C. Petronius Dexter P. M. omnibus salutem plurimam dicit,

Hodie sunt Kalendae Sextiles, hic dies fastus est,
dies Laribus Compitalibus sacratus,
Spei et Victoriae et Martis Vltoris sacra.

This day, I invoke Iuno Covella with the traditional formula:

"Die te quinti kalo, Iuno Covella"

I said good prayers asking the Goddess to be favorable toward
us, New Romans.

I offered incense and poured milk as sacrifice and honey as piaculum.

-------------------------------------------------------------


The festivals to be celebrated in the month of August will be:

E 1 Kal. Sex. F
F 2 a.d. IV Non. Sex. F Ater
G 3 a.d. III Non. Sex. C
H 4 pr. Non. Sex. C
A 5 Non. Sex. F Nundina
B 6 a.d. VIII Id. Sex. F Ater
C 7 a.d. VII Id. Sex. C
D 8 a.d. VI Id. Sex. C
E 9 a.d. V Id. Sex. C
F 10 a.d. IV Id. Sex. C
G 11 a.d. III Id. Sex. C
H 12 pr. Id. Sex. C
A 13 Id. Sex. NP Feriae Iovi ; Nundina
B 14 a.d. XIX Kal. Sep. F Ater
C 15 a.d. XVIII Kal. Sep. C
D 16 a.d. XVII Kal. Sep. C
E 17 a.d. XVI Kal. Sep. NP Portunalia
F 18 a.d. XV Kal. Sep. C
G 19 a.d. XIV Kal. Sep. FP Vinalia Rustica
H 20 a.d. XIII Kal. Sep. C
A 21 a.d. XII Kal. Sep. NP Consualia ; Nundina
B 22 a.d. XI Kal. Sep. EN
C 23 a.d. X Kal. Sep. NP Volcanalia
D 24 a.d. IX Kal. Sep. C Mundus patet
E 25 a.d. VIII Kal. Sep. NP Opiconsivia
F 26 a.d. VII Kal. Sep. C
G 27 a.d. VI Kal. Sep. NP Volturnalia
H 28 a.d. V Kal. Sep. C
A 29 a.d. IV Kal. Sep. [F] Nundina
B 30 a.d. III Kal. Sep. [F]
C 31 pr. Kal. Sep. C

-------------------------------------------------------------


--
C. Petronius Dexter
Pontifex Maximus Arcoiali scribebat
Kalendis Sextilibus P. Vllerio C. Equitio coss.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Reminder from:		Nova-Roma Yahoo! Group
Title:		After every Kalends, Nones, Ides, the next day is "Ater"
Date:		Tuesday August 2, 2011
Time:		All Day
Repeats:		This event repeats every month.
Notes:		Ater (unlucky) *Gods or Goddesses should not be invoked by name while indoors, and no celestial God or Goddess should be invoked by name while outdoors. *Sacrifices should not be made, even at the lararium. *These days are ill-omened to begin any new project since any new project would necessarily begin by performing a rite calling for the assistance of the gods. Such religious rites, beginning something new, are not to be performed. *Avoid making journeys, or doing anything risky.
Get reminders on your mobile, Yahoo! Messenger, and email. Edit reminder options

Copyright © 2011  Yahoo! Inc. All Rights Reserved | Terms of Service | Privacy Policy

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est Kalendis Sextilibus; hic dies fastus est.

"The Sun with sultry Sirius now doth rise
And Jove's red lightning flashes from the skies:
The angry gods heaven's arm'ry open flings,
And whizzing bolts ride forth on burning wings." - Anson Allen,
"Newtonian Reflector" (AD 1825)

"Whereas the Emperor Augustus Caesar, in the month of Sextillis...thrice entered
the city in triumph...and in the same month
Egypt was brought under the authority of the Roman people, and in the
same month an end was put to the civil wars; and whereas for these
reasons the said month is, and has been, most fortunate to this
empire, it is hereby decreed by the senate that the said month shall
be called Augustus."

On this day, temples were dedicated to Spes, the Victories, and Mars
Ultor.

"The woman [Pandora], with her hands lifting away the lid from the
great jar, scattered its contents, and her design was sad troubles for
mankind. Elpis (Hope) was the only spirit that stayed there in the
unbreakable closure of the jar, under its rim, and could not fly forth
abroad, for the lid of the great jar closed down first and contained
her; this was by the will of cloud-gathering Zeus of the aegis." -
Hesiod, Works and Days

"Elpis (Hope) is the only good god remaining among mankind; the others
have left and gone to Olympos. Pistis (Trust), a mighty god has gone,
Sophrosyne (Restraint) has gone from men, and the Kharites, my friend,
have abandoned the earth. Men's judicial oaths are no longer to be
trusted, nor does anyone revere the immortal gods; the race of pious
men has perished and men no longer recognize the rules of conduct or
acts of piety. But as long as man lives and sees the light of the sun,
let him show piety to the gods and count on Elpis (Hope). Let him pray
to the gods and burn splendid thigh bones, sacrificing to Elpis (Hope)
first and last." - Greek Elegaic Theognis, Frag 1.1135

Spes is the goddess of hope. She was traditionally defined as "the
last goddess" (Spes, ultima dea), meaning that hope is the last
resource available to men. Her temple was in the Forum Holitorium. In
art, Spes was depicted hitching her skirt while holding a cornucopia
and flowers. Spes personified hope for good harvests, and for
children, and was invoked at births, marriages, and other important
times. Her Greek equivalent is Elpis.


The Temple of Mars Ultor (the Avenger) was built by the Emperor
Augustus for a variety of reasons. Of course it served as the focal
point of his forum, located in the centrally and the rear (following
the example set by Iulius Caesar with his Temple of Venus Genetrix)
and closing off the space at the back of the forum in this manner
blocked the view of the Roman tenements.

But the reasons for this temple go far beyond the practical ones. By
making his temple to Mars the Avenger, Augustus pointedly reminded the
Roman people of that he had avenged the death of Iulius Caesar who had
recently been canonized by the Roman Senate. He also reminded the
Senate and the People that he stuck his oath before the battle of
Actium, remaining faithful to the Roman religion; he clearly believed
in the Roman Virtues, especially Pietas, Gravitas, and Dignitas. These
blunt statements made by Augustus in the temple gave himself a
glorified and deified ancestry, characteristics, and persona, all
suggesting his own worthiness as an Imperator and a potential deity.

Valete bene!

Cato

Sta. Cornelia Aeternia. L. Cornelius Sullae Omnibusque S.P.D.

Yes I know this took a while for me to answer.. I am alive sorta..

I have closed the list for many reasons, the planning as I strategized in my
head looked great in the brain worked horribly on e-mail format.

Plus it made no sense to keep the list, when those particular individuals on
such said list, were not assisting in the co-ordinating in the
infrastructure as hoped for. For many of them mundane life got in the way,
which in a sense is very understandable.

The planning of the Conventus takes place in my living room, so having a
list for it seems rather moot.


Vale Optime,
Aeternia


On Tue, Jul 26, 2011 at 6:42 PM, Robert Woolwine
<robert.woolwine@...>wrote:

> **
>
>
> Ave!
>
> Tink, why did you close the Conventus list?
>
> Vale,
>
> Sulla
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem IV Nones Sextiles; hic dies fastus est.

"Then there was flight in all directions; 7000 men escaped to the
smaller camp, 10,000 to the larger, and about 2000 to the village of
Cannae. These latter were at once surrounded by Carthalo and his
cavalry, as the village was quite unfortified. The other consul, who
either by accident or design had not joined any of these bodies of
fugitives, escaped with about fifty cavalry to Venusia; 45,500
infantry, 2700 cavalry - almost an equal proportion of Romans and
allies - are said to have been killed. Amongst the number were both
the quaestors attached to the consuls, L. Atilius and L. Furius
Bibulcus, twenty-nine military tribunes, several ex-consuls,
ex-praetors, and ex-aediles (amongst them are included Cn. Servilius
Geminus and M. Minucius, who was Master of the Horse the previous year
and, some years before that, consul), and in addition to these, eighty
men who had either been senators or filled offices qualifying them for
election to the senate and who had volunteered for service with the
legions. The prisoners taken in the battle are stated to have amounted
to 3000 infantry and 1500 cavalry. Never before, while the City
itself was still safe, had there been such excitement and panic within
its walls. I shall not attempt to describe it, nor will I weaken the
reality by going into detailsÂ… it was not wound upon wound but
multiplied disaster that was now announced. For according to the
reports two consular armies and two consuls were lost; there was no
longer any Roman camp, any general, any single soldier in existence;
Apulia, Samnium, almost the whole of Italy lay at Hannibal's feet.
Certainly there is no other nation that would not have succumbed
beneath such a weight of calamity." - Livy, History of Rome XXII.49-50

"Such was the end of the battle of Cannae, in which both sides fought
with the most conspicuous gallantry, the conquered no less than the
conquerors. This is proved by the fact that, out of six thousand
horse, only seventy escaped with Caius Terentius to Venusia, and about
three hundred of the allied cavalry to various towns in the
neighborhood. Of the infantry ten thousand were taken prisoners in
fair fight, but were not actually engaged in the battle: of those who
were actually engaged only about three thousand perhaps escaped to the
towns of the surrounding district; all the rest died nobly, to the
number of seventy thousand, the Carthaginians being on this occasion,
as on previous ones, mainly indebted for their victory to their
superiority in cavalry: a lesson to posterity that in actual war it is
better to have half the number of infantry, and the superiority in
cavalry, than to engage your enemy with an equality in both. On the
side of Hannibal there fell four thousand Celts, fifteen hundred
Iberians and Libyans, and about two hundred horse.

The ten thousand Romans who were captured had not, as I said, been
engaged in the actual battle; and the reason was this. Lucius Aemilius
left ten thousand infantry in his camp that, in case Hannibal should
disregard the safety of his own camp, and take his whole army onto the
field, they might seize the opportunity, while the battle was going
on, of forcing their way in and capturing the enemy's baggage; or if,
on the other hand, Hannibal should, in view of this contingency, leave
a guard in his camp, the number of the enemy in the field might
thereby be diminished. These men were captured in the field in the
following circumstances. Hannibal, as a matter of fact, did leave a
sufficient guard in his camp; and as soon as the battle began, the
Romans, according to their instructions, assaulted and tried to take
those thus left by Hannibal. At first they held their own: but just as
they were beginning to waver, Hannibal, who was by this time gaining a
victory all along the line, came to their relief, and routing the
Romans, shut them up in their own camp; killed two thousand of them;
and took all the rest prisoners. In like manner the Numidian horse
brought in all those who had taken refuge in the various strongholds
about the district, amounting to two thousand of the routed cavalry."
- Polyibius, "The Roman Histories" III.117

Today is the anniversary of the Battle of Cannae, the greatest defeat
Rome ever suffered. The newly elected Roman Consuls, Gaius Terentius
Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus, who had both run on a platform of
taking the war to Hannibal, were anxious to begin their tenure with
military achievement. Counter to the delaying tactics of the Dictator
Fabius Maximus, Varro and Paulus immediately formed a large force to
deal with the Carthaginians ravaging southern Italy. While ancient
sources offer conflicting reports, it can be safe to assume that
between the two, Consuls, they levied a force of nearly 80,000 men.

Hannibal meanwhile, still attempting to subvert Roman authority in the
allied areas of Italy, was waiting for the Roman with approximately
40,000 men; Gauls, Carthaginians and Numidian cavalry. Despite the
popular conception that the elephants played a major role in the
campaign, by this time, all of his elephants had died. Hannibal,
despite his numerical inferiority had such an overwhelming strategic
edge, that he was eager to meet the new Roman challenge.
Theoretically, the Roman tactic of crushing Hannibal between two large
armies should have spelled his doom, but Hannibal's brilliance allowed
him to turn the tables once the engagement got under way.

On August 2, 216 BC, in the Apulian plain, near Cannae and near the
mouth of the Aufidus River, the 2 great armies came face to face. The
Consul Varro was in command on the first day for the Romans, as the
consuls alternated commands as they marched. Paullus, it has been
suggested, was opposed to the engagement as it was taking shape, but
regardless still brought his force to bear. The two armies positioned
their lines and soon advanced against one another.

The cavalry was to meet first on the flanks. Hasdrubal, commanding the
Numidians, quickly overpowered the inferior Romans on the right flank
and routed them. Pushing them into the river and scattering any
opposing infantry in his path, Hasdrubal dominated the right flank and
was quickly able to get in the rear of the enemy lines. While the much
superior Numidians dealt quickly with their Roman counterparts, such
was not the case with the infantry.

As Hasdrubal was routing the Roman horse, the mass of infantry on both
sides advanced towards each other in the middle of the field. The
Iberian and Gallic Celts on the Carthaginian side, while fierce, were
no match for Roman armament and close-quartered combat. Initially, the
vast numerical advantage of the Legions pushed deep into the middle of
the Carthaginians. While the Celts were pushed back, they didn't
break, however. They held as firm as they could, while Hasdrubal's
cavalry pushed around to the rear of the enemy and the Carthaginian
infantry held firm on the immediate flanks. The Romans soon found that
their success in the middle was pushing them into a potential
disaster. As they victoriously fought farther into the center of
Hannibal's lines, they were actually walking themselves right into
being completely encircled.

Just as the Romans were on the brink of crushing the enemy center, the
Carthaginian flanks were brought to bear and the pressure pinned in
the Roman advance. Hasdrubals' cavalry completed the circle by forcing
the rear of the Roman line to turn back and form a square. All around,
the massive bulk of the Roman army was forced into confined space.
Hannibal brought his archers and slingers to bear and the result in
the confines was devastating. Unable to continue the original break
through against the Celts in the center of Hannibal's lines, the
Romans were easy prey for the Carthaginians. Hannibal, with complete
fury, encouraged his own men, under fear of the lash, if they weren't
zealous enough in the slaughter.

In the midst of the battle the Consul, Paullus, was wounded (either
early or late depending on Livy or Polybius as the source). He
valiantly attempted to maintain the Roman ranks, though vainly. While
the commander of the day, Varro, fled the battle, Paullus stayed the
course trying to save his army. In the end, it was a terrible
slaughter and Paullus would be dead with the bulk of his men. Romans
trying to escape were hamstrung as they ran, so the Carthaginians
could concentrate on those who were still fighting, but allow time to
return and kill the crippled later. In a fast and furious display of
death, Hannibal ordered his men to stand down only a few short hours
after they originally encircled the enemy.

On a small strip of land where the Romans were bottled up, estimates
as high as 60,000 corpses were piled one on top of another. Another
3,000 Romans were captured and more staggered into villages
surrounding the battlefield. Hannibal, however, still trying to win
the hearts of the Italian Roman allies, once again released the
prisoners, much to the dismay of his commanders. In salute to the
fallen Paullus, Hannibal also honored him with ceremonial rituals in
recognition of his valiant actions.

In the end, perhaps only as many as 15,000 Romans managed to escape
with Varro. These survivors were later reconstituted as two units and
assigned to Sicily for the remainder of the war as punishment for
their loss. Along with Paullus, both of the Quaestors were killed, as
well as 29 out of 48 military tribunes and an additional 80 other
senators (at a time when the Roman Senate was no more than 300 men).
The rings signifying membership in the Senate and from those of
Equestrian (Knight class or the elite class after Patrician) status
were collected from the dead in baskets and later thrown onto the
floor of the Carthaginian Senate in disrespect. In contrast,
Hannibal's losses numbered only between 6,000 and 7,000 men, of whom,
these were mostly his Celtic recruits. Once again Hannibal proved
brilliant in battlefield strategy, using the enemy's tactics against
itself and routing an army twice the size of his own. In less than a
year since the disaster at Trasimenus, the Roman's greatest loss was
in history put the state into a panic. There was nothing keeping
Hannibal from sacking Rome itself at this point, other than Hannibal.
His generals again urged him to not waste any more effort and go for
the final kill, but Hannibal was reluctant. Still believing he
couldn't take Rome itself, he preferred his strategy of pursuing
revolt among the Roman allies.

Despite this tremendous loss, the following defection of many allied
cities, and the declaration of war by Philip of Macedon that was soon
to come, the Romans showed a resiliency that defined them as people.
According to Livy, "No other nation in the world could have suffered
so tremendous a series of disasters and not been overwhelmed." The
truth of that nature was self evident. While some in the Senate, such
as Lucius Caecilius Metellus were ready to abandon the Republic as a
lost cause, others like Scipio propped up the flagging Roman spirit
with encouragement and undying oaths of loyalty to Rome.

Shortly after Cannae, the Romans rallied back, declaring full
mobilization. Another dictator, M. Junius Pera, was elected to
stabilize the Republic. New legions were raised with conscripts from
previous untouched citizen classes. As the land owning population was
heavily diminished by losses to Hannibal, the Romans took advantage of
the masses. Those in debt were released from their obligations,
non-land owners were recruited and even slaves were freed to join the
legions. In so doing, the Romans also refused to pay ransoms to
Hannibal for any captured legionaries who still remained. Hannibal, it
was suggested, lost his spirit, understanding that Rome would rather
sacrifice its own than surrender anything to him. While fortune would
still be with Hannibal for some time, the war of attrition would only
benefit Rome.

Valete bene!

Cato

M. Furius Camillus Catoni S.P.D.

Hodiernus dies est ante diem IV Nonas Sextiles.

Vale !

--- On Tue, 8/2/11, Cato <catoinnyc@...> wrote:

From: Cato <catoinnyc@...>
Subject: [Nova-Roma] a.d. IV Non. Sext.
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Date: Tuesday, August 2, 2011, 4:20 PM







 









Cato omnibus in foro SPD



Hodiernus dies est ante diem IV Nones Sextiles; hic dies fastus est.



"Then there was flight in all directions; 7000 men escaped to the

smaller camp, 10,000 to the larger, and about 2000 to the village of

Cannae. These latter were at once surrounded by Carthalo and his

cavalry, as the village was quite unfortified. The other consul, who

either by accident or design had not joined any of these bodies of

fugitives, escaped with about fifty cavalry to Venusia; 45,500

infantry, 2700 cavalry - almost an equal proportion of Romans and

allies - are said to have been killed. Amongst the number were both

the quaestors attached to the consuls, L. Atilius and L. Furius

Bibulcus, twenty-nine military tribunes, several ex-consuls,

ex-praetors, and ex-aediles (amongst them are included Cn. Servilius

Geminus and M. Minucius, who was Master of the Horse the previous year

and, some years before that, consul), and in addition to these, eighty

men who had either been senators or filled offices qualifying them for

election to the senate and who had volunteered for service with the

legions. The prisoners taken in the battle are stated to have amounted

to 3000 infantry and 1500 cavalry. Never before, while the City

itself was still safe, had there been such excitement and panic within

its walls. I shall not attempt to describe it, nor will I weaken the

reality by going into details… it was not wound upon wound but

multiplied disaster that was now announced. For according to the

reports two consular armies and two consuls were lost; there was no

longer any Roman camp, any general, any single soldier in existence;

Apulia, Samnium, almost the whole of Italy lay at Hannibal's feet.

Certainly there is no other nation that would not have succumbed

beneath such a weight of calamity." - Livy, History of Rome XXII.49-50



"Such was the end of the battle of Cannae, in which both sides fought

with the most conspicuous gallantry, the conquered no less than the

conquerors. This is proved by the fact that, out of six thousand

horse, only seventy escaped with Caius Terentius to Venusia, and about

three hundred of the allied cavalry to various towns in the

neighborhood. Of the infantry ten thousand were taken prisoners in

fair fight, but were not actually engaged in the battle: of those who

were actually engaged only about three thousand perhaps escaped to the

towns of the surrounding district; all the rest died nobly, to the

number of seventy thousand, the Carthaginians being on this occasion,

as on previous ones, mainly indebted for their victory to their

superiority in cavalry: a lesson to posterity that in actual war it is

better to have half the number of infantry, and the superiority in

cavalry, than to engage your enemy with an equality in both. On the

side of Hannibal there fell four thousand Celts, fifteen hundred

Iberians and Libyans, and about two hundred horse.



The ten thousand Romans who were captured had not, as I said, been

engaged in the actual battle; and the reason was this. Lucius Aemilius

left ten thousand infantry in his camp that, in case Hannibal should

disregard the safety of his own camp, and take his whole army onto the

field, they might seize the opportunity, while the battle was going

on, of forcing their way in and capturing the enemy's baggage; or if,

on the other hand, Hannibal should, in view of this contingency, leave

a guard in his camp, the number of the enemy in the field might

thereby be diminished. These men were captured in the field in the

following circumstances. Hannibal, as a matter of fact, did leave a

sufficient guard in his camp; and as soon as the battle began, the

Romans, according to their instructions, assaulted and tried to take

those thus left by Hannibal. At first they held their own: but just as

they were beginning to waver, Hannibal, who was by this time gaining a

victory all along the line, came to their relief, and routing the

Romans, shut them up in their own camp; killed two thousand of them;

and took all the rest prisoners. In like manner the Numidian horse

brought in all those who had taken refuge in the various strongholds

about the district, amounting to two thousand of the routed cavalry."

- Polyibius, "The Roman Histories" III.117



Today is the anniversary of the Battle of Cannae, the greatest defeat

Rome ever suffered. The newly elected Roman Consuls, Gaius Terentius

Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus, who had both run on a platform of

taking the war to Hannibal, were anxious to begin their tenure with

military achievement. Counter to the delaying tactics of the Dictator

Fabius Maximus, Varro and Paulus immediately formed a large force to

deal with the Carthaginians ravaging southern Italy. While ancient

sources offer conflicting reports, it can be safe to assume that

between the two, Consuls, they levied a force of nearly 80,000 men.



Hannibal meanwhile, still attempting to subvert Roman authority in the

allied areas of Italy, was waiting for the Roman with approximately

40,000 men; Gauls, Carthaginians and Numidian cavalry. Despite the

popular conception that the elephants played a major role in the

campaign, by this time, all of his elephants had died. Hannibal,

despite his numerical inferiority had such an overwhelming strategic

edge, that he was eager to meet the new Roman challenge.

Theoretically, the Roman tactic of crushing Hannibal between two large

armies should have spelled his doom, but Hannibal's brilliance allowed

him to turn the tables once the engagement got under way.



On August 2, 216 BC, in the Apulian plain, near Cannae and near the

mouth of the Aufidus River, the 2 great armies came face to face. The

Consul Varro was in command on the first day for the Romans, as the

consuls alternated commands as they marched. Paullus, it has been

suggested, was opposed to the engagement as it was taking shape, but

regardless still brought his force to bear. The two armies positioned

their lines and soon advanced against one another.



The cavalry was to meet first on the flanks. Hasdrubal, commanding the

Numidians, quickly overpowered the inferior Romans on the right flank

and routed them. Pushing them into the river and scattering any

opposing infantry in his path, Hasdrubal dominated the right flank and

was quickly able to get in the rear of the enemy lines. While the much

superior Numidians dealt quickly with their Roman counterparts, such

was not the case with the infantry.



As Hasdrubal was routing the Roman horse, the mass of infantry on both

sides advanced towards each other in the middle of the field. The

Iberian and Gallic Celts on the Carthaginian side, while fierce, were

no match for Roman armament and close-quartered combat. Initially, the

vast numerical advantage of the Legions pushed deep into the middle of

the Carthaginians. While the Celts were pushed back, they didn't

break, however. They held as firm as they could, while Hasdrubal's

cavalry pushed around to the rear of the enemy and the Carthaginian

infantry held firm on the immediate flanks. The Romans soon found that

their success in the middle was pushing them into a potential

disaster. As they victoriously fought farther into the center of

Hannibal's lines, they were actually walking themselves right into

being completely encircled.



Just as the Romans were on the brink of crushing the enemy center, the

Carthaginian flanks were brought to bear and the pressure pinned in

the Roman advance. Hasdrubals' cavalry completed the circle by forcing

the rear of the Roman line to turn back and form a square. All around,

the massive bulk of the Roman army was forced into confined space.

Hannibal brought his archers and slingers to bear and the result in

the confines was devastating. Unable to continue the original break

through against the Celts in the center of Hannibal's lines, the

Romans were easy prey for the Carthaginians. Hannibal, with complete

fury, encouraged his own men, under fear of the lash, if they weren't

zealous enough in the slaughter.



In the midst of the battle the Consul, Paullus, was wounded (either

early or late depending on Livy or Polybius as the source). He

valiantly attempted to maintain the Roman ranks, though vainly. While

the commander of the day, Varro, fled the battle, Paullus stayed the

course trying to save his army. In the end, it was a terrible

slaughter and Paullus would be dead with the bulk of his men. Romans

trying to escape were hamstrung as they ran, so the Carthaginians

could concentrate on those who were still fighting, but allow time to

return and kill the crippled later. In a fast and furious display of

death, Hannibal ordered his men to stand down only a few short hours

after they originally encircled the enemy.



On a small strip of land where the Romans were bottled up, estimates

as high as 60,000 corpses were piled one on top of another. Another

3,000 Romans were captured and more staggered into villages

surrounding the battlefield. Hannibal, however, still trying to win

the hearts of the Italian Roman allies, once again released the

prisoners, much to the dismay of his commanders. In salute to the

fallen Paullus, Hannibal also honored him with ceremonial rituals in

recognition of his valiant actions.



In the end, perhaps only as many as 15,000 Romans managed to escape

with Varro. These survivors were later reconstituted as two units and

assigned to Sicily for the remainder of the war as punishment for

their loss. Along with Paullus, both of the Quaestors were killed, as

well as 29 out of 48 military tribunes and an additional 80 other

senators (at a time when the Roman Senate was no more than 300 men).

The rings signifying membership in the Senate and from those of

Equestrian (Knight class or the elite class after Patrician) status

were collected from the dead in baskets and later thrown onto the

floor of the Carthaginian Senate in disrespect. In contrast,

Hannibal's losses numbered only between 6,000 and 7,000 men, of whom,

these were mostly his Celtic recruits. Once again Hannibal proved

brilliant in battlefield strategy, using the enemy's tactics against

itself and routing an army twice the size of his own. In less than a

year since the disaster at Trasimenus, the Roman's greatest loss was

in history put the state into a panic. There was nothing keeping

Hannibal from sacking Rome itself at this point, other than Hannibal.

His generals again urged him to not waste any more effort and go for

the final kill, but Hannibal was reluctant. Still believing he

couldn't take Rome itself, he preferred his strategy of pursuing

revolt among the Roman allies.



Despite this tremendous loss, the following defection of many allied

cities, and the declaration of war by Philip of Macedon that was soon

to come, the Romans showed a resiliency that defined them as people.

According to Livy, "No other nation in the world could have suffered

so tremendous a series of disasters and not been overwhelmed." The

truth of that nature was self evident. While some in the Senate, such

as Lucius Caecilius Metellus were ready to abandon the Republic as a

lost cause, others like Scipio propped up the flagging Roman spirit

with encouragement and undying oaths of loyalty to Rome.



Shortly after Cannae, the Romans rallied back, declaring full

mobilization. Another dictator, M. Junius Pera, was elected to

stabilize the Republic. New legions were raised with conscripts from

previous untouched citizen classes. As the land owning population was

heavily diminished by losses to Hannibal, the Romans took advantage of

the masses. Those in debt were released from their obligations,

non-land owners were recruited and even slaves were freed to join the

legions. In so doing, the Romans also refused to pay ransoms to

Hannibal for any captured legionaries who still remained. Hannibal, it

was suggested, lost his spirit, understanding that Rome would rather

sacrifice its own than surrender anything to him. While fortune would

still be with Hannibal for some time, the war of attrition would only

benefit Rome.



Valete bene!



Cato






















[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

>
> A. Tullia Scholastica M. Furio Camillo C. Equitio Catoni quiritibus bonae
> voluntatis S.P.D.
>
>
>
> M. Furius Camillus Catoni S.P.D.
>
> Hodiernus dies est ante diem IV Nonas Sextiles.
>
> ATS: Et fortasse melius Hodie est....
>
> Vale !
>
> Valete!
>
> --- On Tue, 8/2/11, Cato <catoinnyc@... <mailto:catoinnyc%40gmail.com> >
> wrote:
>
> From: Cato <catoinnyc@... <mailto:catoinnyc%40gmail.com> >
> Subject: [Nova-Roma] a.d. IV Non. Sext.
> To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com <mailto:Nova-Roma%40yahoogroups.com>
> Date: Tuesday, August 2, 2011, 4:20 PM
>
>  
>
> Cato omnibus in foro SPD
>
> Hodiernus dies est ante diem IV Nones Sextiles; hic dies fastus est.
>
> "Then there was flight in all directions; 7000 men escaped to the
>
> smaller camp, 10,000 to the larger, and about 2000 to the village of
>
> Cannae. These latter were at once surrounded by Carthalo and his
>
> cavalry, as the village was quite unfortified. The other consul, who
>
> either by accident or design had not joined any of these bodies of
>
> fugitives, escaped with about fifty cavalry to Venusia; 45,500
>
> infantry, 2700 cavalry - almost an equal proportion of Romans and
>
> allies - are said to have been killed. Amongst the number were both
>
> the quaestors attached to the consuls, L. Atilius and L. Furius
>
> Bibulcus, twenty-nine military tribunes, several ex-consuls,
>
> ex-praetors, and ex-aediles (amongst them are included Cn. Servilius
>
> Geminus and M. Minucius, who was Master of the Horse the previous year
>
> and, some years before that, consul), and in addition to these, eighty
>
> men who had either been senators or filled offices qualifying them for
>
> election to the senate and who had volunteered for service with the
>
> legions. The prisoners taken in the battle are stated to have amounted
>
> to 3000 infantry and 1500 cavalry. Never before, while the City
>
> itself was still safe, had there been such excitement and panic within
>
> its walls. I shall not attempt to describe it, nor will I weaken the
>
> reality by going into detailsŠ it was not wound upon wound but
>
> multiplied disaster that was now announced. For according to the
>
> reports two consular armies and two consuls were lost; there was no
>
> longer any Roman camp, any general, any single soldier in existence;
>
> Apulia, Samnium, almost the whole of Italy lay at Hannibal's feet.
>
> Certainly there is no other nation that would not have succumbed
>
> beneath such a weight of calamity." - Livy, History of Rome XXII.49-50
>
> "Such was the end of the battle of Cannae, in which both sides fought
>
> with the most conspicuous gallantry, the conquered no less than the
>
> conquerors. This is proved by the fact that, out of six thousand
>
> horse, only seventy escaped with Caius Terentius to Venusia, and about
>
> three hundred of the allied cavalry to various towns in the
>
> neighborhood. Of the infantry ten thousand were taken prisoners in
>
> fair fight, but were not actually engaged in the battle: of those who
>
> were actually engaged only about three thousand perhaps escaped to the
>
> towns of the surrounding district; all the rest died nobly, to the
>
> number of seventy thousand, the Carthaginians being on this occasion,
>
> as on previous ones, mainly indebted for their victory to their
>
> superiority in cavalry: a lesson to posterity that in actual war it is
>
> better to have half the number of infantry, and the superiority in
>
> cavalry, than to engage your enemy with an equality in both. On the
>
> side of Hannibal there fell four thousand Celts, fifteen hundred
>
> Iberians and Libyans, and about two hundred horse.
>
> The ten thousand Romans who were captured had not, as I said, been
>
> engaged in the actual battle; and the reason was this. Lucius Aemilius
>
> left ten thousand infantry in his camp that, in case Hannibal should
>
> disregard the safety of his own camp, and take his whole army onto the
>
> field, they might seize the opportunity, while the battle was going
>
> on, of forcing their way in and capturing the enemy's baggage; or if,
>
> on the other hand, Hannibal should, in view of this contingency, leave
>
> a guard in his camp, the number of the enemy in the field might
>
> thereby be diminished. These men were captured in the field in the
>
> following circumstances. Hannibal, as a matter of fact, did leave a
>
> sufficient guard in his camp; and as soon as the battle began, the
>
> Romans, according to their instructions, assaulted and tried to take
>
> those thus left by Hannibal. At first they held their own: but just as
>
> they were beginning to waver, Hannibal, who was by this time gaining a
>
> victory all along the line, came to their relief, and routing the
>
> Romans, shut them up in their own camp; killed two thousand of them;
>
> and took all the rest prisoners. In like manner the Numidian horse
>
> brought in all those who had taken refuge in the various strongholds
>
> about the district, amounting to two thousand of the routed cavalry."
>
> - Polyibius, "The Roman Histories" III.117
>
> Today is the anniversary of the Battle of Cannae, the greatest defeat
>
> Rome ever suffered. The newly elected Roman Consuls, Gaius Terentius
>
> Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus, who had both run on a platform of
>
> taking the war to Hannibal, were anxious to begin their tenure with
>
> military achievement. Counter to the delaying tactics of the Dictator
>
> Fabius Maximus, Varro and Paulus immediately formed a large force to
>
> deal with the Carthaginians ravaging southern Italy. While ancient
>
> sources offer conflicting reports, it can be safe to assume that
>
> between the two, Consuls, they levied a force of nearly 80,000 men.
>
> Hannibal meanwhile, still attempting to subvert Roman authority in the
>
> allied areas of Italy, was waiting for the Roman with approximately
>
> 40,000 men; Gauls, Carthaginians and Numidian cavalry. Despite the
>
> popular conception that the elephants played a major role in the
>
> campaign, by this time, all of his elephants had died. Hannibal,
>
> despite his numerical inferiority had such an overwhelming strategic
>
> edge, that he was eager to meet the new Roman challenge.
>
> Theoretically, the Roman tactic of crushing Hannibal between two large
>
> armies should have spelled his doom, but Hannibal's brilliance allowed
>
> him to turn the tables once the engagement got under way.
>
> On August 2, 216 BC, in the Apulian plain, near Cannae and near the
>
> mouth of the Aufidus River, the 2 great armies came face to face. The
>
> Consul Varro was in command on the first day for the Romans, as the
>
> consuls alternated commands as they marched. Paullus, it has been
>
> suggested, was opposed to the engagement as it was taking shape, but
>
> regardless still brought his force to bear. The two armies positioned
>
> their lines and soon advanced against one another.
>
> The cavalry was to meet first on the flanks. Hasdrubal, commanding the
>
> Numidians, quickly overpowered the inferior Romans on the right flank
>
> and routed them. Pushing them into the river and scattering any
>
> opposing infantry in his path, Hasdrubal dominated the right flank and
>
> was quickly able to get in the rear of the enemy lines. While the much
>
> superior Numidians dealt quickly with their Roman counterparts, such
>
> was not the case with the infantry.
>
> As Hasdrubal was routing the Roman horse, the mass of infantry on both
>
> sides advanced towards each other in the middle of the field. The
>
> Iberian and Gallic Celts on the Carthaginian side, while fierce, were
>
> no match for Roman armament and close-quartered combat. Initially, the
>
> vast numerical advantage of the Legions pushed deep into the middle of
>
> the Carthaginians. While the Celts were pushed back, they didn't
>
> break, however. They held as firm as they could, while Hasdrubal's
>
> cavalry pushed around to the rear of the enemy and the Carthaginian
>
> infantry held firm on the immediate flanks. The Romans soon found that
>
> their success in the middle was pushing them into a potential
>
> disaster. As they victoriously fought farther into the center of
>
> Hannibal's lines, they were actually walking themselves right into
>
> being completely encircled.
>
> Just as the Romans were on the brink of crushing the enemy center, the
>
> Carthaginian flanks were brought to bear and the pressure pinned in
>
> the Roman advance. Hasdrubals' cavalry completed the circle by forcing
>
> the rear of the Roman line to turn back and form a square. All around,
>
> the massive bulk of the Roman army was forced into confined space.
>
> Hannibal brought his archers and slingers to bear and the result in
>
> the confines was devastating. Unable to continue the original break
>
> through against the Celts in the center of Hannibal's lines, the
>
> Romans were easy prey for the Carthaginians. Hannibal, with complete
>
> fury, encouraged his own men, under fear of the lash, if they weren't
>
> zealous enough in the slaughter.
>
> In the midst of the battle the Consul, Paullus, was wounded (either
>
> early or late depending on Livy or Polybius as the source). He
>
> valiantly attempted to maintain the Roman ranks, though vainly. While
>
> the commander of the day, Varro, fled the battle, Paullus stayed the
>
> course trying to save his army. In the end, it was a terrible
>
> slaughter and Paullus would be dead with the bulk of his men. Romans
>
> trying to escape were hamstrung as they ran, so the Carthaginians
>
> could concentrate on those who were still fighting, but allow time to
>
> return and kill the crippled later. In a fast and furious display of
>
> death, Hannibal ordered his men to stand down only a few short hours
>
> after they originally encircled the enemy.
>
> On a small strip of land where the Romans were bottled up, estimates
>
> as high as 60,000 corpses were piled one on top of another. Another
>
> 3,000 Romans were captured and more staggered into villages
>
> surrounding the battlefield. Hannibal, however, still trying to win
>
> the hearts of the Italian Roman allies, once again released the
>
> prisoners, much to the dismay of his commanders. In salute to the
>
> fallen Paullus, Hannibal also honored him with ceremonial rituals in
>
> recognition of his valiant actions.
>
> In the end, perhaps only as many as 15,000 Romans managed to escape
>
> with Varro. These survivors were later reconstituted as two units and
>
> assigned to Sicily for the remainder of the war as punishment for
>
> their loss. Along with Paullus, both of the Quaestors were killed, as
>
> well as 29 out of 48 military tribunes and an additional 80 other
>
> senators (at a time when the Roman Senate was no more than 300 men).
>
> The rings signifying membership in the Senate and from those of
>
> Equestrian (Knight class or the elite class after Patrician) status
>
> were collected from the dead in baskets and later thrown onto the
>
> floor of the Carthaginian Senate in disrespect. In contrast,
>
> Hannibal's losses numbered only between 6,000 and 7,000 men, of whom,
>
> these were mostly his Celtic recruits. Once again Hannibal proved
>
> brilliant in battlefield strategy, using the enemy's tactics against
>
> itself and routing an army twice the size of his own. In less than a
>
> year since the disaster at Trasimenus, the Roman's greatest loss was
>
> in history put the state into a panic. There was nothing keeping
>
> Hannibal from sacking Rome itself at this point, other than Hannibal.
>
> His generals again urged him to not waste any more effort and go for
>
> the final kill, but Hannibal was reluctant. Still believing he
>
> couldn't take Rome itself, he preferred his strategy of pursuing
>
> revolt among the Roman allies.
>
> Despite this tremendous loss, the following defection of many allied
>
> cities, and the declaration of war by Philip of Macedon that was soon
>
> to come, the Romans showed a resiliency that defined them as people.
>
> According to Livy, "No other nation in the world could have suffered
>
> so tremendous a series of disasters and not been overwhelmed." The
>
> truth of that nature was self evident. While some in the Senate, such
>
> as Lucius Caecilius Metellus were ready to abandon the Republic as a
>
> lost cause, others like Scipio propped up the flagging Roman spirit
>
> with encouragement and undying oaths of loyalty to Rome.
>
> Shortly after Cannae, the Romans rallied back, declaring full
>
> mobilization. Another dictator, M. Junius Pera, was elected to
>
> stabilize the Republic. New legions were raised with conscripts from
>
> previous untouched citizen classes. As the land owning population was
>
> heavily diminished by losses to Hannibal, the Romans took advantage of
>
> the masses. Those in debt were released from their obligations,
>
> non-land owners were recruited and even slaves were freed to join the
>
> legions. In so doing, the Romans also refused to pay ransoms to
>
> Hannibal for any captured legionaries who still remained. Hannibal, it
>
> was suggested, lost his spirit, understanding that Rome would rather
>
> sacrifice its own than surrender anything to him. While fortune would
>
> still be with Hannibal for some time, the war of attrition would only
>
> benefit Rome.
>
> Valete bene!
>
> Cato
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Sta. Cornelia Aeternia Omnibus in foro S.P.D.


I do know this has been changed quite a bit, but life has continued to get
in the way... But I have done every effort to make this North American
Conventus truly happen..


The North American Conventus will be taking place Novemember 24-27th in
Phoenix AZ.. We are currently looking at the El Zaribah Shrine, Phoenix
Arizona, (a Shriner's Hall) as the Official Location of the Conventus, we
are looking at Hotels that are close by so the commute will not be
difficult.

There will be a 25$ Registration Fee these funds will be applied to the
rental of the Shriners Hall.

Everyone worldwide is cordially invited :-)


The following activities will be taking place during the Conventus:

Thanksgiving Dinner

A Latinitas Presentation by Augur & Magister C. Tullius Valerianus

"Cooking With Pulchra" presented by Plebian Aedile C. Valeria Pulchra

Q& A regarding the Cultus Deorum by Q. Caecilius Metellus Postumianus Pius

Presentation about NR's Finances by Senator and CFO L. Cornelius Sulla


Special Addendum: If anyone who plans on attending the Conventus wishes to
present a presentation of something, please let me know in advance. So that
it may be added to the Itinerary.

Special Addendum: Although its strongly encouraged to come attired in Roman
garb, it's not mandatory.....

There will be also other goodies...


So with that in mind, I ask the support of our most finest citizens to aid
in this endeavor: Our Consuls, Praetors, Our College of Pontiffs, our most
beloved Vestal, fellow Magistrates, and the members of the Senate to attend
this Conventus.


There will be commaderie and goodies galore, so come attend and be Merry!

Vale quam Optime,
Statia Cornelia Aeternia (Curulis Aedilis Maior)


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve, Salvete Omnes:


Big huge Mea Culpa.. I realized this was accidentally sent on a Dies Ater.

Please disregard this, and I will repost this upon the morn.


Vale et Valete Bene,
Statia Cornelia Aeternia

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem III Nonas Sextiles; haec dies comitialis est.

"For when the sun was suddenly obscured and darkness reigned, and the
Athenians were overwhelmed with the greatest terror. Pericles, who was
then supreme among his countrymen in influence, eloquence, and wisdom,
is said to have communicated to his fellow-citizens the information he
had received from Anaxagoras, whose pupil he had been -- that this
phenomenon occurs at fixed periods and by inevitable law, whenever the
moon passes entirely beneath the orb of the sun." - Cicero, De Rerum
Naturae; on this day in 431 BC an eclipse occurred.

"And Leto was joined in love with Zeus who holds the aigis, and bare
Apollon and Artemis Iokheaira (delighting in arrows), children lovely
above all the sons of Heaven." - Hesiod, Theogony 918

"Blessed Leto, you bare glorious children, the lord Apollon and
Artemis Iokheaira (who delights in arrows); her in Ortygia, and him in
rocky Delos." - Homeric Hymn 3 to Delian Apollo

"Neat-ankled Leto bare children [Apollon & Artemis] supreme among the
immortals both in thought and in deed." - Homeric Hymn 27 to Artemis
14

"Hail. O heaven-built isle, most lovely scion of the children of
bright-haired Leto, O daughter of the sea, thou unmoved marvel of the
spacious earth, by mortal men called Delos, but by the blessed gods of
Olympos known as the far-seen star (astra) of the dark-blue sea ...
For aforetime, that isle was tossed on the waves by all manner of
whirling winds; but, when Leto, the daughter of Koios, in the frenzy
of her imminent pangs of travail, set foot on her, then it was that
four lofty pillars rose from the roots of earth, and on their capitals
held up the rock with their adamantine bases. There it was that she
gave birth to, and beheld, her blessed offspring [Apollon and
Artemis]." - Pindar, Processional Song on Delos

"Artemis became a practised huntress [after her birth] and remained a
virgin." - Apollodorus, The Library 1.21

"[Artemis] sitting on her father's knees - still a little maid - she
spake these words to her sire [Zeus]: `Give me to keep my maidenhood,
Father, forever ... And her father smiled and bowed assent." -
Callimachus, Hymn 3 to Artemis

"And both Athene and Artemis ... made the same choice of maidenhood as
had Kore and were reared together with her." - Diodorus Siculus,
Library of History 5.2.3

In Greece today was the Festival of Artemis, known to the Romans as
Diana. Artemis is the virgin daughter of Zeus and Leto (Latona), by
the common account born a twin-sister of Apollo, and just before him,
at Delos. The Ortygia named in another tradition as her birthplace was
interpreted to mean Delos, though several other places where the
worship of Artemis had long prevailed put forward pretensions to that
name and its mythological renown, especially the well-known island of
Ortygia off Syracuse. She, as well as her mother, was worshipped
jointly with her brother at Delos, Delphi, and all the most venerable
spots where Apollo was honoured. She is armed, as he is, with bow and
arrows, which, like him, and often together with him, she wields
against monsters and giants; hence the pæan was chanted to her as well
as to him. Like those of Apollo, the shafts of Artemis were regarded
as the cause of sudden death, especially to maidens and wives. But she
was also a beneficent and helpful deity. As Apollo is the luminous god
of day, she with her torch is a goddess of light by night, and in
course of time becomes identified with all possible goddesses of moon
and night.

Her proper domain is that of nature, with its hills and valleys,
woods, meadows, rivers, and fountains; there, amid her nymphs, herself
the fairest and tallest, she is a mighty huntress, sometimes chasing
wild animals, sometimes dancing, playing, or bathing with her
companions. Her favourite haunt was thought to be the mountains and
forests of Arcadia, where, in many spots, she had sanctuaries,
consecrated hunting-grounds, and sacred animals. To her, as goddess of
the forest and the chase, all beasts of the woods and fields --in
fact, all game -- were dear and sacred; but her favourite animal was
held all over Greece to be the hind. From this sacred animal and the
hunting of it, the month which the other Greeks called Artemision or
Artemisios (March-April) was named by the Athenians Elaphebolion, and
her festival as goddess of game and hunting, at which deer or cakes in
the shape of deer were offered up, Elaphebolia. As goddess of the
chase, she had also some influence in war, and the Spartans before
battle sought her favour by the gift of a she-goat. Miltiades, too,
before the battle of Marathon, had vowed to her as many goats as there
should be enemies fallen on the field; but the number proving so great
that the vow could not be kept, five hundred goats were sacrificed at
each anniversary of the victory in the month of Boedromion. Again, she
was much worshipped as the goddess of the moon. At Amarynthus in
Euboea the whole island kept holiday to her with processions and
prize-fights. At Munychia in Attica, at full moon in the month of
Munychion (April-May), large round loaves or cakes, decked all around
with lights as a symbol of her own luminary, were borne in procession
and presented to her; and at the same time was solemnized the festival
of the victory of Salamis in Cyprus, because on that occasion the
goddess had shone in her full glory on the Greeks. An ancient shrine
of the Moon-goddess at Brauron in Attica was held in such veneration
that the Brauronia, originally a merely local festival, was afterwards
made a public ceremony, to which Athens itself sent deputies every
five years, and a precinct was dedicated to "Artemis of Brauron" on
the Acropolis itself. At this feast the girls between five and ten
years of age, clad in saffron-coloured garments, were conducted by
their mothers in procession to the goddess and commended to her care;
for Artemis is also a protectress of youth, especially those of her
own sex. As such she patronized a nurses' festival at Sparta in a
temple outside the town, to which little boys were brought by their
nurses; while the Ionians at their Apaturia presented her with the
hair of boys. Almost everywhere young girls revered the virgin goddess
as the guardian of their maiden years, and before marriage they
offered up to her a lock of their hair, their girdle, and their maiden
garment. She was also worshipped in many parts as the goddess of good
repute, especially in youths and maidens, and was regarded as an enemy
of all disorderly doings.

With her attributes as the goddess of the moon, and as the promoter of
healthy development, especially in the female frame, is connected the
notion of her assisting in childbirth. In early times human
sacrifices had been offered to Artemis. A relic of this was the yearly
custom observed at Sparta of flogging the boys till they bled at the
altar of a deity not unknown elsewhere and named Artemis Orthia (the
upright), probably from her stiff posture in the antiquated wooden
image. At Sparta, as in other places, the ancient image was looked
upon as the same which Iphigenia and Orestes brought away from Tauris
(the Crimea) -- viz., that of the Tanric Artemis, a Scythian deity who
was identified with Artemis because of the human sacrifices common in
her worship. The Artemis of Ephesus, too, so greatly honoured by all
the Ionians of Asia (Acts, xix. 28), is no Greek divinity, but
Asiatic.

Valete bene!

Cato

EDICTUM CENSORIS IULII SABINI DE OFFICIO CENSORIS

1. Gaius Petronius Dexter and Gaius Marcius Crispus are appointed as senior scribae of my cohors.

2. Gaius Marcius Crispus has attributions in Officium approbationum et communicationis and Officium civium novorum. Primary language: English.

3. Gaius Petronius Dexter has attributions in Officium Civium Novorum. Primary languages: French and Latin. Secondary language: English.

4. Gaius Petronius Dexter is appointed as Consiliarius onomasticus.

5. Attributions for functions are described in my first edict about the censorial office (message 82761 - NR main list).

6. No oath shall be required

7. For dedication and good work, scriba censoris, Lucia Iulia Aquila is advanced to senior scriba censoris position.

8. For dedication, good and continuous work, caput officii censorii, senior scriba censoris and consiliaria onomiatica, Aula Tullia Scholastica, receive public thanks. Her commitments are paramount and strongly appreciated.

8. This edict takes effect immediately.

Given under my hand this 3th day of August 2764 a.U.c. in the consulship of P. Ullerius and C. Equitius coss.

T. Iulius Sabinus
Censor

Gaius Tullius Valerianus Germanicus Augur et Tribunus Plebis omnibus in his
foris S.P.D.

*Salvete, omnes!* On this day auspices were taken for the third Nova
Roman North American Conventus and found to be very favorable! *Aves
admittunt! *The favorable results of the auspices were announced to Statia
Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia Aedilis Curulis earlier today. The
Conventus has the approval of our gods; may we continue to enjoy their
favor!

On behalf of the College of Augurs, I formally invite all Romans to
plan to attend the North American Conventus 2011, to be held from a.d. VIII
Kal. Dec. to a.d. V Kal. Dec. (November 24th to 27th) in Phoenix, Arizona,
in Provincia American Austroccidentalis. I especially hope to see as many as
possible of our magistrates and priests attending and giving their support
to this important meeting of Nova Romans! I shall be on hand to represent
both the College of Augurs and the Plebs in my capacity as Tribune!

Details on registration and events will soon be forthcoming from our
Curule Aedile Aeternia, but as many Romans as can possibly come should save
the dates now for November!

*Valete omnes!*
*
*
Data Phoenice a.d. III Nonas Sextiles, anno A.U.C. MMDCCLXIV (P. Ullerio C.
Equitio coss.)


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Sta. Cornelia Valeriana Juliana Aeternia C. Tullio Valeriano Germanico
Auguri et Omnibusque S.P.D.


Huzzah! Errr Optime! Fortuna has smiled upon on my most labored project of
this year.

Gratias tibi ago care amice! Everyone come join us and be merry!!!

Vale bene,
Sta. Cornelia Aeternia

*"Fortes fortuna iuvat"*


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est pridie Nonas Sextiles; haec dies comitialis est.

"Remember, Roman, that it is for thee to rule the nations. This shall
be thy task, to impose the ways of peace, to spare the vanquished, and
to tame the proud by war." - Polybius, "The Roman Histories" 6.11-18

"Though all the world exclaim against me, I will say what I think:
that single little book of the Twelve Tables, if anyone look to the
fountains and sources of laws, seems to me, assuredly, to surpass the
libraries of all the philosophers, both in weight of authority, and in
plenitude of utility." - Cicero, de Oratore I.44

"The Greek cities are thought to have flourished mainly on account of
the felicitous choice made by their founders, in regard to the beauty
and strength of their sites, their proximity to some haven, and the
fineness of the country. But the Roman prudence was more particularly
employed on matters which have received but little attention from the
Greeks---such as paving their roads, constructing aqueducts, and
sewers. In fact they have paved the roads, cut through hills, and
filled up valleys, so that the merchandise may be conveyed by carriage
from the ports. The sewers, arched over with hewn stones, are large
enough in parts for actual hay wagons to pass through, while so
plentiful is the supply of water from the aqueducts, that rivers may
be said to flow through the city and the sewers, and almost every
house is furnished with water pipes and copious fountains.

We may remark that the ancients [of Republican times] bestowed little
attention upon the beautifying of Rome. But their successors, and
especially those of our own day, have at the same time embellished the
city with numerous and splendid objects. Pompey, the Divine Caesar
[i.e. Julius Caesar], and Augustus, with his children, friends, wife,
and sister have surpassed all others in their zeal and munificence in
these decorations. The greater number of these may be seen in the
Campus Martius which to the beauties of nature adds those of art. The
size of the plain is remarkable, allowing chariot races and the
equestrian sports without hindrance, and multitudes [here] exercise
themselves with ball games, in the Circus, and on the wrestling
grounds. The structures that surround [the Campus], the greensward
covered with herbage all the year around, the summit of the hills
beyond the Tiber, extending from its banks with panoramic effect,
present a spectacle which the eye abandons with regret.

Near to this plain is another surrounded with columns, sacred groves,
three theaters, an amphitheater, and superb temples, each close to the
other, and so splendid that it would seem idle to describe the rest of
the city after it. For this cause the Romans esteeming it the most
sacred place, have erected funeral monuments there to the illustrious
persons of either sex. The most remarkable of these is that called the
"Mausoleum" [the tomb of Augustus] which consists of a mound of earth
raised upon a high foundation of white marble, situated near the
river, and covered on the top with evergreen shrubs. Upon the summit
is a bronze statue of Augustus Caesar, and beneath the mound are the
funeral urns of himself, his relatives, and his friends. Behind is a
large grove containing charming promenades. In the center of the plain
[the Campus Martius] is the spot where this prince was reduced to
ashes. It is surrounded by a double enclosure, one of marble, the
other of iron, and planted within with poplars. If thence you proceed
to visit the ancient Forum, which is equally filled with basilicas,
porticoes, and temples, you will there behold the Capitol, the
Palatine, and the noble works that adorn them, and the piazza of
Livia, each successive work causing you speedily to forget that which
you have seen before. Such then is Rome!

In Rome there is continual need of wood and stone for ceaseless
building caused by the frequent falling down of houses, and on account
of conflagrations and of sales which seem never to cease. These sales
are a kind of voluntary falling-down of houses, each owner knocking
down and rebuilding according to his individual taste. For these
purposes the numerous quarries, forests, and rivers in the region
which convey the materials, offer wonderful facilities." - Strabo

Valete bene!

Cato

Salvete quiritibus, salutem plurimam dicit

From Cicero De Senectute:

XXIII 83/84

"Et si quis deus mihi largiatur, ut ex hac aetate repuerascam et in cunis vagiam, valde recusem, nec vero velim quasi decurso spatio ad carceres a calce revocari. Quid habet enim vita commodi? Quid non potius laboris? Sed habeat sane, habet certe tamen aut satietatem aut modum. Non lubet enim mihi deplorare vitam, quod multi, et ei docti, saepe fecerunt, neque me vixisse paenitet, quoniam ita vixi, ut non frustra me natum existimem, ut ex vita ita discedo tamquam ex hospitio, non tamquam e domo. Commorandi enim natura devorsorium nobis, non habitandi dedit. O praeclarum diem, cum in illud divinum animorum concilium coetumque proficiscar cumque ex hac turba et conluvione discedam!"

"Nay, if some god should grant me to renew my childhood from my present age and once more to be crying in my cradle, I would firmly refuse; nor should I in truth be willing, after having, as it were, run the full course, to be recalled from the winning-crease to the barriers. For what blessing has life to offer? Should we not rather say, what labour? But granting that it has, at any rate it has after all a limit either to enjoyment or to existence. I don't wish to depreciate life, as many men and good philosophers have often done; nor do I regret having lived, for I have done so in a way that lets me think that I was not born in vain. But I quit life as I would an inn, not as I would a home. For nature has given us a place of entertainment, not of residence. Oh, glorious day when I shall set out to join that heavenly conclave and company of souls, and depart from the turmoil and impurities of this world!"

Optime valete,

Julia
Nashvillae Scribebat
a.d. Prid. Nonas Sextiles MMDCCLXIV

Gaius Tullius Valerianus Germanicus omnibus in his foris S.P.D.

*Salvete omnes! *I wanted to share with you all a project on
which my *familia
*is working: a wiki for our family! I found out that they be designed for
free, and are fairly easy to build (I am not a "computer person," so if I
can do it, anyone can!).

The original inspiration for this was that my wife and I were revising
our family's calendar of holidays and observances. For those of you less
familiar with the *cultus deorum, *every family has its own *sacra
privata *that
are independent of the *sacra publica *of the Nova Roman Republic. Until
recently, I always kept things like our calendar and patron deities and such
on paper, which was convenient, but difficult to update and revise. But I
decided to try to revise it in an electronic format, and the results have
been *awesome! *We now have our *fasti *on a wiki, with links to separate
pages for the festivals and observances most important to our family.

You can see the wiki for the Familia Tulllia Valeriana at:
http://familia-tullia-valeriana.wikispaces.com/ Please keep in mind that it
*is *a work in progress - not all of the pages within the wiki are more than
a couple of words, yet. But you can see the potential! I think it would be
great if eventually every Nova Roman *familia *had its own website (many
years ago, most of the *gentes *had their own websites, but most of these
are as defunct as our old *gens *system).

I would appreciate any ideas or feedback from any Nova Romans! These may be
our family's private pages, but we are excited enough about the concept and
its possibilities that we decided to share them with the Nova Roman public!

*Valete omnes! *


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

i finally got my bagpipes and wanted you all to see me play, this has nothing to do with ancient rome (that i know of)
 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjaoBXFCzW0
 
here is me playing

"Consider your origin, you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow virtue and knowledge.”
 
                                                                                                                               Dante Alighieri 
 
Ti. Aurelius Trio

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Sta. Cornelia Aeternia Omnibus in foro S.P.D.

I remembered this needed to be reposted due the error of before.


I do know this has been changed quite a bit, but life has continued to get
in the way... But I have done every effort to make this North American
Conventus truly happen..


The North American Conventus will be taking place Novemember 24-27th in
Phoenix AZ.. We are currently looking at the El Zaribah Shrine, Phoenix
Arizona, (a Shriner's Hall) as the Official Location of the Conventus, we
are looking at Hotels that are close by so the commute will not be
difficult.

There will be a 25$ Registration Fee these funds will be applied to the
rental of the Shriners Hall.

Everyone worldwide is cordially invited :-)


The following activities will be taking place during the Conventus:

Thanksgiving Dinner

A Latinitas Presentation by Augur & Magister C. Tullius Valerianus

"Cooking With Pulchra" presented by Plebian Aedile C. Valeria Pulchra

Q& A regarding the Cultus Deorum by Q. Caecilius Metellus Postumianus Pius

Presentation about NR's Finances by Senator and CFO L. Cornelius Sulla


Special Addendum: If anyone who plans on attending the Conventus wishes to
present a presentation of something, please let me know in advance. So that
it may be added to the Itinerary.

Special Addendum: Although its strongly encouraged to come attired in Roman
garb, it's not mandatory.....

There will be also other goodies...


So with that in mind, I ask the support of our most finest citizens to aid
in this endeavor: Our Consuls, Praetors, Our College of Pontiffs, our most
beloved Vestal, fellow Magistrates, and the members of the Senate to attend
this Conventus.


There will be commaderie and goodies galore, so come attend and be Merry!

Vale quam Optime,
Statia Cornelia Aeternia (Curulis Aedilis Maior)




--
*"Fortes fortuna iuvat"*


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Ave Trio!

Bene!

Pretty good for playing just a week but I suspect you have some experience in wind instruments, but still it good!

Optime vale,

Julia

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, jeffery craft <warbuff_4@...> wrote:
>
> i finally got my bagpipes and wanted you all to see me play, this has nothing to do with ancient rome (that i know of)
>  
> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjaoBXFCzW0
>  
> here is me playing
>
> "Consider your origin, you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow virtue and knowledge.”
>  
>                                                                                                                                Dante Alighieri 
>  
> Ti. Aurelius Trio
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Q Caecilius Metellus pontifex Quiritibus salutem plurimam dicit.

Saluete, Quirites.

After a bit of a hiatus, what follows is the nundinal calendar for
the nineteenth full nundinum of the current sacral year, beginning 05
August 2011 and continuing through 13 August 2011. Any questions had
will be gladly answered.

Our nineteenth nundinum of the year consists of the following nine days:

- 05 Aug 2011 (Non. Sex.): the day is fastus
- 06 Aug 2011 (a.d. VIII Id. Sex.): fastus, and a dies ater.
- 07 Aug 2011 (a.d. VII Id. Sex.): the day is comitialis
- 08 Aug 2011 (a.d. VI Id. Sex): the day is comitialis
- 09 Aug 2011 (a.d. V Id. Sex.): the day is comitialis
- 10 Aug 2011 (a.d. IV Id. Sex.): the day is comitialis
- 11 Aug 2011 (a.d. III Id. Sex.): the day is comitialis
- 12 Aug 2011 (pr. Id. Sex.): the day is comitialis
- 13 Aug 2011 (Id. Sex.): the day is nefastus publicus

This nundinum, as a number of the previous nundina, show no great
public sacra in the calendars of Antiquity. The upcoming nundina,
however, contain a few, among them the Portunalia, Volcanalia, and
Volturnalia, each to deities represented in the flamonia of Antiquity.

Romani pietatis exemplum sint.

pridie Nonas Sextiles
Phoenice, Arizonae scr.
P Ullerio C Equitio coss.


--
Software suppliers are trying to make their software packages more
"user-friendly". ... Their best approach, so far, has been to take all
the old brochures, and stamp the words, "user-friendly" on the cover.
-- Bill Gates, Microsoft, Inc.
[Pot. Kettle. Black.]

salve,
before i played bagpipes, i had no prior experience with wind instruments.
 its very difficult
vale
"Consider your origin, you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow virtue and knowledge.”
 
                                                                                                                               Dante Alighieri 
 
Ti. Aurelius Trio

From: luciaiuliaaquila <luciaiuliaaquila@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Thursday, August 4, 2011 10:03 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Re: bagpipes


 
Ave Trio!

Bene!

Pretty good for playing just a week but I suspect you have some experience in wind instruments, but still it good!

Optime vale,

Julia

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, jeffery craft <warbuff_4@...> wrote:
>
> i finally got my bagpipes and wanted you all to see me play, this has nothing to do with ancient rome (that i know of)
>  
> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjaoBXFCzW0
>  
> here is me playing
>
> "Consider your origin, you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow virtue and knowledge.”
>  
>                                                                                                                                Dante Alighieri 
>  
> Ti. Aurelius Trio
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve,
Some claimthat the bagpipes got their origin from the military trumpets of the
Roman legions... not sure if true. Good show.
Vale,
C. Pompeius Marcellus


On Fri, 05 Aug 2011 02:03:50 -0000
"luciaiuliaaquila" <luciaiuliaaquila@...> wrote:

> Ave Trio!
>
> Bene!
>
> Pretty good for playing just a week but I suspect you have some experience
>in wind instruments, but still it good!
>
> Optime vale,
>
> Julia
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, jeffery craft <warbuff_4@...> wrote:
>>
>> i finally got my bagpipes and wanted you all to see me play, this has
>>nothing to do with ancient rome (that i know of)
>>  
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjaoBXFCzW0
>>  
>> here is me playing
>>
>> "Consider your origin, you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow
>>virtue and knowledge.�
>>  
>>                                                                                                                                Dante Alighieri 
>>  
>> Ti. Aurelius Trio
>>
>> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>>

salve,
anything is possible, thank you.
vale

"Consider your origin, you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow virtue and knowledge.”
 
                                                                                                                               Dante Alighieri 
 
Ti. Aurelius Trio

From: James V Hooper <warrior44_us@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, August 5, 2011 10:05 AM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: bagpipes


 
Salve,
Some claimthat the bagpipes got their origin from the military trumpets of the
Roman legions... not sure if true. Good show.
Vale,
C. Pompeius Marcellus

On Fri, 05 Aug 2011 02:03:50 -0000
"luciaiuliaaquila" <luciaiuliaaquila@...> wrote:

> Ave Trio!
>
> Bene!
>
> Pretty good for playing just a week but I suspect you have some experience
>in wind instruments, but still it good!
>
> Optime vale,
>
> Julia
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, jeffery craft <warbuff_4@...> wrote:
>>
>> i finally got my bagpipes and wanted you all to see me play, this has
>>nothing to do with ancient rome (that i know of)
>>  
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjaoBXFCzW0
>>  
>> here is me playing
>>
>> "Consider your origin, you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow
>>virtue and knowledge.�
>>  
>>                                                                                                                                Dante Alighieri 
>>  
>> Ti. Aurelius Trio
>>
>> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salvete!

I have always loved the music of the pipes! There is something evocative about them that draws me in, every time. Great that you are learning how to invoke their magic, (smile)
Valete!
C. Maria Caeca

----- Original Message -----
From: James V Hooper
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, August 05, 2011 10:05 AM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: bagpipes



Salve,
Some claimthat the bagpipes got their origin from the military trumpets of the
Roman legions... not sure if true. Good show.
Vale,
C. Pompeius Marcellus

On Fri, 05 Aug 2011 02:03:50 -0000
"luciaiuliaaquila" <luciaiuliaaquila@...> wrote:
> Ave Trio!
>
> Bene!
>
> Pretty good for playing just a week but I suspect you have some experience
>in wind instruments, but still it good!
>
> Optime vale,
>
> Julia
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, jeffery craft <warbuff_4@...> wrote:
>>
>> i finally got my bagpipes and wanted you all to see me play, this has
>>nothing to do with ancient rome (that i know of)
>> Â
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjaoBXFCzW0
>> Â
>> here is me playing
>>
>> "Consider your origin, you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow
>>virtue and knowledge.�
>> Â
>>                                                                                                                                Dante AlighieriÂ
>> Â
>> Ti. Aurelius Trio
>>
>> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>>





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

salvete,
thank you, i just got really bored playing the norm of instruments and decided to play the odd one
 vale
"Consider your origin, you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow virtue and knowledge.”
 
                                                                                                                               Dante Alighieri 
 
Ti. Aurelius Trio

From: C.Maria Caeca <c.mariacaeca@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, August 5, 2011 10:26 AM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: bagpipes


 
Salvete!

I have always loved the music of the pipes! There is something evocative about them that draws me in, every time. Great that you are learning how to invoke their magic, (smile)
Valete!
C. Maria Caeca

----- Original Message -----
From: James V Hooper
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, August 05, 2011 10:05 AM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Re: bagpipes

Salve,
Some claimthat the bagpipes got their origin from the military trumpets of the
Roman legions... not sure if true. Good show.
Vale,
C. Pompeius Marcellus

On Fri, 05 Aug 2011 02:03:50 -0000
"luciaiuliaaquila" <luciaiuliaaquila@...> wrote:
> Ave Trio!
>
> Bene!
>
> Pretty good for playing just a week but I suspect you have some experience
>in wind instruments, but still it good!
>
> Optime vale,
>
> Julia
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, jeffery craft <warbuff_4@...> wrote:
>>
>> i finally got my bagpipes and wanted you all to see me play, this has
>>nothing to do with ancient rome (that i know of)
>> Â
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjaoBXFCzW0
>> Â
>> here is me playing
>>
>> "Consider your origin, you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow
>>virtue and knowledge.�
>> Â
>>                                                                                                                                Dante AlighieriÂ
>> Â
>> Ti. Aurelius Trio
>>
>> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

M. Furius Camillus Catoni S.P.D.

Cave amice : "Hodie NONIS SEXTILIBUS..."

Cura ut valeas.

--- On Fri, 8/5/11, Cato <catoinnyc@...> wrote:

From: Cato <catoinnyc@...>
Subject: [Nova-Roma] NONAE SEXTILIIS
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Date: Friday, August 5, 2011, 4:14 PM







 









Cato omnibus in foro SPD



Hodiernus dies est Nonae Sextiliis; hic dies fastus est.



"Asklepios, the most famous god - ie Paian! By him were fathered ...

children of Epione, along with Hygieia (Health), all-glorious,

undefiled ... Greetings I give you [Asklepios]: graciously visit our

widespaced city - ie Paian! - and grant that we look on the sun's

light in joy, approved with the help of Hygieia, all-glorious,

undefiled: ie Paian!" - Greek Lyric V Anonymous, Fragments 939

(Inscription from Erythrai)



"Bright-eyed mother, highest queen of Apollon's golden throne,

desirable, gently-laughing Hygeia." - Greek Lyric V Licymnius Frag 769

(from Sextus Empiricus, "Against the Ethicists"")



"Hygeia, most revered of the blessed ones among mortals, may I dwell

with you for what is left of my life, and may you graciously keep

company with me: for any joy in wealth or in children or in a king's

godlike rule over men or in the desires which we hunt with the hidden

nets of Aphrodite, any other delight or respite from toils that has

been revealed by the gods to men, with you, blessed Hygeia, it

flourishes and shines in the converse of the Kharites; and without you

no man is happy." - Greek Lyric V Ariphron, Frag 813 (from Athenaeus,

Scholars at Dinner)



"He [the corrupt physician] made a pretence of dispending the

celebrated potion called by more learned people `The Health Offering'

(Salus Sacra), a drug necessary for easing gastric pains and

dissolving bile; but in its place he substituted another draught, `The

Death Offering' (Proserpina Sacra)." - Apuleius, The Golden Ass 10.25



This day was dedicated to Salus, the abstract deification of Health

and Wealth. Salus was a Roman goddess who may originally have been a

fertility and agricultural goddess but who was known as a

personification of health and preservation. Salus is associated with

the Greek goddess Hygeia. She was called Salus Publica Populi Romani

and was often shown on coins feeding a snake. Early coins show Hygeia

with ears of ceral crops. From the name salus comes our word

salubrious, meaning good health. A temple to Salus was consecrated on

the Quirinal.



Valete bene!



Cato






















[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salvete,
no, bagpipes originate from the roman tibia and the greek aulos. The bag was
added in the Middle Ages, and makes it easier to obtain a continuous osund
without circular breathing.
Valete,
Livia

> Salve,
> Some claimthat the bagpipes got their origin from the military trumpets of
> the
> Roman legions... not sure if true. Good show.
> Vale,
> C. Pompeius Marcellus
>
>
> On Fri, 05 Aug 2011 02:03:50 -0000
> "luciaiuliaaquila" <luciaiuliaaquila@...> wrote:
>> Ave Trio!
>>
>> Bene!
>>
>> Pretty good for playing just a week but I suspect you have some
>> experience
>>in wind instruments, but still it good!
>>
>> Optime vale,
>>
>> Julia
>>
>> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, jeffery craft <warbuff_4@...> wrote:
>>>
>>> i finally got my bagpipes and wanted you all to see me play, this has
>>>nothing to do with ancient rome (that i know of)
>>> Â
>>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjaoBXFCzW0
>>> Â
>>> here is me playing
>>>
>>> "Consider your origin, you were not born to live like brutes, but to
>>> follow
>>>virtue and knowledge.â??
>>> Â
>>> Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
>>> Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
>>> Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
>>>                    Dante AlighieriÂ
>>> Â
>>> Ti. Aurelius Trio
>>>
>>> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>>>
>
>

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est Nonis Sextilibus; hic dies fastus est.

"Asklepios, the most famous god - ie Paian! By him were fathered ...
children of Epione, along with Hygieia (Health), all-glorious,
undefiled ... Greetings I give you [Asklepios]: graciously visit our
widespaced city - ie Paian! - and grant that we look on the sun's
light in joy, approved with the help of Hygieia, all-glorious,
undefiled: ie Paian!" - Greek Lyric V Anonymous, Fragments 939
(Inscription from Erythrai)

"Bright-eyed mother, highest queen of Apollon's golden throne,
desirable, gently-laughing Hygeia." - Greek Lyric V Licymnius Frag 769
(from Sextus Empiricus, "Against the Ethicists"")

"Hygeia, most revered of the blessed ones among mortals, may I dwell
with you for what is left of my life, and may you graciously keep
company with me: for any joy in wealth or in children or in a king's
godlike rule over men or in the desires which we hunt with the hidden
nets of Aphrodite, any other delight or respite from toils that has
been revealed by the gods to men, with you, blessed Hygeia, it
flourishes and shines in the converse of the Kharites; and without you
no man is happy." - Greek Lyric V Ariphron, Frag 813 (from Athenaeus,
Scholars at Dinner)

"He [the corrupt physician] made a pretence of dispending the
celebrated potion called by more learned people `The Health Offering'
(Salus Sacra), a drug necessary for easing gastric pains and
dissolving bile; but in its place he substituted another draught, `The
Death Offering' (Proserpina Sacra)." - Apuleius, The Golden Ass 10.25

This day was dedicated to Salus, the abstract deification of Health
and Wealth. Salus was a Roman goddess who may originally have been a
fertility and agricultural goddess but who was known as a
personification of health and preservation. Salus is associated with
the Greek goddess Hygeia. She was called Salus Publica Populi Romani
and was often shown on coins feeding a snake. Early coins show Hygeia
with ears of ceral crops. From the name salus comes our word
salubrious, meaning good health. A temple to Salus was consecrated on
the Quirinal.

Valete bene!

Cato

Tribunus Plebis C. Tullius Valerianus Germanicus Quiritibus SPD,****

** **

At the request of several plebeian citizens, these Senate voting results are
published on Pridie Nonas Sextiles anno A.U.C. MMDCCLXIV (P. Ullerio C.
Equitio coss.), for the month of *May* this year. Apparently this was never
published due to some kind of oversight. On behalf of the Tribunes, I
apologize for the long delay!

** **

Results were officially published by the presiding magistrate in the Senate.
**


The following Senators cast votes. They are referred to by their initials,
which are listed in alphabetical order:

**
*ATS: Aula Tullia Scholastica

**

*CEC: Gaius Equitius Cato

*CPL: Gaius Popillius Laenas****

*CVA: Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa****

*CnIC: Gnaeus Iulius Caesar - votes cast by Proxy through LCSF**

*DIPI: Decius Iunius Palladius Invictus

*LCSF: Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix****

*MMA - Marcus Minucius Audens

*MIP: Marcus Iulius Perusianus****

*PUSV: Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator****

*QFM: Quintus Fabius Maximus****

*QSP: Quintus Suetonius Paulinus****

*TiGP: Tiberius Galerius Paulinus
�UTI ROGAS� indicates a vote in favour of an item, �ANTIQUO� is a vote
against, and �ABSTINEO� is an expressed abstention.

AGENDA:

**
ITEM I - SENATUS CONSULTUM ULTIMUM DE L. EQUITIO CINCINNATO AUGURE - PASSED

"Under the Constitution of Nova Roma, 'The Senate shall have the power to
issue
the Senatus consultum ultimum (the ultimate decree of the Senate). When in
effect, this decree will supersede all other governmental bodies and
authorities
(with the exception of the dictator) and allow the Senate to invest the
consuls
with absolute powers to deal with a specific situation, subject only to
their
collegial veto and review by the Senate. Even under the authority of the
Senatus
consultum ultimum, the consuls may only temporarily suspend this
Constitution;
they may not enact any permanent changes hereto.' (Const. N.R. V.E)

Under the authority of Section V.E of the Nova Roman Constitution the Senate
of
Nova Roma issues the following senatus consultum ultimum.

1. The Senate of Nova Roma allows the consuls to suspend the lex Saliciae
poenalis, PARS PRIMA section 12 which states that 'A praetorian formula can
be
vetoed by all the magistrates constitutionally empowered to do so. Once a
sententia has been issued by a legal Novoroman court, since this court
represents the will of the Comitia, only a vote in the Comitia may rescind a
sententia by the passage of a lex. If the sententia includes EXACTIO, only
the
Comitia Centuriata can rescind the poena' until Id. Mai. 2764.
2. The Senate of Nova Roma empowers the consuls to issue an edict during
this
time under this senatus consultum ultimum for the purpose of rescinding the
court sententiae in respect of Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus Augur, to wit
a. the sententia of the citizen Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus Augur passed on
20th
February 2008 (K. FABIUS BUTEO MODIANUS VS L. EQUITIUS CINCINNATUS AUGUR),
and
b. the sententia of the citizen Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus Augur passed on
31st
March 2008 (M.MORAVI VS L. EQUITI).


*ATS - ANTIQVO - As everyone here should know by now, I deplore what was
done to Cincinnatus, and would like him to return. However, government by
SCU does not please those of us who are sensible, nor does the setting aside
of an entire judicial sentence for the honorable purpose of facilitating his
return. Moreover, we don�t even know if he would like to return, much less
if he would in fact do so.

**

*CEC - VTI ROGAS

*CPL - VTI ROGAS

*CVA - VTI ROGAS

*CnIC - VTI ROGAS

*DIPI - VTI ROGAS - While I dislike the overuse of the SCU we have fallen
into, I will vote for yet another as this was such an abuse it must be
overturrned.

*LCSF - VTI ROGAS

*MMA - VTI ROGAS

*MIP - VTI ROGAS

**
*PUSV - VTI ROGAS
*QFM - VTI ROGAS - As the Quaestor to the Praetor adjudicating this case so
many irregularities became apparent that the case should have been dismissed
out of hand. Indeed, since the very controversy of Lucius Equitius offense
was in direct violation of the Vedian Constitution, in my and several other
Jurists opinion, made the trial���s reason moot. Nevertheless, it was
continued as an example as who was the powers in NR, and how they needed to
be satisfied. That said, this miscarriage of justice should be rectified
and removed from the record even if Lucius Equitius never returns.

**

*QSP - VTI ROGAS**

*TiGP - VTI ROGAS


ITEM II - SENATUS CONSULTUM DE LEGIBUS DISCENDIS - FAILED

I. Any citizen seeking the office of tribune, praetor, or consul will be
required to first
complete successfully an 'Introduction to Nova Roman Law' class.

II. This class will be administered three times a year, beginning the
Kalends of
Februarius, Kalends of Iunius, and Kalends of Octobris, under the authority
of
one citizen appointed annually by the Senate and one citizen appointed
annually
by the tribunes of the plebs.

III. This course may also be taken at any time it is offered by any
citizen who is interested as often as they would like without restriction;
once
a citizen has successfully completed the course he or she does not need to
take
it again to run for any office in the future.

IV. The course may include quizzes and essay requirements, and will
culminate in a final exam that will be submitted to a blind panel of five
chosen
from among the senators and tribunes by lot. The results of the final exam
will
be posted in the forum within one week of the final exam being given.

V. This law shall take effect on the Kalends of Septembris 2764

*ATS - ANTIQVO - This would seem to reduce the pool of candidates for our
higher offices without noticeable benefit, and appears to impose an
inordinate burden on those who seek a one-year term. Our candidate pool is
already small, and greatly diminished; we do not need to impose tests and
essays on the laws in our Tabularium and all other legal documents simply to
run for office. Every citizen should read the Tabularium and have a basic
familiarity with its contents, but this goes too far. Moreover, it would be
very difficult for new candidates to satisfy this requirement for this year,
since the course has not yet been established, nor has an instructor chosen,
nor has a means of instruction selected although almost half of the year has
passed. At the very least, this requirement would have to be suspended for
this calendar year.

**
*CEC - VTI ROGAS

*CPL - VTI ROGAS

*CVA - ANTIQVO

*CnIC - ANTIQVO

*DIPI - ANTIQVO - Making our pool of candidates even smaller when we are
already tiny . . . the class isn't a bad idea but requiring it is.

*LCSF - ANTIQVO****

*MMA - VTI ROGAS

*MIP - VTI ROGAS****

*PUSV - ANTIQVO

*QFM - ANTIQVO - As much as I appreciate the underlying motivation behind
this, that is know the workings of your Nova Roma government, I believe that
requirement is simply too much. The people who do not take this course
likely will lose to those that do in the elections. No lex is needed.

*QSP - VTI ROGAS ****

*TiGP - VTI ROGAS

ITEM III - GOVERNANCE OF ITALIA & PUBLIC CALL FOR GOVERNORS - PASSED

The Senate of Nova Roma hereby prorogues consular governance of Italia until
the
Kalends of Sextilis, at which time a solution to that question shall be
presented to the Senate.

The Senate of Nova Roma also extends the time frame for the public call for
provincial governors until the Kalends of Quinctilis.

*ATS - VTI ROGAS - not that I like consular oversight in place of something
more normal.

**

*CEC - VTI ROGAS

*CPL - VTI ROGAS****

*CVA - VTI ROGAS****

*CnIC - VTI ROGAS****

*DIPI - VTI ROGAS

*LCSF - VTI ROGAS****

*MMA - VTI ROGAS

*MIP - ANTIQVO****

*PUSV - VTI ROGAS****

*QFM - VTI ROGAS****

*QSP - VTI ROGAS****

*TiGP - VTI ROGAS
ITEM IV - SENATUS CONSULTUM ULTIMAM REGARDING THE PURCHASE OF AN INTERNET
VOTING
PROGRAM - PASSED

The Senate of Nova Roma hereby authorizes the following:

1. the consuls to arrange for, and oversee, the purchase of a year's
subscription to "votingplace.net" for the amount of US$800.00 plus any taxes
and
other charges which may apply.

2. the placement of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Postumianus Pius, under the
general authority of the consuls and the direct authority of the censors, in
a
position from which he may collect, organize, and make any and all necessary
arrangements under the "votingplace.net" program to create the Nova Roman
CISTA,
which will be linked directly to the Nova Roma website as required by
applicable
law. Once the cista has been created, it shall be accessible to all
appropriate
magistrates as necessary under Nova Roman law.

3. the consuls to suspend, until pridie Kalendas Ianuarias 2765, the
following
sections of Nova Roman law: Paragraphs VI.A., VII.A., and VIII.A. of the Lex
Moravia de suffragiis in comitiis plebis tributis, as well as 4.A. of the
Lex
Fabia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum, and 4.A. of the Lex Fabia de
ratione
comitiorum populi tributorum in order to use citizen ID number and postal
code
as identifying factors rather than a "voter code" generated by the Album
Civium.

*ATS - VTI ROGAS - We must do something, however temporarily. My remarks
above about government by SCU hold good, but here we may have no choice as
we must suspend some of our laws regarding voting methodology in order to
use this system. Let us hope that we can repair our own system in time for
the subsequent elections.

**

*CEC - VTI ROGAS

*CPL - ANTIQVO****

*CVA - VTI ROGAS**

*CnIC - VTI ROGAS**

*DIPI - VTI ROGAS

*LCSF - VTI ROGAS****

*MMA - VTI ROGAS

*MIP - ANTIQVO****

*PUSV - VTI ROGAS**

*QFM - VTI ROGAS - I'****m rather dismayed that we cannot use anything else
to make this work. We are clever people, and yet we have to expend 800.00
of our hard earned money in order to ensure that all NR citizens may vote. I
do not like it, but I understand the necessity. I do hope that this is a
stop gap measure and there is another cheaper plan in the future.

*QSP - VTI ROGAS****

*TiGP - VTI ROGAS


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Q Caecilius Metellus Quiritibus salutem dicit.

I will begin the work of gathering the necessary details to compile the
voter information required for our cista in the coming days. The
information to be used in lieu of the voter codes which were used in
the past, however, will consist of some combination of a voter's
information. As a result, to ensure that individuals are best able to
access the cista and cast the votes to which they are entitled, I
hereby formally request that each voter ensure that the details they
have on record in the Censorial database is correct.

I have placed instructions on how to directly check your own
information on my user page in the Wiki:
http://www.novaroma.org/nr/User:Quintus_Caecilius_Metellus_Pius_Postumianus
I will also keep additional announcements and information (including
progress in this cista related work) listed there as well, for the
benefit of the Quirites.

If our governors would be so kind as to inform their provincial
citizens of this request, it would be greatly appreciated. Also, any
owner/moderator of a mailing list/group for things related to Nova Roma
specifically is welcomed, and asked, to pass along this information, so
long as it does not violate any policies in force on said mailing
list/group.

Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation, Quirites, in this
effort to restore your votes.

Ut ualeatis, curate.

--
A chicken is an egg's way of producing more eggs.

Sta. Cornelia Aeternia Q. Caecilio Metello sal:

Following your instructions, I find myself unable to get into the album
civitas, what happens in this case?


Vale Optime,
Aeternia

On Fri, Aug 5, 2011 at 4:08 PM, Q Caecilius Metellus <
q.caecilius.metellus@...> wrote:

> **
>
>
> Q Caecilius Metellus Quiritibus salutem dicit.
>
> I will begin the work of gathering the necessary details to compile the
> voter information required for our cista in the coming days. The
> information to be used in lieu of the voter codes which were used in
> the past, however, will consist of some combination of a voter's
> information. As a result, to ensure that individuals are best able to
> access the cista and cast the votes to which they are entitled, I
> hereby formally request that each voter ensure that the details they
> have on record in the Censorial database is correct.
>
> I have placed instructions on how to directly check your own
> information on my user page in the Wiki:
> http://www.novaroma.org/nr/User:Quintus_Caecilius_Metellus_Pius_Postumianus
> I will also keep additional announcements and information (including
> progress in this cista related work) listed there as well, for the
> benefit of the Quirites.
>
> If our governors would be so kind as to inform their provincial
> citizens of this request, it would be greatly appreciated. Also, any
> owner/moderator of a mailing list/group for things related to Nova Roma
> specifically is welcomed, and asked, to pass along this information, so
> long as it does not violate any policies in force on said mailing
> list/group.
>
> Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation, Quirites, in this
> effort to restore your votes.
>
> Ut ualeatis, curate.
>
> --
> A chicken is an egg's way of producing more eggs.
>
>

--
*"Fortes fortuna iuvat"*


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

SALVE!
 
If is password problem follow these instruction:
http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Password%c2%a0
 
VALE,
Sabinus

"Every individual is the architect of his own fortune" - Appius Claudius

From: Belle Morte Statia <syrenslullaby@...>
To: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Saturday, August 6, 2011 3:43 AM
Subject: Re: [Nova-Roma] Cista: Information Updates

Sta. Cornelia Aeternia Q. Caecilio Metello sal:

Following your instructions, I find myself unable to get into the album
civitas, what happens in this case?


Vale Optime,
Aeternia

On Fri, Aug 5, 2011 at 4:08 PM, Q Caecilius Metellus <
q.caecilius.metellus@...> wrote:

> **
>
>
> Q Caecilius Metellus Quiritibus salutem dicit.
>
> I will begin the work of gathering the necessary details to compile the
> voter information required for our cista in the coming days. The
> information to be used in lieu of the voter codes which were used in
> the past, however, will consist of some combination of a voter's
> information. As a result, to ensure that individuals are best able to
> access the cista and cast the votes to which they are entitled, I
> hereby formally request that each voter ensure that the details they
> have on record in the Censorial database is correct.
>
> I have placed instructions on how to directly check your own
> information on my user page in the Wiki:
> http://www.novaroma.org/nr/User:Quintus_Caecilius_Metellus_Pius_Postumianus
> I will also keep additional announcements and information (including
> progress in this cista related work) listed there as well, for the
> benefit of the Quirites.
>
> If our governors would be so kind as to inform their provincial
> citizens of this request, it would be greatly appreciated. Also, any
> owner/moderator of a mailing list/group for things related to Nova Roma
> specifically is welcomed, and asked, to pass along this information, so
> long as it does not violate any policies in force on said mailing
> list/group.
>
> Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation, Quirites, in this
> effort to restore your votes.
>
> Ut ualeatis, curate.
>
> --
> A chicken is an egg's way of producing more eggs.
> 
>

--
*"Fortes fortuna iuvat"*


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]



------------------------------------

Yahoo! Groups Links



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

C. Petronius Dexter C. Tullio Valeriano s.p.d.,
 
Your report is late and wrong. Perhaps wrong because late.
Actually you are counting the votes of senators who voted after the last deadline.

I recall you that this session was more than once delayed by the consul Cato and its voting period not allowed by auspicies. (The auspicies, as you know, were taken for another dates.)

So this report is not a senatus session report but the report of a session of Cato and some buddies of him into the senate. 

Optime vale.

C. Petronius Dexter
Arcoiali scribebat
a. d. VIII Idus Sextiles P. Vllerio C. Equitio consulibus 

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Ave,

Unfortunately, Dexter, you are in the minority opinion. This is why the
session is being reported and it will be eventually listed in the Tabularium
and the decisions made by the Board of Directors during the senate session
are valid.

Respectfully,

Sulla

On Fri, Aug 5, 2011 at 10:37 PM, Jean-Fran�ois Arnoud
<jfarnoud94@...>wrote:

> **
>
>
> C. Petronius Dexter C. Tullio Valeriano s.p.d.,
>
> Your report is late and wrong. Perhaps wrong because late.
> Actually you are counting the votes of senators who voted after the last
> deadline.
>
> I recall you that this session was more than once delayed by the consul
> Cato and its voting period not allowed by auspicies. (The auspicies, as you
> know, were taken for another dates.)
>
> So this report is not a senatus session report but the report of a session
> of Cato and some buddies of him into the senate.
>
> Optime vale.
>
> C. Petronius Dexter
> Arcoiali scribebat
> a. d. VIII Idus Sextiles P. Vllerio C. Equitio consulibus
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Q Caecilius Metellus pontifex C Petronio Dextro pontifici s.d.

You stated:

> Your report is late and wrong. Perhaps wrong because late.
> Actually you are counting the votes of senators who voted after the
> last deadline.
>
> I recall you that this session was more than once delayed by the
> consul Cato and its voting period not allowed by auspicies. (The
> auspicies, as you know, were taken for another dates.)

This brings up a good question. In reviewing the archives, one finds
that the session was announced by the tribunus C Aemilius (msg. 84264,
on this list). It was announced to take place from 26 Apr through 03
Mai. It was also formally closed by Consul C Equitius in the late part
of May (msg. 84629). With that timing, one can certainly assume that
the session was extended.

You note specifically that the session was delayed a number of times,
and that this voting period was not allowed by the auspices. This
brings us to a wonderful question for our Collegium Augurum, though
some of this may very well be dependent on the auspices themselves,
i.e., the question originally posed. If the question was not
time-delimited, that is to say, if the question was not along the lines
of "Do you condone the voting of the Senate from 'time A' to 'time
B'?" (emphasis on the latter time), there may be less of an issue than
may be made of it. Ostensibly, none of those so empowered vetoed the
extensions at the time, and the time limit has long since passed to do
so.

Additionally, there is a further issue, and one which I would greatly
appreciate being considered by our Collegium Augurum. In fact, I
implore that collegium to consider the question. Though the
Collegium Augurum lacks the ability to invalidate the session at this
point, they may certainly rule on whether it should be invalidated in
light of augural law. Specifically, I would be interested to know the
opinion of that collegium on the question of the auspices in relation to
extensions. If a session of a body required to operate under auspices
needs to be extended, must new auspices be taken? Under the same need
for extension, perhaps alternatively, would the session need to instead
be closed without decision, and re-started under new auspices? Perhaps
those answers might bring some clarity to this issue, and even more,
resolve it.

--
Democracy is the worst form of government except all those other
forms that have been tried from time to time.
-- Winston Churchill

C. Tullius Valerianus Germanicus Augur Q. Caecilio Metello Pio Postumiano
Pontifici S.P.D.

Your request for clarification in these matters has been noted and will
be presented to the College of Augurs. Please allow 72 hours from the time
it is presented to the College for consultation on these matters before we
can issue a *responsum. *Presentation to the College will be done a.d. VII
Kal. Sex., since today (a.d. VIII Kal. Sex.) is a *dies ater, *and we shall
not undertake new business on this day.

Vale!

Data Phoenice a.d. VII Kal. Sex. anno A.U.C. MMDCCLXIV (P. Ullerio C.
Equitio coss.)

On Fri, Aug 5, 2011 at 11:15 PM, Q Caecilius Metellus <
q.caecilius.metellus@...> wrote:

> **
>
>
> Q Caecilius Metellus pontifex C Petronio Dextro pontifici s.d.
>
> You stated:
>
>
> > Your report is late and wrong. Perhaps wrong because late.
> > Actually you are counting the votes of senators who voted after the
> > last deadline.
> >
> > I recall you that this session was more than once delayed by the
> > consul Cato and its voting period not allowed by auspicies. (The
> > auspicies, as you know, were taken for another dates.)
>
> This brings up a good question. In reviewing the archives, one finds
> that the session was announced by the tribunus C Aemilius (msg. 84264,
> on this list). It was announced to take place from 26 Apr through 03
> Mai. It was also formally closed by Consul C Equitius in the late part
> of May (msg. 84629). With that timing, one can certainly assume that
> the session was extended.
>
> You note specifically that the session was delayed a number of times,
> and that this voting period was not allowed by the auspices. This
> brings us to a wonderful question for our Collegium Augurum, though
> some of this may very well be dependent on the auspices themselves,
> i.e., the question originally posed. If the question was not
> time-delimited, that is to say, if the question was not along the lines
> of "Do you condone the voting of the Senate from 'time A' to 'time
> B'?" (emphasis on the latter time), there may be less of an issue than
> may be made of it. Ostensibly, none of those so empowered vetoed the
> extensions at the time, and the time limit has long since passed to do
> so.
>
> Additionally, there is a further issue, and one which I would greatly
> appreciate being considered by our Collegium Augurum. In fact, I
> implore that collegium to consider the question. Though the
> Collegium Augurum lacks the ability to invalidate the session at this
> point, they may certainly rule on whether it should be invalidated in
> light of augural law. Specifically, I would be interested to know the
> opinion of that collegium on the question of the auspices in relation to
> extensions. If a session of a body required to operate under auspices
> needs to be extended, must new auspices be taken? Under the same need
> for extension, perhaps alternatively, would the session need to instead
> be closed without decision, and re-started under new auspices? Perhaps
> those answers might bring some clarity to this issue, and even more,
> resolve it.
>
> --
> Democracy is the worst form of government except all those other
> forms that have been tried from time to time.
> -- Winston Churchill
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem VII Idus Sextiles; hic dies fastus est.

"All good things, my dear Clea, sensible men must ask from the gods;
and especially do we pray that from those mighty gods we may, in our
quest, gain a knowledge of themselves, so far as such a thing is
attainable by men. For we believe that there is nothing more
important for man to receive, or more ennobling for God of His grace
to grant, than the truth. God gives to men the other things for which
they express a desire, but of sense and intelligence He grants them
only a share, inasmuch as these are His especial possessions and His
sphere of activity. For the Deity is not blessed by reason of his
possession of gold and silver,3 nor strong because of thunder and
lightning, but through knowledge and intelligence. Of all the things
that Homer said about the gods, he has expressed most beautifully this
thought:

'Both, indeed, were in lineage one, and of the same country,
Yet was Zeus the earlier born and his knowledge was greater.' [Homer,
Iliad XIII.354]

Thereby the poet plainly declares that the primacy of Zeus is nobler
since it is elder in knowledge and in wisdom. I think also that a
source of happiness in the eternal life, which is the lot of God, is
that events which come to pass do not escape His prescience. But if
His knowledge and meditation on the nature of Existence should be
taken away, then, to my mind, His immortality is not living, but a
mere lapse of time.

Therefore the effort to arrive at the Truth, and especially the truth
about the gods, is a longing for the divine. For the search for truth
requires for its study and investigation the consideration of sacred
subjects, and it is a work more hallowed than any form of holy living
or temple service; and, not least of all, it is well-pleasing to that
goddess whom you worship, a goddess exceptionally wise and a lover of
wisdom, to whom, fas her name at least seems to indicate, knowledge
and understanding are in the highest degree appropriate. For Isis is a
Greek word, and so also is Typhon, her enemy, who is conceited, as his
name implies, because of his ignorance and self-deception. He tears to
pieces and scatters to the winds the sacred writings, which the
goddess collects and puts together and gives into the keeping of those
that are initiated into the holy rites, since this consecration, by a
strict regimen and by abstinence from many kinds of food and from the
lusts of the flesh, curtails licentiousness and the love of pleasure,
and induces a habit of patient submission to the stern and rigorous
services in shrines, the end and aim of which is the knowledge of Him
who is the First, the Lord of All, the Ideal One. Him does the god
urge us to seek, since He is near her and with her and in close
communion. The name of her shrine also clearly promises knowledge and
p11comprehension of reality; for it is named Iseion, to indicate that
we shall comprehend reality if in a reasonable and devout frame of
mind we pass within the portals of her shrines.

Moreover, many writers have held her to be the daughter of Hermes, and
many others the daughter of Prometheus, because of the belief that
Prometheus is the discoverer of wisdom and forethought, and Hermes the
inventor of grammar and music. For this reason they call the first of
the Muses at Hermopolis Isis as well as Justice: for she is wise, as I
have said, and discloses the divine mysteries to those who truly and
justly have the name of "bearers of the sacred vessels" and "wearers
of the sacred robes." These are they who within their own soul, as
though within a casket, bear the sacred writings about the gods clear
of all superstition and pedantry; and they cloak them with secrecy,
thus giving intimation, some dark and shadowy, some clear and bright,
of their concepts about the gods, intimations of the same sort as are
clearly evidenced in the wearing of the sacred garb. For this reason,
too, the fact that the deceased votaries of Isis are decked with these
garments is a sign that these sacred writings accompany them, and that
they pass to the other world possessed of these and of naught else. It
is a fact, Clea, that having a beard and wearing a coarse cloak does
not make philosophers, nor does dressing in linen and shaving the hair
make votaries of Isis; but the true votary of Isis is he who, when he
has legitimately received what is set forth in the ceremonies
connected with these gods, uses reason in investigating and in
studying the truth contained therein." - Plutarch, "Isis and Osiris" I.1-3

In ancient Egypt, today was the Festival of Opet, also known as the
"Breaking of the Nile". Centered in Thebes, this boisterous festival,
known as the Beautiful Feast of the Opet, held in the second civil
month and was set according to a lunar calendar. It was perhaps not as
old a celebration as some of the other feasts, though during the New
Kingdom particularly, the celebration of Opet was predominate. Its
duration of twenty-seven days in the 20th Dynasty shows how
significant the celebration became. However, we know virtually nothing
about the celebration prior to the 18th Dynasty and the rise of Thebes.

Theban citizens and their guests from afar celebrated the fruitful
link between their pharaoh and the almighty god, Amun, who in the New
Kingdom became a state god. During the celebration it was thought that
the might and power of Amun were ritually bequeathed to his living
son, the pharoah. Therefore, the celebration belonged to the official
royal ideology of the state and, not surprisingly, witnessed the
personal involvement of the pharaoh.

Because of the flooding, work was temporarily suspended in fields. The
people joined in a dramatic procession honoring Amun that began at the
Temple of Amun in Karnak and ended at Luxor Temple one and a half
miles away at the south end of the city.

At Karnak, the people watched the high priests disappear in the
temple. Inside, the priests bathed the image of the god and dressed
him in colorful linen and adorned him with jewelry from the temple
treasury including magnificent necklaces, bracelets, scepters, amulets
and trinkets of gold or silver encrusted with lapis lazuli, enamel,
glass and semi-precious gems. The priests then enclosed the god in a
shrine and then placed the shrine on top of a ceremonial barque or
boat, often supported by poles for carrying.

When the priests emerged from the temple, they carried the barque on
their shoulders throughout the pillared halls and courtyards of
Karnak. Then they moved into the crowded streets where people elbowed
each other to catch a glimpse of the sacred vessel. Many a small
Egyptian child was lucky to be placed on his or her parent's shoulder
to be able to see.

In Hatshepsut's time, the complete journey was accomplished on foot,
while stopping at different resting stations. Later, the boat was
carried to the Nile and then towed upriver to Luxor Temple by high
government officials who vied for the enviable honor. The pharaoh
himself was there to greet Amun and escort him to Luxor Temple. The
people heard the steady beat of soldier's drums and watched as men
from Nubia danced to songs of devotion sung by the priests.

After reaching Luxor, the pharaoh and priests left the crowd behind
and maneuvered the boat into the dark recesses of the temple. Incense
filled the air. There was a ceremony communing with another holy image
of Amun, Amun-Min, who inseminated the earth, according to the ancient
beliefs of creation, and brought about plentiful harvests.

Now the pharaoh emerged from the sanctuary. The citizens greeted him
wildly and praised his accomplishments; any wrongs he had committed
were automatically forgiven. "He was once more the embodiment of
divine strength and generosity, the source of bounty and well-being
for Egypt."

During the Festival of Opet, Thebans could ask the god questions
(oracles) that could be answered by a simple yes or no. A man might
ask if his brother in another town was in good health, If the barge
dipped forward, the answer was yes; if it backed away, the reply was
no. Commoners were also allowed to put questions to a god in his
temple. For these exceptional times, the fortunate citizens who were
allowed into the temple were escorted to special audience rooms. The
priests would convey the answers either through a concealed window
high up in the wall or from inside a hollow statue.

More than anything, the ancient Egyptian population enjoyed the
generosity of the gods during these festivals. During one Opet
festival in the 12th century BC, it is recorded that temple officials
distributed 11,341 loaves of bread and 385 jars of beer to the citizens.

Valete bene!

Cato

Salvete omnes!


A new citizen from Nova Eboracum saying hello. Hello and pass the garum.


Vale,

Decimus Cornelius Mento



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve, Mento!

Welcome, citizen, to the ML! Oh, and ...here ya go!

Vale bene!
C. Maria Caeca

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve Caeca,

Gratias tibi ago. Yahoo removed the non text portion of what you sent me.


Vale,

D. Mento

On 8/7/2011 1:14 PM, C.Maria Caeca wrote:
>
> Salve, Mento!
>
> Welcome, citizen, to the ML! Oh, and ...here ya go!
>
> Vale bene!
> C. Maria Caeca
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>

--


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve Mento!

Oh! sorry ...no I didn't send any pics or graphics. I just passed the garum, as you requested, (smile).

Vale Bene!
Caeca

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Ave Amice!!!

Welcome to the forum! It would be absolutely rude of me if I did not say hello!

Yahoo usually tacks onto the end of the message something to the effect that non-text portions have been remove, I think adding attachements may even be disabled.

If i can help you in anyway please do not hesitate to ask!

Cura ut valeas!

Julia
Nashvillae Scribebat
a.d. VIII Id. Sex. ‡ P. Ullerio C. Equitio cos. ‡ MMDCCLXIV a.u.c.

--- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com, "D. Cornelius Mento" <decimuscorneliusmento@...> wrote:
>
> Salvete omnes!
>
>
> A new citizen from Nova Eboracum saying hello. Hello and pass the garum.
>
>
> Vale,
>
> Decimus Cornelius Mento
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Smiling back.

On 8/7/2011 1:38 PM, C.Maria Caeca wrote:
>
> Salve Mento!
>
> Oh! sorry ...no I didn't send any pics or graphics. I just passed the
> garum, as you requested, (smile).
>
> Vale Bene!
> Caeca
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>

--


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

>
> A. Tullia Scholastica D. Mentoni S.P.D.
>
>
>
> Salve Caeca,
>
> Gratias tibi ago. Yahoo removed the non text portion of what you sent me.
>
> ATS: Welcome to Nova Roma! If you use HTML, or (apparently) if you use
> certain mail systems, Yahoo puts a notice saying that it removes all non-text
> portions of the message, but that is not the case. It puts such a notice on
> my mail all the time. This list no longer allows attachments (and rarely has
> allowed them), so nothing that C. Maria Caeca sent you has been removed; Yahoo
> has merely added a notice that non-text portions have been removed.
>
> Not sure what she meant by here ya go, though...it is unlikely that she
> attempted to send an attachment here.
>
> Vale,
>
> D. Mento
>
> Vale!
>
>
>
> On 8/7/2011 1:14 PM, C.Maria Caeca wrote:
>> >
>> > Salve, Mento!
>> >
>> > Welcome, citizen, to the ML! Oh, and ...here ya go!
>> >
>> > Vale bene!
>> > C. Maria Caeca
>> >
>> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>> >
>> >

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Gratias tibi ago, Domina.

Vale bene,

D. Mento

On 8/7/2011 2:00 PM, luciaiuliaaquila wrote:
>
> Ave Amice!!!
>
> Welcome to the forum! It would be absolutely rude of me if I did not
> say hello!
>
> Yahoo usually tacks onto the end of the message something to the
> effect that non-text portions have been remove, I think adding
> attachements may even be disabled.
>
> If i can help you in anyway please do not hesitate to ask!
>
> Cura ut valeas!
>
> Julia
> Nashvillae Scribebat
> a.d. VIII Id. Sex. ++ P. Ullerio C. Equitio cos. ++ MMDCCLXIV a.u.c.
>
> --- In Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com <mailto:Nova-Roma%40yahoogroups.com>,
> "D. Cornelius Mento" <decimuscorneliusmento@...> wrote:
> >
> > Salvete omnes!
> >
> >
> > A new citizen from Nova Eboracum saying hello. Hello and pass the garum.
> >
> >
> > Vale,
> >
> > Decimus Cornelius Mento
> >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>

--


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Q Caecilius Metellus s.d.

Train of joke...

D Cornelius introduces himself and asks that someone pass the garum
C Maria responds, and in the process, passes the garum ("here ya go")
D Cornelius remarks that Yahoo has removed all non-text portions of
the message (i.e., the passed garum), in light of the notice usually
seen at the bottom of messages.

Welcome, D Corneli, to the forum. Since Yahoo won't serve as
intermediary in obtaining your garum, you'll have to get it yourself.
It's in the back, and to the left.

Valete.

On 7 August 2011 11:23, A. Tullia Scholastica <fororom@...> wrote:
>>
>>  A. Tullia Scholastica D. Mentoni S.P.D.
>>
>>
>>
>> Salve Caeca,
>>
>> Gratias tibi ago.  Yahoo removed the non text portion of what you sent me.
>>
>>     ATS:  Welcome to Nova Roma!  If you use HTML, or (apparently) if you use
>> certain mail systems, Yahoo puts a notice saying that it removes all non-text
>> portions of the message, but that is not the case.  It puts such a notice on
>> my mail all the time.  This list no longer allows attachments (and rarely has
>> allowed them), so nothing that C. Maria Caeca sent you has been removed; Yahoo
>> has merely added a notice that non-text portions have been removed.
>>
>>     Not sure what she meant by here ya go, though...it is unlikely that she
>> attempted to send an attachment here.
>>
>> Vale,
>>
>> D. Mento
>>
>> Vale!

Now that I know where the garum is I'll put my hot sauce away. :)

Valete.


D. Mento

On 8/7/2011 2:28 PM, Quintus Caecilius Metellus wrote:
>
> Q Caecilius Metellus s.d.
>
> Train of joke...
>
> D Cornelius introduces himself and asks that someone pass the garum
> C Maria responds, and in the process, passes the garum ("here ya go")
> D Cornelius remarks that Yahoo has removed all non-text portions of
> the message (i.e., the passed garum), in light of the notice usually
> seen at the bottom of messages.
>
> Welcome, D Corneli, to the forum. Since Yahoo won't serve as
> intermediary in obtaining your garum, you'll have to get it yourself.
> It's in the back, and to the left.
>
> Valete.
>
> On 7 August 2011 11:23, A. Tullia Scholastica <fororom@...
> <mailto:fororom%40localnet.com>> wrote:
> >>
> >> A. Tullia Scholastica D. Mentoni S.P.D.
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> Salve Caeca,
> >>
> >> Gratias tibi ago. Yahoo removed the non text portion of what you
> sent me.
> >>
> >> ATS: Welcome to Nova Roma! If you use HTML, or (apparently)
> if you use
> >> certain mail systems, Yahoo puts a notice saying that it removes
> all non-text
> >> portions of the message, but that is not the case. It puts such a
> notice on
> >> my mail all the time. This list no longer allows attachments (and
> rarely has
> >> allowed them), so nothing that C. Maria Caeca sent you has been
> removed; Yahoo
> >> has merely added a notice that non-text portions have been removed.
> >>
> >> Not sure what she meant by here ya go, though...it is unlikely
> that she
> >> attempted to send an attachment here.
> >>
> >> Vale,
> >>
> >> D. Mento
> >>
> >> Vale!
>
>

--


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

>
> A. Tullia Scholastica D. Mentoni quiritibus bonae voluntatis S.P.D.
>
>
>
> Now that I know where the garum is I'll put my hot sauce away. :)
>
> ATS: If you like garum, you might be interested in joining our cooking
> sodalitas, coq & coq (as it is familiarly known). Its head, Venator, can tell
> you more if you are interested.
>
> Not sure if garum is hot, but it definitely is fishy...
>
> Valete.
>
> Vale, et valete.
>
> D. Mento
>
> On 8/7/2011 2:28 PM, Quintus Caecilius Metellus wrote:
>> >
>> > Q Caecilius Metellus s.d.
>> >
>> > Train of joke...
>> >
>> > D Cornelius introduces himself and asks that someone pass the garum
>> > C Maria responds, and in the process, passes the garum ("here ya go")
>> > D Cornelius remarks that Yahoo has removed all non-text portions of
>> > the message (i.e., the passed garum), in light of the notice usually
>> > seen at the bottom of messages.
>> >
>> > Welcome, D Corneli, to the forum. Since Yahoo won't serve as
>> > intermediary in obtaining your garum, you'll have to get it yourself.
>> > It's in the back, and to the left.
>> >
>> > Valete.
>> >
>> > On 7 August 2011 11:23, A. Tullia Scholastica <fororom@...
>> <mailto:fororom%40localnet.com>
>> > <mailto:fororom%40localnet.com>> wrote:
>>>> > >>
>>>> > >> A. Tullia Scholastica D. Mentoni S.P.D.
>>>> > >>
>>>> > >>
>>>> > >>
>>>> > >> Salve Caeca,
>>>> > >>
>>>> > >> Gratias tibi ago. Yahoo removed the non text portion of what you
>> > sent me.
>>>> > >>
>>>> > >> ATS: Welcome to Nova Roma! If you use HTML, or (apparently)
>> > if you use
>>>> > >> certain mail systems, Yahoo puts a notice saying that it removes
>> > all non-text
>>>> > >> portions of the message, but that is not the case. It puts such a
>> > notice on
>>>> > >> my mail all the time. This list no longer allows attachments (and
>> > rarely has
>>>> > >> allowed them), so nothing that C. Maria Caeca sent you has been
>> > removed; Yahoo
>>>> > >> has merely added a notice that non-text portions have been removed.
>>>> > >>
>>>> > >> Not sure what she meant by here ya go, though...it is unlikely
>> > that she
>>>> > >> attempted to send an attachment here.
>>>> > >>
>>>> > >> Vale,
>>>> > >>
>>>> > >> D. Mento
>>>> > >>
>>>> > >> Vale!
>> >
>> >

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Already joined, gratias tibi ago.

On 8/7/2011 2:52 PM, A. Tullia Scholastica wrote:
>
> >
> > A. Tullia Scholastica D. Mentoni quiritibus bonae voluntatis S.P.D.
> >
> >
> >
> > Now that I know where the garum is I'll put my hot sauce away. :)
> >
> > ATS: If you like garum, you might be interested in joining our cooking
> > sodalitas, coq & coq (as it is familiarly known). Its head, Venator,
> can tell
> > you more if you are interested.
> >
> > Not sure if garum is hot, but it definitely is fishy...
> >
> > Valete.
> >
> > Vale, et valete.
> >
> > D. Mento
> >
> > On 8/7/2011 2:28 PM, Quintus Caecilius Metellus wrote:
> >> >
> >> > Q Caecilius Metellus s.d.
> >> >
> >> > Train of joke...
> >> >
> >> > D Cornelius introduces himself and asks that someone pass the garum
> >> > C Maria responds, and in the process, passes the garum ("here ya go")
> >> > D Cornelius remarks that Yahoo has removed all non-text portions of
> >> > the message (i.e., the passed garum), in light of the notice usually
> >> > seen at the bottom of messages.
> >> >
> >> > Welcome, D Corneli, to the forum. Since Yahoo won't serve as
> >> > intermediary in obtaining your garum, you'll have to get it yourself.
> >> > It's in the back, and to the left.
> >> >
> >> > Valete.
> >> >
> >> > On 7 August 2011 11:23, A. Tullia Scholastica
> <fororom@... <mailto:fororom%40localnet.com>
> >> <mailto:fororom%40localnet.com>
> >> > <mailto:fororom%40localnet.com>> wrote:
> >>>> > >>
> >>>> > >> A. Tullia Scholastica D. Mentoni S.P.D.
> >>>> > >>
> >>>> > >>
> >>>> > >>
> >>>> > >> Salve Caeca,
> >>>> > >>
> >>>> > >> Gratias tibi ago. Yahoo removed the non text portion of what you
> >> > sent me.
> >>>> > >>
> >>>> > >> ATS: Welcome to Nova Roma! If you use HTML, or (apparently)
> >> > if you use
> >>>> > >> certain mail systems, Yahoo puts a notice saying that it removes
> >> > all non-text
> >>>> > >> portions of the message, but that is not the case. It puts
> such a
> >> > notice on
> >>>> > >> my mail all the time. This list no longer allows attachments
> (and
> >> > rarely has
> >>>> > >> allowed them), so nothing that C. Maria Caeca sent you has been
> >> > removed; Yahoo
> >>>> > >> has merely added a notice that non-text portions have been
> removed.
> >>>> > >>
> >>>> > >> Not sure what she meant by here ya go, though...it is unlikely
> >> > that she
> >>>> > >> attempted to send an attachment here.
> >>>> > >>
> >>>> > >> Vale,
> >>>> > >>
> >>>> > >> D. Mento
> >>>> > >>
> >>>> > >> Vale!
> >> >
> >> >
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>

--


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Cn. Lentulus legatus pro praetore Pannoniae Quiritibus s. p. d.


I gladly and proudly announce that the VIth Nova Roman Reenector Camp in Pannonia will start tomorrow and it will last one full week. It is organized by the in the mountains now, not in its usual place, and this year we are not prepared to receive international guests but nevertheless we will have a nice Nova Roman week to the greater glory of Romanitas.

Please send your prayers and good wishes for the success of our Camp, and be assured that you, the entire community of Nova Roma, will also be remembered in our events and sacrifices.

Valete optime!

CN. CORNELIVS LENTVLVS, PONTIFEX
LEGATVS PRO PRAETORE PANNONIAE

C. Maria Caeca Cn. Cornelio Lentulo S. P. D.

Have a glorious time, Amice, and may the gods grace your event with their presence ...and beautiful weather!

Vale quam optime!
CMC

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve, Maria!

Thank you, amica carissima! We will need that!

Vale optime!
Lentulus

--- Dom 7/8/11, C.Maria Caeca <c.mariacaeca@...> ha scritto:

Da: C.Maria Caeca <c.mariacaeca@...>
Oggetto: Re: [Nova-Roma] Nova Roma Reenactor Camp
A: Nova-Roma@yahoogroups.com
Data: Domenica 7 agosto 2011, 22:10
















 









C. Maria Caeca Cn. Cornelio Lentulo S. P. D.



Have a glorious time, Amice, and may the gods grace your event with their presence ...and beautiful weather!



Vale quam optime!

CMC



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]



























[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Salve and welcome,



On Sun, 07 Aug 2011 12:45:32 -0400
"D. Cornelius Mento" <decimuscorneliusmento@...> wrote:

> Salvete omnes!
>
>
> A new citizen from Nova Eboracum saying hello. Hello and pass the garum.
>
>
> Vale,
>
> Decimus Cornelius Mento
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

SALVE AMICE!
 
Have nice time there and a lot of fun.
 
VALE,
Sabinus

"Every individual is the architect of his own fortune" - Appius Claudius

From: Cn. Cornelius Lentulus <cn_corn_lent@...>
To: Nova Roma ML <nova-roma@yahoogroups.com>; Forum Hospitum <nova_roma_@yahoogroups.com>; Religio Romana List <ReligioRomana@yahoogroups.com>
Cc: NR_Pannonia <nr_pannonia@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Sunday, August 7, 2011 10:59 PM
Subject: [Nova-Roma] Nova Roma Reenactor Camp


 

Cn. Lentulus legatus pro praetore Pannoniae Quiritibus s. p. d.

I gladly and proudly announce that the VIth Nova Roman Reenector Camp in Pannonia will start tomorrow and it will last one full week. It is organized by the in the mountains now, not in its usual place, and this year we are not prepared to receive international guests but nevertheless we will have a nice Nova Roman week to the greater glory of Romanitas.

Please send your prayers and good wishes for the success of our Camp, and be assured that you, the entire community of Nova Roma, will also be remembered in our events and sacrifices.

Valete optime!

CN. CORNELIVS LENTVLVS, PONTIFEX
LEGATVS PRO PRAETORE PANNONIAE



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem VI Idus Sextiles; haec dies comitialis est.

"In the battle against the clans of the Allobroges and Arverni on the
river Isere, on August 8th [121 BC], when 130,000 of the foe were
killed, the consul Quintus Fabius Maximus got rid of a quartan ague in
action." - Pliny

"As for Clodius, after driving Cicero away he burned down his villas,
and burned down his house, and erected on its site a temple to
Liberty; the rest of his property he offered for sale and had it
proclaimed daily, but nobody would buy anything. Being therefore
formidable to the patricians, and dragging along with him the people,
who indulged in great boldness and effrontery, he assailed Pompey,
attacking fiercely some of the arrangements made by him on his
expedition. The disgrace which this brought upon Pompey led him to
reproach himself for his abandonment of Cicero; and changing front he
used every effort to effect Cicero's return, and so did his friends.
But since Clodius opposed himself to this, the senate decided to
ratify no measure that came up in the mean time and to do no public
business, unless Cicero should be permitted to return. During the
consulship of Lentulus, however, when the disorder went on
increasing, so that tribunes were wounded in the forum and Quintus the
brother of Cicero lay unnoticed for dead among the slain, the people
began to change their minds, and Annius Milo, one of the tribunes,
first ventured to prosecute Clodius for violence, and many joined
themselves to Pompey both from the people and from the surrounding
cities. With these Pompey came forth, drove Clodius from the forum,
and summoned the citizens to the vote. And it is said that the
people never passed any vote with such unanimity. The senate, too,
vying with the people, wrote letters of thanks to all the cities which
had ministered to Cicero during his exile, and decreed that his house
and his villas, which Clodius had destroyed, should be restored at the
public cost.

Thus Cicero came home in the sixteenth month after his exile; and so
great was the joy of the cities and the eagerness of men to meet him
that what was said by Cicero afterwards fell short of the truth. He
said, namely, that Italy had taken him on her shoulders and carried
him into Rome. And there Crassus also, who was his enemy before his
exile, now readily met him and was reconciled with him, to gratify his
son Publius, as he said, who was an ardent admirer of Cicero. " -
Plutarch, "Lives", Cicero XXXIII

In 60 BC Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus (often referred to today
as the First Triumvirate) combined their resources and took control of
Roman politics. Recognizing his popularity and talents, they made
several attempts to get Cicero to join them, but Cicero hesitated and
eventually refused, preferring to remain loyal to the Senate and the
idea of the Republic. This left him open to attacks by his enemies,
and in January of 58 BC one of them, the tribune Clodius (a follower
of Caesar's), proposed a law to be applied retroactively stating that
anyone who killed a Roman citizen without trial would be stripped of
their citizenship and forced into exile. This proposal led to rioting
and physical attacks on Cicero, who fled the city. The law passed.
Cicero was forbidden to live within 500 miles of Italy, and all his
property was confiscated. This exile, during which Cicero could not
take part in politics, provided the time for his first period of
sustained philosophical study as an adult. After roughly a year and a
half of exile, the political conditions changed, his property was
restored to him, and he was allowed to return to Rome, which he did to
great popular approval, claiming that the Republic was restored with him.

Valete bene!

Cato

http://news.yahoo.com/jerusalem-tunnel-glimpse-ancient-war-111649346.html


In a Jerusalem tunnel, a glimpse of an ancient war[image:
AP]<http://www.ap.org/>By
MATTI FRIEDMAN - Associated Press | AP � 22 hrs ago

- [image: In this picture taken Tuesday, Aug. 2, 2011, Eli Shukron, an
Israel Antiquities Authority archaeologist cleans stones making part of an
underground section of the Western Wall at the end of what archaeologists
say is a 2,000-year-old drainage tunnel leading to Jerusalem's Old City. The
excavation of an ancient drainage tunnel beneath Jerusalem has yielded new
artifacts from a war here 2,000-years ago, archaeologists said Monday, Aug.
8, 2011, shedding light on a key episode of the past buried under today's
politically combustible city. (AP Photo/Dan
Balilty)]<http://news.yahoo.com/photos/glimpse-of-ancient-war-in-jerusalem-tunnel-1312826573-slideshow/>

Dan Balilty - In this picture taken Tuesday, Aug. 2, 2011, Eli Shukron,
an Israel Antiquities Authority archaeologist cleans stones making part of
an underground section of the Western Wall at the end of what
�more* *archaeologists say is a 2,000-year-old drainage tunnel leading
to
Jerusalem's Old City. The excavation of an ancient drainage tunnel beneath
Jerusalem has yielded new artifacts from a war here 2,000-years ago,
archaeologists said Monday, Aug. 8, 2011, shedding light on a key episode of
the past buried under today's politically combustible city. (AP Photo/Dan
Balilty) less* *


-
- tweet<http://news.yahoo.com/_xhr/social/share/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fjerusalem-tunnel-glimpse-ancient-war-111649346.html&text=In%20a%20Jerusalem%20tunnel%2C%20a%20glimpse%20of%20an%20ancient%20war%20-%20Yahoo%21%20News&via=YahooNews&related=YahooOddNew,Yahoo&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fjerusalem-tunnel-glimpse-ancient-war-111649346.html&lang=en&action=retweet>
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JERUSALEM (AP) � The excavation of an ancient drainage tunnel beneath
Jerusalem has yielded a sword, oil lamps, pots and coins abandoned during a
war here 2,000 years ago, archaeologists said Monday, suggesting the finds
were debris from a pivotal episode in the city's history when rebels hid
from Roman soldiers crushing a Jewish revolt.

The tunnel was built two millennia ago underneath one of Roman-era
Jerusalem's main streets, which today largely lies under an Arab
neighborhood in the city's eastern sector. After a four-year excavation, the
tunnel is part of a growing network of subterranean passages under the
politically combustible modern city.

The tunnel was intended to drain rainwater, but is also thought to have been
used as a hiding place for the rebels during the time of the Second Temple
in Jerusalem. That temple was razed, along with much of the city, by Roman
legionnaires putting down the Jewish uprising in 70 A.D.

On Monday, archaeologists from the Israel Antiquities Authority unveiled a
sword found in the tunnel late last month, measuring 24 inches (60
centimeters) in length and with its leather sheath intact. The sword likely
belonged to a member of the Roman garrison around the time of the revolt,
the archaeologists said.

"We found many things that we assume are linked to the rebels who hid out
here, like oil lamps, cooking pots, objects that people used and took with
them, perhaps, as a souvenir in the hope that they would be going back,"
said Eli Shukron, the Israel Antiquities Authority archaeologist in charge
of the dig.

The archaeologists also found a bronze key from the same era, coins minted
by rebels with the slogan "Freedom of Zion," and a crude carved depiction of
a menorah, a seven-branched Jewish candelabra that was one of the central
features of the Temple.

The flight of the rebels to tunnels like the one currently being excavated
was described by the historian Josephus Flavius, a Jewish rebel general who
shifted his allegiance to Rome during the revolt and penned the most
important history of the uprising.

As the city burned, he wrote about five years afterward, the rebels decided
their "last hope" lay in the tunnels. They planned to wait until the legions
had departed and then emerge and escape.

"But this proved to be an idle dream, for they were not destined to escape
from either God or the Romans," he wrote. The legionnaires tore up the
paving stones above the drainage channels and exposed their hiding place.

"There too were found the bodies of more than two thousand, some slain by
their own hands, some by another's; but most of them died by starvation,"
Josephus wrote. The victors proceeded to loot, he wrote, "for many precious
objects were found in these passages."

The new tunnel, lit by fluorescent bulbs and smelling of damp earth, has
been cleared for much of its length but has not yet been opened to the
public. Earlier this month, a team from The Associated Press walked through
the tunnel from the biblical Pool of Siloam, one of the city's original
water sources, continuing for 600 yards (meters) under the Palestinian
neighborhood named for the pool � Silwan � before climbing out onto a sunlit
Roman-era street inside Jerusalem's Old City.

The tunnel is part of the expanding City of David excavation in Silwan,
which sits above the oldest section of Jerusalem. The dig is named for the
biblical monarch thought to have ruled from the site. It is funded by a
group affiliated with the Jewish settlement movement and has drawn criticism
from Palestinian residents who have charged that the work is disruptive and
politically motivated.

Israel and the Palestinians have conflicting claims over Jerusalem that have
scuttled peace efforts for decades. Both sides claim the Old City, which
includes sites holy to Christians, Muslims and Jews.

The excavation of the tunnel began in 2007. Last month, a worker found a
tiny golden bell that seemed to have been an ornament on the clothing of a
rich man, or possibly a Temple priest, and which could still ring 2,000
years later.

When the tunnel opens to the public sometime in the coming months,
underground passages totaling about a mile (1.6 kilometers) in length will
be accessible beneath Jerusalem. The tunnels have become one of the city's
biggest tourist draws and the number of visitors has risen in recent years
to more than a million in 2010.

The tunnels remain, however, a sensitive political issue. While for Israelis
they are proof of the extent of Jewish roots here, for many Palestinians,
who reject Israel's sovereignty in the east Jerusalem, they are a threat to
their own claims to the city and represent an exaggerated focus on Jewish
history.

The 1996 opening of a new exit to a tunnel underneath the Old City's Muslim
Quarter sparked rumors among Palestinians that Israel meant to damage the
mosque compound, and dozens were killed in the ensuing riots. In recent
years, however, criticism has been muted and work has largely gone ahead
without incident.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Cato omnibus in foro SPD

Hodiernus dies est ante diem V Idus Sextiles; haec dies comitialis est.

"After his infantry was thus routed, and when, from the cloud of dust
which he saw, Pompey conjectured the fate of his cavalry, what
thoughts passed through his mind it were difficult to say; but he was
most like a man bereft of sense and crazed, who had utterly forgotten
that he was Pompey the Great, and without a word to any one, he walked
slowly off to his camp, exemplifying those verses of Homer:

'But Zeus the father, throned on high, in Ajax stirred up fear;
He stood confounded, and behind him cast his shield of seven ox-hides,
And trembled as he peered around upon the throng.' [Homer, Iliad
XI.544]

In such a state of mind he went to his tent and sat down speechless,
until many pursuers burst into the camp with the fugitives; then he
merely ejaculated; 'What! even to my quarters?' and without another
word rose up, took clothing suitable to his present fortune, and made
his escape. The rest of his legions also fled, and there was a great
slaughter in the camp of tent-guards and servants; but only six
thousand soldiers fell, according to Asinius Pollio, who fought in
that battle on the side of Caesar.

When Caesar's troops captured the camp, they beheld the vanity and
folly of the enemy. For every tent was wreathed with myrtle boughs and
decked out with flowered couches and tables loaded with beakers; bowls
of wine were also laid out, and preparation and adornment were those
of men who had sacrificed and were holding festival rather than of men
who were arming themselves for battle. With such infatuated hopes and
such a store of foolish confidence did they go forth to war." -
Plutarch, "Lives", Pompey 72

"But Caesar, when he reached Pompey's ramparts and saw those of the
enemy who were already lying dead there and those who were still
falling, said with a groan: "They would have it so; they brought me to
such a pass that if I, Caius Caesar, after waging successfully the
greatest wars, had dismissed my forces, I should have been condemned
in their courts." Asinius Pollio says that these words, which Caesar
afterwards wrote down in Greek, were uttered by him in Latin at the
time; he also says that most of the slain were servants who were
killed at the taking of the camp, and that not more than six thousand
soldiers fell. Most of those who were taken alive Caesar incorporated
in his legions, and to many men of prominence he granted immunity. One
of these was Brutus, who afterwards slew him. Caesar was distressed,
we are told, when Brutus was not to be found, but when he was brought
into his presence safe and sound, was pleased beyond measure." -
Plutarch, "Lives", Caesar 46

On this day in 48 BC, Julius Caesar defeated Pompey's troops at
Pharsalus, causing Pompey to flee to Egypt.


Today is a celebration in honor of Sol Indiges; there would be a
public sacrifice on the Quirinal hill in honour of the divinity Sol
Indiges. We know that Sol Indiges was some form of the Sun god, but
after that we are in the dark, so to speak. According to Varro, the
Sabine Titus Tatius established (presumably on the Quirinal Hill)
altars for various divinities including Sol (as well as Ops, Flora,
Vediovis, Saturn, Vulcan, Summanus, Larundus, Terminus, Quirinus,
Vortumnus, the Lares, and Diana Lucina). Quintilian says there was a
pulvinar (a couch) dedicated to Sol near the Temple of Quirinus on the
Quirinal, which is probably connected to this ritual somehow.

In regards to the epithet "Indiges", Scullard warns us of the
controversy associated with what it means: "the Indigetes have been
regarded as di minores (gods of limited function)", as 'native' (as
opposed to foreign) gods, or as ancestral gods. That it might refer to
native or ancestral gods is perhaps suggested by the list of
divinities (mentioned above) in which Sol is included. Servius,
commenting on Virgil's Georgics (1.48) doesn't appear to be sure
himself. He tells us that dii indigetes are divinities which were
created from humans; in other words, a sort of Roman/Italian
equivalent to the Greek hero cult. The emperor Heliogabalus later
introduced the cult of Sol Invictus (the Unconquered Sun), whose
festival on ante diem VIII Kalendas Ianuarius (25 December) would be
transformed into the Christian Feast of the Nativity.

Valete bene!

Cato