to save the rest, and, arraying
themselves in their robesÂ—some as former consuls, some as priests,
some as generalsÂ—sat down with their ivory staves in their hands, in
their chairs of state in the Forum, to await the enemy. In burst the
Gauls, roaming all over the city till they came to the Forum, where
they stood amazed and awe-struck at the sight of the eighty grand old
men motionless in their chairs. At first they looked at the strange,
calm figures as if they were the gods of the place, until one Gaul, as
if desirous of knowing whether they were flesh and blood or not,
stroked the beard of the nearest. The senator, esteeming this an
insult, struck the man on the face with his staff, and this was the
sign for the slaughter of them all.

For seven months the Gauls remained and wreaked havoc around Rome.
Several assaults on the Capitol all failed, and one such night attempt
was even said to have been thwarted through the timely intervention of
the sacred Geese of the Temple of Juno. In any event, by this point,
the Roman garrison must've been getting dangerously low on supplies.
The Romans engaged with Brennus for terms that would ensure that the
Celts depart and Brennus apparently agreed to leave Rome for the price
of 1,000 lbs. of gold. There are theories that the Celts were paying
heavy tolls from disease, or that there own settlements to the north
were under attack by other Italian tribes. Whatever the reason,
Brennus accepted the terms and agreed to leave. The following passage
from Livy, regarding these terms, leaves us with one of the most
famous lines accredited to a barbarian chief in dealings with Rome:

"Quintus Sulpicius conferred with the Gallic chieftain Brennus and
together they agreed upon the price, one thousand pounds' weight of
gold. Insult was added to what was already sufficiently disgraceful,
for the weights which the Gauls brought for weighing the metal were
heavier than standard, and when the Roman commander objected the
insolent barbarian flung his sword into the scale, saying 'Vae Victis'
- 'Woe to the vanquished!"

With the departure of Brennus and his Gauls, many Romans wanted to
abandon their city and move to the nearby city of Veii, but reverence
for the gods and the divine will of Roma alleviated this concern. The
Romans obviously decided to stay, and quickly rebuilt the city. One
major improvement was the completion of the Servian Wall, supposedly
built by the Etruscan King Servius Tullus. As a further result of the
Gallic invasion, the Romans adopted new military weaponry, abandoning
the Greek Phalanx style spears in favor of the gladius and appropriate
armor. Through the resulting civil strife, the legion was reorganized,
placing the youngest and strongest soldiers in the front lines, as
opposed to the previous formation of order according to wealth.

The Gallic invasion left Rome weakened and also encouraged several
previously subdued Italian tribes to rebel. The Etruscans, Volsci,
Hernici, and Aequi were all among these numbers. One by one, over the
course of the next 50 years, these tribes were defeated and brought
back under Roman dominion. Meanwhile, the Celts would continue to
harass the region until 345 BC, when they entered into a formal treaty
with Rome. Like most others, this treaty would be short lived and the
Romans and Celts would maintain an adversarial relationship for the
next several centuries. The Celts would remain a threat in Italy until
the final defeat of Hannibal in the 2nd Punic War. The sack of Rome
would be long remembered by Romans, and would finally be avenged 3 and
a half centuries later with Caesar's conquest of Gaul.

After the defeat of the Roman army, the survivors hid in the woods
("lucus") and this day is called the Lucaria in commemoration of the
event. After the sack of Rome the remnants of the Roman army pulled
themselves together, and in a bold surprise attack, wiped out the
Gauls as they were heading out of Latium, exacting due vengeance it
was held, on July 19, in a wood, between the Tiber and the road called
Via Salaria.

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85064	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: a.d. XIII Kal. Sext.

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante XIII Kalendas Sextilis; hic dies nefastus publicus est.

"But gods and men alike prevented the Romans from living as a ransomed
people. By a dispensation of Fortune it came about that before the
infamous ransom was completed and all the gold weighed out, whilst the
dispute was still going on, the Dictator appeared on the scene and
ordered the gold to be carried away and the Gauls to move off. As they
declined to do so, and protested that a definite compact had been
made, he informed them that when he was once appointed Dictator no
compact was valid which was made by an inferior magistrate without his
sanction. He then warned the Gauls to prepare for battle, and ordered
his men to pile their baggage into a heap, get their weapons ready,
and win their country back by steel, not by gold. They must keep
before their eyes the temples of the gods, their wives and children,
and their country's soil, disfigured by the ravages of war-everything,
in a word, which it was their duty to defend, to recover or to avenge.
He then drew up his men in the best formation that the nature of the
ground, naturally uneven and now half burnt, admitted, and made every
provision that his military skill suggested for securing the advantage
of position and movement for his men. The Gauls, alarmed at the turn
things had taken, seized their weapons and rushed upon the Romans with
more rage than method. Fortune had now turned, divine aid and human
skill were on the side of Rome. At the very first encounter the Gauls
were routed as easily as they had conquered at the Alia. In a second
and more sustained battle at the eighth milestone on the road to
Gabii, where they had rallied from their flight, they were again
defeated under the generalship and auspices of Camillus. Here the
carnage was complete; the camp was taken, and not a single man was
left to carry tidings of the disaster. After thus recovering his
country from the enemy, the Dictator returned in triumph to the City,
and amongst the homely jests which soldiers are wont to bandy, he was
called in no idle words of praise, "A Romulus," "The Father of his
country," "The Second Founder of the City." He had saved his country
in war, and now that peace was restored, he proved, beyond all doubt,
to be its saviour again, when he prevented the migration to Veii. The
tribunes of the plebs were urging this course more strongly than ever
now that the City was burnt, and the plebs were themselves more in
favour of it. This movement and the pressing appeal which the senate
made to him not to abandon the republic while the position of affairs
was so doubtful, determined him not to lay down his dictatorship after
his triumph.

It is stated that this speech of Camillus made a profound impression,
particularly that part of it which appealed to the religious feelings.
But whilst the issue was still uncertain, a sentence, opportunely
uttered, decided the matter. The senate, shortly afterwards, were
discussing the question in the Curia Hostilia, and some cohorts
returning from guard happened to be marching through the Forum. They
had just entered the Comitium, when the centurion shouted, "Halt,
standard-bearer! Plant the standard; it will be best for us to stop
here." On hearing these words, the senators rushed out of the
Senate-house, exclaiming that they welcomed the omen, and the people
crowding round them gave an emphatic approval. The proposed measure
for migration was dropped, and they began to rebuild the City in a
haphazard way. Tiling was provided at the public expense; every one
was given the right to cut stone and timber where he pleased, after
giving security that the building should be completed within the year.
In their haste, they took no trouble to plan out straight streets; as
all distinctions of ownership in the soil were lost, they built on any
ground that happened to be vacant. That is the reason why the old
sewers, which originally were carried under public ground, now run
everywhere under private houses, and why the conformation of the City
resembles one casually built upon by settlers rather than one
regularly planned out." - Livy, History of Rome 5.49, 55

The observance of the Lucaria, the commemoration of the sack of Rome
by the Gauls and the subsequent destruction of the Gallic army,
continued today, although as an odd numbered day, it was not named as
such.

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85065	From: N. Tituria Sabina	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Salve.

I'm glad that it's continuing. I felt apprehensive to participate since I don't fully understand it. I've been trying to find ways to more actively participate, and this seemed a good way.

Vale
-Numeria Tituria Sabina

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Gnaeus Iulius Caesar <gn_iulius_caesar@...> wrote:
>
> Caesar Valeriano sal.
>
> Seeing as only two citizens entered, my intention is to spread the competition over the remainder of the year. Maybe more might take part, though somehow I am dubious as to whether that will occur. The Ludi may have formally ended, but there is precedent in NR for competitions spilling over after the end date.
>
> There was no closing ceremony as there was no opening ceremony.
>
> Optime vale
>
>
>
> --- On Tue, 7/19/11, Gaius Tullius Valerianus gaius.tullius.valerianus@...> wrote:
>
> > From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus <gaius.tullius.valerianus@...>
> > Subject: [Nova-Roma] Ludi Apollinares?
> > To: "nova-roma" <Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com>, "Nova_roma_" <Nova_roma_@yahoogroups.com>
> > Date: Tuesday, July 19, 2011, 2:29 AM
> > Salvete omnes!
> >
> > So, by my calendar, the Ludi Apollinares should have ended.
> > Was there a
> > closing ceremony? Have winners been announced? Does anyone
> > know?
> >
> > Gratias maximas from an enthusiastic participant!
> > ~ Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------------
> >
> > Yahoo! Groups Links
> >
> >
> > Â Â Nova-Roma-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com
> >
> >
> >
>

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85066	From: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar	Date: 2011-07-20
Subject: Re: Ludi Apollinares?

Cn. Iulius Caesar Praetor sal.

It is indeed a storm in a teacup.

What I said was that the Senate should discuss the Ludi. The Senate can discuss any matter it wishes, as per the Constitution.

I am not suggesting the Senate take anything over, nor am I suggesting the Ludi be scrapped. What I said is that the whole issue of how the Ludi operate should be referred to the Senate.

The objective is to improve the way they operate and address issues of who performs what functions. The Curule Aedilies are quite safe, but there are religious aspects to the games. Ultimately the Senate should address the matter in my view and, again in my view, through the assistance of the Collegium Pontificum determine the best approach to take.

I also am not suggesting the Senate determine content, but address the structural and proceedural issues. Of course if the Senate wished to so address content, then that too would be its right. I don't, and I am pretty sure my fellow senators don't want to.

Optime valete

--- On Wed, 7/20/11, Belle Morte Statia <syrenslullaby@...> wrote:

> From: Belle Morte Statia <syrenslullaby@...>
> Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: Ludi Apollinares?
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> Date: Wednesday, July 20, 2011, 1:31 AM
> Sta. Cornelia Aeternia C. Tullio
> Valeriano S.P.D.
>
>
>
> see my commentary below deck...
>
> On Tue, Jul 19, 2011 at 11:54 PM, Gaius Tullius Valerianus
> <
> gaius.tullius.valerianus@...>
> wrote:
>
> > **
> >
> >
>

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85067	From: jeffery craft	Date: 2011-07-21
Subject: (no subject)

http://paullungu.org/images/asern.html

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85068	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-22
Subject: a.d. XII Kal. Sext.

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem XII Kalendas Sextilis; hic dies nefastus publicus est.

"'When you see such momentous consequences for human affairs flowing
from the worship or the neglect of the gods, do you not realise,
Quirites, how great a sin we are meditating whilst hardly yet emerging
from the shipwreck caused by our former guilt and fall? We possess a
City which was founded with the divine approval as revealed in
auguries and auspices; in it there is not a spot which is not full of
religious associations and the presence of a god; the regular
sacrifices have their appointed places no less than they have their
appointed days. Are you, Quirites, going to desert all these
gods-those whom the State honours, those whom you worship, each at
your own altars? How far does your action come up to that of the
glorious youth C. Fabius, during the siege, which was watched by the
enemy with no less admiration than by you, when he went down from the
Citadel through the missiles of the Gauls and celebrated the appointed
sacrifice of his house on the Quirinal? Whilst the sacred rites of the
patrician houses are not interrupted even in time of war, are you
content to see the State offices of religion and the gods of Rome
abandoned in a time of peace? Are the Pontiffs and Flamens to be more
neglectful of their public functions than a private individual is of
the religious obligations of his house?

'Some one may possibly reply that we can either discharge these duties
at Veii or send priests to discharge them here. But neither of these
things can be done if the rites are to be duly performed. Not to
mention all the ceremonies or all the deities individually, where
else, I would ask, but in the Capitol can the couch of Jupiter be
prepared on the day of his festal banquet? What need is there for me
to speak about the perpetual fire of Vesta, and the Image-the pledge
of our dominion- which is in the safe keeping of her temple? And you,
Mars Gradivus, and you, Father Quirinus, what need to speak of your
sacred shields? Is it your wish that all these holy things, coeval
with the City, some of even greater antiquity, should be abandoned and
left on unhallowed soil? See, too, how great the difference between us
and our ancestors. They left to us certain rites and ceremonies which
we can only duly perform on the Alban Mount or at Lavinium. If it was
a matter of religion that these rites should not be transferred from
cities which belonged to an enemy to us at Rome, shall we transfer
them from here to the enemies' city, Veii, without offending heaven?
Call to mind, I pray you, how often ceremonies are repeated, because
through negligence or accident some detail of the ancestral ritual has
been omitted. What remedy was there for the republic, when crippled by
the war with Veii after the portent of the Alban Lake, except the
revival of sacred rites and the taking of fresh auspices? And more
than that, as though after all we reverenced the ancient faiths, we
have transferred foreign deities to Rome, and have established new
ones. Queen Juno was lately carried from Veii and dedicated on the
Aventine, and how splendidly that day was celebrated through the grand
enthusiasm of our matrons! We ordered a temple to be built to Aius
Locutius because of the divine Voice which was heard in the Via Nova.
We have added to our annual festivals the Capitoline Games, and on the
authority of the senate we have founded a college of priests to
superintend them. What necessity was there for all these undertakings
if we intended to leave the City of Rome at the same time as the
Gauls, if it was not of our own free will that we remained in the
Capitol through all those months, but the fear of the enemy which shut
us up there?

'We are speaking about the temples and the sacred rites and
ceremonies. But what, pray, about the priests? Do you not realise what
a heinous sin will be committed? For the Vestals surely there is only
that one abode, from which nothing has ever removed them but the
capture of the City. The Flamen of Jupiter is forbidden by divine law
to stay a single night outside the City. Are you going to make these
functionaries priests of Veii instead of priests of Rome? Will thy
Vestals desert thee, Vesta? Is the Flamen to bring fresh guilt upon
himself and the State for every night he sojourns abroad? Think of the
other proceedings which, after the auspices have been duly taken, we
conduct almost entirely within the City boundaries-to what oblivion,
to what neglect are we consigning them! The Assembly of the Curies,
which confers the supreme command, the Assembly of the Centuries, in
which you elect the consuls and consular tribunes- where can they be
held and the auspices taken except where they are wont to be held?
Shall we transfer these to Veii, or are the people, when an Assembly
is to be held, to meet at vast inconvenience in this City after it has
been deserted by gods and men?'" - Livy, History of Rome 5.52

Today is the last day of the Lucaria, commemorating the surprise
victory of the Romans over the Gallic armies in Latium after the sack
of Rome in 390 BC.

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85069	From: Martin G. Conde	Date: 2011-07-23
Subject: Roma, Archeologia - Gli scavi confermano: Colosseo, Ikea del Medioev

Roma, Archeologia Medioevo - II primo ceno commerciale della storia. La scoperta - Nel Medioevo l'Anfiteatro era abitato e utilizzato per fare affari. IL TEMPO ROMA (23/07/2011), p.23 [con PDF p. 1].

http://www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/5966646496/in/photostream/

Roma, Archeologia - Gli scavi confermano: Colosseo, Ikea del Medioevo Case, botteghe, stalle, magazzini, cantine: questo era il Colosseo nel Medioevo. Corriere della Sera (23/07/2011), p. 5 [con PDF p. 1].

http://www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/5966072699/in/photostream/

Roma, Il monumento Colosseo supermarket nel Medioevo, lo scopre scavo degli studenti [di Roma Tre]. La Repubblica (23/07/2011), p. 1 [ con PDF p. 1].
http://www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/5966629090/in/photostream/

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85070	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-23
Subject: a.d. X Kal. Sext. - THE NEPTUNALIA

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem X Kalendas Sextilis; hic dies nefastus publicus est.

"I heard you glory in that you alone of the immortals saved the son of
Saturn from ruin, when the others, with Juno, Neptune, and Pallas
Minerva would have put him in bonds." - Homer, Iliad I

"We read that, on the birth of Zeus's elder brother Poseidon, his
mother Rhea saved the baby in like manner by giving his father Cronus
a foal to swallow, which the deity seems to have found more digestible
than the stone, for he is not said to have spat it out again." -
Apollodorus, The Library I.9

"I begin to sing about Poseidon, the great god, mover of the earth and
fruitless sea, god of the deep who is also lord of Helicon and wide
Aegae. A two-fold office the gods allotted you, O Shaker of the Earth,
to be a tamer of horses and a saviour of ships!" - Homeric Hymn to
Poseidon

"Hear, Poseidon, ruler of the sea profound, whose liquid grasp begirds
the solid ground; who, at the bottom of the stormy main, dark and
deep-bosomed holdest they watery reign. Thy awful hand the brazen
trident bears, and sea's utmost bound thy will reveres. Thee I invoke,
whose steeds the foam divide, from whose dark locks the briny waters
glide; shoe voice, loud sounding through the roaring deep, drives all
its billows in a raging heap; when fiercely riding through the boiling
sea, thy hoarse command the trembling waves obey. Earth-shaking,
dark-haired God, the liquid plains, the third division, fate to thee
ordains. `Tis thine, cerulean daimon, to survey, well-pleased, the
monsters of the ocean play. Confirm earth's basis, and with prosperous
gales waft ships along, and swell the spacious sails; add gentle
peace, and fair-haired health beside, and pour abundance in a
blameless tide." - Orphic Hymn 17 to Poseidon

"Arion [the poet rescued by a dolphin] wrote a hymn of thanks to
Poseidon that bears witness to the dolphin's love of music and is a
kind of payment of the reward due to them also for having saved his
life. This is the hymn: `Highest of the gods, lord of the sea,
Poseidon of the golden trident, earth-shaker in the swelling brine,
around thee the finny monsters (theres) in a ring swim and dance, with
nimble flingings of their feet leaping lightly, snub-nosed hounds with
bristling neck, swift runners, music-loving dolphins, sea-nurslings of
the Nereis maids divine, whom Amphitrite bore, even they that carried
me, a wanderer on the Sikelian main, to the headland of Tainarion in
Pelops' land, mounting me upon their humped backs as they clove the
furrow of Nereus' plain, a path untrodden, when deceitful men had cast
me from their sea-faring hollow ship in to the purple swell of sea." -
Aelian, On Animals 12.45

Today is the celebration of the Neptunalia, held in honor of Neptune
as the god of the seas and water. In the middle of ancient Italy's
really hot and dry summer season, when rivers were low and water was
most scarce, Romans sought Neptune's protection of irrigation waters
and works. To do this, they went out to the fields and forests and
built small huts called umbrae (shades) or tabernaculi (tabernacles)
out of leafy Laurel (bay) branches. Within the shade of these natural
tents they would picnic outdoors, drinking spring water as well as
wine to keep cool in these hot summer days. Richer folk might
sacrifice a bull to Neptune. Camping overnight with fires for cooking
(they shared the bull with the god) would be common, and the festival
continued the next day. Honoring Neptune on this day would assure
rainfall for the crops and forestall any drought. Neptunalia was also
considered to be an auspicious day to start new irrigation works,
which, despite the heat, were easier to construct in summer than
during other wetter seasons -- slaves did the hot and heavy work
anyway.

Neptune was the god of the sea (as Neptune Oceanus) and of all waters
for Romans, but he was not among Rome's most revered and powerful
gods. Little is known of his origin: when he was first introduced in
Rome, he already had acquired all the characteristics of the Greek
Poseidon. Despite the fact that his cult grew after his equation with
Poseidon, Neptune was far less popular among Roman sailors than
Poseidon was with Greek mariners.

The Neptunalia was originally mostly a private affair concerned with
Neptune's protection of fresh agricultural water. It took on greater
significance as a public observance after Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa,
Augustus's military Chief of Staff and his Admiral, dedicated a temple
and porticus to Neptune after his naval victories over Marc Antony at
Azio and, shortly thereafter, at the decisive battle of Actium, in 31
BC. Agrippa's sanctuary was in the Campus Martius between his Pantheon
and baths, and after it was dedicated in 25 BC, the porticus may have
been the center for the public aspects of the Neptunalia. (Agrippa was
apparently a great fan of Neptune, and coins honoring Agrippa
routinely featured Neptune.) This Neptune complex was completely
restructured by Hadrian when he also rebuilt the Pantheon, so it is
difficult to discern the Agrippan design and functions of the
structure.

Neptune was also held in high regard as Neptune Equestor, the god and
patron of the extremely popular horse races and of horses. As early as
206 BC, one of his temples was located near the Circus Flaminius, one
of the larger trace-tracks and the place where the equites, members of
the equestrian class, mustered for their ceremonies outside the
pomerium or ceremonial boundary of the city. The horse connection was
obvious: Neptune Oceanus was often depicted surfing on a sea shell
towed by "sea horses" (actually hippocampi, half horses and half fish
- in front to back order, of course: think of the alternative!) Part
of the Neptune myth is that he gave the first horses to men.

The areas around the Circus Flaminius and the Pantheon sometimes
flooded after spring rains in obvious manifestations of Neptune. A
coin issued around 40 BC depicted the Circus Flaminius Neptune temple
on a podium without an approaching staircase, and this has led to
conjecture that the temple might only have been used during floods
when it would be approached by boats.

Neptune usually carried the identifying trident and was accompanied by
dolphins. Rome's most famous shell-surfing Neptune is not Ancient
Roman at all. The twenty-foot-high marble statue was finished in 1761
by Pietro Bracci, under the direction of architect Nicola Salvi, as
the centerpiece of the Trevi fountain. Fittingly, it marks the end of
the Virgine aqueduct, which was originally extended to the Piazza di
Trevi by that same Agrippa who built the Temple of Neptune not far
away at the Pantheon.

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85071	From: Gaius Tullius Valerianus	Date: 2011-07-26
Subject: Interesting site!

Salvete omnes,

I just found this really interesting website one can use to trace paths
from city to city of Roma Antiqua along the Roman roads. Very interesting
for historians of Rome: http://www.omnesviae.org/

Valete,
~ Valerianus

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85072	From: luciaiuliaaquila	Date: 2011-07-26
Subject: Roman Recon in So. Queensland, Australia

Iulia s.d,

I received an interesting email this morning through Aedes Venus Genetrix:

********************************************************
Pavel Kalinov sent you this message from Temple Of Venus
Genetrix on Meetup:

"Hi,

I have initiated a new project: to create a real-life Roman
town in Australia (not a "theme park" but a place where people
actually live, work, study, practice Ancient arts, religion
etc.). I am looking for people like yourself who may be
interested to participate. The project is now in its very
beginning, so it is mostly "virtual", but if we manage to
create a strong enough community, I hope to make it real.

If you are interested, please find details at
http://www.romaiv.com/ (see Vision and FAQs).

Your feedback/ideas are welcome.

Best,
Pavel"

To see Pavel Kalinov's profile, go here:
http://www.meetup.com/members/4966583/
*****************************************************************

The Romans seem to be from Bulgaria who relocated to Australia and who appear to have no qualms expending blood, sweat and tears to achieve their vision. Their goals differ somewhat from the Respublica, but in many ways they are like us.
We should foster amicable relations with such industrious Romans, encourage them in their endeavors and create good alliances.

Valete optime,

Julia

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85073	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-26
Subject: a.d. VII Kal. Sext.

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem VII Kalendas Sextilis; hic dies nefastus est.

"This Marcius was a famous seer and his prophecies had come to light
the previous year when by order of the senate an inspection was made
of all books of a similar character. They first came into the hands of
M. Aemilius who, as City praetor, was in charge of the business, and
he at once handed them to the new praetor, Sulla. One of the two
referred to events which had already happened before it saw the light,
and the authority thus acquired by its fulfilment gained more credence
for the other, which had yet to be fulfilled. In the first the
disaster of Cannae was foretold in words to this effect:

'Thou who art sprung from Trojan blood, beware
The stream by Canna. Let not aliens born
Force thee to battle on the fatal plain
Of Diomed. But thou wilt give no heed
To this my rede until that all the plain
Be watered by thy blood, and mighty hosts
The stream shall bear into the boundless deep
From off the fruitful earth, and they who till
Its soil shall be for food to birds and beasts
And fishes. Such is Great Jove's word to me.'

Those who had fought there recognised the truth of the description-the
plains of Argive Diomed and the river Canna and the very picture of
the disaster. Then the second prophecy was read. It was not only more
obscure than the first because the future is more uncertain than the
past, but it was also more unintelligible owing to its phraseology. It
ran as follows:

'If, Romans, ye would drive the foemen forth
Who come from far to mar your land, then see
That Games be held as each fourth year comes round
In honour of Apollo and your State
Shall bear its part and all your folk shall share
The holy work, each for himself and his.
Your praetor, who shall justice do for each
And all, shall have the charge. Then let there be
Ten chosen who shall offer sacrifice
In Grecian fashion. This if ye will do
Then shall ye evermore rejoice and all
Your State shall prosper; yea, the god shall bring
Your foes to nought, who now eat up your land.'

They spent one day interpreting this prophecy. The day following, the
senate passed a resolution that the Ten should inspect the sacred
books with reference to the institution of Games to Apollo and the
proper form of sacrifice. After they had made their investigations and
reported to the senate, a resolution was passed "that Games be vowed
and celebrated in honour of Apollo, and that when they were finished,
12,000 ases were to be given to the praetor for the expenses of the
sacrifice and two victims of large size." A second resolution was
passed that "the Ten should sacrifice according to Greek ritual the
following victims: to Apollo, an ox with gilded horns and two white
she-goats with gilded horns, and to Latona a heifer with gilded
horns." When the praetor was about to celebrate the Games in the
Circus Maximus he gave notice that during the Games the people should
contribute a gift to Apollo, according to each man's convenience. Such
is the origin of the Apollinarian Games, which were instituted for the
cause of victory and not, as is generally thought, in the interests of
the public health. The people wore garlands whilst witnessing them,
the matrons offered up intercessions; feasting went on in the
forecourts of the houses with open doors, and the day was observed
with every kind of ceremonious rite." - Livy, History of Rome XXV.12

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85074	From: Robert Woolwine	Date: 2011-07-26
Subject: Conventus list closure?

Ave!

Tink, why did you close the Conventus list?

Vale,

Sulla

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85075	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-27
Subject: a.d. VI Kal. Sext.

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem VI Kalendas Sextilis; haec dies comitialis est.

"So they [the plebeians] formed a compact to lend aid to one another
in case any one of them should be wronged in any particular; and they
took oaths to this effect and forthwith elected from their own number
two representatives Â— and afterward still more Â— in order that each
class might have a helper and avenger. And this they did not once
only, but the idea now conceived in this form kept growing, and they
appointed their representative for a year, as to some office. The men
were called in the tongue of the Latins tribuni Â— the same name that
was given to the commanders of a thousand Â— but were styled demarchoi
[leaders of the people] in the Greek language. In order, however, to
distinguish between the titles of the tribunes, they added in the one
case the phrase "of the soldiers," and in the other the phrase "of the
people." Now these tribunes of the people (or demarchoi) became
responsible for great evils that befell Rome. For though they did not
immediately secure the title of magistrates, they gained power beyond
all others, defending every one who begged protection and rescuing
every one who called upon them not only from private individuals, but
from the very magistrates, except the dictators. If any one ever
invoked them when absent, he, too, was released from the person
holding him prisoner and was either brought before the populace by
them or was set free. And if ever they saw fit that anything should
not be done, they prevented it, whether the person acting were a
private citizen or a magistrate; and if the populace or the senate was
about to do or to vote anything and a single tribune opposed it, the
action or the vote became null and void. As time went on, they were
allowed, or allowed themselves, to summon the senate, to punish
anybody who disobeyed them, to practise divination, and to hold court.
And in the case of anything that was unlawful for them to do, they
gained their point by their incontestable opposition to every project
undertaken by others. For they introduced laws to the effect that
whoever should obstruct them by deed or word, be he private citizen or
magistrate, should be "devoted" and under a curse. This being
"devoted" meant destruction; for this was the term applied to
everything that was consecrated, like a victim, for slaughter. The
tribunes themselves were termed by the multitude sacrosanct, since
they served as sacred walls, so to speak, for the shelter of such as
invoked them; for sacra among the Romans means "walls," and sancta
"sacred." Many of their actions were unwarrantable, for they threw
even consuls into prison and put men to death without granting them a
hearing. Nobody ventured to oppose them; or, in case anyone did, he
himself became "devoted." If, however, persons were not condemned by
all the tribunes, they would call to their help those who had not
concurred in the verdict, and so were given a regular trial before the
tribunes themselves or before a jury or before the populace, and were
subject to the deciding vote. In the course of time the number of the
tribunes was fixed at ten, and as a result of this most of their power
was overthrown." - Cassius Dio, "The Roman Histories" IV.15

"After this we are naturally inclined to ask what part in the
constitution is left for the people, considering that the senate
controls all the particular matters I mentioned, and, what is most
important, manages all matters of revenue and expenditure, and
considering that the consuls again have uncontrolled authority as
regards armaments and operations in the field. But nevertheless there
is a part and a very important part left for the people. For it is the
people which alone has the right to confer honours and inflict
punishment, the only bonds by which kingdoms and states and in a word
human society in general are held together. For where the distinction
between these is overlooked or is observed but ill applied, no affairs
can be properly administered. How indeed is this possible when good
and evil men are held in equal estimation? It is by the people, then,
in many cases the offences punishable by a fine are tried when the
accused have held the highest office; and they are the only court
which may try on capital charges. As regards the latter they have a
practice which is praiseworthy and should be mentioned. Their usage
allows those on trial for their lives when found guilty liberty to
depart openly, thus inflicting voluntary exile on themselves, if even
only one of the tribes that pronounce the verdict has not yet voted.
Such exiles enjoy safety in the territories of Naples, Praeneste,
Tibur, and other civitates foederatae. Again it is the people who
bestow office on the deserving, the noblest regard of virtue in a
state; the people have the power of approving or rejecting laws, and
what is most important of all, they deliberate on the question of war
and peace. Further in the case of alliances, terms of peace, and
treaties, it is the people who ratify all these or the reverse. Thus
here again one might plausibly say that the people's share in the
government is the greatest, and that the constitution is a democratic
one." - Polybius, The Histories VI.14

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85076	From: Michel Lavau	Date: 2011-07-27
Subject: Re: a.d. VII Kal. Sext.

Marcus Furius Camillus Catoni S.P.D.

ANIMADVERTITO, Cato optime, adiectivum "Sextilis" accusatiuo feminino plurali cum litteris "-es" desinere ("KalendÃ¦" enim uerbum femininum plurale est). Ergo scribendum est : "ante diem VII Kalendas Sextiles" nec "Sextilis".

Note, dear Cato, that the "Sextilis" adjective (meaning "of August") has the "-es" ending in the accusative feminine plural (indeed, "KalendÃ¦" is a feminine plural word). Thus, one must write "ante diem VII Kalendas Sextiles" and not "Sextilis".

Cura ut ualeas.

Datum Argentorati (in Francagalla provincia) a. d. VI Kal. Sext. MMDCCLXIII a. V. c.

--- On Tue, 7/26/11, Cato <catoinnyc@...> wrote:

From: Cato <catoinnyc@...>
Subject: [Nova-Roma] a.d. VII Kal. Sext.
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Date: Tuesday, July 26, 2011, 11:36 PM

Â

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem VII Kalendas Sextilis; hic dies nefastus est.

"This Marcius was a famous seer and his prophecies had come to light

the previous year when by order of the senate an inspection was made

of all books of a similar character. They first came into the hands of

M. Aemilius who, as City praetor, was in charge of the business, and

he at once handed them to the new praetor, Sulla. One of the two

referred to events which had already happened before it saw the light,

and the authority thus acquired by its fulfilment gained more credence

for the other, which had yet to be fulfilled. In the first the

disaster of Cannae was foretold in words to this effect:

'Thou who art sprung from Trojan blood, beware

The stream by Canna. Let not aliens born

Force thee to battle on the fatal plain

Of Diomed. But thou wilt give no heed

To this my rede until that all the plain

Be watered by thy blood, and mighty hosts

The stream shall bear into the boundless deep

From off the fruitful earth, and they who till

Its soil shall be for food to birds and beasts

And fishes. Such is Great Jove's word to me.'

Those who had fought there recognised the truth of the description-the

plains of Argive Diomed and the river Canna and the very picture of

the disaster. Then the second prophecy was read. It was not only more

obscure than the first because the future is more uncertain than the

past, but it was also more unintelligible owing to its phraseology. It

ran as follows:

'If, Romans, ye would drive the foemen forth

Who come from far to mar your land, then see

That Games be held as each fourth year comes round

In honour of Apollo and your State

Shall bear its part and all your folk shall share

The holy work, each for himself and his.

Your praetor, who shall justice do for each

And all, shall have the charge. Then let there be

Ten chosen who shall offer sacrifice

In Grecian fashion. This if ye will do

Then shall ye evermore rejoice and all

Your State shall prosper; yea, the god shall bring

Your foes to nought, who now eat up your land.'

They spent one day interpreting this prophecy. The day following, the

senate passed a resolution that the Ten should inspect the sacred

books with reference to the institution of Games to Apollo and the

proper form of sacrifice. After they had made their investigations and

reported to the senate, a resolution was passed "that Games be vowed

and celebrated in honour of Apollo, and that when they were finished,

12,000 ases were to be given to the praetor for the expenses of the

sacrifice and two victims of large size." A second resolution was

passed that "the Ten should sacrifice according to Greek ritual the

following victims: to Apollo, an ox with gilded horns and two white

she-goats with gilded horns, and to Latona a heifer with gilded

horns." When the praetor was about to celebrate the Games in the

Circus Maximus he gave notice that during the Games the people should

contribute a gift to Apollo, according to each man's convenience. Such

is the origin of the Apollinarian Games, which were instituted for the

cause of victory and not, as is generally thought, in the interests of

the public health. The people wore garlands whilst witnessing them,

the matrons offered up intercessions; feasting went on in the

forecourts of the houses with open doors, and the day was observed

with every kind of ceremonious rite." - Livy, History of Rome XXV.12

Valete bene!

Cato

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85077	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-27
Subject: Re: a.d. VII Kal. Sext.

Cato Furio Camillo sal.

Thank you! I shall make sure it is correct in the upcoming days! :)

Vale bene,

Cato

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, Michel Lavau <michella1913@...> wrote:
>
> Marcus Furius Camillus Catoni S.P.D.
>
> ANIMADVERTITO, Cato optime, adiectivum "Sextilis" accusatiuo feminino plurali cum litteris "-es" desinere ("KalendÃƒÂ¦" enim uerbum femininum plurale est). Ergo scribendum est : "ante diem VII Kalendas Sextiles" nec "Sextilis".
>
> Note, dear Cato, that the "Sextilis" adjective (meaning "of August") has the "-es" ending in the accusative feminine plural (indeed, "KalendÃƒÂ¦" is a feminine plural word). Thus, one must write "ante diem VII Kalendas Sextiles" and not "Sextilis".
>
> Cura ut ualeas.
>
> Datum Argentorati (in Francagalla provincia) a. d. VI Kal. Sext. MMDCCLXIII a. V. c.
>
>
>
> --- On Tue, 7/26/11, Cato <catoinnyc@...> wrote:
>
> From: Cato <catoinnyc@...>
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] a.d. VII Kal. Sext.
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
> Date: Tuesday, July 26, 2011, 11:36 PM
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Ã‚Â
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Cato omnibus in foro SPD
>
>
>
> Hodiernus dies est ante diem VII Kalendas Sextilis; hic dies nefastus est.
>
>
>
> "This Marcius was a famous seer and his prophecies had come to light
>
> the previous year when by order of the senate an inspection was made
>
> of all books of a similar character. They first came into the hands of
>
> M. Aemilius who, as City praetor, was in charge of the business, and
>
> he at once handed them to the new praetor, Sulla. One of the two
>
> referred to events which had already happened before it saw the light,
>
> and the authority thus acquired by its fulfilment gained more credence
>
> for the other, which had yet to be fulfilled. In the first the
>
> disaster of Cannae was foretold in words to this effect:
>
>
>
> 'Thou who art sprung from Trojan blood, beware
>
> The stream by Canna. Let not aliens born
>
> Force thee to battle on the fatal plain
>
> Of Diomed. But thou wilt give no heed
>
> To this my rede until that all the plain
>
> Be watered by thy blood, and mighty hosts
>
> The stream shall bear into the boundless deep
>
> From off the fruitful earth, and they who till
>
> Its soil shall be for food to birds and beasts
>
> And fishes. Such is Great Jove's word to me.'
>
>
>
> Those who had fought there recognised the truth of the description-the
>
> plains of Argive Diomed and the river Canna and the very picture of
>
> the disaster. Then the second prophecy was read. It was not only more
>
> obscure than the first because the future is more uncertain than the
>
> past, but it was also more unintelligible owing to its phraseology. It
>
> ran as follows:
>
>
>
> 'If, Romans, ye would drive the foemen forth
>
> Who come from far to mar your land, then see
>
> That Games be held as each fourth year comes round
>
> In honour of Apollo and your State
>
> Shall bear its part and all your folk shall share
>
> The holy work, each for himself and his.
>
> Your praetor, who shall justice do for each
>
> And all, shall have the charge. Then let there be
>
> Ten chosen who shall offer sacrifice
>
> In Grecian fashion. This if ye will do
>
> Then shall ye evermore rejoice and all
>
> Your State shall prosper; yea, the god shall bring
>
> Your foes to nought, who now eat up your land.'
>
>
>
> They spent one day interpreting this prophecy. The day following, the
>
> senate passed a resolution that the Ten should inspect the sacred
>
> books with reference to the institution of Games to Apollo and the
>
> proper form of sacrifice. After they had made their investigations and
>
> reported to the senate, a resolution was passed "that Games be vowed
>
> and celebrated in honour of Apollo, and that when they were finished,
>
> 12,000 ases were to be given to the praetor for the expenses of the
>
> sacrifice and two victims of large size." A second resolution was
>
> passed that "the Ten should sacrifice according to Greek ritual the
>
> following victims: to Apollo, an ox with gilded horns and two white
>
> she-goats with gilded horns, and to Latona a heifer with gilded
>
> horns." When the praetor was about to celebrate the Games in the
>
> Circus Maximus he gave notice that during the Games the people should
>
> contribute a gift to Apollo, according to each man's convenience. Such
>
> is the origin of the Apollinarian Games, which were instituted for the
>
> cause of victory and not, as is generally thought, in the interests of
>
> the public health. The people wore garlands whilst witnessing them,
>
> the matrons offered up intercessions; feasting went on in the
>
> forecourts of the houses with open doors, and the day was observed
>
> with every kind of ceremonious rite." - Livy, History of Rome XXV.12
>
>
>
> Valete bene!
>
>
>
> Cato
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85078	From: petronius_dexter	Date: 2011-07-27
Subject: Re: a.d. VII Kal. Sext.

C. Petronius M. Camillo s.p.d.,

Timeo ne sermonem Latinum Catonis incassum correxeris, propterea quod Cato ille saepe emendatus semper eadem menda iterat. Ego uero hunc tertium decimum laborem Herculis dimisi quod est Catonem meliorem reddere. :o)

Je crains que tu n'ais corrigÃ© le latin de Caton en vain, puisque Caton souvent corrigÃ©, rÃ©itÃ¨re toujours les mÃªmes erreurs. J'ai laissÃ© tomber ce treiziÃ¨me travail d'Hercule, amÃ©liorer Caton. :o)

I fear that you corrected without effect the Latin of Cato, because Cato often corrected always do the same mistakes again. I gave up this thirteenth labour of Hercules: to improve Cato. :o)

C. Petronius Dexter
Arcoiali scribebat
a. d. V Kalendas Sextiles P. Vllerio C. Equitio coss.

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85079	From: A. Tullia Scholastica	Date: 2011-07-28
Subject: Re: a.d. VII Kal. Sext.

>
> A. Tullia Scholastica C. Petronio Dextro M. Furio Camillo omnibus fautoribus
> linguae Latinae S.P.D.
>
>
>
> C. Petronius M. Camillo s.p.d.,
>
> Timeo ne sermonem Latinum Catonis incassum correxeris, propterea quod Cato
> ille saepe emendatus semper eadem menda iterat. Ego uero hunc tertium decimum
> laborem Herculis dimisi quod est Catonem meliorem reddere. :o)
>
> ATS: Cachinno! Nec est solus qui et emendatus non discit. Nonnulli e
> discipulis meis affirmant cupas atramenti rubri quas fundo ut menda eorum
> corrigam magno auxilio sibi esse, sed sunt qui numquam discant. Et linguÃ¡
> patriÃ¡ ille errat...nec semel.
>
> Je crains que tu n'ais corrigÃ© le latin de Caton en vain, puisque Caton
> souvent corrigÃ©, rÃ©itÃ¨re toujours les mÃªmes erreurs. J'ai laissÃ© tomber ce
> treiziÃ¨me travail d'Hercule, amÃ©liorer Caton. :o)
>
> ATS: Vraiment. Je le crains, mais nous devons essayer ce travail
> dÂ¹Hercule.
>
> I fear that you corrected without effect the Latin of Cato, because Cato often
> corrected always do the same mistakes again. I gave up this thirteenth labour
> of Hercules: to improve Cato. :o)
>
> C. Petronius Dexter
> Arcoiali scribebat
> a. d. V Kalendas Sextiles P. Vllerio C. Equitio coss.

Valete!

>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85080	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-28
Subject: a.d. IV Kal. Sext.

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem IV Kalendas Sextiles; haec dies comitialis est.

"Such being the power that each part has of hampering the others or
co-operating with them, their union is adequate to all emergencies, so
that it is impossible to find a better political system than this.
For whenever the menace of some common danger from abroad compels them
to act in concord and support each other, so great does the strength
of the state become, that nothing which is requisite can be neglected,
as all are zealously competing in devising means of meeting the need
of the hour, nor can any decision arrived at fail to be executed
promptly, as all are co-operating both in public and in private to the
accomplishment of the task which they have set themselves; and
consequently this peculiar form of constitution possesses an
irresistible power of attaining every object upon which it is
resolved. When again they are freed from external menace, and reap
the harvest of good fortune and affluence which is the result of their
success, and in the enjoyment of this prosperity are corrupted by
flattery and idleness and wax insolent and overbearing, as indeed
happens often enough, it is then especially that we see the state
providing itself a remedy for the evil from which it suffers. For
when one part having grown out of proportion to the others aims at
supremacy and tends to become too predominant, it is evident that, as
for the reasons above given none of the three is absolute, but the
purpose of the one can be counterworked and thwarted by the others,
none of them will excessively outgrow the others or treat them with
contempt. All in fact remains in statu quo, on the one hand, because
any aggressive impulse is sure to be checked and from the outset each
estate stands in dread of being interfered with by the others. . . ."
- Polybius, "The Roman Histories" VI.18

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85081	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-29
Subject: a.d. III Kal. Sext.

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem III Kalendas Sextiles; haec dies comitialis est.

"So they [the plebeians] formed a compact to lend aid to one another
in case any one of them should be wronged in any particular; and they
took oaths to this effect and forthwith elected from their own number
two representatives Â— and afterward still more Â— in order that each
class might have a helper and avenger. And this they did not once
only, but the idea now conceived in this form kept growing, and they
appointed their representative for a year, as to some office. The men
were called in the tongue of the Latins tribuni Â— the same name that
was given to the commanders of a thousand Â— but were styled demarchoi
[leaders of the people] in the Greek language. In order, however, to
distinguish between the titles of the tribunes, they added in the one
case the phrase "of the soldiers," and in the other the phrase "of the
people." Now these tribunes of the people (or demarchoi) became
responsible for great evils that befell Rome. For though they did not
immediately secure the title of magistrates, they gained power beyond
all others, defending every one who begged protection and rescuing
every one who called upon them not only from private individuals, but
from the very magistrates, except the dictators. If any one ever
invoked them when absent, he, too, was released from the person
holding him prisoner and was either brought before the populace by
them or was set free. And if ever they saw fit that anything should
not be done, they prevented it, whether the person acting were a
private citizen or a magistrate; and if the populace or the senate was
about to do or to vote anything and a single tribune opposed it, the
action or the vote became null and void. As time went on, they were
allowed, or allowed themselves, to summon the senate, to punish
anybody who disobeyed them, to practise divination, and to hold court.
And in the case of anything that was unlawful for them to do, they
gained their point by their incontestable opposition to every project
undertaken by others. For they introduced laws to the effect that
whoever should obstruct them by deed or word, be he private citizen or
magistrate, should be "devoted" and under a curse. This being
"devoted" meant destruction; for this was the term applied to
everything that was consecrated, like a victim, for slaughter. The
tribunes themselves were termed by the multitude sacrosanct, since
they served as sacred walls, so to speak, for the shelter of such as
invoked them; for sacra among the Romans means "walls," and sancta
"sacred." Many of their actions were unwarrantable, for they threw
even consuls into prison and put men to death without granting them a
hearing. Nobody ventured to oppose them; or, in case anyone did, he
himself became "devoted." If, however, persons were not condemned by
all the tribunes, they would call to their help those who had not
concurred in the verdict, and so were given a regular trial before the
tribunes themselves or before a jury or before the populace, and were
subject to the deciding vote. In the course of time the number of the
tribunes was fixed at ten, and as a result of this most of their power
was overthrown." - Cassius Dio, "The Roman Histories" IV.15

"After this we are naturally inclined to ask what part in the
constitution is left for the people, considering that the senate
controls all the particular matters I mentioned, and, what is most
important, manages all matters of revenue and expenditure, and
considering that the consuls again have uncontrolled authority as
regards armaments and operations in the field. But nevertheless there
is a part and a very important part left for the people. For it is the
people which alone has the right to confer honours and inflict
punishment, the only bonds by which kingdoms and states and in a word
human society in general are held together. For where the distinction
between these is overlooked or is observed but ill applied, no affairs
can be properly administered. How indeed is this possible when good
and evil men are held in equal estimation? It is by the people, then,
in many cases the offences punishable by a fine are tried when the
accused have held the highest office; and they are the only court
which may try on capital charges. As regards the latter they have a
practice which is praiseworthy and should be mentioned. Their usage
allows those on trial for their lives when found guilty liberty to
depart openly, thus inflicting voluntary exile on themselves, if even
only one of the tribes that pronounce the verdict has not yet voted.
Such exiles enjoy safety in the territories of Naples, Praeneste,
Tibur, and other civitates foederatae. Again it is the people who
bestow office on the deserving, the noblest regard of virtue in a
state; the people have the power of approving or rejecting laws, and
what is most important of all, they deliberate on the question of war
and peace. Further in the case of alliances, terms of peace, and
treaties, it is the people who ratify all these or the reverse. Thus
here again one might plausibly say that the people's share in the
government is the greatest, and that the constitution is a democratic
one." - Polybius, The Histories VI.14

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85082	From: Cato	Date: 2011-07-31
Subject: prid. Kal. Sext.

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Salvete omnes!

Hodiernus dies est pridie Kalendas Sextiles; haec dies comitialis est.

"Why is it forbidden to mention or to inquire after or to call by name
that deity, whether it be male or female, whose especial province it
is to preserve and watch over Rome? This prohibition they connect with
a superstition and relate that Valerius Soranus came to an evil end
because he revealed the name.

Is it because, as certain Roman writers have recorded, there are
certain evocations and enchantments affecting the gods, by which the
Romans also believed that certain gods had been called forth from
their enemies, and had come to dwell among themselves, and they were
afraid of having this same thing done to them by others? Accordingly,
as the Tyrians are said to have put chains upon their images, and
certain other peoples are said to demand sureties when they send forth
their images for bathing or for some other rite of purification, so
the Romans believed that not to mention and not to know the name of a
god was the safest and surest way of shielding him.

Or as Homer has written,

'Earth is yet common to all,'

so that mankind should reverence and honour all the gods, since they
possess the earth in common, even so did the Romans of early times
conceal the identity of the god who was the guardian of their safety,
since they desired that not only this god, but all the gods should be
honoured by the citizens?" - Plutarch, "The Roman Questions" 61

Valete bene!

Cato

Group: Nova-Roma	Message: 85083	From: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com	Date: 2011-07-31
Subject: Kalends, 8/1/2011, 12:00 am

Reminder from:		Nova-Roma Yahoo! Group

Title:		Kalends

Date:		Monday August 1, 2011
Time:		All Day
Repeats:		This event repeats every month.
Notes:		Every Kalends is sacred to Juno "Be well, Queen Juno, look down and preserve us. Accept this offering of incense and look kindly and favorably upon me and the Senate and people of Nova Roma." (Incense is placed in focus) "Queen Juno, in addition to my virtuous offering of incense, be honored by this offering of wine that I pour in libation. May you look kindly and favorably upon the Senate and people of Nova Roma." (Libation is poured for the Goddess)

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